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Angiosperms Earth’s dominant plants

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Page 1: Angiosperms Earth’s dominant plants. Angiosperm Characteristics Vascular Flowering plants Double fertilization Seeds are covered in a fruit Dominant sporophyte

Angiosperms

Earth’s dominant plants

Page 2: Angiosperms Earth’s dominant plants. Angiosperm Characteristics Vascular Flowering plants Double fertilization Seeds are covered in a fruit Dominant sporophyte

Angiosperm Characteristics

Vascular

Flowering plants

Double fertilization

Seeds are covered in a fruit

Dominant sporophyte generation

Xylem – vessel elements

Phloem – sieve tube elements

Page 3: Angiosperms Earth’s dominant plants. Angiosperm Characteristics Vascular Flowering plants Double fertilization Seeds are covered in a fruit Dominant sporophyte

2 Largest Classes

Monocots

Grasses, corn, palms

Mainly herbaceous

Parallel veins in leaves

Flower parts – multiples of 3

Seed – 1 cotyledon, endosperm

Eudicots

Roses, sunflowers, maples

Herbaceous or woody

Branched veins

Flowers – multiples of 4 or 5

Seed – 2 cotyledons

Page 4: Angiosperms Earth’s dominant plants. Angiosperm Characteristics Vascular Flowering plants Double fertilization Seeds are covered in a fruit Dominant sporophyte

Flowers

Reproductive part of angiosperms

4 parts: sepals, petals, stamens, carpels

Complete vs. Incomplete flowers

Perfect vs. Imperfect flowers

Page 5: Angiosperms Earth’s dominant plants. Angiosperm Characteristics Vascular Flowering plants Double fertilization Seeds are covered in a fruit Dominant sporophyte
Page 6: Angiosperms Earth’s dominant plants. Angiosperm Characteristics Vascular Flowering plants Double fertilization Seeds are covered in a fruit Dominant sporophyte

Reproduction

Pollination Wind Water Pollinators

Double Fertilization

Germination

Page 7: Angiosperms Earth’s dominant plants. Angiosperm Characteristics Vascular Flowering plants Double fertilization Seeds are covered in a fruit Dominant sporophyte

What happens in the anther?

Pollen sac contains many microsporocytes Meiosis 4 haploid microspores

Each microspore pollen grain (immature male gametophyte

Each pollen grain contains 2 cells: Tube cell Generative cell

Anther splits – sheds pollen

Page 8: Angiosperms Earth’s dominant plants. Angiosperm Characteristics Vascular Flowering plants Double fertilization Seeds are covered in a fruit Dominant sporophyte
Page 9: Angiosperms Earth’s dominant plants. Angiosperm Characteristics Vascular Flowering plants Double fertilization Seeds are covered in a fruit Dominant sporophyte

What happens in the pistil?

Each ovule in ovary contains megasporocyte Meiosis 4 haploid megaspores 3 megaspores disintegrate Remaining megaspore divides gametophyte

(aka embryo sac)

Gametophyte contains 7 cells w/ 8 nuclei Egg cell contains 1 nucleus Large center cell contains 2 polar nuclei

Page 10: Angiosperms Earth’s dominant plants. Angiosperm Characteristics Vascular Flowering plants Double fertilization Seeds are covered in a fruit Dominant sporophyte
Page 11: Angiosperms Earth’s dominant plants. Angiosperm Characteristics Vascular Flowering plants Double fertilization Seeds are covered in a fruit Dominant sporophyte

Double Fertilization

Pollen lands on sticky stigma Tube cell forms pollen tube through style into

ovary Generative cell divides 2 sperm cells

Double Fertilization 1 sperm fertilizes egg zygote embryo 1 sperm fuses with both polar nuclei 3n cell

endosperm

Page 12: Angiosperms Earth’s dominant plants. Angiosperm Characteristics Vascular Flowering plants Double fertilization Seeds are covered in a fruit Dominant sporophyte

Seed and Fruit Formation Ovule develops into seed

Ovary wall enlarges Ripens into fruit

Flower parts fall off

Fruits: Protect seeds from dessication Aid in dispersal

Page 13: Angiosperms Earth’s dominant plants. Angiosperm Characteristics Vascular Flowering plants Double fertilization Seeds are covered in a fruit Dominant sporophyte

Success of Flowering Plants

Seeds an advantage over spores

Cross-pollination – increases variation

Animals disperse pollen and fruit farther than wind

Page 14: Angiosperms Earth’s dominant plants. Angiosperm Characteristics Vascular Flowering plants Double fertilization Seeds are covered in a fruit Dominant sporophyte

Efficient xylem Vessel elements

Broad leaves efficient photosynthesis

Abscission Reduces water loss

Adaptability of sporophyte generation


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