Ancient ChinaAncient China

4.4 The Unification of China4.4 The Unification of China

Chaos of Warring States leads Chaos of Warring States leads to New Philosophiesto New Philosophies

Scholars try to restore Scholars try to restore Social order, Social order, Harmony, Harmony, && Respect for authorityRespect for authority

3 Philosophical Systems 3 Philosophical Systems

ConfucianismConfucianism

Daoism Daoism (Taoism)(Taoism)

LegalismLegalism

Yin Yin && YangYangOpposite rhythms of the universeOpposite rhythms of the universe

Yin: Earth, Feminine, Passive, TigerYin: Earth, Feminine, Passive, Tiger

YangYang: : Sky, Masculine, Active, DragonSky, Masculine, Active, Dragon

ConfuciusConfucius (551 – 479 BC) (551 – 479 BC)China’s greatest scholarChina’s greatest scholar

Social harmony & good Social harmony & good Govt. depend on the duties Govt. depend on the duties

of of 5 relationships5 relationships – ruler & subjectruler & subject– father & sonfather & son– husband & wifehusband & wife– older brother & youngerolder brother & younger– friend & friendfriend & friend

ConfucianismConfucianismDominant philosophy of ChinaDominant philosophy of China– was supported by some Emperors was supported by some Emperors

ValuesValues–Social Order through Social Order through Filial PietyFilial Piety–Education is important to societyEducation is important to society–Everyone has Civic ResponsibilityEveryone has Civic Responsibility–Govt. jobs (civil service) should Govt. jobs (civil service) should be based on Meritbe based on Merit

Confucian Civil ServiceConfucian Civil ServiceFocus of Education = train Focus of Education = train Civil Civil ServantsServants = govt. workers= govt. workers

A trained civil service = A trained civil service = BureaucracyBureaucracy

Candidates were required to pass a Candidates were required to pass a test on Confucian ethicstest on Confucian ethics

Anyone could take it, but only rich Anyone could take it, but only rich could afford the education needed.could afford the education needed.

DaoismDaoismFounded by Founded by LaoziLaozi (6 (6thth Century BC) Century BC)

The DaoThe Dao = “The Way” = universal = “The Way” = universal force that guides natureforce that guides nature

Harmony comes from Nature = study Harmony comes from Nature = study nature to become one with the Dao = nature to become one with the Dao = achieve internal harmony.achieve internal harmony.

Daoist PracticesDaoist Practices

Internal Harmony thru…Internal Harmony thru…

–Tai QiTai Qi

–Traditional Chinese Traditional Chinese MedicineMedicine

–AstrologyAstrology

LegalismLegalismFounded by Founded by Li SiLi Si

Order thru strong govt. that Order thru strong govt. that provides rich rewards & harsh provides rich rewards & harsh punishments.punishments.

Govt. controls thoughts & actionsGovt. controls thoughts & actions

The Qin Dynasty The Qin Dynasty 221-202 BC221-202 BC

Founded by Founded by Qin Shi Qin Shi HuangdiHuangdi

United China under United China under an an AutocraticAutocratic Emperor.Emperor.

Used Legalism to Used Legalism to crush all political & crush all political & intellectual threats. intellectual threats.