and agronomy of early sown wheat - farm trials
TRANSCRIPT
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WHICH WHEATS FOR WHEN?
AND
AGRONOMY OF EARLY SOWN WHEAT
Brenda Shackley, Christine Zaicou-Kunesch, Jeremy Curry and Dion Nicol, DPIRD
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What a fantastic view…………
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What a fantastic view…….
Scepter and Mace frosted
But not always the case……
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• At 69%, Scepter/Mace dominates the planned area sown in WA, compared to 15% ANW and 5% for your mid-long varieties.
• Is Scepter/Mace suitable for all sowing times?
• What other varieties are more suitable?
Today’s discussion
• Focus on wheat agronomy trials at Mullewa,
Merredin, Katanning and EDRS in 2018 & 2017
• Sown early April, late April, early May, late May
and June/July
• Also early April sown trials at 4 locations with winter/long
wheats compared at density, delayed N and “grazing”
x
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• A yield penalty can occur if sowing a short-mid variety
too early (April) in the central and southern areas.
• Mid–long varieties have either out yielded or are
equivalent in yield to Scepter in the pre mid May
sowings.
• In frost risk areas
- Use winter/long varieties to minimise frost damage
or
- Don’t sow wheat in April.
Key findings
Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)Which wheats for when?
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This is what the trials look like……Katanning 2018
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This is what the trials look like……Katanning 2018
Which wheats for when?
Agronomy of early sown wheat
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Maximise yields by flowering at the optimum time
Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)Shackley et al, 2019
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Maximise yields by flowering at the optimum time
Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
Different varieties and sowing times
can achieve maximum yields.
Shackley et al, 2019
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Maturity Variety early April late April early May late May mid June
Short Emu Rock -12 -13 -12 -7 -3
Short Vixen -15 -10 -10 -6 -2
Short-mid Devil -8 -5 -3 -1 -1
Short-mid LRBP Havoc -4 -7 -3 -1 -2
Short-mid Mace 0 0 0 0 0
Short-mid Scepter 3 2 3 2 1
Mid-long Magenta 10 6 7 6 7
Mid-long Trojan 15 10 5 4 3
Mid-long Kinsei 16 11 10 6 5
Mid-long Cutlass 26 20 13 10 6
Fast winter Longsword 57 36 21 15 8
Long spring Forrest 59 37 26 19 10
Mid winter Wedgetail 65 43 28 21 15
Winter RGT Accroc/DS Bennett 78 52
Days flowering after/before Mace – Av across 4 sites in 2018
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Mullewa
2017 2018
Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)Shackley et al, 2019
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Mullewa
2017 2018
Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)Shackley et al, 2019
2017 results were influenced strongly by
major August rainfall.
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Mullewa
2017 2018
Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)Shackley et al, 2019
April sowings did not confer a yield advantage
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Mullewa
2017 2018
Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)Shackley et al, 2019
No disadvantage in sowing Cutlass etc before mid May.
Likely to reduce risk of bolting compare short-mid.
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Mullewa
2017 2018
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
Devil similar response to Scepter. Vixen crash in the
long season of 2017
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Mullewa
2017 2018
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
Kinsei similar response to other mid- long varieties
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Merredin
2017 2018
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
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Merredin
2017 2018
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
April emergence was staggered in 2018 with
>60% emerging in May.
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Merredin
2017 2018
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
There is a yield penalty sowing short-mid
varieties in April.
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Merredin
2017 2018
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
Sowing mid-long varieties in April can offer a
yield advantage compared to short-mid varieties.
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Merredin
2017 2018
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
Devil and Vixen have a similar response as Scepter, but
are penalised more early.
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Merredin
2017 2018
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
Kinsei similar response to Cutlass
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Katanning
2017 2018
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
Frost
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Katanning
2017 2018
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
Avoid April sowing due to frost risk –
delaying seeding will likely increase yields.
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Katanning
2017 2018
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
If sowing in April use winter/long wheat OR
OTHER CROP TYPES.
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Katanning
2017 2018
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
Devil similar response to Scepter, but Vixen’s maturity
is too short for April and May.
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Katanning
2017 2018
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
Kinsei similar response to Cutlass
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GIBSON
2017 2018
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
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GIBSON
2017 2018
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
Sowing time previously had little influence on
yield but early powdery mildew infection in
2018 may have limited the yields in early
April.
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GIBSON
2017 2018
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
Mid-long varieties have performed
consistently across season providing an
option for growers to diversify their varieties
when sowing early.
