Animation and SoundPertemuan 02

Matakuliah : L0182 / Web & Animation Design

Tahun : 2008

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Learning Outcomes

Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan

mampu :• Menunjukkan penggunaan Animasi dan Sound pada

Aplikasi Multimedia

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Outline Materi

• Definition• 2D Animation• 3D Animation• Morphing and Warping• Frequency and Amplitude• Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Animation and

Sound

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Definition

• Animation is a sequence of frames that, when played in order at sufficient speed, presents a smoothly moving image like a film or video.

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2D Animation

• 2D animation is the creation of moving pictures in a two-dimensional environment. This is done by sequencing consecutive images, or "frames", that simulate motion by each image showing the next in a gradual progression of steps.

• Two types of 2D animation :– Cel animation : based on changes that occur from one frame to

the next– Path animation : moves an object along a predetermined path

on the screen

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Cel Animation & Path Animation

Cel Animation Path Animation

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3D Animation

• 3D animation is animating objects that appear in a three-dimensional space. They can be rotated and moved like real objects.

• The process of creating 3D computer graphics can be sequentially divided into three basic phases : – Modeling : the process of forming the shape of an object – Animation : defining the object’s motion– Rendering : the process of generating an image from a model,

by means of computer programs.

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Modeling and Rendering

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Animation Special Effects• Morphing : a transformation of images. It is used in

many animations and movies to warp a first image into a second image.

• Warping : the process of digitally manipulating an image such that any shapes portrayed in the image have been significantly distorted.

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Morphing

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Warping

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Animation

• Animation captures the imagination like no other tool, portraying actions and spatial relationships that are not readily visible in reality or that may not exist at all.

• Advantages– Attracts and holds attention

– Show otherwise invisible actions or physical processes

– Increases retention

– Allows visualization of imagined concepts, objects and relationship

• Disadvantages– Requires extensive memory and storage space

– Requires special equipment for a quality presentation

– 2D animation cannot depict actuality like video or photography

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Sound

• Sound is a rapid vibrations that are transmitted as variations in air pressure.

• Described in terms of two characteristics :– Frequency (or pitch)– Amplitude

distancealong waveCycle

Time for one cycle

Amplitude

pitch

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Frequency and Amplitude

• Frequency – The rate at which sound is measured– Number of cycles per second or Hertz (Hz)– Determines the pitch of the sound as heard by our ears– The higher frequency, the clearer and sharper the sound the

higher pitch of sound

• Amplitude– Usually measured in decibels (dB) – Sound’s intensity or loudness– The louder the sound, the larger amplitude.

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Calculating The Size of Digital Audio

• The formula is as follows:

• The answer will be in bytes• Where:

– Sampling rate is in Hz

– Duration/time is in seconds

– Resolution is in bits (1 for 8 bits, 2 for 16 bits)

– Number of channels = 1 for mono, 2 for stereo, etc.

8

channelsofnumberresolutiondurationrate

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Audio Formats

• .WAV (Developed by IBM and Microsoft)

• .AU (UNIX)• .AIFF (Audio Interchange File Format)• .MP3 (MPEG layer 3)• .SND (Mac)• .RA (RealAudio)• .WMA (Windows Media Audio)• .VOC (SoundBlaster)

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Software for Creating Audio

Adobe Audition

Cakewalk Pro Audio

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Audio

• Sound adds life to any multimedia application and plays important role in effective marketing presentations

• Advantages– Ensure important information is noticed– Add interest – Can communicate more directly than other medi

• Disadvantages– Easily overused– Requires special equipment for quality production– Not as memorable as visual media