Animal BitesAnimal Bites

OrOr

StingsStings

ANIMAL BITES ANIMAL BITES

Animal bites most commonly occur from

household petshousehold pets..

Rarely, a child can come in contact with wild

animals or vicious dogs. Bites may be:

•Minor bites that do not break the skin.

•Major bites that break the surface of the skin.

Bites from non-immunized

domestic animals & wild animals

risk of rabies.

Any bite that breaks the skin causes a wound very vulnerable

to infection.

………….. Animal bites

First Aid MeasuresFirst Aid Measures

For minor bites:

………….. Animal bites

Clean the wound thoroughly with soap & water.

Apply a topical antibiotic (prevent infection)

Cover the bite with a clean bandage or gauze.

For major bites:Bites break the skin surface.

Apply pressure

to stop to stop the the

bleeding.bleeding.

Cuts Puncture wounds

Clean the wound with soap & water.

If the wound is bleeding slightly, it is best NOT

to stop the bleedingstop the bleeding..(allowing it to bleed is one (allowing it to bleed is one

of the best ways to flush of the best ways to flush foreign material from the foreign material from the

wound.)wound.)

Narrow but

deep

Clean the wound with soap & water.

………….. Animal bites

Make sure the wound is clear of dirt &

foreign material.

The edges can be held together by using a

bandage.

N.B.: If the wound is on the neck or face or

covers large sections of the body --- seek

immediate medical help.

Cuts Puncture woundsCover the puncture

with a loose gauze to keep dirt & debris out

of the wound.

Clean the puncture several times /day for

the first 4 or 5 days.

Watch for sign of infection (redness,

swelling, pus, fever).

………….. Animal bites

For infection: Signs of infection (such as swelling, redness, increased pain or oozing , localized warmth at

bite site, fever) see your doctor immediately.

The most common antibiotics prescribed are amoxicillin/clavulanate. amoxicillin/clavulanate.

………….. Animal bites

Doctors recommend getting a tetanus shot every 10 years. If your last one was > 5 years ago and your

wound is deep or dirty, physician may recommend a booster shot

within 48 h of injury.

For suspected rabies:Animal might carry rabies (any wild

or domestic animal of unknown immunization status)

see your doctor immediately.

………….. Animal bites

SNAKE SNAKE BITES BITES

Snakebites may lead to death.Most species of snake are harmless.

Unless you are absolutely sure treat it seriously.

First Aid Management:

Safely & quickly identify the species of snake, if practical. Move victim to safety. Call for medical help.

Remove any jewelry or tight fitting clothing (because the affected area may swell).

Quickly tie a light restricting band both above & below the bite area a few inches away from the bite marks.(Check constriction bands periodically as swelling may

occur and loosen as appropriate.)

………….. Snake Bites

Apply strong suction::• without cutting.• within seconds of the bite (Time is critical here as

any venom present will become destructive very quickly!).• directly on the main or deepest bite marks. • using a commercial bite kit suction device.

………….. Snake Bites

Rapidly apply antiseptic cleanser to the entire area.

Place cold compress as closely as possible without interfering with suction process.

(Alternate the location of compress to avoid injury from severe cold)

Monitor for symptoms of shock.

Keep victim as comfortable as possible.

………….. Snake Bites

The primary purpose of this first aid is to:

invasion of the venom. Protect the victim from further

side effect trauma. Prepare the victim for later

medical procedures such that complications may be

minimized. Quickly & safely get the victim

to such treatment.

Most spider bites are harmless and cause only a mild irritation. However, people can have allergic reactions.

Spider Bites

Bites from:Black Widow

SpidersBrown Recluse Spiders can be serious & life threatening.

Symptoms of a Black Widow or Brown Recluse Spider Bite:

A Deep purple or blue area around the bite surrounded by a white ring surrounded by a larger red ring

Rash that spreads over the body.

Abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting.

Stiffness and pain in the joints.

