animal learning
DESCRIPTION
Animal Learning. Learning. Definition: A relatively specific and enduring change in a potential behaviour brought about by past experience -learning verses performance -experience required -internal processes. Learning. Why Study Animal Learning? 1) precise control 2) start simple - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Animal Learning
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Learning
Definition:
A relatively specific and enduring change in a potential behaviour brought about by past experience
-learning verses performance-experience required-internal processes
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Learning
Why Study Animal Learning?
1) precise control2) start simple3) use potent stimuli 4) model behavioural dysfunctions5) avoid subjective data6) interest in its own right
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Learning
Types of Questions?
1) Can it be learned?2) What conditions encourage/hinder learning?3) What is the underlying mechanism?
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Delayed Choice
Rats: 10-sRacoon: 25-sDog: 5-minHuman
1-year: 24-s2-year: 50-s6-year: 20-min
Hunter (1913)
ChoiceLocation 1Location 2Location 3
Cue
Location 2
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Delay of Reinforcement
StartDelayChoice Goal
Reward or No Reward
Grice – (1948)
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Grice (1948) Results
2030405060708090
100
25 100
175
250
325
400
475
550
625
700
Trials
Per
cen
t C
orr
ect
0s
5s
2s1.2s
0.5s
10s
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Reasoning Through Insight
Kohler (1914)
Sudden Insightor
Trial and Error?
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Forms of Learning
Evidence
1) Dissociations“H.M.”“Unconscious Sequence Learning”
2) Simultaneous Contradictory Belief“Linda Problem”“Visual Illusions”
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H.M.
Back
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Sequence learning
Nissen & Bullemer (1987) –
Serial Reaction Time
*
A B C D Experimental Group = fixed sequence of locations
D – B – C – A – C – B – D – C – B – A -
circular sequence, 10 times per blockControl Group = random sequence of locations
Back
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Violated Sequence
Subjects are sensitive to the presence of the sequence even when they deny knowing that there was a sequence
Back
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Linda Problem
Linda is 31 years old, single, outspoken, and very bright. She majored in philosophy. As a student, she was deeply concerned with issues of discrimination and social justice, and also participated in anti-nuclear demonstrations.
Which of the following is more probable?
(1) Linda is a bank teller. (2) Linda is a bank teller and is active in the feminist
movement.
Back
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Müller-Lyer Illusion
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Forms of Learning: Classification
René Descartes(1594-1660)
“Man as machine”
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StimulusInvoluntary
VoluntaryAction
Human versus Animal
Descartes’ Dualism
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A Modern Conception
Conditioning
Implicit
Classical InstrumentalSkills
Explicit
Semantic Episodic
Nonassociative