ancd presentation - indonesian
TRANSCRIPT
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AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL
COUNCIL ON DRUGS
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ANCD Membership 2007-2010
Chair: DR JOHN HERRON ANCD Chairperson
Executive members: COMMISSIONER TONY NEGUS Australian Federal Police PROFESSOR MARGARET HAMILTON Former Chair, Multiple & Complex Needs Panel, VIC
MR GARTH POPPLE Executive Director: We Help Ourselves, NSW
A/PROF ROBERT ALI Director, Clinical Services: Drug & Alcohol Services Council, SA
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ANCD Membership 2007-2010
MR DAVID CROSBIE
CEO, Mental Health Council of Australia, ACT MAGISTRATE JEFF LINDEN Magistrate, NSW
PROFESSOR RICHARD MATTICK Director, National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre
PROF TONI MAKKAI Dean, Arts and Social Sciences, Australian National University
MR DAVID MCGRATHChair: Intergovernmental Committee on Drugs
PROFESSOR IAN HICKIE Brain and Mind Institute
MS SHEREE VERTIGANAustralian Secondary Principals Association
MS TAMARA MACKEAN Centre for Aboriginal Medical and Dental Health, Uni of WA
MS COURTNEY MORCOMBE Ernst & Young
JOSEPHINE BAXTER Drug Free Australia
A/PROF TED WILKES National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University
DR DENNIS YOUNG
Executive Director: Drug Arm, QLDAdvisors:
Mr Simon Cotterell Department of Health & Ageing
Supt Tony Biggin Victoria Police (Police Commissioners Committee Rep)
Ms Donna Ah Chee - Central Australia Aboriginal Congress
Mr Nick Heath - Hobart City Council
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Advisory structure for the
National Drug Strategy
PRIME MINISTER
AUSTRALIAN NATIONALCOUNCIL ON DRUGS
ASIA PACIFIC DRUG
ISSUES COMMITTEE
MINISTERIAL COUNCIL ON DRUGSTRATEGY
OF
SUBSTANCE
ANCD/IGCD JOINTEXECUTIVE
NATIONAL INDIGENOUS DRUG
AND ALCOHOL COMMITTEE
INTERGOVERNMENTALCOMMITTEE ON DRUGS
NATIONALEXPERT
ADVISORYPANEL
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www.ancd.org.au
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Of Substance
National Drug & Alcohol Magazine
www.ofsubstance.org.au
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Supply
Reduction
Demand
Reduction
Harm
Reduction
Australias
National Drug StrategyHarm Minimisation
Australias Response
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Australian drug use trends
National Drug Strategy Household Survey, 2007
Drugs used in the past year, Australia, 1993-2007
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Number of accidental deaths due to opioids among those
aged 15 - 54 years (1988 2005) in Australia
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Value of treatment purchase
Rydell et al (1996)
Program
Focus
Source
country
Interdiction
Programs
Domestic
Enforcement
Treatment
Cost of reducingconsumption of drugsby 1% ($ million/year)
783 366 246 34
Cost relative totreatment
23.0 10.8 7.3 1.0
Provided by NDARC
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HIV prevalence in injecting drug users
World Health Organization Western Pacific Region
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Return of NSP investment
Total investments (2000-2009) = $243 million
Estimated HIV cases prevented = 32,050
Estimated HCV cases prevented = 96,667
For every $1 invested in NSPs, $4 was saved in
healthcare costs
For every $1 invested in NSPs, $27 was saved
in health care costs and lost productivity
Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing
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PORTUGAL Case Study
On July 1, 2001, a nationwide law in Portugal took effect that
decriminalized all drugs, including cocaine and heroin. Under the
new legal framework, all drugs were decriminalized, not
legalized.
Thus, drug possession for personal use and drug usage itself are
still legally prohibited, but violations of those prohibitions are
deemed to be exclusively administrative violations and are
removed completely from the criminal realm. Drug trafficking
continues to be prosecuted as a criminal offense.
Ref: Cato Institute
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Conclusion
None of the fears of Portuguese decriminalization has come to fruition, whereasmany of the benefits predicted by drug policymakers have been realized.
While drug addiction, usage, and associated pathologies continue to rise in many EUstates, those problems have been either contained or measurably improved withinPortugal since 2001.
By removing the fear of prosecution and imprisonment for drug usage, Portugal has
dramatically improved its ability to encourage drug addicts to avail themselves oftreatment. The resources that were previously devoted to prosecuting andimprisoning drug addicts are now available to provide treatment programs to addicts.
Those developments, have dramatically improved drug related social ills, includingdrug-caused mortalities and drug-related disease transmission although it is noted
that treatment is not voluntary.
Drug policymakers in the Portuguese government are virtually unanimous in theirbelief that decriminalization has enabled a far more effective approach to managingPortugals addiction problems and other drug-related afflictions.
