ancient nubia
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Ancient Nubia. Which Nile culture developed first?. Egypt. Nubia. Nubia. However, Egypt developed more quickly!. Nubia. Located in present day Sudan; south of Egypt Called Kingdom of Kush. Nubia. Nubia was more fertile in ancient times Silt from flooding (Nile) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Ancient Nubia
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Which Nile culture
developed first?Egypt Nubia
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NubiaHowever, Egypt
developed more quickly!
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NubiaLocated in present day Sudan; south of EgyptCalled Kingdom of Kush
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NubiaNubia was more fertile in ancient timesSilt from flooding (Nile)Rich in minerals – gold, copper, stone
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Nubian Civilization Similar to Egypt
Farming developed about 3500 B.C.Some farmers grew wealthy; became leaders
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Nubian Civilization 2000 B.C. – leader
united the region & became kingKingdom – Kush1st capital – Kerma (south of 3rd cataract) – natural barrier
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Kushite societyBegan evolvingInfluenced by people in the south and Egypt in the North
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Nubia’s WealthNubian kings gained wealth from tradeNubians raised cattle and hunted for food because they lived in a rocky region
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Conflict ArisesPeaceful at timesEgypt / Nubia border shifted many timesWas influenced by Egypt because of close contact, but did develop its own culture Kush grew wealthy and strongEgyptians feared the growth of Kush
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During Egypt’s Old Kingdom,
pharaohs often controlled Lower
Nubia
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Egypt VS NubiaEgypt sought to control the mines and trade in NubiaIn times of strong governments (pharaohs) in Egypt, Egypt pushed into Nubia; weak governments were driven out of Nubia
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Egypt VS NubiaEgypt’s New Kingdom1500 B.C. - Thutmose I sent army to conquer KushConquered Nubia north of 5th cataractDestroyed KermaNubians enslavedForced to make payments of goldBuilt Egyptian temples
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Egyptian ControlControlled Kush
450 yearsEgyptians settled in KushEgyptian language Egyptian names, clothing, religious practices
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King’s Sons of Kush
Pharaoh’s officialsKept watch over local rulersSent sons of rulers to Egypt as hostages
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Egypt eventually retreated
because of problems at
home!
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Egypt’s New Kingdom Ends
Mid 1000sEgypt’s pharaoh lost powerKushite leaders regained control of KushKush became independent once againNo history of Kush for next 200 years
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Kush Regains Power850 B.C.
Kushites build new capital in Napata (south of Kerma)
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Kush Invades Egypt700s B.C.
King Kashta attacked Egypt751 B.C. – conquered Lower Egypt
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Kushite RulePiankhi (son of Kashta) – 751-716 B.C.Continued to attack EgyptBelieved gods wanted him to rule Egypt – fueled passion for warControlled from Delta to Kushite capital
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Egypt under Nubian rule
Nubians allowed Egyptians to keep their own cultureNubians helped to restore forgotten or lost parts of their culture
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ShabakaBrother of PiankhiDeclared himself PharaohBegan 25th Dynasty Believed they were heirs of great Egyptian pharaoh’s of the past
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ShabakaRestored Egyptian culture and infrastructureTried to restore old traditions and cultural practicesWorked to restore Egyptian writingRestored temples
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End of Nubian RuleNubians only ruled Egypt
40-60 years670s B.C. – Assyrians invaded Egypt in 10 years Kushites had been back into Nubia
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Kushite SuccessBecame farmers and
tradersProsperous and powerful
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Kushite Iron IndustryMeroe – new capital and industrial centerLocation on Nile aided growthLarge deposits of ….
-gold-forests – ebony & other wood-iron ore
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Kushite TradeTrade network – system of people in different lands who trade goodsKush to Egyptians; Egyptians to Greeks; then to entire Mediterranean region and Red Sea ports
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Kush Exports and ImportsExports – items sent to other
places – gold, pottery, iron tools and weapons, slaves, ivoryImports – goods brought in from other countries – fine jewelry and luxury items
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Cultural DiffusionTrade led to combined cultures of Kushites and othersMost obvious – Egypt – borrowed many aspects of Egyptian culture
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Unique Kushite CultureHouses
Daily lifeWorshipped some of own godsOwn written language – Meroitic (we still can’t decode)Different view on women
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Kushite WomenExpected to be activeSome rose to positions of powerCo-rulersQueensQueen Shankhdakheto – 1st woman to rule Kush (170 B.C. – 150 B.C.)
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Decline of KushProblems within the kingdom weakened the economyOvergrazed the land (cattle); led to soil blown away by wind; less farmingCut down too many trees to fuel furnaces; furnaces shut down; fewer weapons and tools to trade
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Decline of KushWeakened by loss of tradeForeigners set up new trade routes that bypassed KushAksum
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AksumLocated on Red SeaPresent day Ethiopia and EritreaGrew wealthy quickly (200 years)A.D. 350 Emperor Ezana took advantage of Kush’s loss of wealth and military power – destroyed Kushite capital (Meroe)
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AksumLate A. D. 300s Aksum became Christian200 years later converted NubiansInfluence of Kush disappeared
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Egypt and Nubia had lost
their power and NEVER regained
full strength!