Andreas Pospischil

1

v Introductionv Swiss canine

cancer registryv Comparing data

from dogs & humans in Switzerland

v Geographic distribution of canine cancer in Switzerland

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Companion animal epidemiological study lacks

companion animal data since current and prior

veterinary registries are few in number and scattered

[Broenden et al. 2007]

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Why pet models for human cancer?

• Pets , i.e. dogs & cats closely share human environment

• Genetic/phenotypic analogy of many human and canine / feline tumour types

• First world countries: veterinary medical care of dogs and cats largely comparable to human medical care (diagnostic procedures, surgery,, drug treatment) 4

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Institution Start Duration Entries SpeciesKansas University Neoplasm Registry Records 1961 11 yrs 4.124 Dogs,

horses

California Animal Neoplasm Registry 1963 3 yrs 30 Dogs, cats

Tulsa Registry of Canine and Feline Neoplasms 1972 5 yrs - Dogs,

catsPurdue Comparative Oncology Program 1979 - 20  

Cancer Registry and Surveillance System Compan. Animals 1980 ongoing 170  Dogs

Norwegian cancer project 1990 ongoing 14.401 Dogs, cats

VetCancer Registry 1994 ongoing - Dogs, cats

Danish Veterinary Cancer Registry 2005 ongoing 1 Dogs, cats

Animal Tumour Registry Genova 1985  7 years 6.743  Dogs

Animal Tumour Registry north. Italy 20053 yrs, tel.

survey

2.509 (dog); 494

(cat)

Dogs, cats

Canine Cancer Registry, northwest. Italy 2001 7 yrs 1.175 Dogs

Some published animal cancer registries

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• Cancer data sources for canine and feline patients in Switzerland

• Canine population & breed distribution in Switzerland 7

Canine / feline cancer patient data sources

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SourceTime

periodExamination

type DogCat

IVPZ 1955-1964p. m. (hand

written) X

IVPZ 1964-1988p. m. / biopsy

(punch cards) X XIVPZ 1989-2008 p. m. X XIVPZ 1989-2008 biopsy X XIVPZ 1992-2008 cytology X X

private lab. 2007-2009 biopsy X X

ITP Berne 1995-1999 biopsy X XITP Berne 1983-1999 p. m. X X

KEYDEX punch card

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3`000 cards

converted into a digital

database40 x 40 cm

Data Swiss canine & feline cancer registry: patients

Species (time period)

Patients total (n)

Cancer patients

(n / %)

Dogs (1955 – 2008)

121.964

63.21451%

Cats (1965 – 2008) 51.32217.856

39%10

WHO: International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd

Edition (ICD-O-3), 2000

Used principally in human cancer registries for coding the site (topography) and the histology (morphology) of neoplasms, usually obtained from a pathology report.

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Data on canine population and breeds in Switzerland (1953 - 2008)

Continuous increase of canine population from

n = 308.979 (1955)

to

n = 506.616 (2008)12

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Number of dogs per 100 inhabitants in Switzerland

Summary / introduction

• Case numbers for dogs sufficient for an incidence study

• Case numbers for dogs and the availability of population data (CH: since 2006) sufficient for an in depth epidemiologic study

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v Introductionv Swiss canine

cancer registryv Comparing data

from dogs humans in Switzerland

v Geographic distribution of canine cancer in Switzerland

15

Swiss Canine Cancer Registry: DVM thesis: Katrin Grüntzig

Geographic distribution in Switzerland: PhD thesis in geography: Gianluca Boo

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From: Withrow and MacEwen's: Small Animal Clinical Oncology, 2012

Age dependant tumor incidence (OR) of dogs compared to patients under one year of age (OR 1)

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Cancer in canine breeds (OR)

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Mammary glandSkin

Soft tissue

GI tract

Male sex organs

Resp. organs, heartSpleen, bone marrow

Bone, joints

Endocrine glands

Oral cavity, pharynx

Mammary gland

Mammary gland

Probability (OR) for purebreds to develop a tumor compared to crossbreeds and risk to develop a malignant

tumor vs. no tumor – pure breeds compared to crossbreeds

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Tumor Malignant tumor

Number of obs 90,085

Clinically moderately relevant

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Clinically moderately

relevant

Breed risk to develop a malignant tumor (Odds ratio, OR)

Risk (OR) to develop a mammary gland tumour pure-breed vs. mixed breed dogs

(OR1).

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Clinically strongly relevant

Risk (OR) to develop a skin tumor pure-breed vs. mixed breed dogs (OR1)

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Clinically strongly relevant

Clinically weakly relevant

v Introductionv Swiss canine

cancer registryv Comparing data

from dogs & humans in Switzerland

v Geographic distribution of canine cancer in Switzerland

26

27

Comparing cancer data from dogs & humans

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Comparing canine to human tumor locations; significantly more canine

tumors in:Oral cavity & pharynx

Anus & analcanal

bone, cartilage, joints

Connective tissue

Mamma

Testis29

Comparing canine to human tumor locations; significantly less canine tumors

in:Stomach

Intestine

Liver, gallbladder

Pancreas

Lung

Melanoma

Ovary

Prostata

Kidney

Thyroid 30

v Introductionv Swiss canine

cancer registryv Comparing data

from dogs & humans in Switzerland

v Geographic distribution of canine cancer in Switzerland

31

Swiss Canine Cancer Registry: DVM thesis: Katrin Grüntzig

Geographic distribution in Switzerland: PhD thesis in geography: Gianluca Boo

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Canine cancer patients per Swiss Kanton

Canine patients / Swiss Kanton

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Canine tumor incidence in Switzerland

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Canine cancer incidences in Switzerland

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6-73-5210No data

Cancer incidences(Quantiles)

“Identify structural zeros and filter them out from models of canine cancer incidence. Assess changes in the statistical associations associated with the filtering step”.

Boo G, Leyk S, Fabrikant SI, Graf R and Pospischil A. 2016. Assessing effects of structural zeros on models of canine cancer incidence: a case study of the Swiss Canine Cancer Registry. [Submitted to Geospatial Health].

Human cancer incidence in Switzerland

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Age Standardized Rates per 100.000 Person Years

Male 2006-2010 Female 2006-2010

Quelle: NICER

Studies using companion animals to investigate environmental

causes of cancer (Bukowski and Wartenberg 1997)

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Study Type DiseaseBuck 1979 Prevalence

comparison Tonsilar carcinoma

Ragland 1967 Prevalence comparison

Pulmonary changes

Reif and Cohen 1970 Crude Case-control Tonsillary carcinomaReif and Cohen 1971 Mortality correlation Bladder cancerHayes et al. 1981 Crude case-control MesotheliomaHarbison and Godleski 1983

Case-control Mesothelioma

Glickman et al. 1983 Case-control Bladder cancerGlickman et al. 1989 Prevalence

comparaison Seminoma

Hayes et al. 1990 Case-control LymphomaReif et al. 1992 Case-control Lung cancerReif et al. 1995 Case-control Lymphoma

AcknowledgementKatrin Grüntzig, Ramona

Graf, Michael Hässig, Franco Guscetti, Gianluca Boo, 39