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Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4

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Page 1: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

Animal Rights & WelfareChapter 4

Page 2: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

Terms• Animal Rights

▫The position that animals should not be exploited

• Animal Welfare▫The position that animals

should be treated humanely• Confinement Systems

▫Animals are confined to cages or pens in partially enclosed or totally enclosed buildings so that production improves through closer control of the environment

Page 3: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

Terms

• Ecoterrorism▫Terrorism or crimes

committed under the disguise of saving nature

• Factory Farming▫Practice of keeping

chickens in cages and veal calves in small crates

• Humanize▫To believe that animals

have the same rights as humans and to treat them as humans

Page 4: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

Terms• Intensive Operations

▫ Farming operations in which the farmer or manager tries to increase output through better breeding, feeding and management

• Specieism▫ Belief that any use of animals by

humans reflects a bias or that humans are superior to animals

• Unethical▫ A belief that something is going

against one’s moral principles and values

Page 5: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

Terms

•Vivisection▫Research consisting of surgical operations

and experiments to study the structure and function of organs.

Page 6: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

Current Topics In Animal Rights & Welfare• Animals as Property• Scientific testing• Animal Agriculture• Caged Animals• Entertainment Animals• Veganism• Factory Farming• Fish & Fishing• Vivisection• Hunting • Use of furs

Page 7: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

Check It Out!

•Animal rights vs Animal welfare has a long history

•Pgs 32-34

Page 8: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1641

•First laws to protect farm animals•“The Body of Liberties”•Massachusetts bay colony

Page 9: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1828

•First anticruelty lab passed by New York

•“Each person who shall maliciously kill, main, or wound any horse, ox, or other cattle, or sheep, belonging to another, or shall maliciously and cruelly beat or torture such animal whether belonging to himself or another, shall upon conviction, be adjudged guilty of a misdemeanor.”

Page 10: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1866

•American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA)

•Formed for welfare of disabled horses•America’s first humane society•Founded by Henry Bergh

Page 11: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1867

•“An Act for the more effectual prevention of cruelty to animals.”

•Ten sections•41 states and DC have laws based on it

Page 12: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1906

•Animal Transportation Act▫Protect animals traveling long distances by

rail•95% of animals today are transported by

truck▫Law was never amended to include them

Page 13: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1958

•Humane Slaughter Act•Amended in 1970s to include handling

prior to slaughter

Page 14: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1964• Ruth Harrison

▫Animal Machines: The New Factory Farming Industry

• Focused on the use of antibiotics & hormones• Investigation led to laws concerning treatment:

▫Chickens▫Turkeys▫Pigs▫Cattle▫Sheep▫Rabbits

Page 15: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1966• Public Law 89-544 (AWA)• Laboratory Animal Welfare Act• Regulated dealers who handled research:

▫Dogs▫Cats▫Hamsters▫Guinea Pigs▫Rabbits ▫Primates

• First amendment authorized regulation of other warm bloods

Page 16: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1970

•Horse Protection Act•Regulates show business•Specific to gait alteration

Page 17: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1970s

•It all began…•Modern Animal Rights Movement•Urban vegetarians•Draws activists from philosophy, theology,

and human rights

Page 18: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1970s

•Peter Singer▫Animal Liberation

•Founder of modern animal rights movement

•Book condemned use of animals in food and research

Page 19: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1976

•Amendment to AWA prohibited animal fighting

•Regulated commercial transport

Page 20: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1985

•Improved Standards for Laboratory Animals Act▫Issued additional standards for research

animals▫Standards for dog exercise▫Physical environment standards

•Institutional Animal Care & Use Committees▫Minimal pain and distress▫Anesthetics, analgesics & tranquilizer use▫Consider alternative to painful procedures

Page 21: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1986

•Animal Liberation Front•$$$$$ of damage at

Oregon State•Set fires at University of

California-Davis•Independence day attack

at Texas Tech

Page 22: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1989•Farm Animal and Research Facilities

Protection Act•Applied to premise where animals are kept for:

▫Food▫Ag Research▫Testing▫Education

•Federal crime to disrupt activities•$10,000 fine•Passed in August 1992

Page 23: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1990

•“March for the Animals”•15-24,000 people

Page 24: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1990

•Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act▫Pet protection provisions

•Covers 4 institution categories▫Dogs & Cat breeders▫Zoos▫Circuses▫Research Facilities

Page 25: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1992

•Animal Enterprise Protection Act•Protects:

▫Zoos▫Aquariums▫Circuses▫Rodeos▫Fairs▫Auctions▫Packing Plants ▫Commercial & Academic Enterprises

Page 26: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

1997

•Ecoterrorism•10,000 mink released

from a fur ranch•½ the animals died in

fighting each other•1,300 of the animals

recaptured would die later

Page 27: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

Do Animals Have Rights?

•Animal Rights▫Same as humans▫Specieism▫Feel pain▫Humans are

animals

•Animal Welfare•Humanely

without cruelty•Should receive

proper care•Can be used in

research when alternatives are unavailable

Page 28: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

Should animals be used for food?•Animal Rights

▫Inhumane▫Meat is

unhealthy▫Constant

housing▫Physiological

and behavioral problem

▫Large corporations who care about profits

• Animal Welfare• Best interest of

farmers to care for animals

• Intensive operations

• Confinement systems

• Protection from the elements

• 97% of farms are family owned

Page 29: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

Should animals be used in experiments?• Animal Rights

▫Unethical▫Unnecessary▫Exaggerated value▫Misleading tests could

danger human health▫Pound seizures, Draize

Testing, * Classical LD50

▫6 million animals used in experimentation

• Animal Welfare• Biomedical

research limited or stopped

• Organ transplants• # of animals used is

declining• 90% are rats/mice• Bovine Corneal

Opacity Test• Plastic models • Tissue Culture

Page 30: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

Does the type of animal used matter?

•Monkeys vs Mice?•Dogs vs Rats?•Why?•Does it matter what

test is being conducted?

Page 31: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should
Page 32: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

Should hunting and trapping be allowed?•Animal Rights

▫Inhumane▫Unnatural▫“Joy of killing”▫Stop use of dogs▫“Regulations =

providing animals to hunt”

▫Hunting food is not necessary

• Animal Welfare• Prime source of $$ for

preserving wildlife• Tradition• Population control• Focus public attn on

wildlife• Initiates of wildlife

laws• Harvest only surplus

animals

Page 33: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

Some Odds and Ends

•USDA implements regulation of most animal welfare laws

•Charles Stenholm & Senator Howell Heflin cosponsored the Animal Enterprise Protection Act of 1992

•Rabbits are used in the Draize Eye Test because they don’t have tear ducts

•Approximately 1 million animals are used in ed facilities for dissection annually

Page 34: Animal Rights & Welfare Chapter 4. Terms Animal Rights ▫The position that animals should not be exploited Animal Welfare ▫The position that animals should

Odds and Ends

•The LD50 test determines the dose required to kill 50% of a test population

•Primates make up about ½ of 1% of experiment animals

•Crushed monkey spinal cords were necessary to make the polio vaccine