animal farm chapter 6
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Animal Farm Chapter 6TRANSCRIPT
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Animal Farm
Chapter 6
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Irony What is the irony behind the chapter’s opening line?“All that year the animals worked
like slaves.”
What type of irony is it?“But they were happy…They did it for the benefit of themselves… not for a pack of idle thieving human beings.”
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Chapter 6 Key Events #1 Voluntary work on Sundays
• If you did not, your food rations were cut
Animals eager to take more work b/c it’s for their own benefit
Hens called upon to give their eggs
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Chapter 6 Key Events: #1 Cont.
Boxer emerges and the most important animal on the farm
“Nothing could have been achieved without Boxer…” (p67)
He works more than any other animal Only Benjamin refused to get
enthusiastic about the windmill Represents the people who were
cynical and skeptical about the rebellion
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Chapter 6 Key Events #2 Mr. Whymper-Human solicitor
• Used to obtain needed goods • Iron, nails, oil, machinery for the windmill
Caused concern among the animals who believed such actions were a violation of Animalism
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Allegorical Connections Agent of the Communist
International (Comintern) worked with Russia and the outside world
Mr. Whymper serves the farm while making a profit as well
Napoleon uses himto spread rumors that all is still going well
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Allegorical Connections Whymper is also an allusion to Westerners
that catered to Soviet interests and helped spread the Soviet myth
“There is no famine or actual starvation nor is there likely to be.” -- Walter Duranty New York Times, Nov. 15, 1931 Words spread by journalist
about the state of Soviet Russia The reality was much different
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"There is no famine or actual starvation nor is there likely to be.” --New York Times, Nov. 15, 1931, page 1
"Any report of a famine in Russia is today an exaggeration or malignant propaganda.“ --New York Times, August 23, 1933
"Enemies and foreign critics can say what they please. Weaklings and despondents at home may groan under the burden, but the youth and strength of the Russian people is essentially at one with the Kremlin's program, believes it worthwhile and supports it, however hard be the sledding.” --New York Times, December 9, 1932, page 6
"You can't make an omelet without breaking eggs.” --New York Times, May 14, 1933, page 18
"There is no actual starvation or deaths from starvation but there is widespread mortality from diseases due to malnutrition.” --New York Times, March 31, 1933, page 13
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Walter Duranty Walter Duranty (1884 – October 3, 1957) was a
controversial Liverpool-born British-American journalist who served as the Moscow bureau chief of the New York Times from 1922 through 1936.
A series of stories written in 1931 on the Soviet Union won Duranty a Pulitzer Prize.
Duranty has been criticized for his denial of widespread famine
Many years later there were calls to revoke his Pulitzer
The Times acknowledged that his articles constituted “some of the worst reporting to appear in this newspaper.”
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Chapter 6 Key Events #2 Cont.
“Never to have dealing with humans” “Never to engage in trade” “Never to make use of money”
“All the animals remembered passing such resolutions: or at least they thought that they remembered it.” (p63)
For legs good, two legs bad.
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Chapter 6 Key Events #2 Cont.
Squealer suggests it’s something that the animals “dreamed”
“Have you any record of such a resolution? Is it written down anywhere?” (p64)
Targets the animals illiteracy
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Chapter 6 Key Events: #3 Pigs now live and sleep in farm
house Commandments changed
“No animal shall sleep in a bed with sheets”
Squealer said it was necessary for the pigs who did the brainwork
Uses fear, “Surely none of you wishes to see Jones back?” (p67)
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Chapter 6 Key Events #4 Storm destroys windmill
• It was built with walls too thin• The humans would “meet in the public houses and prove to one another by means of diagrams that the windmill was bound to fall down.” (p65)
Napoleon accuses Snowball Snowball is given a death sentence
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Chapter 6 –Analysis Elements of Oppression in Action1. Overworked working class
• Educational psychology says that people who are kept very busy are easily controlled
2. Rewriting history3. Propaganda as a means of control4. A common enemy
• Ex: Communist Russia vs. Trotskyism
• Ex: U.S.A. vs. Communism
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The Common Enemy
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Chapter 6 –AnalysisThe need for a Scapegoat
Many psychologists say humans need something to love and something to hate
1. It aides in building a group identity– “US”
You can’t know happiness without sadness.You can’t know YOU without THEM
“..self-definition is impossible without reference to the other.”
2. It allows us to project our own negative qualities onto others
3. It aides in building group cohesiveness
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Chapter 6—Analysis Cont. Snowball is blamed Unites the comrades against a
common enemy What is the irony behind this ?
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Napoleon’s Leadership:
His changes are small and incremental so that there appears to be no change at all
He changes:• The commandment• Their workload• The view of Snowball’s influence on the farm
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The Hypocrisy of Tyranny
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Emerging Themes “Power corrupts, and absolute power corrupts absolutely”