ancient china
DESCRIPTION
Ancient China. 9. 4. 11. 10. 1. 6. 5. 2. 3. 7. 20. 8. 13. 12. 14. 15. 19. 16. 17. 18. China’s Geography. Read Chapter 4, Section 1 Answer the questions on the worksheet Record 3 key facts from each section in your notes Physical Settings-Different Regions - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Ancient China
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China’s GeographyRead Chapter 4, Section 1Answer the questions on the worksheetRecord 3 key facts from each section in your notes
Physical Settings-Different RegionsThe rivers of ChinaChina’s isolation
Due Tomorrow
China’s GeographyAll types of
geographic features‘China’ has changed a
lot over the yearsThree main rivers
Huang or Yellow(China’s Sorrow)
Yangtze or ChangXi in the south
Strong sense of culture, isolated from most outsiders
Shang Dynasty-1750 BC-1050 BCFirst people in roughly 10,000 BCXia people first settle by the Yellow river in
3,000 BCShang invade the region, start first dynasty
3 groups Government/CultureReligionLanguage and Writing
ShangCreated a
Bureaucracy- a government organized into different levels and tasks
Economy Agriculture- Rice and
Millet, pigs, horses, Some merchants and
artisans
Shang CalendarWas created one of two ways
1. Based on the sun2. Based on the movements of the moon. This
was mainly used for special occasions such as birthdays and deaths.
ReligionAnimism- the belief that
spirits inhabit everythingGods of wind, sun,
clouds, and manShangdi- A great god
who controlled human destiny and the forces of nature
Oracle Bones- The shoulder of cattle or tortoise shells used for writing on
Fall of the ShangPeople came to the region mainly because
they were attracted to the wealth.The Zhou formed Alliances with other local
tribes They said that the Shang were corrupt and
unfit to rule
Zhou Dynasty 1050 BC- 256 BCNo centralized
governmentGave territory to members
of the royal family to control
Feudalism-loyalty-military service to kings for land
By 771 BC they are forced move
Begins the Late Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period of Chinese History
Established the ‘Mandate of Heaven’
Four principles to the Mandate:
The right to rule is granted by Heaven.
There is only one Heaven therefore there can be only one ruler.
The right to rule is based on the virtue of the ruler.
The right to rule is not limited to one dynasty.
Mandate of HeavenHere are some of the ways
these this idea impacted China1. It gives the ruler prestige
and religious importance. 2. It gives the ruler supreme
power. 3. It allows a new ruler to gain
power quickly if the people believe he has the 'Mandate of Heaven'.
4. A ruler's power must be kept in check by virtue.
5. The Mandate of Heaven justifies rebellion as long as the rebellion is successful.
Floods, riots, and other disasters might be signs that the ancestor spirits were displeased with the King’s rule.
Leads to a long history of government overthrow and change
Late Spring and Autumn Period and Warring States Period of Chinese History
Zhou Dynasty Achievements - origin of Chinese philosophy
developed to deal with political and social changes (Confucianism,Daoism,Legalism)
- compass invented sometime between 480 - 221 B.C.
- kite - the oldest type of aircraft was invented during the 4th or 5th century
- lasted longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history
- developed China's first projects involving hydraulic engineering
- perfection of bronze casting - use of gold and silver inlays in
objects - use of iron in developing iron casting
for tools and weapons was introduced
- developed technology for irrigation, drainage, waterways, canals, dikes, and dams
- used dyed yarns and materials like silk and linen
- produced glass - refined the calendar - studied and recorded astronomy
and astronomical events - created the first geographical
maps - discovered magnetism - advancements in mathematics,
including basic arithmetic, fractions, geometry, trigonometry, and calculations
- use of fertilizers and pesticides
AssignmentRead Chapter 4,
section 4 Fill out the
worksheetRecord 3 keys facts,
for both, Confucianism and Daoism
Due Friday, Jan. 31
ConfuciusBorn poor and vowed to
end suffering and bring peace, Political
Pushed education as the meaning of life
“noble deeds, not noble birth bestowed honor”
Family, Elders, AncestorsCivic Duty, Virtuous
leaders
Lao TzuBegan TaoismTaught about living
in harmony with nature
Tao=the wayEmphasizes non-
actionNo concern for
wealth or material world
The Art of WarMost important book
of military strategyWritten by Sun Tzu
in the 5th century BC“know your enemies
and know yourself”Sun Tzu considered
war as a necessary evil that must be avoided whenever possible.
"the best policy is to capture the state intact; it should be destroyed only if no other options are available“.
Win without fightingAvoid strengths,
attack weaknessDeception and
Foreknowledge
Qin Dynasty 221 BC-206 BCQin Shih Huang di-
Mean “first emperor”
Expanded TerritoryVictories doubled
the size of ChinaAgainst Confucius
and Lao Tzu’s Philosophies
Also had feudalism
Qin DynastyQin Shi Huang di
quickly put down any revolts against him
Ordered all Noble families to live at the capital city, so he could watch over them
Murdered 100’s of Confucian scholars and ordered useless books to be burned.
Qin and LegalismA highly efficient and powerful government is
the key to maintaining social orderAutocracy-Absolute power of one (emperor)Rewards and Punishments are useful to
maintain social order(people are selfish and untrustworthy)
Thinkers and their ideas should be strictly controlled by the governments
Qin DynastyForced peasants to
work on roads, walls, public works against their will
Set uniform standards, writing, laws, currency and measurements
This allowed for trade to blossom
Great Wall of China14,000 miles longFrom the Yellow Sea
in the East to the Gobi Desert in the West
Enemies would have to travel ½ way to Tibet
Many died while working on the wall
Terracotta ArmyDied in 210 B.CCreated the
Terracotta army to protect him in the afterlife
Discovered in 1974
Fall of the QinAfter Qin Shi Huang di died in 210 B.C. his
son took over, and proved to be a weak leader.
Peasants rebelled just three years after the second Qin Emperor took office
One of the leaders, a peasant from the land of Han, Marched his troops into the capital city
The harsh Qin Dynasty gave way to the Han Dynasty
HAN Dynasty 206 BC-220 ADLiu Bang (Born a peasant) overthrows QinLiu Bang won and declared himself the first
emperor of the Han DynastyStrong Centralized government-Civil Service
ReformsHe did however, lower taxes and softened
harsh punishmentsChina became a Confucian state
Silk RoadConnected China to Western EuropeTraded goods such as silk, spices, gold, and
silverCaused cultural diffusionLearned about foods, animals, and fashions
that were common in foreign lands