ancient greece
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Ancient GreeceAncient Greece
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece
Learning PointsLearning Points The Greek views of government, law, The Greek views of government, law,
and reasonand reason The development of the Greek political The development of the Greek political
ideasideas
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece The Greeks were an The Greeks were an
ancient farming and ancient farming and fishing culture fishing culture whose development whose development gave rise to modern gave rise to modern day politics, day politics, literature, warfare, literature, warfare, and art.and art.
Founders of Western Founders of Western civilizationcivilization
Classical Era – 500 Classical Era – 500 BCBC
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece Geography forced Geography forced
Greeks to form city-Greeks to form city-states – small states – small “nations” the size of “nations” the size of a city.a city.
Desire for more Desire for more land led Greeks to land led Greeks to emigrate to other emigrate to other lands.lands.
This spread Greek This spread Greek civilization to the civilization to the known world.known world.
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece
Which culture is considered the Which culture is considered the founders of Western civilization?founders of Western civilization?
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece
Life in a city-state:Life in a city-state: Honored Greek Honored Greek
Gods (Zeus, Gods (Zeus, Hermes, Poseidon)Hermes, Poseidon)
Ruled by kings, Ruled by kings, later democracylater democracy
Built bronze Built bronze weaponsweapons
Held slaves, mainly Held slaves, mainly captured in warcaptured in war
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece
When iron-making is When iron-making is discovered, warfare discovered, warfare changes too.changes too.
The Phalanx is the The Phalanx is the Greeks prime Greeks prime weapon.weapon. Rows of men, armed Rows of men, armed
with spears trying to with spears trying to push the other side off push the other side off the fieldthe field
All citizens required All citizens required to train in the Phalanxto train in the Phalanx
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece Sparta: The Warrior Sparta: The Warrior
StateState Practiced fighting from Practiced fighting from
the time of children.the time of children. Ignored farming in Ignored farming in
order to train, so their order to train, so their diet was bland.diet was bland.
Only males over 30 Only males over 30 who had proved who had proved themselves in battle themselves in battle could be citizenscould be citizens
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece
What was the main weapon used by What was the main weapon used by the Greeks?the Greeks?
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece
Athens: The Political Athens: The Political StateState
First democracyFirst democracy Outlawed slavery, gave Outlawed slavery, gave
more people citizenshipmore people citizenship ““Tyrants” took Tyrants” took
advantage of the new advantage of the new democracy, favoring democracy, favoring only the merchants and only the merchants and poor (because of poor (because of numbers)numbers)
Created a legislatureCreated a legislature
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece The ultimate enemy of The ultimate enemy of
all Greeks was the all Greeks was the Persian EmpirePersian Empire
Athens stopped an Athens stopped an invasion at Marathon, invasion at Marathon, 490 BC490 BC
480 BC - The Persians 480 BC - The Persians returned and burned returned and burned Athens, but a combined Athens, but a combined force of Spartans and force of Spartans and Athenians sunk the Athenians sunk the Persian NavyPersian Navy
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece 479 BC – The 479 BC – The
Persians return by Persians return by land and are defeated land and are defeated at Thermopylaeat Thermopylae
300 Spartans stood 300 Spartans stood against 300,000 against 300,000 Persians.Persians.
Athens’ navy again Athens’ navy again defeated the Persian defeated the Persian navy.navy.
Now, Greece was Now, Greece was safe from Persianssafe from Persians
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece
What were the two most important What were the two most important city-states?city-states?
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece Athens came out on Athens came out on
top – money is top – money is powerpower
Led by PericlesLed by Pericles All citizens directly All citizens directly
participated in participated in governmentgovernment
Established juriesEstablished juries Pericles said citizens Pericles said citizens
in a democracy have in a democracy have rights, but also rights, but also responsibilityresponsibility
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece Athens spent lots of Athens spent lots of
money on temples and money on temples and works of art.works of art.
Some Greeks turned Some Greeks turned away from the gods away from the gods and began to think and began to think that the universe was that the universe was regulated by natural regulated by natural laws.laws.
These “philosophers” These “philosophers” believed in the reason believed in the reason of the human mind to of the human mind to understand human understand human existence.existence.
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece
Peloponnesian War Peloponnesian War 431 BC – 404 BC431 BC – 404 BC
With Persia gone, With Persia gone, the two Greek the two Greek giants squared off giants squared off – Athens and – Athens and Sparta.Sparta.
Sparta won and Sparta won and Athens’ power was Athens’ power was diminished.diminished.
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece A group of A group of
philosophers, called philosophers, called “Sophists” said that “Sophists” said that goodness and truth goodness and truth were just opinions not were just opinions not something that something that needed to be followed.needed to be followed.
They trained They trained politicians to use their politicians to use their ideas to become ideas to become powerful.powerful.
But one man But one man disagreed…disagreed…
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece Socrates:Socrates: ““Use self-examination Use self-examination
to determine what can to determine what can a person do that will a person do that will work for the greatest work for the greatest good.”good.”
Rejected the Sophists Rejected the Sophists and said that their and said that their teachings were teachings were destructivedestructive
Socrates arrested and Socrates arrested and refused to escape. refused to escape. Executed by poison.Executed by poison.
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece Plato:Plato: Socrates’ brightest Socrates’ brightest
student.student. Hated democracy for Hated democracy for
what it did to his what it did to his teacher.teacher.
Said the government Said the government should control should control everyone's life.everyone's life.
Said all were born equal, Said all were born equal, but by their actions but by their actions showed their true level.showed their true level.
Workers, soldiers, Workers, soldiers, thinkersthinkers
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece
Plato’s brightest Plato’s brightest student was Aristotlestudent was Aristotle
Argued for a Argued for a constitutional constitutional government ruled by government ruled by the middle class.the middle class.
Rulers should be Rulers should be subject to their own subject to their own laws.laws.
Aristotle’s most famous Aristotle’s most famous student was a young student was a young boy named Alexander.boy named Alexander.
Ancient GreeceAncient Greece
Who was Socrates’ best student?Who was Socrates’ best student?