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13

&= http://www.bbc.co.uk/nepali/news/story/2006/09/060912_disappearance.shtml*= http://nagariknews.com/politics/party-politics/20828-2010-11-28-14-39-26.html(= http://www.cmprachanda.com/samachar-detail.php?id=565583143226!)= http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/asia/south-asia/nepal/184-nepal-peace-and-

justice.aspx¿alt_lang=ne-NP!!= http://202.166.193.40/kantipur/news/news-detail.php?news_id=225576


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:yfoL 7]ufgf M emfkf lhNnf afx'g8f“uL uflj;–%, uf]nf6f/

afa'sf] gfd M /fdk|;fb ;'j]bLcfdfsf] gfd M /f]lxgLb]jL ;'j]bLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fafx'g8fFuL uflj;–% sf @% jifL{of g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ 3gf ;'j]bLnfO{ @)%( k'; !#ut] ef/tLo k|x/Ln] l;nu'8Laf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lrf/cfnL ;]gfsf] Aof/]sdf a'emfPsf] lyof]. kLl8tTo; a]nf b]lv g} rf/cfnL Aof/]saf6 a]kQfePsf] lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no emfkfn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofFF /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#_ zflGt/fd e§/fO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ dª\l;/ !*÷#$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ % ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}F+ lhNnfsfdgkf–!), goF“ afg]Zj/k]zf M hflu/:yfoL 7]ufgf M emfkf lhNnf a}u'gwf/f

uflj;–(j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M 6+sf e§/fO{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷@

ljj/0fa}u'gwf/f uflj;–( sf#$ jifL{o dfcf]jfbLlgs6 clvn g]kfndhb'/ 6«]8 o'lgog ;b:ozlGt/fd e§/fO{nfO{sf7df8f}F + lhNnfsf]sf7df8f}F+ dgkf gofFafg]Zj/l:yt sf]7fdf

@)^) d+l;/ % ut] ;fwf kf];fsdf cfPsf zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfn]] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8t sf7df8f}F+

17

!=! emfkf


dgkfl:yt Ps ud{]6 sDkgLdf g]skf dfcf]jfbLlgs6 dhb'/ kmfF6df sfd ub{}{ cfPsf lyP. kLl8tdfcf]jfbL lgs6 clvn g]kfn dhb'/ 6«]8 o'lgog;b:o lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no emfkfn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofFF /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$_ lw/]Gb| a:g]thGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) df3 !^÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ @* ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}F+ lhNnf

sfdgkf–!$, snª\sLk]zf M ljBfyL{ -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

nlntk'/ lhNnf ;b:o_:yfoL 7]ufgf M emfkf lhNnf bds gkf–@afa'sf] gfd M eLdaxfb'/ a:g]tcfdfsf] gfd M rGb|s'df/L a:g]tj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fbds gkf–@ sf @)jifL{o g]skf dfcf]jfbLnlntk'/ lhNnf ;b:olw/]Gb| a:g]tnfO{ @)^)dª\l;/ @* ut]sf7df8f}F + lhNnfsf]sf7df8f}F + dgkf–!$,sn+sLaf6 zfxL g]kfnL

;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L e}/jgfy u0fdf nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no emfkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofFF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%_ k'ik a:g]thGd ldlt÷pd]/ M )#% k'; !&÷ @% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^) dª\l;/ !( ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}F+ lhNnf

sfdgkf–!#, sfnLdf6Lrf]s

k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf7df8f}F+ lhNnf ;b:o_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M emfkf lhNnf bds gkf–@afa'sf] gfd M eLdaxfb'/ a:g]tcfdfsf] gfd M rGb|s'df/L a:g]tj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fbds gkf–@ sf @% jifL{og]skf dfcf]jfbL sf7df8f}F+lhNnf ;b:o k'ika:g]tnfO{ @)^) d+l;/!( ut] sf7df8f}F +lhNnfsf] sf7df8f}F +dgkf–!#, sfnLdf6Lrf]saf6 zfxL g]kfnL

;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L e}/jgfy u0f nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no emfkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofFF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-^_ rt'/dfgl;+x /fhj+zLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## c;f]h !*÷@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%( k'; !# ut]36gf:yn M emfkf lhNnf b'jfu9L

uflj;–$, rf/cfnL ;}lgs Aof/]s

k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M emfkf lhNnf

xlNbjf/L uflj;–@afa'sf] gfd M kftn' /fhj+zLcfdfsf] gfd M cfGb|L /fhj+zLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M uLtf /fhj+zL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)

ljj/0fxlNbjf/L uflj;–@ sf @^ jifL{o g]skf dfcf]jfbL;b:o rt'/dfgl;+x /fhj+zLnfO{ @)%( k'; !#ut] ef/tsf] l;nu'8L a;kfs{af6 ef/tLo k|x/Ln]

