and eclipses the moon. what is the moon? the moon is a natural satellite and reflects light from the...
TRANSCRIPT
And Eclipses And Eclipses
The MoonThe Moon
What is the Moon?What is the Moon?
The moon is a The moon is a natural satellite and natural satellite and reflects light from reflects light from the sun. the sun.
One of more than 96 One of more than 96 moons in our Solar Systemmoons in our Solar System
The only moon of the planet The only moon of the planet EarthEarth
Location, location, location!Location, location, location!
About 384,000 km About 384,000 km (240,000 miles) (240,000 miles) from Earthfrom Earth
3,468 km (2,155 3,468 km (2,155 miles) in diameter miles) in diameter (about ¼ the (about ¼ the size of Earth)size of Earth)
The Moon’s SurfaceThe Moon’s Surface
Almost no Almost no atmosphereatmosphere
No liquid waterNo liquid water Extreme Extreme
temperaturestemperatures Daytime = 130Daytime = 130C C
(265(265°F)°F) Nighttime = -190Nighttime = -190C (-C (-
310 310 F)F) 1/6 that of Earth’s 1/6 that of Earth’s
gravitygravity
Lunar Features - HighlandsLunar Features - Highlands
Mountains up to 7500 Mountains up to 7500 m (25,000 ft) tallm (25,000 ft) tall
Trench-like valleysTrench-like valleys
Lunar Features - CratersLunar Features - Craters Up to 2500 km (1,553 miles) acrossUp to 2500 km (1,553 miles) across Most craters were formed by Most craters were formed by
meteorite impactmeteorite impact on the Moon. on the Moon.
Lunar Features - MariaLunar Features - Maria
Originally thought to Originally thought to be “seas” by early be “seas” by early astronomersastronomers
Maria’s are the Maria’s are the darkest parts of darkest parts of lunar landscapelunar landscape
Mostly basalt rockMostly basalt rock
Maria
Craters
Can you see the rays?
Does this photo show us a limb or terminator line?
Movements of the MoonMovements of the Moon Revolution – Revolution – Moon Moon
orbits the Earth orbits the Earth every 27 1/3 daysevery 27 1/3 days
The moon rises in The moon rises in the east and sets the east and sets in the westin the west
The moon rises and The moon rises and sets 50 minutes sets 50 minutes later each daylater each day
Rotation – Rotation – Moon Moon turns on its axis turns on its axis every 27 daysevery 27 days
Why don’t we Why don’t we ever see the far ever see the far
side of the side of the moon??????moon??????
Far Side of the MoonFar Side of the Moon
First seen by Luna 3 First seen by Luna 3 Russian space Russian space probe in 1959probe in 1959
Surface features are Surface features are different from near different from near side: side: More cratersMore craters Very few mariaVery few maria Thicker crustThicker crust
This line is called the Limb Line. (It is the line formed by the edge of the moon.)
This line is called the terminator Line (it is the line the shadow makes).
1313starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/phases.html
It’s Just a PhaseIt’s Just a Phase Moonlight is reflected Moonlight is reflected
sunlightsunlight Half the moon’s surface is Half the moon’s surface is
always reflecting lightalways reflecting light From Earth we see From Earth we see
different amounts of the different amounts of the Moon’s lit surfaceMoon’s lit surface
The amount of the The amount of the moon seen is called a moon seen is called a “phase”“phase”
Waxing and WaningWaxing and Waning
New moonNew moon Waxing Crescent moonWaxing Crescent moon First Quarter moonFirst Quarter moon Waxing Gibbous moonWaxing Gibbous moon Full moonFull moon Waning Gibbous moonWaning Gibbous moon Third Quarter moonThird Quarter moon Waning Crescent moonWaning Crescent moon New moonNew moon
earth
moon orbit`searth
last (third)quarter
gibbous moon
full moon
gibbous moon
first quarter
crescent
new moon
crescent
waning Moon
waxing Moon
SUN
FULL
QUARTER
CRESCENT
GIBBOUS
FOUR MAIN SHAPES
Earth
Moon
MoonPlane of earth’s orbit
Plane of lunar orbit
1919
EclipsesEclipsesThe Sun and Moon The Sun and Moon
occasionally line up so that occasionally line up so that we have an eclipse. we have an eclipse.
These eclipses happen every These eclipses happen every yearyear
To see a solar eclipse, you To see a solar eclipse, you need to be on a particular part need to be on a particular part of the Earthof the Earth
Lunar Eclipses• The Earth moves between the Sun and the
Moon, blocking the Sun’s light, and causing the moon to glow red.
