animal information natural treasures mammals · 2019-03-18 · wild – 98% mammals and birds; 2%...

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Animal Information

Natural Treasures

Mammals

Table of Contents

Black-headed Spider Monkey……………………………………………………………………2

Central American Spider Monkey …………………………………………………………….5

Black-footed Cat……………………………………………………………………….……………..7

Kinkajou………………………………………………………………….……………………………....9

Striped Skunk………………………………………………………………………………………….11

Goeldi’s Monkey………………………………………………………………….………………….13

Cotton-top Tamarin…………………………………………………………………………………15

Six-banded Armadillo………………………………………………………………………………17

Linne’s Two-toed Sloth…………………………………………………………………………….19

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John Ball Zoo Habitat – Spider Monkey Island

Originally constructed in 1950. This exhibit was redone in 2009 for the spider monkeys. The tree like structures provide a more natural environment than the previous gunite mountain.

Individual Animals 5 Spider Monkeys

o 4 Females and 1 Male Life Expectancy

Average at AZA institutions: 24.4 years

Oldest recorded at AZA institutions: 54.6 years

Average life span in wild: 22-24 years Statistics

Weight – 20 pounds.

Length – Tail length: 28-34 inches; Body length: 16-22 inches. Diet – Omnivore

Wild – Ripe fruit, leaves, nuts, seeds, insects and sometimes eggs.

Zoo – Primate biscuits, mix of fruits and veggies, and other items for enrichment Predators

Humans – Spider monkeys are desirable for their meat although it is prohibited to hunt them.

Habitat

Rainforests. Spending most of their time in the upper branches. Region

Central America to northern South America Reproduction

Sexually mature around 3-4 years Behavior, scents, and visual signals show signs they are

ready to mate. The estrous cycle is 26 days and females will usually

associate with a male for up to three days, with mating lasting between 5 to 10 minutes.

Gestation period of 7-8 months. Typically one offspring at a time, cared for by mother

until weaned at 20 months.

Black-headed Spider Monkey Ateles fusciceps rufiventris

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Adaptations

Long prehensile tails that act as a fifth limb to help them swing through branches of trees.

The shape of their skull is formed so the monkey’s eyes are facing directly forward, this gives their vision precise gaging of branches and limbs as they swiftly swing through the forest canopy.

Their hands are formed for climbing, they only have four fingers and lack a thumb. This increases

their strength and grip.

Behavior – Diurnal (active during the day, sleep at night)

Foragers

Associate in loose groups of about 20-30 individuals, but it is rare to find them gathered in one place. Individuals drift between subgroups of varying sizes.

Move through the forest using both their hands and feet to swing between trees, and walk in an upright position along branches

Can leap in excess of 9 meters (30 ft.) from branch to branch Conservation Concerns

Deforestation of their habitat is the main reason of population decline. Pet/meat trade is also a concern but more research needs to be done to understand the

extent this impacts the population. Conservation Ask

Be mindful of wildlife and the environment as you make every day purchasing decisions. o Action – When you make purchases, support green companies/eco-labels

Look for theses Eco-labels: Fair Trade, Rainforest Alliance, Forest

Stewardship Council, & Sustainable Palm Oil


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Individual Animal Information

Name: Pink (Female)

Born: June 17, 2005

At John Ball Zoo

Physical Description: Has a pink toe and a faux hawk

Name: Indy (Male)

Born: July 5, 1992

At Maryland Zoo in Baltimore

Arrived: November 5, 1999

From Maryland Zoo in Baltimore

Physical Description: As he is the only male it is easy

to identify him

Name: Becka (Female)

Born: November 6, 1993

At Potter Park Zoological Gardens

Arrived: August 6, 1998

From Potter Park Zoological Gardens

Physical Description: Largest member of the group

Name: Casey (Female)

Born: August 4, 2005

At John Ball Zoo

Physical Description: Smallest and youngest of the

group

Name: Hershey (Female)

Born: January 27, 1996

At Henson Robinson Zoo

Arrived: November 4, 1997

From Henson Robinson Zoo

Physical Description: Hair is typically pushed forward


5

John Ball Zoo Habitat – Spider Monkey Island

Originally constructed in 1950. This exhibit was redone in 2009 for the spider monkeys. The tree like structures provide a more natural environment than the previous gunite mountain.

