ancient egypt - levittownschools.com€¦ · ppt file · web view · 2017-11-27egyptians believed...
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Ancient EgyptSocial and Cultural Aspects
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Social Stratification – Hierarchy- Status
• Based on wealth and power • 1) Upper Classes- Nobles, Priests, and Government Officials• 2) Middle Class – Merchants and Artisans- Skilled Workers • 3) Lower Classes:
• Farmers and Herders– made up the majority of the people • Unskilled workers- “did all the physical work”• Slaves
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Job Specialization
Determined wealth and social status
Majority of people were unskilled peasants who farmed or worked on
construction of buildings
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Gender roles https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8bYRy_wZEJI
Role of Women• Higher role in society compared to other
river valley civilizations • Domestic chores- reared children • Owned businesses• Worked as musicians and entertainers at
court• Had equal rights as men in their class • Wealthy women could become priestesses• Own property- legal rights- divorce rights
Role of Men • Patriarchal society • Father was the head of the house• Provided for the family • Son inherited father’s skill or position
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Religion – Polytheistic worship of many gods- built
temples- had priests
• Unlike Mesopotamia’s pessimistic view of death and the after life, Egypt had a positive view of the afterlife –
• Book of the Dead- a collection of spells to enable people to pass successfully from this life to the next
• Ra- Sun god• Isis – goddess of nature
and magic• Horus- god of war• Osiris- god of the dead• Anubis https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1yv_MXNYbAo
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Take the TestWhich god are you?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yIBLxIvVKAo
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9u1vafW3gk
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Valued the Afterlife
• Egyptians believed that life in the Next World would be better than life on Earth. They believed in life after death.
• In order for the Egyptians to obtain life after death, they had to study a book of spells and prayers, called The Book of the Dead.
• They also needed to go through a series of difficult challenges on their way to the Next World which was overseen by Osiris, the god of the dead.
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Mummification Prepared the body for
the after life
Elaborate BurialsAmulets and personal
items were buried along with servants, food, pets, weapons
for the afterlife
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Writing- Record Keeping
Hieroglyphics • Used on stone monuments,
temples, tombs • Records deeds of the gods, men,
poetry, spells, instructional and medical texts, myths and legends
• Written from right to left • Demotic (later used by elites) –
phonetic script
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Cultural and Technological Achievements
• Writing- Hieroglyphics • Literature• Architecture- Pyramids• Papyrus• Pottery
• Engineering- Pyramid construction• Mathematics- Number system based on
10- use of fractions to add, subtract, and divide
• Astronomy- 365 day calendar with 12 months grouped into 3 seasons
• Medicine- surgery, first medical books• Shipbuilding