Chapter 5: EARTHQUAKESLearning Target Vocabulary

Word Definition Facts or Examples Symbol/PictureLesson 1

I can explain how stress in the crust changes Earth’s

surface

Tension The stress ______ that _____ on the crust and _____ rock

in the ____________.

Tension occurs where two plates ____________ (___________boundaries)

CompressionThe stress _________ that ___________ rock until it

_______ or _____

Compression occurs where two plates _________________________(____________ boundaries)

Shearing Stress that _________ a mass of rock in two

____________ directions

Shearing occurs where two plates ______ past each other (___________

boundaries)

I can explain the three types of

faults

Normal fault The __________ wall slips __________.

Normal faults occur where two plates

________ or ____________

Reverse fault

The ____________ wall moves up and the

__________ moves down.

Reverse faults occur where _____________

pushes the rock of the crust ____________

Strike-Slip faults

Rocks on either ______ of the fault slip past each other ____________ with

little up or down __________.

Strike slip faults happen at ___________boundaries

when _______ occurs.

I can compare and contrast the land

features that result from plate movement

AnticlinesA fold in rock that bends

___________into an _________.

Caused by _____________ forces. Ex. ______________

Mountains in Pennsylvania

Synclines A fold in rock that bends _________________ to form a

____ shape

Also caused by ______________ forces.

Folded Mountains

______________ of two plates causes compression

and ___________ making folded mountains.

The_____________ in Asia and the ______ in Europe are folded mountains.

(rounded curves)

Fault-block Mountains

Mountains formed from ___________ in Earth’s crust

that causes ___________

Rocky Mountains, Sierra Nevada Mountains –

mountains separated by broad ________ and

______________.

Plateaus Large area of flat ____________ land high above ______________

Caused by __________ of large flat blocks of rock.

Ex. 4 corners of USALesson 2

I can describe how the energy of an

earthquake travels through Earth

Earthquake The ___________ and ____________ that results from _______________ of rock beneath Earth’s

surface

Most earthquakes are too ________ to notice. A large quake can crack

open the ground, ______ mountains and cause

great ___________.

Seismic Waves

___________ that travel through Earth carrying

___________released by an earthquake

The _______ and _______of the waves

depend on the _____________l through

which the waves travel.

FocusThe area __________Earth’s surface where rock that was under __________ begins to _______ or ________.

This is the place where the Earthquake is _______________.

I can explain how scientists locate

the epicenter of an earthquake.

Epicenter The ____________ on the surface directly above the

_____________.

P waves ______________ waves, the ______________ waves to

arrive, they __________ and ____________ the ground

like an accordion

P waves can travel through __________ and

_______.Particle motion and

direction of wave is in the __________direction.

S waves ___________ waves, these waves vibrate from

_______________________or __________________

S waves cannot move through ________,

particle motion and direction of wave are

_____________

Surface waves

Waves that occur on the surface of the Earth. Move more __________ than P and

S waves

Can produce severe ground movements,

particle motion is ___________ like in water

I can identify the scales used to measure the

strength of an earthquake.

The Modified Mercalli

Scale

Rates the amount of __________ from an

earthquake. Rated by people’s ______________ –

no ____________ used

Uses __________ numerals, I – XII, to

rate amount of ___________. See picture below

The Richter Scale

Measures an earthquake’s ______________(strength)

based on the ______ of the earthquake’s wave as

recorded by ______________.

Rated from 0 to 9 and above See picture below

The Moment Magnitude

Scale

Scale that rates the total _________ an earthquake _____________ – the rating we usually hear about it.

Each one point increase in the scale = about

___times more energy(ex. A magnitude 6 =

___x as much energy as a magnitude __)

See picture below

Lesson 3

I can explain how seismographs work

seismograph A(n) ____________ that records and measures an

earthquake’s _______ waves

The ______ vibrates which causes the ____ to

record the drum’s ___________

Seismogram The drawing made by a _____________ machine.

I can explain the patterns that

seismographic data reveal

The _______ show that earthquakes often occur along_________________.

Earthquake _____ largely depends on how _______ a given location is to a

plate boundary.

See picture below

Learning Targets Chapter 5

Lesson 1

I can explain how stress in the crust changes Earth’s surface . . .

__________________, _________________________, and ______________________ work over millions of years to change the __________________ and ___________________ of rock.

I can explain the three types of faults . . .

When enough _________________ builds up in a rock, the rock breaks, creating either a ________________________ fault, a ________________________ fault or a _______________________ fault.

I can compare and contrast the land features that result from plate movement . . .

Plate movement can change a flat plain into features such as _________, _________________ mountains, _______________________ mountains and ______________.

Lesson 2

I can describe how the energy of an earthquake travels through Earth . . .

___________ _____________ carry energy produced by an earthquake.

I can explain how scientists locate the epicenter of an earthquake . . .

The amount of earthquake _____________ or __________________ that is felt is rated using the _______________________________ scale. An earthquake’s ________________________ , or size, is measured using the _________________________ scale or the ___________________________________ scale.

I can explain how scientists locate the epicenter of an earthquake.

Geologists use seismic waves like ___ waves, ____ waves and _____________ waves to locate an earthquake’s ___________

Lesson 3

I can explain how seismographs work . . .

Seismic waves cause a simple ___________________________ drum to vibrate which in turn causes the __________ to record the drum’s vibrations.

From past seismographic data, geologists have created ___________ of where earthquakes occur around the world. The maps show that earthquakes often occur along ____________ __________________.

Chapter 6: VOLCANOESLearning Target Vocabulary

Word Definition Facts or Examples Symbol/PictureLesson 1

I can identify where volcanic regions and hot volcanoes are

found on Earth’s surface, and why they are found

there…

volcano a ________________ that forms in Earth’s _________

when molten material reaches the _____________

magma a molten mixture of rock-forming substances,

____________ and water from the ______________

lava when ______________ reaches the ______________

Ring of Fire one major belt of _____________; includes

many volcanoes that rim the __________ Ocean

includes volcanoes along the coasts of North & South America and

those in _______________ and the ________________

diverging boundaries

volcanoes form along the mid-ocean ridges, where

______ plates move _______; form long, underwater

_____________________ that sometimes have a

_________ down their center and also form rift

valleys on land

converging boundaries

many volcanoes form where _______ plates

_______________

through ______, the older, denser plate _____

into the mantle and creates a deep-ocean ________ causing the mantle to partially ______; when this

magma rises up it can break through the ocean floor creating ___________

island arcthe result from

_____________ boundaries can sometimes form a

___________________________

the curve echoes the curve of its

_______________________examples: Japan, New Zealand, Aleutians &

Caribbean islands

hot spotsnot all volcanoes form

along plate boundaries = some from in an area

where material from deep within Earth’s ________

rises through the crust and melts to form ____________

stay in place for __________ of years

example: Yellowstone National Park

LEARNING TARGET

I can identify where volcanic regions and hot volcanoes are found on Earth’s surface, and why they are found there…

Volcanic belts form along the _____________________________ of Earth’s plates.

A volcano forms above a _________________ when magma erupts through the crust and reaches the ____________________.