Individual Animals – 3 Females (Not on site yet) Life Expectancy

Data deficient Statistics

Weight – 13-19 pounds.

Length – Tail length: 2-2.8 feet; Body length: 1-2 feet.

Males tend to be larger than females Diet – Omnivore (frugivore)

Wild – Ripe fruit, leaves, flowers, nuts, seeds, insects, arachnids, and eggs.

Predators Humans – source of food for many Central and South American peoples.

Habitat

Rainforest and montane forest Region

Found along both coasts of Mexico from Tamaulipas in the northeast and Jalisco in the west south to northwestern Colombia.

Reproduction

Sexually mature around 4-5 years.

The estrous cycle is 24-27 days. Mating is restricted to a 2-3 day time period. Gestation period of 226-232 days. Typically one offspring at a time. Young are normally dependent on their mothers for three years.

Adaptations Long prehensile tails that act as a fifth limb to help them swing through branches of

trees. Often seen hanging by one limb or by the tail. The shape of their skull is formed so the monkey’s eyes are facing directly forward, this

gives their vision precise gaging of branches and limbs as they swiftly swing through the forest canopy.

Their hands are formed for climbing, they only have four fingers and lack a thumb. This increases their strength and grip.

Central American Spider Monkey

Ateles geoffroyi

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Behavior – Diurnal (active during the day, sleep at night)

Social

Arboreal

Foragers

They "bark" when threatened and often throw branches, jump up and down, and shake tree limbs when approached by humans. They emit a sound similar to a whinny when they are separated from one another.

Habitat loss, pet trafficking, and hunting in some regions. Conservation Ask




Central American Spider Monkey

Ateles geoffroyi

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John Ball Zoo Habitat – Located in the Natural Treasures Building with outdoor access.

Individual Animals – 1 Male

Oscar – Male

o Born May 11, 2006

Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo

o Arrived October 04, 2007

From Omaha’s Henry Doorly Zoo

Life Expectancy

Under Managed Care: Up to 15.6 years

There is little known about life expectancy in

the wild, but there are records showing some

individuals living up to 13 years

Statistics

Weight – 2.2-5.3 pounds

Length

o Body: 13.7-19.3 inches

o Tail: 3-7.8 inches

Males tend to be larger than females

Smallest of the African Cat species

Diet – Carnivore

Wild – 98% mammals and birds; 2% amphibians, reptiles, and invertebrates.

Zoo – Feline (Ground whole animal), mice, chicks, and small rats.

o 2 feedings a day

Predators

Little is known about predation on

this species. Unlike many felids,

human predation on these cats is

relatively rare.

Habitat

Savannas and dry grasslands

Region

Botswana, Namibia, and South

Africa, as well as small parts of

Angola, Zimbabwe, and possible

Lesotho.

Black-footed Cat

Felis nigripes

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Reproduction – Polygynous (having more than 1 female as a mate)

Females become mature at 14-21 months old

Prior to mating, a female’s urine-spraying increases to

advertise her readiness to the local male.

Mating occurs in August and September

Gestation takes 59-68 days.

Females give birth in underground dens to 1-3 offspring in

November to December

Young begin to venture out of their den at 3 weeks old and are fully weaned at about 6

weeks old, when they can begin to catch their own prey.

Adaptations

These cats have a broad skull with large, rounded

ears, which provide enhanced hearing in an area with

scarce prey.

Low-set ears are often completely flattened, an

adaptation to hunting in areas with little cover.

They are protected from the hot sand by hair on the

black soles of the feet.

Behavior – Nocturnal

Deadliest cat with a 60% success rate while hunting

Conservation Concerns

Loss of key resources, both den sites and prey

Conservation Ask

Support Global and Local Conservation Programs

o Donate time/money to the zoo

o Become a member, return visit, make purchase

John Ball Zoo participate in the Black-footed cat Species Survival Plan.

Oscar’s offspring has gone on to sire offspring of their own.

