Kingdom Animalia

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Animals are

Multicellular

Eukaryotic

Heterotrophic

Cells lack cell walls

~ Characteristics ~

Have a nervous system to respond to their environment

Locomotion relates to ability to obtain food

Most animals develop from a zygotebecoming a

A single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled space forming a hollow ball of cells called a gastrula.

~ Body Plans ~

Animals that are irregular in shape are asymmetrical.

Animals that are regular in shape are symmetrical.

~ Body Plans ~

An animal has radial symmetry if it can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into equal halves.

An animal has bilateral symmetry if it can be divided down its length into similar right and left halves forming mirror images of each other.

Which figure has bilateral symmetry? Which has radial symmetry?

~ Protection and Support ~ Though not all animals have a skeleton,

those that do can be divided into two groups:

– Those with an exoskeleton – a hard, waxy coating on the outside of the body that protects internal organs, provides a framework for support, and a place for muscle attachment.

– Those with an endoskeleton – support framework within the body that protects some organs and a brace for muscles to pull against.

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Major Phyla

Porifera – Sponges

Cnidaria – Corals and Jellyfish

Platyhelminthes – Flatworms

Nematoda – Roundworms

Mollusca – Clams and Octopus

Annelida – Earthworms

Arthropoda – Insects, Spiders, and Crabs

Echinodermata – Starfish and Sea Urchins

Chordata – Vertebrates including Mammals

~Invertebrates~

8 main phyla

No backbones

95% of all animals are in this group

~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~

Sponges

simplest form of animal life

live in water

Do not move around

no symmetry

Pores (holes) all over body

5000 species

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Porifera

Simple animals

Live anchored to a rock or the ocean bottom

Marine or freshwater

Filter-feeders

Radial symmetry

Lack tissues or organ system

~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~

Filter Feeders: a sponge filters particles of food from water using collar cells and then pumps the water out the osculum.

~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~

Examples: Tube Sponge, Glass Sponge, Sea Sponge

~InvertebratePhylum Cnidaria~

Live in water

Most have tentacles

catch food with stinging cells

gut for digesting

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Cnidaria

Named for their stinging cells

Marine or freshwater

Carnivorous

Radial symmetry

Hydrostatic Skeleton

Jellyfish, hydra, obelia, Portuguese man-of war, sea anemone, and corals

~InvertebratePhylum Cnidaria~

2 different shapes

Medusa - like a jellyfish

Polyp - like a hydra

~InvertebratePhylum Cnidaria~

Examples -Jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones, and corals

~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~

Flatworms

Flat, ribbon-like body

Live in water or are parasites

bilateral symmetry

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Platyhelminthes

Flattened bodies

Lack an anus

Bilateral symmetry

Simplest animals to exhibit cephalization

Flatworms, flukes, and tapeworms

CDC

~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~

Examples: Planaria

eyespots detect light

food and waste go in and out the same opening

~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~

Examples: Tapeworm

Parasite that lives in intestines of host absorbing food

~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~

Examples: Fluke

parasite

lives inside

of host

~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~

Roundworms

– Round, tubular body

– small or microscopic

– bilateral symmetry

– have both a mouth and anus

– Live in water or are parasites

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Nematoda

Free living in soil or water with many parasitic forms

Bilateral symmetry

Most have a digestive tract with two openings

Hookworms, pinworms, ascaris, and trichinosis worm

CDC

CDC

CDC

~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~

Examples:

– Hookworm

– Trichinella

~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~

–Segemented worms

– Body divided into segments(sections)

– Live in water or underground

– have a nervous and circulatory system

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Annelida

Segmented worms

Setae for locomotion

Bilateral symmetry

Closed circulatory system

Clamworms, earthworms, leeches

~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~

Class Earthworms

eat soil and breakdown organic matter, wastes provide nutrients to soil

~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~

Class bristleworms

~InvertebratePhylum Annelida ~

Class leeches

parasites that feed on blood of other animals

~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~

Soft bodies

Hard Shells

Live on land or in water

have a circulatory system and a complex nervous system.

