ancient china world history core. geography/interaction with environment location: asia natural...
TRANSCRIPT
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Ancient China
World History Core
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Geography/Interaction with Environment
Location: Asia Natural Barriers
EAST: Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and Pacific Ocean
WEST: Taklimakan Desert and Plateau of TibetSOUTHWEST: HimalayasNORTH: Gobi Desert and Mongolian Plateau
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Geography/Interaction with Environment
Isolation by Distance Yangtze River
Central China to Yellow Sea Huang He (Yellow River)
Northern China to Yellow Sea LOESS: deposits of yellow silt (fertile soil) “China’s Sorrow”: dangerous floods of the
Huang He
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Yangtze River
Yellow River
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Geography/Interaction with Environment
Challenges Dangerous Floods
Solution: Yu’s irrigation and flood control methods
Isolation Solution:
Had to supply all goods, could NOT rely on trade!
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Geography/Interaction with Environment
China’s Heartland 10% of land in China is ARABLE North China Plain
Farm land between the two rivers
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Power and Authority
Dynastic Civilization Ruled by families
Xia Dynasty and Yu the Great:
First DynastyMathematician and Engineer
Developed way to control flooding which allowed a civilization to develop
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Power and Authority
Shang Dynasty: 1st family to leave written records Warrior Kings: rulers who were constantly at war Middle Kingdom: China’s name for itself, believed they
were the center Barbarians: outsiders to China Class Division:
Between peasant and nobles NOBLES: owned all the land that the peasants worked on
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Power and Authority
Zhou Dynasty: overthrew Shang 1027 BC Mandate of Heaven: divine approval to rule comes from
heaven Developed by the Zhou to get rid of Shang Dynasty
Dynastic Cycle: pattern of rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties (see p. 54 and next slide)
Feudalism: political system in which nobles are granted land that legally belongs to the King In RETURN: Nobles must (1) Give loyalty and military service
to the King and (2) Must protect the people living on the land
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Religious and Ethical Systems
Loyalty to Family: Center of Chinese society #1 virtue: Honor and respect PARENTS Elder men were in charge of family Women were inferior 13-16 arranged into marriage Must bear a son to improve your social worth
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Religious and Ethical Systems
Ancestor Worship: Power to bring good or disaster to a family Must give sacrifices to ancestors
Polytheistic: Belief in many GODS Shang Di
Oracle Bones: used to communicate with the Gods How they worked:
Wrote question on animal bone Priest pokes bone with a hot rod Bone cracks Priest interprets the cracks to answer the question on the bone
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Cultural Interaction/Economics/Empire
Building
Agrarian Society: depend on farming Expansion Limited by Distance Warring Nomads:
Sacked Zhou capital, killing the monarchs Leads to quarrels among NOBLES, thus the end
of the Zhou Dynasty
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Revolution
Shang are overthrown by the Zhou Due to the idea of Divine Mandate Zhou believed the Shang were no longer doing a
good job Developed idea that Gods no longer wanted the
Shang to rule Thus giving ruling power to the Zhou
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Science and Technology
Written Language: united large, diverse area because you didn’t have to be able to speak the same language to be able to read Chinese Symbols NOT letters: each character = one syllable Calligraphy: writing of characters, each character made
up of single brushstrokes Difficult to LEARN:
1500 = barely literate 10,000 = scholar
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Science and Technology
Silk Production: religious beginnings, discovered by a Goddess Silk worms produce the fabric Worn by rulers Silk Road: Chinese silk trade route
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Science and Technology
Coined Money: To improve trade
Iron Weapons and Tools: Blast furnaces to cast iron
Weapons: daggers and swordsAgriculture: knives and spades
Made farming more efficient!