18


dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdflu/ˆtf/ u/L ;f]xL lbgg]kfn k|x/LnfO{ ;'k'{buL{u/]sf] / zfxL g]kfnL;]gfn] rf/cfnLAof/]sdf nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. kLl8t g]skf

dfcf]jfbL ;b:o lyP. ;f]xL 36gfdf pgLnufot^ hgf lu/ˆtf/ ePsf lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no emfkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofFF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-&_ ;'/]z kf]v/]n ‘w|'j’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* sflt{s @(÷#! jif{ lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; !# ut]36gf:yn M emfkf lhNnf b'jfu9L


k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL OGrfh{_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M emfkf lhNnf ;'?ª\uf uflj;–!

afa'sf] gfd M k'ik/fh kf]v/]ncfdfsf] gfd M /fwfb]jL kf]v/]nj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f;'?ª\uf uflj;–! sf #! jifL{o g]skf dfcf]jfbLOGrfh{ ;'/]z kf]v/]nnfO{ @)%( k'; !# ut]ef/tsf] l;nu'8L a;kfs{af6 ef/tLo k|x/Ln]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf lu/ˆtf/ u/L ;f]xL lbgg]kfn k|x/LnfO{ ;'k'b{uL{ u/]sf] / zfxL g]kfnL;]gfn] rf/cfnL Aof/]sdf nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. ;f]xL 36gfdf pgLnufot ^hgf lu/ˆtf/ ePsf lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no emfkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofFF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-*_ ;Demgf clwsf/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* k'; !÷#! jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; !# ut]36gf:yn M emfkf lhNnf b'jfu9L


k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M emfkf lhNnf ;'?ª\uf uflj;–(, hfd'gfaf8L

afa'sf] gfd M k'iknfn clwsf/Lcfdfsf] gfd M k|]ds'df/L clwsf/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f;'?ª\uf uflj;–(, hfd'gfaf8Lsf #! jifL{of g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ ;Demgf clwsf/LnfO{ @)%(k'; !# ut] ef/tsf] l;nu'8L a;kfs{af6 ef/tLok|x/Ln] dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf lu/ˆtf/ u/L ;f]xLlbg g]kfn k|x/LnfO{ ;'k'{buL{ u/]sf] / zfxL g]kfnL;]gfn] rf/cfnL Aof/]sdf nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5.;f]xL 36gfdf pgLnufot ^hgf lu/ˆtf/ ePsf lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no emfkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofFF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-(_ r'8fdl0f rf}nfufO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))# c;f/ *÷%* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! ;fpg @ ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}F+ lhNnf hf]/kf6L

uflj;–%, hf]/kf6Lk]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M emfkf lhNnf uf]nwfk

uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M /fdrGb| rf}nfufO{cfdfsf] gfd M g/dfof rf}nfufO{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /Ltf rf}nfufO{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)

19


ljj/0fuf]nwfk uflj;–& sf %* jifL{o r'8fdl0frf}nfufO{ @)^! ;fpg @ ut] dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf ;fbf kf];fsdf cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df xfn;Dd c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no emfkfn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofFF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!)_ tf/f l/hfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! dª\l;/ @# ut]÷@* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; !# ut]36gf:yn M emfkf lhNnf b'jfu9L

uflj;–$, a6'sbn ;}lgs Aof/]s k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M emfkf lhNnf uf}/fbx

uflj;afa'sf] gfd M hok|;fb l/hfncfdfsf] gfd M rGb|snf l/hfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fuf}/fbx uflj; lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ @*jifL{o tf/f l/hfnnufot 5hgfnfO{ )%( k'; !#ut] ef/tLo k|x/Ln] ef/tsf] l;nu'8L a;kfs{af6lu/km\tf/ u/L g]kfn k|x/LnfO{ ;'k'b{uL u¥of].g]kfn k|x/Ln] bfxfnnfO{ ;]gfsf] a6'sbn Aof/]srf/cfnLnfO{ a'emfPkl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no emfkfn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!!_ ld>Lnfn wfdLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# c;f/ !% ut]÷#^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; !# ut]36gf:yn M emfkf lhNnf b'jfu9L