Black-footed Cat

Felis nigripes

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John Ball Zoo Habitat – Located in the Natural Treasures Building Individual Animals – 1 Male, 1 Female

Male – Papa (Retired. He is behind the scenes in the South America building)

o Birth: Unknown

o Arrived July 08, 1994

From Gladys Porter Zoo

o Approx. Weight: 6-7lbs

Female – Alice (daughter of Papa)

Born at John Ball Zoo

On February 06, 2001

o Approx. Weight: 8-10lbs

Life Expectancy

Average at AZA institutions: 26 years


Little is known about the average life span in the wild, but evidence suggest it is not uncommon for Kinkajous to live beyond 20 years.

Statistics

Weight – 4.4-10lbs.

Length – Up to 32 inches Diet – Frugivore

Wild – Ripe fruit, mainly figs due to their year-round abundance. Nectar, flowers, and some insects.

o Kinkajous are active seed dispersers and possibly pollinators as well.

Zoo – Fruit, mixed veggie, primate biscuits. Predators

Raptors like Isidor's eagles and Harpy eagles, also jaguars, and primarily humans.

Habitat

Tropical regions

A variety of forest habitats Region

From southern Tamaulipas, Mexico to southern Brazil

Kinkajou

Potos flavus

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Reproduction – Polygamous

Sexually mature by age 2.

Females are in estrous for 17 days

Breeding occurs year-round Gestation period of 98-120 days. Typically one offspring at a time, occasionally 2. Female kinkajous are the primary providers of

parental care. Young are weaned at 8 weeks and independent at 4

months, sometimes sooner. Adaptations

Long, extensible tongue that is used to drink nectar Long fully prehensile tail. Fully reversible feet. They utilize extreme spinal flexibility to maneuver among the tree limbs and obtain food

at terminal branches. This flexibility, which allows for a rotation of 180º between the pelvis and head, is a unique trait that distinguishes kinkajous from their close relatives, the coatis and raccoons.

Large eyes helps to see at night. Behavior

Nocturnal

Arboreal

Foragers

Scent marking is important for sexual, territorial, and social communication.

Conservation Concerns Habitat Destruction. Pet/meat trade is also a concern but more research needs to be done to understand the

extent this impacts the population. Conservation Ask




Kinkajou

Potos flavus

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John Ball Zoo Habitat – Animal Ambassador, housed in the Forest Realm Individual Animals – 1 Female: Turnip

Born April 29, 2015 o Unknown location

Arrived June 09, 2016 o From a private donor

Life Expectancy

Under Managed Care: 10 years

Wild: 7 years Statistics

● Body Length – 1.5-2.6 feet ● Tail Length – 0.5-1.3 feet

● Weight – Up to 13.8 pounds

● Males are slightly larger than the females. Diet – Omnivore, opportunistic feeder

● Wild – birds, mammals, amphibians, reptiles, fish, eggs, carrion, insects, terrestrial non-insect arthropods, terrestrial worms, aquatic crustaceans, seeds, grains, nuts, and fruit.

Predators ● Great Horned Owls, Golden Eagles, Bald Eagles, Mountain Lions, Bobcats, Coyotes, Grey

Foxes, Red Foxes, and American Badgers.

Habitat

Woodlands, forests, wooded ravines, scrubland, and grassy plains.

o Over time they have become more prominent in areas of extreme cultivation as well as in suburban neighborhoods

Region

Most of North America. They reach from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, covering most of the continental United States and southern regions of Canada. They also range to the south over a portion of northern Mexico.

Reproduction – Polygynous: having more than one female mate at one time.

Both male and female younglings become

sexually mature by the end of the first year,

around 10 months of age on average.

Striped Skunk Mephitis mephitis

https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Mephitis_mephitis/#20020913233224

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After mating, females no longer associate with males and will become aggressive towards them through vocalizing, stamping their feet and fighting if necessary.

Breeding usually occurs sometime between February and April. o A secondary breeding can take place in May if the first

litter is lost.

Gestation lasts about 59 to 77 days, beginning with a period of delayed implantation that can last up to 19 days.

Litters range from 2 to 10 individuals.

The younglings do not open their eyes until about three weeks of age.

Weaned at six to seven weeks. o It is at this time they learn to forage and hunt by following their mother in a

single file line during her outings.

Male younglings become independent by July or August, while the female younglings may remain with their mother until the following spring. Both male and female younglings become sexually mature by the end of the first year, around 10 months of age on average.

Adaptations

Long fore claws for digging.

Relies on fat storage for energy during the winter months.