Important food source for humans

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Mollusca

Soft bodied organisms often covered with a calcareous shell

Bilateral symmetry

Most have a ventral muscular foot for locomotion

Chitons, snails, limpets, clams, octopus, and squid

~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~

Class Gastropoda

– snails and slugs

– may have 1 shell

– stomach-footed -move on stomach

~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~

Class Bivalves

– 2 shells hinged together

– clams, oysters,

scallops and mussels

~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~

Class Cephalopods

–squids and octopuses

– internal mantel

~InvertebratePhylum Echinodermata ~

Hard, spiny skin

Live in salt water

Radial symmetry

name means ‘spiney skinned’

endoskeleton

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Echinodermata

Radial symmetry

Calcareous plates often with external spines

Water vascular system with tube feet for locomotion

Sea lilies, starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers

~InvertebratePhylum Echinodermata ~

Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumber

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~

Body divided into sections/segments

Exoskeleton

Jointed legs

well developed nervous system

largest group of organisms on earth

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Arthropoda

Body is composed of a head, thorax, and abdomen with three or more pairs of joined legs

Chitinous exoskeleton

Molt

Bilateral symmetry

Shrimp, crabs, barnacles, insects, centipedes, millipedes, spiders, ticks, horseshoe crabs, and crayfish

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~

3 subphylums:

Classified into classes according to the number of legs, eyes and antennae they have.

Subphylum Chiliceratais divided into 3 classes

Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites

Merostomata – horseshoe crabs

Pycnogonida – sea spiders

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata

Class – Arachnida

no antennae

4 pairs of legs

2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomen

spiders, scorpions, mites & ticks

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.geocities.com/RainForest/4076/index50s/tick.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/4076/index51.html&h=327&w=300&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtick%26start%3D20%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8%26newwindow%3D1%26safe%3Doff%26sa%3DN

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata

Class Merostomata

Horseshoe crabs

– Ancient group of species

– Changed little over 350 million years

– Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf coasts of United States.

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Chilicerata

Class Pycnogonida– Sea spider

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum - Crustacea

5 Classes

Aquatic ones have gills

2 antennae

2 body regions or segmented

Shrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopods

Many species taste delicious in butter

Subphylum Uniramia: 3 classes

Class Insecta (insects)

Class Chilopoda (Centipedes)

Class Diplopoda (Millipedes)

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia

Class Insecta

no antennae

3 pairs of legs

2 body regions - head, thorax & abdomen

grasshoppers, ants, butterflies, bees

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia

Class Diplopoda

Millipedes

segmented animals

Have 2 pairs of legs per segment

Primarily herbivores & decomposers

~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum Uniramia

Class Chiopoda

Centipedes Usually terrestrial carnivores

Have 1 pair of antennae

Are often poisonous, using modified front claws to immobilize prey

~ Phylum Chordata ~ subphylum Vertebrata

5 classes

Fish

Mammals

Reptiles

Amphibians

Birds

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Chordata

Notocord for support of the body at some stage of development

Dorsal, tubular nerve cord

Tunicate, lancelets, and vertebrates

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Chordata – Class Osteichthyes

Bony fishes

Specialized structures and behaviors to maintain homeostasis with regard to water balance

Some have swim bladders

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Chordata – Class Amphibia

Amphibians

Most live in water as a larva and on land as an adult

Moist skin

Ectotherms

Frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians

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Chordata – Class Reptilia

Reptiles

Dry, scaly skin

Terrestrial eggs

Ectotherms

Lizards, snakes, crocodilians, turtles, tortoises, and tuatara

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Chordata – Class Aves

Birds

Endotherms

Outer covering of feathers

Two legs with scales

Modified front limbs (wings)

Eagle, cardinal, penguin, duck, etc.

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Chordata – Class Mammalia

Mammals

Produce milk in mammary glands to feed their young

Breathe air

Four-chambered heart

Endotherms

Duck billed platypus, marsupials, cows, dogs, humans, etc.