anesthesia for lung transplantation
DESCRIPTION
GKK. ANESTHESIA FOR LUNG TRANSPLANtaTION. KAPLAN’S CARDIAC ANESTHESIA 5 TH EDITION 26/845-865. FACTS. Lung transplants annual frequency-500 {UNOS} Mortality -13.6% DLT/12.6% SLT {1991} 3 year survival rate – 60% {1995} - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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KAPLAN’S CARDIAC ANESTHESIA
5TH EDITION
26/845-865
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FACTS
Lung transplants annual frequency-500 {UNOS}
Mortality -13.6% DLT/12.6% SLT {1991} 3 year survival rate – 60% {1995} Post transplant factors - infection,
bronchiolitis obliterans, immunosuppressive therapy.
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Donor selection
Trauma victims with lung contusion < 30% of a lobe
CT, X’ray, ABG, sputum stain Graft harvest- perfused with
NTG,DNS,PGE & inflated & immersed in ice cold saline baggage.
Lung preservation time 6-8 hrs.
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RECIPIENT SELECTION
ESLD-End Stage Lung Disease + life expectancy >2 years
No extra pulmonary infections No serious medical illness Relative contra indications-previous
thoracotomy, steroid dependence, advanced age.
Cystic fibrosis-a challenge
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Types of transplantations
Single lung transplantation-mostly
Double lung transplantation-cystic fibrosis,Ch bronchiectasis
Lobar transplantation-children & young adult with living related donors.
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RECIPIENT PREPARATION
Pre transplant evaluation-multi disciplinary assessment
Investigations -Basics, CT lung, PFT, ECHO.
Physical conditioning regimen-reverse muscle atropy,maintaining BMI ± 20%
Re evaluation – present clinical status, biochemical,abg, echo.
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PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION Lung separation – DLT,Bronchial blocker CPB Unit Anesthesia ventilator + PCV Deferential lung ventilation PAC-to know RVEF TEE
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ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT INDUCTION
Avoid myocardial depression
Avoid RV afterload increase
Avoid lung hyperinflation
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ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT MAINTENANCE One lung Ventilation Pneumothorax –Detection & Management Trail PA ligation CPB prior to PA ligation in severe PHT RVF management- Avoid increase in intra thoracic pressure, Increase in preload, Inodilators-Dobutamine,milrinone α agonists to maintain RV coronary perfusion pr, Pulmonary vasodilators- Pg E1 {0.05- 0.15µg/kg/min},NO {20-40ppm}
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ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT MAINTENANCE CPB indication- CI< 2L, SvO2<60%, MAP<60mmHg SaO2<85%, pH<7
After transplant- Native lung add dead space ventilation Exaggerated broncho constriction response Impairment of mucocilliary function
ECMO
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SURGICAL PROCEDURE Postrolateral / antrolateral thoracotomy Ipsilateral femoral for CPB Diseased lung removal Retaining long PA Allograft placement-Bronchial
anastomosis,PA anastomosis, LA patching
Pulmonoplegia, gluco corticoids Reperfusion of lung
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POSTOP MANAGEMENT Post Perfusion Pulmonary edema- strict
fluid management, diuretics Pulmonary venous obstruction-TEE PA narrowing-TEE Pneumothorax-in native lung Hyper acute graft rejection- hypoxia,
pulmonary infiltration, poor lung compliance, PHT, RVF.
Infection Bronchiolitis obliterans
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THANK YOU
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