Enlarged anal scent glands, even more than members of family Mustelidae. These paired glands contain an overpowering, yellowish musk, which can be discharged through the anus in a fluid spray, reaching over 19 feet.

o The musk acts as an irritant to the senses and has been documented to cause nausea, intense pain and temporary blindness.

o Skunks will face an opponent while arching their back and raising their tail, then stomp the ground with their forelegs as a warning. A temporary handstand may be performed if the ground stomping is done in synchrony with backing away.

Behavior – Solitary, primarily nocturnal

Docile, often ignoring other animals, except during the breeding season. Conservation Concerns

An important source of insect control for human populations.

Conservation Ask

Be mindful of wildlife and the environment as you make every day purchasing decisions. o Action – Choose your pets responsibly

Be thoughtful while engaging and connecting with Nature o Participate in nature friendly behavior

Striped Skunk Mephitis mephitis

https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Mustelidae/

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John Ball Zoo Habitat – Located Behind the Scenes Individual Animals – 1 Male

Mario – Male o Born: August 18, 2010

At Saint Louis Zoological Park o Arrived July 23, 2014

From Saint Louis Zoological Park Life Expectancy

Average at AZA institutions: 8.9 years


Average life span in wild: Insufficient data Statistics

Weight – 0.7-1.2 pounds.

Length o Body: 7.4-9.0 inches o Tail: 10-12.7 inches

Diet – Omnivore

Wild – fruits, insects, and small vertebrates.

Zoo – raisins, apple, pear, blueberry, sweet potato, strawberry, mixed vegetables, green pepper banana, eggs, crickets, mealworms, waxworms, super worms, and Mazuri Callitrichid Gel.

o 3 Feedings a day Predators

Pumas, snakes, eagles, and hawks Habitat

Rainforest Region

Northern Amazon Rainforest. Southern Colombia, eastern Ecuador, eastern Peru, western Brazil, and northern Bolivia.

Goeldi’s Monkey Callimico goeldii

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Reproduction

Sexual maturity is reached at 14 months Estrous cycle averages every 23 days with a

duration of 1 week Gestation averages 155 days allowing

multiple births a year Females give birth to a single offspring Young nurse for 12 weeks and can digest

solid food at 4 weeks The mother carries the young for 2 weeks,

the father carries the young for the 3rd week Adaptations

Can leap up to 13 feet. They leap from one tree, turn in flight and grab their target.

Behavior

Sleep close together in dense under brush or in a hollow tree

Communicates through vocalizations, sent, facial and body language o Some vocalizations are ultrasonic


No major threats, however logging is becoming more common in the regions that Goeldi’s monkeys inhabit.

Conservation Ask


Look for theses Eco-labels: Rainforest Alliance & Forest Stewardship

Council

Goeldi’s Monkey Callimico goeldii

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John Ball Zoo Habitat – Located in the Natural Treasures Building Individual Animals – 1 Male, 1 Female

Kevin – Male o Born November 30, 2015

At Bergen County Zoological Park o Arrived February 12, 2018

From Bergen County Zoological Park

Lilo – Female

o Born July 27, 2012

At Salisbury Zoological Park

o Arrived July 24, 2018

From Salisbury Zoological Park

Life Expectancy

Average at AZA institutions: 10.7-12.8 years


Average life span in wild: Insufficient data Statistics

Weight – 0.66-0.99 pounds.

Length o Head-body: 8.3-10.2 inches o Tail: 12.9-15.8 inches

Diet – Omnivore

Wild –primarily insects and fruits. Some sap and other plant fluids.

Zoo – Small primate gel (specially formulated with vitamins and minerals), primate biscuits, fruits, vegetables, and hard boil eggs.

o 3 Feedings a day Predators

Wild Cats, Snakes, Eagles, and Hawks Habitat

Tropical rainforest and open woodlands Region

Northwest Colombia Reproduction – Monogamous

Sexual maturity is reached at 18 months for females and 24 months for males

Estrous cycle lasts 15 days Gestation averages 140 days Females give birth to non-identical twins each

year.

Cotton-top Tamarin Saguinus oedipus

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Adaptations

The ancestral primate nails on their toes and fingers have evolved into claws on all but their big toes, allowing them to climb in a squirrel like fashion.