uflj;–$, a6'sbn ;}lgs Aof/]s

k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M emfkf lhNnf zlgZr/] uflj;–&

afa'sf] gfd M gfkLnfn lwdfncfdfsf] gfd M g/dfof lwdfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fzlgZr/] uflj;–& lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ #^jifL{o ld>Lnfn lwdfnnufot 5hgfnfO{ )%(k'; !# ut] ef/tLo k|x/Ln] ef/tsf] l;nu'8La;kfs{af6 lu/km\tf/ u/L g]kfn k|x/LnfO{;'k'b{uL u¥of]. g]kfn k|x/Ln] lwdfnnfO{ ;]gfsf]a6'sbn rf/cfnLnfO{ a'emfPkl5 xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no emfkfn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

g]kfn k|x/Laf6-!@_ /fh]Gb| l3ld/] ‘rGb|’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( ebf} @! ut]÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) ebf} @! ut]36gf:yn M df]/ª lhNnf

d[uf}lnof uflj;k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M emfkf lhNnf /fhu9

uflj;–%, a'6fjf/Lafa'sf] gfd M /Tgaxfb'/ l3ld/]cfdfsf] gfd M zf]ef l3ld/]j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f/fhu9 uflj;–% sf @!jifL{o g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ rGb| elgg]/fh]Gb| l3ld/]nfO{ @)^)ebf} @! ut] df]/ªlhNnfsf] d[uf}lnof

20



;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ uf]s'n lg/f}nfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ ebf} !)÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ;fpg36gf:yn M sf7df8f}F+, afuahf/k]zf M ljBfyL{ -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M Onfd lhNnf kmfskmf]s

uflj;–!, l7u]k'/afa'sf] gfd M 1fgaxfb'/ lg/f}nfcfdfsf] gfd M bLkdfof lg/f}nfj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fkmfskmf]s uflj;–!, l7u]k'/sf @# jifL{o g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ uf]s'n lg/f}nfnfO{ @)%(;fpg dlxgfdf sf7df8f}F+ lhNnfsf] sf7df8f}F+dxfgkf, afuahf/af6 ;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-@_ cudl;+x /fO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) ;fpg ^÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! h]7 & ut]36gf:yn M Onfd lhNnf dfa' uflj;

uflj;af6 g]kfn k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u/L lj/f6gu/pkdxfgkf If]qLo k|x/L sfof{nodf nu]sf]dfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noemfkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofFFFF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

k]zf M s[lif -g]skf dfcf]jfbL ;b:o_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M Onfd lhNnf k'jfdh'jf uflj;–*

afa'sf] gfd M t]haxfb'/ /fO{cfdfsf] gfd M g/Ldfof /fO{j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fk'jfdh'jf uflj;–* sf @! jifL{o cudl;+x/fO{nfO{ @)^! h]7 & ut] g]skf dfc]fjfbLn] dfa'uflj;sf] dflyNnf] u'Dafaf6 ckx/0f u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.kLl8tnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] kf6L{df nfUg' k5{ egLaf/Daf/ bjfasf] sf/0f ljb]z hfg tof/ ePsf]s'/f dfcf]jfbLn] yfxf kfPkl5 pgsf] kl/jf/nfO{stf k7fPsf] egL ckx/0f ug{] wDsL lbPsf lyP.dfcf]jfbLn] ljb]z ghfg / uP cleefsnfO{ g}ckx/0f ug{] s'/f bfh' l8NnLn] eg]kl5 3/af6/ftL g} efu]. efUb} ubf{ dfcf]jfbLx¿n] ck/x0fu/L kf6L{df lxF8fPsf lyP. To; lbgb]lv pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n] lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{nodf a]kQf ePsf] eGb} ph'/L lbPsf lyP.


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ kbds'df/ /fO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& ;fpg $÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s @^ ut]36gf:yn M kf“ry/ lhNnf lkmlbd

uflj;–!, lhNnf k|zf;gsfo{fno

k]zf M s[lif

!=@ Onfd

!=# kf“ry/


!=$ tfKn]h'ªkL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-!_ ls/0f lnDa"hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## kmfu'g÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h !* ut]36gf:yn M tfKn]h'ª lhNnf

gfDvf]Nofª uflj;, P];]Da':yfoL 7]ufgf M lndlvd uflj;–^,

tfKn]h'ªafa'sf] gfd M k|]daxfb'/ lnDa"j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

ljj/0flndlvd uflj;–^ sf @& jifL{o ls/0f lnDa"nfO{g]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] @)^) c;f]h !* ut]laxfg gfDvf]Nofª uflj;, P];]Da'af6 ck/x0fu/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.pgL;Fu} ckx/0f u/]sf cGo b'O{ hgfnfO{ #lbgkl5 )^) c;f]h @@ ut] d'St u/]sf lyP eg]kLl8tsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

