Andreas Berg Storsve PhD, Director R&D

THE IMPORTANCE OF KNOWING YOUR OMEGA-3 INDEX:

RECENT FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PUBLIC

HEALTH

PEOPLE MATTER PLANET MATTERS PROFIT MATTERS

UN DESA report: “World Population Prospects: The 2015 Revision”

The Global Footprint Network: “World Footprint 2015”

SINTEF: “Marine ressurser – et kjempepotensial for Norge” 14.april 2015

9.7Billion people

42% 22.2USD trillionhealthcare cost –lifestyle diseases

2xNumber of people >60 years of age

Obesity rate

in US population

United Nations World Ocean Assessment

UiT: E.Elvevoll, “Food from the Oceans – nutritious and safe food”, April 16

2%of foodconsumptionfrom oceans70%

of the planetis coveredby oceans 0.5%

FDA approvedpharmaceuticalsfrom oceans

The Ocean is part of the solution

OMEGA-3PREVENTS LIFESTYLE

DISEASES (NCD’S)

Spent Saved*

9000 PUBLISHED PAPERS ON

PREVENTIVE EFFECTS

*Frost & Sullivan, 2016

The Omega-3 Index

Harris WS and von Schacky C. Prev Med 2004;39:212-220.

Meta-Analysis: Omega-3 Index as a Predictor of Risk for Fatal Coronary Heart Disease(10 studies worldwide - over 27,000 subjects)

Harris WS, et al. Atherosclerosis 2017;262:51-54

Risk for fatal CHD was 35% lower in persons with an

Omega-3 Index of 8% compared with those with

an Index of 4%

Omega-3 Index

Krill oil contains Phospholipid-bound DHA and EPA and is a good source of Choline

Triglyceride (fish oils) Phospholipids (krill oil)

MembraneFat cell

• Non-polar

• Hydrophobic – does NOT mix with water

• Polar

• Hydrophilic - mixes with water

Function

Characteristics

• Main structural component in all cell membranes• Energy storage

Structural form

Fatty acids

Glycerol

Choline

Phosphate

Glycerol

Fatty acids

10

Human studies indicate a significantly higher increase in Omega-3 Index with phospholipids (krill oil) than with triglycerides (fish oil)

Increased uptake in red

blood cells

Ramprasath et al., Lipids Health Dis. 2013, 12;178

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Krill oil Fish oil Corn oil

Om

ega-

3 In

dex

(%)

Absolute values (Mean±SD)

Baseline End-point

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Ch

ange

in O

meg

a-3

Ind

ex

(% p

oin

ts)

Mean change, corrected for EPA+DHA dosep<0.0001Treatment

• 4-weeks of daily intake

• 8-weeks wash-out between treatments

• 3g krill oil or fish oil, but EPA+DHA was 17% higher in krill oil than in fish oil

• 3g corn oil as placebo

Subjects

24 Healthy male and female subjects (12m, 12f)

Study overviewSingle center, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized two-way crossover study

11

12

Normal Alzheimers

13

Measuring the human brain

14

Longitudinal cortical decline with advancing age

Storsve et al. (2014), J Neurosci

15

Temporal cortex Frontal cortex

Storsve et al. (2014), J Neurosci

The Temporal Cortex is especially vulnerable to ageing. However, there is huge individual variability in rate of decline.

16

Walhovd, Storsve et al. (2014), Neurobiol Aging

17

Pottala et al., 2014, Neuron

Hippocampus volume is related to Omega-3 Index

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Higher brain incorporation of PUFAs1 in phospholipid than triglyceride form

DHA uptake in rat brain1

2,6

1,2

x 2,2

PLTG

• Study on DHA incorporation into rat brain after administration of radiolabelled DHA in the form of PL or TG

• Single oral dose

• 10 weeks of age

1. Graf B.A., et al. 2010. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 83:89-962. Liu L., et al 2014. J Lipid Res, E-pub Jan 27

[kBq/g tissue]Incorporation

of labeled DHA

DHA uptake in piglet brain2

• Study on DHA incorporation into piglet brain after administration of radiolabelled DHA in the form of PL or TG

• Single oral dose

• 16 days of age

PL

0,21

TG

0,40

x 1,9

[kBq/g tissue]

Incorporation of labeled

DHA

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The Rangers trial will investigate effects of high dose Superba BoostTM on resiliency (resistance to stress) and performance

…improve overall and individual performance during IBOLC?

…reduce incidence of adverse emotional and psychological events during IBOLIC, Ranger and 1 –month post -Ranger?

…improve neuropsychological functioning under stressed conditions?

…reduce rate of failure rate during Ranger ?

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic mani-festation of metabolic syndrome, affecting 75m Americans

22

Untreated NAFLD can progress into NASH, and subsequently permanent liver damage, cirrhosis and liver cancer

Steatosis Steatohepatitis

Development of liver disease in metabolic syndrome. Choline deficiency a central factor.

Reversible through lifestyle changesSuperba may maintain/restore healthy liver

Disease, permanent damage and progressionSuperba may reduce inflammation and severity

Dysregulated cholesterol homeostasis is a hallmark of NAFLD, and can be restored by krill oil supplementation in NHP

Total

cholesterol

LDL

HDL

Data presented are control-adjusted mean values

Hals et al., Lipids Health Dis. 2017, 16; 11

Superba BoostTM qualifies for three EU-authorized Choline claims. Continuing work on NAFLD with TNO Netherlands.

• Choline contributes to the maintenance of normal liver function

• Choline contributes to normal lipid metabolism

• Choline contributes to normal homocysteine metabolism

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Om

ega-

3 In

dex

Time (weeks)

Control no. 1 Control no. 2 Control no. 3

Treated no. 1 Treated no. 2 Treated no. 3

50 mg/kg/d 150 mg/kg/d 450 mg/kg/d Wash-out

Omega-3 Index following administration of Krill oil (PL98)

to NHPs

Hals et al., Lipids Health Dis. 2017, 16; 16

Get your Omega-3 Index measured at our stand! Hall 11.1, StandD62