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  Brand Name: Generic name:

Y? Aspirin

Therapeutic

Effect

Decreased incidence of transient

ischemic attacks and MI

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity, bleeding disorders or

thrombocytopenia, children or adolescents with

viral infections.Action/

Pharmakinetics !

Produce analgesia and reduce

inflammation and fever by

inhibiting the production of

 prostaglandins. Decreases platelet

aggregation.

Toxic/SE:

Dyspepsia, epigastric distress, nausea,

abdominal pain, anemia, hemolysis

Intervention/

 Nursing

implications

Patients who have asthma, allergies, and nasal polyps or who are allergic to tartrazine

are at an increased risk for developing hypersensitivity. Prolongs bleeding time for 4-

7 days and, in large doses, may cause prolonged prothrombin time. Monitor

hematocrit periodically in prolonged high-dose therapy to assess for GI blood loss.

Caution patient to avoid taking concurrently with acetaminophen or NSAIDs for

more than a few days, unless directed by health care professional to prevent

analgesic nephropathy. Advise patients receiving aspiring prophylactically to take

only prescribed dose.

Safe Dose 50-325 mg once daily (prevention of transient ischemic attacks)

Time

/Therapeutic level

Onset Peak Duration

5-30 min 1-3 hr 3-6 hour

Brand Name: Generic name:

Y? nitroglycerin

Therapeutic

Effect

Relief or prevention of angina

attacks. Increased cardiac

output. Reduction of blood

 pressure

Contraindications:

Hypersensitivity, server anemia, pericardial

tampanade. Use cautiously in head trauma or

cerebral hemorrhage, glaucoma, hypertrophic

cardiomyopathy.

Action/

Pharmakinetics !

Acute and long-term

 prophylactic management of

angina pectoris. Increases

coronary blood flow by dilating

coronary arteries and improvingcollateral flow to ischemic

regions. Produces vasodilation.

Decreases left ventricular end-

diastolic pressure and left

ventricular end-diastolic volume

(preload).

Toxic/SE:

Dizziness, headache, hypotension, tachycardia,

syncope. Use with any other nitrates in any form

in contraindicated.

May cause increase urine catecholamine andvanillylmadelic acid concentrations.

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Intervention/

 Nursing

implications

Assess location, duration, intensity, and pr ecipitating factors of patient’s angina pain.

Monitor blood pressure and pulse before and after administration. For acute angina

attacks: advise patient to sit down and use medication at first fign of attack. Relief

usually occurs within 5 min. dose may be repeated within 5-10 min.

Safe Dose SL adults: 0.3-0.6 mg, may repeat every 5 min for 2 additional doses.

Time/Therapeutic level

Onset Peak Duration

1-3 min Unknown 30-60 min

Brand Name: Generic name:

Y? Morphine morphine

Therapeutic

Effect

Decrease in severity of pain. Contraindications:

Some products contain tartrazine, bisulfites, or

alcohol and should be avoided in patients with

hypersensitivity.

Action/Pharmakinetics !

Binds to opiate receptors in CNS.Alters the perception of and

response to painful stimuli while

 producing generalized CNS

depression

Toxic/SE:Confusion, sedation, hypotension, constipation,

 N & V, itching, sweating.

Intervention/

 Nursing

implications

Use with extreme caution for patients on MAOI. Assess pain (type, location, level of

 pain) prior to and 1 hour following administration, 20 min for IV. Assess level of

consciousness, and vital signs before and periodically during administration. Assess

 bowel function routinely. For PO, give with food or milk to minimize GI irritation.

For IV: administer with at least 5 mL of sterile H2o or 0.9% NaCl and administer 2.5

 –  15 mg over 5 min. rapid administration may lead to respiratory depression,

hypotension, and circulatory collapse. Instruct family not to administer PCA to

sleeping patient

Safe Dose PO: starting dose 30mg q 3-4 hr. IV: 4-10 mg q 3-4 hr.

Time

/Therapeutic level

Onset Peak Duration

PO: unknown

IM: 10-30 min

IV: rapid

60 min

30-60 min

20 min

4-5 hr

4-5 hr

4-5 hr

Morphine IV administration:

administer 2.5-15 mg over 5 min. rapid administration may lead to increased respiratory depression,hypotension, and circulatory collapse.

Concentration: 0.5-5mg/ml