-@_ nf]saxfb'/ ;fD;f]xfª\uhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@! dª\l;/÷#( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h !* ut]36gf:yn M kf“ry/ lhNnf cf]ofd

uflj;–^:yfoL 7]ufgf M tfKn]h'ª lhNnf 8'ld|;]

uflj;–^ j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /fds'df/L ;fD;f]xfª\u5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@

ljj/0f8'ld|;] uflj;–^ sf nf]saxfb'/ ;fD;f]xfªunfO{@)^) c;f]h !* ut] ;;'/fnL uPsf a]nfkfFry/ lhNnfsf] cf]od uflj;–^ af6 g]skfdfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5.

:yfoL 7]ufgf M kf“ry/ lhNnf k|fªj'ª uflj;–$

afa'sf] gfd M b]jLk|;fb /fO{cfdfsf] gfd M Zofddfof /fO{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M sljtf /fO{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷@

ljj/0fk|fªa'ª uflj;–$ sf @#jifL{o kbds'df/ /fO{nfO{@)^) sflt{s @^ ut]lkmlbd uflj;–! l:ytlhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 ;'/IffsdL{n]dfcf]fjfbLsf] cf/f]kdflu/ˆtf/ u/L j6's bn

u0f Aof/]sdf nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. kLl8t gful/tf agfpg uPsf] ;dodfdfcf]jfbLsf] cfzª\sfdf k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf]k|ToIfbzL{ pgsf afa' b]jLk|;fb /fO{n] atfP.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-@_ x]dGt e§/fO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$& dª\l;/ !#÷!@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( dª\l;/ !# ut]36gf:yn M kf“ry/ lhNnf of;f]s

uflj;–&, k'jf“k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M kf“ry/ lhNnf

of;f]s uflj;–&, k'jf“afa'sf] gfd M lszf]/rGb| e§/fO{cfdfsf] gfd M l;tfb]jfL e§/fO{j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fof;f]s uflj;–& k'jfFsf !@ jifL{o x]dGte§/fO{nfO{ @)%( d+l;/ !# ut] g]skf dfcf]jfbLn]ljBfno uPsf] cj:yfdf ;f]xL uflj;sf] k[YjLpRr dfljaf6 ckx/0f u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5.


/fv]sf] OGb|k'/ uflj;–$ sf x/Lk|;fb b+ufnn]k'jL{ k[tgfdf vfgf vfbfF d];df b]v]sf lyP.kLl8t g]skf dfcf]jfbL lgs6 clvn g]kfn;f+:s[lts ;ª\3 s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf lyP. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no df]/ªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@_ kGgfnfn kf;jfghGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* ÷ ## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! sflt{s !$ ut]36gf:yn M df]/ª lhNnf /ª\u]nL

uflj;, ef/tLo l;dfk]zf M Hofnfbf/L -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]/ª lhNnf bfb/j}l/of

uflj;–#, sfnfahf/afa'sf] gfd M ;]lanfn kf;jfgcfdfsf] gfd M pdL{nfb]jL kf;jfgj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M sNkgfb]jL kf;jfg5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷#

ljj/0fbfb/a}l/of uflj;–# sf ## jifL{o g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ kGgfnfn kf;jfgnfO{ @)^!sflt{s !$ ut] kf6L{sf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf ef/tuPsf] cj:yfdf ef/tLo k|x/Lsf] ;xof]udfOnfsf /+u]nLl:yt ;+o'St ;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no df]/ªn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-#_ dLgf lnDa"hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* ebf} !#÷@# jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^! j}zfv @) ut]36gf:yn M df]/ª lhNnf df]tLk'/

uflj;k]zf M ljBfyL{

23


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ bftf/fd ltlD;gfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@& df3 @*÷## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h !) ut]36gf:yn M df]/ª lhNnf lj/f6gu/

pkdgkf–%, a/uf5L cRo't lrp/fldn

k]zf M lzIfs:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]/ª lhNnf zlgZr/]