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GIBSON
2017 2018
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
Devil and Vixen achieved higher yield sown late.
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GIBSON
2017 2018
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
Kinsei similar response to Cutlass
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Blackpoint at Gibson
20182017
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Blackpoint at Gibson
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Which wheat when?
Location Major
Constraint
April sowing Early May
sowing
Mid to late May
sowing
Mullewa Bolting/Grain
filling drought/
Blackpoint
Mid-long
eg Cutlass, Trojan
Mid long or
short-mid
Short-mid
eg Scepter or
Devil
Merredin Frost/grain filling
drought
Mid long
eg Cutlass, Trojan
Winter/long for
frost prone areas
Mid long or
short-mid
Short-mid
eg Scepter or
Devil
Katanning Frost Winter/long
eg Wedgetail or
Forrest
Other crops
Mid long
eg Cutlass,
Kinsei
Short-mid
eg Scepter or
Devil
Gibson Quality (PHS, BP) Mid-long
eg Trojan, DS
Pascal or Cutlass
Mid-long or
short-mid
Short-mid
eg Scepter, Devil
(PHS?)
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With early sowing it is highly recommended to
use paddocks that have a low weed burden
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EARLY APRIL SEEDING FOUND
• Different winter/long wheats are required
for different locations.
• Trials found no yield difference with a
lower establishment of 50plants/m² when
sown early April.
• Deferring N until stem elongation
appears a safe option for early sown
wheat.
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• Sowing early can be risky – how can you maximise yield?
• Do you need to worry about low establishment?
• Can you defer N to lower your initial costs
• Grazing is an option - what is the effect of grazing on yield?
• Compared EGA Wedgetail, Longsword
and Forrest
• 50 vs 150 plants/m2
• N timing at seeding or stem elongation
• Plus or minus “grazing”
Where
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Plant density not a big issue affecting production for early sowing.
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
50pl/m2 150pl/m2 50pl/m2 150pl/m2 50pl/m2 150pl/m2 50pl/m2 150pl/m2 50pl/m2 150pl/m2 50pl/m2 150pl/m2
Forrest Longsword EGA Wedgetail
Gibson Katanning Muresk Yuna
Gra
in y
ield
(t/
ha)
Zaciou-Kunesch et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
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Deferred N an opportunity to manage yield
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
Seeding Z31 Seeding Z31 Seeding Z31 Seeding Z31 Seeding Z31 Seeding Z31 Seeding Z31 Seeding Z31 Seeding Z31 Seeding Z31
Forrest Longsword EGA Wedgetail Forrest Longsword EGA Wedgetail Forrest Longsword EGA Wedgetail
Gibson Katanning Muresk Yuna
Gra
in y
ield
(t/
ha)
Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)Zaciou-Kunesch et al, 2019
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Grazing is opportunistic with some yield penalty
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
- + - + - + - + - + - + - + - +
Forrest Longsword EGAWedgetail
Forrest Longsword EGAWedgetail
Gibson Muresk Katanning Yuna
Gra
in y
ield
(t/
ha)
Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)Zaciou-Kunesch et al, 2019
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Grazing length varies with variety and sowing time (Katanning 2018)
Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
Winter wheats reach Z30 ~28 days
later than spring wheats in early April
Shackley et al, 2019
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• A yield penalty can occur if sowing a short-mid variety too early (April) in the central and southern areas.
• Mid–long varieties have either out yielded or are equivalent in yield to Scepter in the pre mid May sowings.
• In frost risk areas, use winter/long varieties to minimise frost damage or don’t sow wheat in April. Remember there are other crop options.
With early April sowing…….
Which wheat when………..
• Trials found no yield differences with a lower establishment of 50plants/m².
• Deferring N until stem elongation appears a safe option for early sown wheat.
Shackley et al, 2019 Tactical wheat agronomy for the west (DPIRD/GRDC)
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Thank you
DPIRD/GRDC co funded project
DAW00249 - Tactical wheat agronomy for the west
Acknowledgements:
DPIRD’s Technical Support Units – Esperance, Geraldton, Katanning, Merredin
Technical officers – Melanie Kupsch, Bruce Haig, Ashleigh Donnison, Rod Bowey, Helen Cooper
Important disclaimer
The Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development and the State of Western Australia accept no liability
whatsoever by reason of negligence or otherwise arising from the use or release of this information or any part of it.
© State of Western Australia 2018