android
DESCRIPTION
Android Mobile Operating SystemTRANSCRIPT
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Name : Prajapati Brijesh
Branch : Information Technology
Sem : 5th
Year : 2011
Collage : Grow More Faculty Of Engineering
Contact : 9909990610
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OUR TOPIC IS
.….
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Main topics
1.Introduction2.Platform3.Software development4.Reference
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1.Introduction What is Android?
Android is an operating system for mobile devices such as Smartphone's and tablet computers. It is developed by the Open Handset Alliance (OHA) led by Google.
Google purchased the initial developer of the software, Android Incorporated in 2005.
Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, United States in October, 2003 by Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears and Chris White to develop, in Rubin's words.
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• A software platform and operating system for mobile devices
• Based on the Linux kernel
• Developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)
• Allows writing managed code in the Java language
• Possibility to write applications in other languages and compiling it to ARM native code.
• Unveiling of the Android platform was announced on 5 November 2007 with the founding of OHA
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The Android operating system consists of 12 million lines of code including 3 million lines of XML, 2.8 million lines of C, and 2.1 million lines of Java.
The first publicly available application was the Snake game.
On 18 August 2008 the Android 0.9 SDK beta was released.
On 23 September 2008 the Android 1.0 SDK was released.
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What is the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)?
The Open Handset Alliance (OHA) is a business alliance of firms to develop open standard for mobile devices.
Member firms include Google, HTC, Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, Texas Instruments, Samsung, LG, T-Mobile, Nvidia, and Wind River Systems.
established on 5 November 2007 10 mobile operators 13 software companies 15 semiconductor producers 13 handset producers 8 system integrators
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Open Handset Alliance (OHA) included several companies
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2. Platform
2.1 Hardware
Android is not a single piece of hardware; it's a complete, end-to-end software platform that can be adapted to work on any number of hardware configurations. Everything is there, from the boot loader all the way up to the applications.
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2.2 Operating Systems
• Android uses Linux for its device drivers, memory management, process management, and networking.
• The next level up contains the Android
native libraries. They are all written in C/C++ internally, but you’ll be calling them through Java interfaces. In this layer you can find the Surface Manager, 2D and 3D graphics, Media codecs, the SQL database, and a native web browser engine.
• Dalvik Virtual Machine. Dalvik runs dex
files, which are converted at compile time from standard class and jar files.
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Android Platform Versions Android 1.0 (Beta) Android 1.1 (Beta1.1) Android 1.5 (Cupcake) Android 1.6 (Donut) Android 2.0/2.1 (Eclair) Android 2.2 (Froyo) Android 2.3/ 2.3.3/ 2.3.4/ 2.3.5/ 2.3.6/ 2.3.7 (Gingerbread) Android3.0/3.1 (Honeycomb) Android 4.0 and up to… (IceCream Sandwich)
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Data collected during a
14-day period
ending on September
2, 2011
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Google Android Platform
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2.3 Network ConnectivityIt supports wireless communications using:
GSM mobile-phone technology
3G (7.2 Mbps HSDPA; 384 kbps HSUPA)
Edge (560 kbps)
Wi-Fi networks (802.11)
GPRS (114 kbps)
GPS Support ( A-GPS with Google Map)
Bluetooth v3 (A2DP, FTP, OPP, PBAP)
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2.4 Security
Android is a multi-process system, in which each application (and parts of the system) runs in its own process. Most security between applications and the system is enforced at the process level through standard Linux facilities, such as user and group IDs that are assigned to applications.
Additional finer-grained security features are provided through a "permission" mechanism that enforces restrictions on the specific operations that a particular process can perform, and per-URI permissions for granting ad-hoc access to specific pieces of data.
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2.5 Performance
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Android Faster Page Loaded
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2.6 Future possibilities
• Google Android Sales to Overtake iPhone in 2012
• The OHA is committed to make their vision a reality: to deploy the Android platform for every mobile operator, handset manufacturers and developers to build innovative devices
• Intel doesn’t want to lose ownership of the netbook market, so they need to prepare for anything, including Android
• Fujitsu launched an initiative to offer consulting and engineering expertise to help run Android on embedded hardware, which aside from cell phones, mobile internet devices, and portable media players, could include GPS devices, thin-client computers and set-top boxes.
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Android Software Support
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3. Software development
3.1 Development requirements
• Java
• Android SDK
• Eclipse IDE (optional)
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Design Coding Testing
Release Process
Errors?DesignError?
No
Yes
No
Yes
Android Software development Diagram
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3.2 IDE and Tools Android SDK • Class Library• Developer Tools
dx – Dalvik Cross-Assembler aapt – Android Asset Packaging Tool adb – Android Debug Bridge ddms – Dalvik Debug Monitor Service
• Emulator and System Images • Documentation and Sample Code
Eclipse IDE + ADT (Android Development Tools) • Reduces Development and Testing Time• Makes User Interface-Creation easier• Makes Application Description Easier
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3.3 Programming Language(s)
• Java – officially supported
• C/C++ – also possible but not supported
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Business Features : Document Viewer, Pushmail
Call Features : Conference Call
Video Calling : Yes
Operating Freq : GSM - 850, 900, 1800, 1900; UMTS – 2100
Music Supports : MP3, WAV, MIDI
Video Supports : 3GP, MP4, WMV, AVI, Xvid
Other android features
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Android Application Support
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ANDROID
SUPPORT
APPLICATION
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http://wikipedia.org http://www.android.com http://developer.android.com http://www.openhandsetalliance.com http://android-developers.blogspot.com http://www.anddev.org
4.Reference
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Thank’s
for attending
our seminar