• Umbra – The dark inner portion of the shadow cone.
• Penumbral – the lighter outer portion of the shadow.
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Three types of Lunar Eclipses
• Penumbral lunar eclipse—the Moon only passes through the penumbra of Earth’s shadow
• Partial lunar eclipse—part of the Moon passes through the umbra of Earth’s shadow
• Total lunar eclipse—the entire Moon passes through the umbra of Earth’s shadow
• Who on Earth will be able to see a lunar eclipse?
Anyone who can see the Moon (anyone who is on the nighttime side of the Earth during the eclipse)
Lunar EclipsesLunar Eclipses
During a Lunar During a Lunar Eclipse the moon Eclipse the moon moves into moves into Earth’s shadow – Earth’s shadow – this shadow this shadow darkens the Moondarkens the Moon
About 2-3 per About 2-3 per year.year.
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Why is the Moon red during an eclipse?
• The Earth’s atmosphere filters some sunlight and allows it to reach the Moon’s surface
• The blue light is removed—scattered down to make a blue sky over those in daytime
• Remaining light is red or orange• Some of this remaining light is bent or
refracted so that a small fraction of it reaches the Moon
• Exact appearance depends on dust and clouds in the Earth’s atmosphere
Total Lunar Eclipse – when the Moon passes completely into the Umbra, or total shadow of the Earth.
Partial Lunar Eclipse – Occur when the Moon does not fully move into the Umbra
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse – When the moon passes only through the penumbra, or partial shadow. They are
barely visible.
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Upcoming Lunar Eclipses
•Oct. 18, 2013, Penumbral eclipse
•Apr 15, 2014, TOTAL ECLIPSE –visible here
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Solar Eclipses• When the Moon’s shadow covers part of the Earth• Only happens at New Moon• Three types: Annular, Partial, and Total
Solar EclipsesSolar Eclipses
Moon moves Moon moves between Earth and between Earth and SunSun
Moon casts a Moon casts a shadow on part of shadow on part of the Earththe Earth
TotalTotal eclipses rare – eclipses rare – only once every 360 only once every 360 years from one years from one location!location!
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Total Solar Eclipse• Observers in the “umbra” shadow see a total eclipse ;can see the
corona.• Those in “penumbra” see a partial.• Only lasts a few minutes
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Upcoming Solar Eclipses• Nov. 13, 2012, total eclipse—not visible in USA• May 10, 2013, annular eclipse—not visible in
USA• Next Total Solar Eclipse in continental USA—
August 21, 2017 – Kentucky
How often do Eclipses Happen?
• That depends!! Lunar Eclipses happen more often than Solar Eclipses.
• Why? Well everyone who is experiencing nighttime during a lunar eclipse can see it.
• But you have to be at the exact spot on Earth to see a Solar Eclipse.
• The spot on Earth is so small, that the same place only sees a Solar Eclipse every 350 years!!
The TidesThe Tides
Tides are caused by the pull of Moon’s gravity Tides are caused by the pull of Moon’s gravity on Earth.on Earth.
High tide –High tide – Side facing Moon and side directly opposite from the Side facing Moon and side directly opposite from the
Moon. Moon. Every 12 hours 25 ½ minutes.Every 12 hours 25 ½ minutes.
Low tide –Low tide – On sides of Earth not in line with the moon.On sides of Earth not in line with the moon.
Exploring the Exploring the MoonMoon
1950s to 1960s - 1950s to 1960s - probesprobes
Neil Armstrong Neil Armstrong First man on First man on the Moon – July the Moon – July 20, 196920, 1969
Six Apollo missions Six Apollo missions (1969-1972)(1969-1972) 382 kg (842 lbs) 382 kg (842 lbs)
rocksrocks 12 Americans have 12 Americans have
walked on the moonwalked on the moon
Moon base of the future?Moon base of the future?
What would you need to live there?What would you need to live there?
Name this phase!
Full Moon
Name these features.
Name these
features.
Craters
Maria
Does this image show us the near side or far side of the moon?
Far SideHow can you tell?
Is this line the limb or terminator?
Is this line the limb or terminator?
Limb
Terminator
Name this phase!
First Quarter
Does this image show the near side or the far side of the moon?
Near Side
From what direction does the moon rise?
The East
What might be happening in this image?
Lunar Eclipse
Is this line the limb or the terminator?
Limb
Name this phase!
Full Moon
Name this phase!
New Moon
Does the moon rise or set in the west?
It sets in the west.