Muscle stiffness, twitching, spasms or tightness.

Pink or reddish urine.

Headache, fever, loss of appetite, General feeling of illness.

………….. Spider Bites

First aid for minorminor spider bites( patient does not have any of the above symptoms)

Remove any stinger left. Drag the edge of a credit card over the bite to loosen the stinger. Avoid using tweezers (can accidentally squeeze the venom sac and release more venom into the body).

Wash the bite with soap and water

Place ice packs on the bite (10 min on & 10 min off, repeat as needed).

Use an antihistamine ointment if needed.

Monitor the patient for the next few days for signs of infection.

………….. Spider Bites

First Aid for majormajor spider bites

Poisonous bites(Black Widows &

Brown Recluse)

If the patient shows any of the symptoms of a Black Widow or Brown Recluse bite, get to a hospital immediately

If possible collect the spider that caused the bite for identification

Bites that cause allergic reactions

If the patient shows signs of an allergic reaction, call medical emergency immediately

(signs include: shortness of breath, swelling of the face, difficulty swallowing or breathing, nausea and vomiting)

include

………….. Spider Bites

While waiting for help to arrive:

Check the patient's breathing. If they are not breathing and there is no sign of a pulse begin CPR.

In case of swelling remove rings and restrictive clothing.

In case of shock lie them down and elevate their feet 12 inches.

Don’t apply a tourniquet.

Don’t give the patient aspirin or other pain medications.

Common in hot countries.

Small insect that have long tails with a sting in the end.

Its stings are very painful but unlikely to kill.

Scorpion stings

First Aid management:Rest the casualty in a comfortable position and

don’t let the casualty move about if agitated.

Remove any venom or blood from around the wound by wiping outwards from the wound itself. Never cut the side of the bite.

Don’t raise the injured limb (this helps the venom

to spread).

Apply a pad or sterile dressing to the wound.

Bandage the wound firmly, if possible, with a crepe or two way stretch bandage.

Call the emergency services, if you can do so without leaving the casualty.

..…………Scorpion stings

It's common picking up ticks, particularly if you live in the country or have pets.

Most ticks do not carry disease and will not cause any harm.

Western black legged tick

Deer tick

Tick Bites

CarryLyme Lyme

DiseaseDisease.

..…………tick bites

First aid management:1. How to remove a tick 2. How to recognize Lyme Disease.

How to remove a tick: Use a tweezers to grasp the tick Pull the tick straight out to remove

it. Once removed, drown the tick in alcohol.

Wash your hands and the affected area.

Swab alcohol on the affected area.

..…………tick bites

turn or rock the tick (cause its head to remain in the body).

try to burn the tick or use petroleum jelly.

DO NOT

How to Recognize Lyme Disease:

Flu like symptoms (headache, stiff neck, fever, muscle aches & fatigue).

Rash: Appear: day or month after bite.

A unique enlarging rash days to weeks after bite (60% patients ).

Patients with a dark skin , the rash resembles a bruise.

..…………tick bites

Rash may start as a small, reddish bump (diameter =0.5

inch). It may be slightly raised or flat. It soon expands outward, often leaving a clearing (normal flesh color) in the center. It can enlarge to the size of a thumb print or cover a person back.

seek medical help.

Bee StingsBee Stings

Honey bees can only sting once.Honey bees can only sting once.After they sting you, they fly away and die because they leave part of their intestine along with the stinger.

…………………….Bee .Bee StingsStings

Sign and Symptoms:Sign and Symptoms:

•Local reactions: immediate pain, redness & a wheel at the sting site.

•Severe allergic reactions - small %.

…………………….Bee .Bee StingsStings

First Aid Management:• Apply cool compresses to the area , no ice.

• Remove the stinger by either pulling it out or scraping it with a straight-edged object.

Avoid squeezing the sac (release more venom).

• If the victim suffers from difficulty in breathing or his pulse is shallow, call for medical help.

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