Mrs. Marlene Torres

Science 6

Animals

CHARACTERISTICS OF ANIMALS

Have many cells (are multi-cellular organisms)

Cannot make their own food Most can move

*some can be sessile(can not move) Can live in land or water

ANIMALS Can be classified in two groups:

Vertebrates Invertebrates

Animals with backbone Animals that has no backbone

They have an endoskeletonPresence of an exoskeleton in some of them (like a shell)

Cartilage can be found in the skeleton of vertebrates

The exoskeleton is made up of proteins. The variety of exoskeletons is due to the protein that is made up of. Examples: Cockroaches or lobsters

ANIMALS

VERTEBRATES (VOCABULARY)

Vertebrates = Are animals with a segmented backbone. Include the largest animals on land and water. They are group into 7 classes.

Endoskeleton = Is an inner (internal) skeleton that protects the internal organs and allow movement.

Chordate = Animal with a nerve cord running down their backs

Cartilage = Soft bone-like material that is part of the skeleton.

ENDOSKELETON

Frog skeleton

Human skeleton

Backbone

Tetrapod = Another characteristic found in vertebrates is the presence of four limbs or feet.

Other vertebrates are bipeds, which means that have two feet.

Giraffe

San Pedrito

CLASSES OF VERTEBRATES Jawless fish – jawless means NO jaw. Have

soft skeletons and breath through gills.Examples: Hagfish - they have a pair of horizontally moving structures with tooth-like projections for pulling off food.

Jawless fishExamples: Lampreys – have a toothed,

funnel-like sucking mouth, with which most species bore into the flesh of other fishes to suck their blood

BONY FISH They have hard, bony skeletons and breath

through gills; have finsExamples:

Spiny Sea HorseTilapia

ANOTHER BONY FISH (THE ANGLER FISH)

CARTILAGINOUS FISH

They have a skeleton made of cartilage They have fins The skin of sharks and rays is similar to the

feel of sand paper (known as dermal teeth)

Blue shark

AMPHIBIAN

Live in water in their first stages of life. Live in land when adults. Hard bony skeletons Breath through gills when young Breath through lungs as adults No scales Smooth skin

Tree frog

AMPHIBIANS OF PUERTO RICO

Coqui grilloCoqui Churí Coqui Pitito

Coqui de la montaña

Asian salamander (not found in Puerto Rico)

ANOTHER COOL AMPHIBIAN

Axolotl salamander ( best known as the “Ajolote)Located in Mexican fresh waters; found in a variety of species.This specie maintain its gills through adulthood, remaining aquatic.

BIRDS Have hard bony

skeleton. Live in land Have jaw

Have feathers Breath through

lungs Most of them can

fly

BIRDS IN PUERTO RICO

Cattle Egret (Garza)

Red-tailed hawk (Guaraguao)

Rubythroat hummingbird

Pitirre Julian Chiví Bien-te-veo

REPTILES

Have hard bony skeleton. Can be found in land or

water. Have hard scales

Some of them have a shell to protect their soft bodies. (example – turtles)

Breath through lungs

PUERTO RICAN REPTILES

Boa de Puerto Rico

Iguana de Mona

Iguana (Gallina de palo)

MAMMALS

Have bony skeletons Breath through lungs Have hair or fur Can move Have jaw

Includes the largest organisms

Can be found almost everywhere

Females can produce milk to feed their young

Whales are the largest mammals of the ocean

MAMMAL EXAMPLES

African elephantMous

e

Bumblebee bat (world’s smallest mammal)

Mono rhesus (can be found in the southwest region of PR

Manatee

MAMMALS CAN FLY!!! BUT ONLY ONE!!

BATS

INVERTEBRATESAre animals without backboneThey do not have an internal skeleton.

They have an EXOSKELETON or external skeleton (shell)

Many invertebrates have a fluid-filled, hydrostatic skeleton, like the jelly

fish or worm. Others have a hard outer shell, like

insects and crustaceans. (hard shell made of protein)

INVERTEBRATES

Includes the groups:

Flatworms and

Roundworms

Segmented worms

Cnidarians

Porifera

Echinoderms

Mollusks

Arthropods

FLATWORMS AND ROUNDWORMS

Live in water, in damp soil or inside other animals.

Have simple structures. Flatworms – Have a flat shape; they

need to live in water or in the wet environment found inside larger animals

Examples of Flatworms - Tapeworms Roundworms – Have a round shape;

have a complete digestive tractExamples of round worms - Hookworms,

pinworms, whipworms,

FLATWORMS

Planarian Fluke worm Tapeworm

ROUNDWORMS

Enterobius vermicularis

(a pinworm)

Hookworm

Trichuris trichiura(a whipworm)

SEGMENTED WORMS Have bodies divided in compartments or

segments Can live in damp soil; some can live in water Examples: Earthworms and leeches

LeechEarthworm

CNIDARIANS Cnidarians have an internal sac for digestion

They have only one opening, a mouth, through

which the animal takes in food and releases

waste.

Tentacles are found around the mouth.

They have stinging cells that they use to capture

their prey (such as fish or other organisms)

Examples:

Jellyfish, Corals, Sea anemones and hydras

CNIDARIANS

Hydras

Jellyfish

Sea anemone

CNIDARIANS (CORAL POLYPS)

CNIDARIANS (CORALS)

PORIFERA (SPONGES)

Live in water

Are found attached to

the ocean floor

They feed filtering

small food particles

from water

Come in different

colors

PORIFERA (SPONGES)

ECHINODERMS

They have spiny skin

Move very slowLive in the oceanExamples:

sea cucumbersea starsand dollarsea urchin

ECHINODERMS

MOLLUSKSLive in waterHave soft bodiesSome of them can be found living

in shells, such as snails, and oysters

Examples:squidsoctopusslugs (babosas)

MOLLUSKSnail

Octopus

Squid

Oyster

ARTHROPODS(MOST ABUNDANT ANIMALS ON EARTH)

Largest group of invertebrates Legs in pairs Hard exoskeleton Can live everywhere, including the inside

of other animals Their body is divided in segments or

appendages Consist of three groups:

Crustaceans, Insects, and Arachnids

ARACHNIDS Have four pairs of

appendages Have one or two body

sections No antennae Spiders produce a

strong silk fiber to make its webs to capture prey

ARACHNIDS

Ticks (female and male)

Golden spiderWhip

spider (el guabá)

Centipede

ARTHROPOD (ARACHNID)EXAMPLE: DUST MITE

INSECTSTheir body consist of three sections

HeadThoraxAbdomen

Three pairs of legsHave antennae and eyes to sense its environment

CRUSTACEANS Are the most abundant animals in the

ocean Examples:

Crabs ShrimpLobster