anatomy – structure physiology - function. gross anatomy regional anatomy systemic anatomy surface...
TRANSCRIPT
•Anatomy – Structure
•Physiology - Function
• Gross Anatomy
• Regional Anatomy
• Systemic Anatomy
• Surface Anatomy
• Developmental Anatomy
• Microscopic Anatomy– Cytology– Histology
• Cellular/molecular Physiology
• Renal Physiology
• Neurophysiology
• Cardiophysiology
What a structure can do depends on its specific form.
• Chemicals– Atoms– Molecules
• Cellular– Organelles– Variety of shapes and functions
• Tissue– Epithelium– Connective– Muscular– Nervous
Levels (Continued)
• Organs– Heart– Brain
• Organ Systems– Integumentary– Skeletal– Muscular– Nervous– Endocrine
Levels (Continued)
• Organ System (Continued)– Cardiovascular– Lymphatic– Respiratory– Digestive– Urinary– Reproductive
• Organism
• Maintain Boundaries• Movement• Responsiveness• Digestion• Metabolism• Excretion• Reproduction• Growth
• Nutrients
• Oxygen
• Water
• Temperature
• Pressure– Atmospheric– Hydrostatic
Homeostasis
• Stable internal environment
• Control Mechanism– Receptor– Control Center– Effector
Homeostasis (Continued)
• Types of Regulation– Autoregulation– Extrinsic Regulation
Homeostasis (Continued)
• Homeostatic feedback– Positive Feedback
• Enhances (Strengthens) the stimulus• Change proceeds in same direction as original
change.
– Negative Feedback• Most feedback mechanisms• Reduces the stimulus• Change proceeds in the opposite direction as
original change.
Anatomical Position
• Standing erect
• Facing forward
• Feet slightly apart
• Arms to the side
• Palms facing forward (anterior)
• Thumbs pointing away from the body
• Superior (Cranial or Cephalad)
• Inferior (Caudal)
• Anterior (Ventral)
• Posterior (Dorsal)
• Medial
• Lateral– Ipsolateral– Contralateral
Directional Terms
Directional Terms (Continued)
• Intermediate
• Distal
• Proximal
• Superficial (Exterior)
• Deep (Interior)
Divisions of the Body
• Axial – Head– Neck– Trunk
• Appendicular– Appendages– Attachments (Girdles)
Planes and Sections
• Sagittal Plane– Midsagittal– Parasagittal
Planes and Sections
• Frontal (Coronal) Plane
Planes and Sections
• Transverse (Horizontal) Plane
• Sections– Cross Section– Oblique Section
Body Cavities
• Dorsal Body Cavities– Cranial Cavity
• Most superior• Encases Brain
– Vertebral (Spinal) Cavity• Continuous with Cranial
Cavity• Encloses spinal cord
Body Cavities
• Ventral Cavities– Minor Cavities
• Orbital• Nasal• Buccal• Digestive• Middle Ear• Synovial
Body Cavities
• Ventral Cavities– Major Cavities
• Thoracic– Pleural Cavities– Mediastinum
» Pericardial Cavity
Body Cavities
• Ventral Cavities– Major Cavities
• Abdominopelvic – Abdominal– Pelvic
Body Cavities
• Abdominopelvic Regions– Right hypochondriac region– Epigastric region– Left hypochondriac region– Right lumbar region– Umbilical region– Left lumbar region– Right iliac (Inguinal) region– Hypogastric (pubic) region– Left iliac (Inguinal) region
Body Cavities
• Abdominopelvic Quadrants– Right Upper– Left Upper– Right Lower– Left Lower