ancient history 10. barter: a means of trade in early human society, before the advent of money.…
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Barter: A means of trade in early human society, before the advent of money. Goods were exchanged on a necessity basis, and the value was based on supply and demand.TRANSCRIPT
Ancient History 10
Barter: A means of trade in early human society, before the advent of money. Goods were exchanged on a necessity basis, and the value was based on supply and demand.
Started around 2 million years ago and ended around 8000 B.C.E
Nomadic = moving from place to place hunting and gathering
Hominids = Any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans.
Paleolithic Society: Also known as the Old Stone Age, this is a period in which humans developed complex and integrated social patterns such as marriage, alliances, a social hierarchy, religious rituals, and artistic sophistication.
8000 B.C.E to 6000 B.C.E. Climate grew warmer = grasslands &
forests Improved weapons & tools 1st pottery, which was used to store food
& water Besides fishhooks & harpoons, they
weaved nets & used canoes for fishing and travel
Domesticated dogs for hunting & protection
6000 B.C.E. to 3500 B.C.E. Planted seeds & started farming Farming is known as the
Neolithic Revolution
Kept herds of animals (cattle & sheep), which added meat to the diet
Used cattle & oxen to pull plows
Built sturdy houses & villages started to form Decorative pottery, dishes & ornaments Weaved cloth from plant fiber & animal hair Polished stone Invention of the wheel & axels and later simple
carts
Neolithic Revolution: Also known as the New Stone Age, it refers to a period after 9000 B.C.E. Humans began to use more-sophisticated tools and began to abandon their nomadic lifestyle for a sedentary one.
Specialization of labour = Separation and assignment of jobs according to the skills of individuals
Markets and trading Economy, $, class system More leisure time There was a form of government, which regulated customs
and rules for protection Culture developed Stonehenge was built
4000 B.C.E. Copper ended the New Stone Age Bronze was made from copper & tin Bronze was 1st found in the Middle East
= beginning of a metals industry Stronger weapons, tools, swords, shields
Bronze improved productivity in farming: Digging sticks, plows, tools of irrigation and sickles
The potter’s wheel invented Simple sailing and navigation = trade with
distant places Development of specialization = urbanization Urbanization = Growth of cities due to migration
of people to them
Centralized Government
Occupational Specialization
Agricultural Intensification
State Religion
Class Structure
Development of Writing & Science
Merchants & Trade
Civilizations relied on rivers for:Steady source of waterFertile soilFish to supplement their dietTransportationCommunication throughTrade and
Exchange of ideas
Society: A system of human organizations that generates distinctive cultural patterns and usually provides protection, security, and continuity for its members.
Urban Revolution: Characterized by large, densely packed urban centers that have a recognized hierarchy and a diverse economy. This is recognized as the era in which society became civilized and is one of the seven characteristics of a civilization.