Long tail assists in balance. Behavior

Social, living in groups of 3-13

Cooperative breeding (unique amongst primates) is a practice where several females care for the offspring and males tend to carry the young giving females more time to forage.

They fluff up their fur and make loud calls to scare away intruders Conservation Concerns

Clearing of their forest habitat and population depletion from animal trade.

Conservation Ask


Look for theses Eco-labels: Rainforest Alliance & Forest Stewardship

Council


o Action – Join and support conservation organizations Fundacion Proyecto Titi

Cotton-top Tamarin Saguinus oedipus

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John Ball Zoo Habitat – Located it the Natural Treasures building

Individual Animals: 1 Female - Joanna

Born June 17, 2018

o At Saint Louis

Zoological Park

Arrived October 29, 2018

o From Saint Louis

Zoological Park

Life Expectancy

Average: 8-12 years

Can live up to 18 years under managed care.

Statistics

Weight: 11 pounds

Length: 1.3 feet

Diet – Omnivore

Wild – 90% of their diet is fruit, tubers, and palm nuts.

o Occasionally ants, termites, carrion, and frogs.

Predators – Humans

Habitat

Savanna or grasslands

Region

South America east of the Andes Mountains

Reproduction

Gestation lasts 60-64 days.

Litter size is 1-3 baby armadillos.

During the first month of their lives, the babies

quadruple their weight and by the end of the month are able to consume solid foods.

Within nine months the baby armadillo matures into an adult.

Six-Banded Armadillo Euphractus sexcinctus

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Adaptations

Their body consists of 6-8

moveable bands made of keratin.

They are good swimmers and stay

afloat by swallowing air.

Claws developed for digging and

constructing burrows.

Behavior

Diurnal

Solitary

Rely on sense of smell due to poor

vision.


Hunted extensively, mostly for

local use as a protein source and

for medicinal use.

Conservation Ask


o Donate time/money to the zoo

Become a member, return visit, make purchase

There is a Species Survival Plan for Six-Banded

Armadillos

Six-Banded Armadillo Euphractus sexcinctus

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John Ball Zoo Habitat – Located in the Natural Treasures Building in a mixed species habitat with a Six-banded Armadillo Individual Animals – 1 Male: Linus

Birth: August 1982 (Estimate)

o Location: Unknown

Arrived: October 06, 1983

o From Milwaukee County

Zoological Gardens

o Approx. Weight: 25lbs

Life Expectancy

Average at AZA institutions: 16 years

Oldest recorded at AZA institutions: 49 years

Little is known about the average life span in the wild. Statistics

Length – 21-29 inches Diet

Wild – primarily vegetation, including berries, leaves, small twigs, and fruits, cropping the leaves with their lips. On occasion sloths have been known to eat insects and other small prey. They obtain water from vegetation and by lapping dew.

Predators Ocelot, Jaguar, Harpy eagles, and

Crested Eagles. Habitat

High in the canopies of tropical rainforests

Region

Central America and northern South America, including portions of Brazil and Peru.

Reproduction

Sexually mature by age 3 for females, age 4-5 for males. Gestation period of 6 months. Typically give birth to one offspring each year that clings

to mother’s belly for 5 weeks.

Linne’s Two-toed Sloth Choloepus didactylus

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Adaptations Fur is adapted for wet tropical weather. Streamlined body aides in swimming. Each strand of fur has grooves which collect algae, giving the sloth a greenish tint and

camouflaging it from predators. Hardened lips which act to shear and crop leaves.

Behavior

Solitary

Nocturnal, sleeping for 15 hours during the day, and waking during the night only to feed.

Descend to the ground for 1 of 2 reasons either to change trees in search of a new food

source or to defecate

o Sloths can go a week without defecating.

Their most common resting position is curled into a ball in the branches of a tree and

resembles either a termite nest or a knot in the wood.

Conservation Concerns Habitat Loss due to logging

Conservation Ask

Be mindful of wildlife and the environment as you make every day purchasing decisions.

o Action – When you make purchases, support green companies/eco-labels

Look for theses Eco-labels:

Forest Stewardship Council

Sustainable Palm Oil

Linne’s Two-toed Sloth Choloepus didactylus

animal information natural treasures mammals · 2019-03-18 · wild – 98% mammals and birds; 2%...

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