Animal Reproduction

Ch. 10

Function

• new animals are brought into the production cycle for use by humans

• involve all systems of the animals body– all must work in harmony

Male

Pathway for Sperm

• Testicle

• Epididymis

• Vas deferens

• Seminal Vessicles

• Prostate Gland

• Cowper’s Gland

• Penis

Testicles

• Male sex organ– produce hormone

• testosterone– produced in the interstitial cells– controls the animals sex drive– plays role in the development of sex

characteristics

Male Sex Characteristics

• Makes a male look like a male– broad, massive head

– weight concentrated in the shoulder

– masculine appearance

Testicles (cont.)

• housed in the scrotum– heat regulating structure

• viable sperm will not develop at body temp.

• Seminiferous tubules– produce sperm

– 50 football fields

Epididymis

• Four Functions– transport

– storage

– maturation

– concentration of sperm• remove water

Vas deferens

• transports mature sperm from the tail of the epididymis past the secondary sex glands

Secondary Sex Glands

• Seminal vessicles– holding place of sperm

– secrete fluid

• Prostate gland– fluid supplies nutrients for sperm

– muscular gland that expels semen

Secondary Sex Glands

• Cowper’s Gland– fluid cleans the urethra

– thickens semen

Urethra and Penis

• Urethra– conduit for urine and semen

• Penis– expels semen into female tract

– protected by sheath

Female

Pathway for Ovum

• Ovaries

• Infundibulum

• Fallopian Tube

• Uterus

• Cervix

• Vagina

• Vulva

Ovaries

• located near the kidneys

• produces estrogen– female sex hormone

• causes onset of puberty– female body changes

• prepares rest of reproductive tract for embryo

• all ova present at birth– mature cow

• 75,000 present

• only 20-30 used

Ovaries

Maturation of Ova

• Primary Follicles– potential ova found near the surface of

the ovary

– Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)• produced in the Pituitary gland

• causes follicle to mature– Graafian follicle

Maturation of Ova

• Luteinizing Hormone (LH)– produced in the Pituitary Gland– causes rupture of Graafian follicle and

release of ovum

• Corpus Luteum (CL)– scar-like structure produced at rupture

site

Infundibulum

• top of fallopian tube

• finger-like projections– brings ova into fallopian tube

Fallopian Tube (Oviduct)

• site of fertilization– upper third

– can occur on either side

• moves ovum to uterus

Uterus

• consists of main body and two horns

• fetal development occurs in either horn

Uterus

• Functions1 Pathway for sperm

• contractile actions move sperm

2 Sustains embryo through secretions3 Attachment point for growing embryo4 Expulsion of fetus and membranes

• placenta

• once expelled = afterbirth

Uterus

• Supported by broad ligament– supplies blood and nerves to uterus

• Caruncles– small projections in mucus layer

– rich in blood

– serve as attachment points for placenta• cotyledons

Cervix

• Separates uterine cavity from vaginal cavity

• Functions1 Seals uterus

• protect from bacterial and other foreign invasions

2 Passageway for sperm

3 When pregnant, a plug forms protecting the fetus

Vagina

· Copulatory organ of the female

· Site of semen deposition

Vulva

· External reproductive organ

· Used as an aid in heat detection