Ref: Cato Institute
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Australia Illicit Drug Diversion Initiative
In Australia the number of people in prison has continued to rise.
A significant proportion of prisoners have substance misuse and dependence
problems that contributes to their criminal activity.
The average annual cost for a prisoner ranges up to $80,000 per year
The average annual cost for treatment in a residential rehabilitation centre is
less than $30,000 per year,
The average annual cost for non-residential treatment such as methadone
and buprenorphine, counselling etc is even less
In response to increasing international and national evidence on the benefits and
effectiveness of treating offenders with drug use problems rather than imprisoning
them in 1998 the Australian Government announced the National Illicit Drug
Diversion Initiative as one of its major investments to address drug use
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Police cautioningor apprehension
Diversion
(either court orcommunity based
system)
Drug education
Treatment
Non
complianceAssessment
Criminaljustice/court
Partnerships between Law Enforcement, Health, Government & NGO
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Diversion Initiative Details
Participation in the Drug Diversion Initiative is not compulsory -offenders are given the option of appearing in court, or choosing toundergo assessment for the purposes of receiving treatment for theirdrug problem.
If offenders choose to undergo assessment, the diversion processbecomes compulsory in order for them to expiate their offence. Thetreatment episode will not be more onerous than the equivalent courtobligations.
The initiative is premised on drug users expiating their offence byengaging in treatment and rehabilitation as recommended by theirassessment. One effect of expiation is that often no criminal
conviction is recorded for that particular offence.
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Some Diversion Program Results
The saving of 18,000 hours of police time, the saving of $400,000 in police costs
and an estimated saving of $800,000 for local courts just from the CannabisCautioning Police Diversion Program in New South Wales. In just 3 years of
operation;
Participants in the NSW MERIT program (a court based diversion program)
being far less likely to re-offend than those who did not complete the program;
Conservative cost estimates of the NSW MERIT program suggested that more
than twice the amount spent was saved;
Queensland participants in the police illicit drug diversion program reporting
increased employment and improved physical and mental health;
Victorian Drug Court participants reporting full-time employment increasing
from 11% to 25% after six months;
South Australian Police Diversion participants reporting a 40% decline in drug
related offending with similar declines being reported across the country.
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Drug prevention strategies
Drug prevention strategies: Drug prevention inthe family
Drug prevention strategies: Drug prevention in
the school setting
Drug prevention strategies: Drug prevention inthe community
http://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/druginfo/fact_sheets/drug_prevention
http://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/druginfo/fact_sheets/drug_prevention/drug_prevention_in_the_family.htmlhttp://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/druginfo/fact_sheets/drug_prevention/drug_prevention_in_the_family.htmlhttp://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/druginfo/fact_sheets/drug_prevention/drug_prevention_in_the_school_.htmlhttp://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/druginfo/fact_sheets/drug_prevention/drug_prevention_in_the_school_.htmlhttp://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/druginfo/fact_sheets/drug_prevention/drug_prevention_in_the_communi.htmlhttp://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/druginfo/fact_sheets/drug_prevention/drug_prevention_in_the_communi.htmlhttp://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/druginfo/fact_sheets/drug_preventionhttp://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/druginfo/fact_sheets/drug_preventionhttp://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/druginfo/fact_sheets/drug_prevention/drug_prevention_in_the_communi.htmlhttp://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/druginfo/fact_sheets/drug_prevention/drug_prevention_in_the_communi.htmlhttp://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/druginfo/fact_sheets/drug_prevention/drug_prevention_in_the_school_.htmlhttp://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/druginfo/fact_sheets/drug_prevention/drug_prevention_in_the_school_.htmlhttp://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/druginfo/fact_sheets/drug_prevention/drug_prevention_in_the_family.htmlhttp://www.druginfo.adf.org.au/druginfo/fact_sheets/drug_prevention/drug_prevention_in_the_family.html -
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Barack Obama: Rolling Stone Interview
"Anybody who sees the devastating impact of the drug trade in
the inner cities, or the methamphetamine trade in ruralcommunities, knows that this is a huge problem. I believe inshifting the paradigm, shifting the model, so that we focus more
on a public-health approach...
The point is that if we're putting more money into education, intotreatment, into prevention and reducing the demand side, thenthe ways that we operate on the criminal side can shift. I would
start with nonviolent, first-time drug offenders. The notion that weare imposing felonies on them or sending them to prison, where
they are getting advanced degrees in criminality, instead ofthinking about ways like drug courts that can get them back on
track in their lives it's expensive, it's counterproductive, and itdoesn't make sense.
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Albert Einstein
"Any intelligent fool can make things bigger, morecomplex, and more violent. It takes a touch ofgenius -- and a lot of courage -- to move in the
opposite direction."
Confucian Proverb
Insanity is doing the same thing in the same way
and expecting a different outcome
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THANK YOU
www.ancd.org.au
http://www.ancd.org.au/http://www.ancd.org.au/