uflj;–!afa'sf] gfd M ltnk|;fb ltlD;gfcfdfsf] gfd M lji0f'dfof ltlD;gfj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fzlgZr/] uflj;–! sfg]skf dfcf]jfbL lgs6clvn g]kfn ;fFs[lts;+3sf s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf## jifL{o bftf/fdltlD;gnfO{ @)^)c;f]h !) ut] # ah]lbpF;f] lj/f6gu/

pkdgkf–% l:yt cr't /fO;ldn k5fl8 nIdLclwsf/L / hfg'sf clwsf/Lsf] 3/glhs k'hf/L9sfnsf] 3/df snaf6 kfgL lgsfnL lkpFb} ubf{lhk|sf df]/ª / tTsfnLg zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]%) hgf hltsf] ;'/IffsdL{n] 3]/f xfnL lu/ˆtf/u/]sf] lyof]. To;kl5 nIdL clwsf/Lsf] 3/dfnu]/ kflN:6ssf] 8f]/Ln] xft afFw]/ Eofgdf xfnLlj/f6gu/ ljdfg:yntkm{ nu]. @)^) c;f]h !@ut] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] O6x/L gkfl:yt k'jL{k[tgf nu]sf] / @)^) c;f]h @@ ;Dd ToxLF

!=% df]/ª


:jf:YosdL{ /fd]Zj/d08nsf]df pkrf/u/fpg hfFb} ubf{ ;f]xLuflj;–% sf] s]/f}~heGg] :yfgdf lbpF;f] @ah] /ª\u]nLaf6 d'vdfsfnf] k6\6L afFw]/ ;fbfkf]zfsdf cfPsf

;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf]/ªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%_ nIdL vltj8fhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ k'; !%÷@# jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} @% ut]36gf:yn M ;'g;/L lhNnf vgf/ uflj;k]zf M /fhgLlt-g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]/ª lhNnf x;gbx

uflj;–!afa'sf] gfd M hgsnfn vltj8fcfdfsf] gfd M /Tgdfof vltj8fj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fx;gbx uflj;–! sf @# jifL{o g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ nIdL vltj8f @)%( ebf} @% ut]sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf ;'g;/L lhNnfsf] vgf/uflj; uPsf] cj:yfdf O6x/Laf6 cfPsf;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf]/ªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-^_ s'a]/ cfkfufO{+\hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& c;f/ !÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @( ut]36gf:yn M df]/ª lhNnf lj/f6gu/

pkdxfgkf–^, ;Demfgf rf]s

:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]/ª lhNnf O6x/f uflj;–^, bfa|fle6f

afa'sf] gfd M rGb|hLt lnDa"cfdfsf] gfd M lji0f'dfo lnDa"j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fO6x/f uflj;–^,bfa|fle6f sf @# jifL{ofg]skf dfcf]jfbL lgs6clvn g]kfn dlxnf;ª\3sf dLgf lnDa"nfO{@)^! j}zfv @) ut]kf6L{ sfdsf]l;nl;nfdf df]tLk'/

uflj; uPsf] cj:yfdf ;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.kLl8t g]skf dfcf]jfbL lgs6 clvn g]kfndlxnf ;ª\3df cfa4 lyOg\. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no df]/ªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$_ 6ª\s nfdfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) c;f]h !$÷#) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s @ ut]36gf:yn M df]/ª lhNnf

uf]ljGbk'/–%, s]/f}~hfk]zf M Jofkf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]/ª lhNnf uf]ljGbk'/

uflj;–!afa'sf] gfd M lhjgfy tfdfªcfdfsf] gfd M dgdfof tfdfªj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M nLnfdfof tfdfª5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fuf]ljGbk'/ uflj;–! sf #) jifL{o 6ª\s nfdfnfO{@)^) sflt{s @ ut] lj/fdL ePsf]n] l5d]sL


k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]/ª lhNnf pnf{jf/L

uflj;–@, :s'n8f“8fafa'sf] gfd M t'n;Lk|;fb cfkfufO{cfdfsf] gfd M ;'eb|f cfkfufO{j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fpnf{jf/L uflj;–@,:s"n8fF8f sf @# jifL{og]skf dfcf]jfbL lgs6clvn g]kfn 6«]8 o'lgogdxf;ª\3sf s'a]/cfkfufO{+nfO{ @)^) c;f]h@( ut] lj/f6gu/pkdxfgkf–^, ;Demgf

rf]saf6 ;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8t g]skfdfcf]jfbL lgs6 clvn g]kfn 6«]8 o'lgogdxf;+3df cfj4 lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf]/ªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

g]kfn k|x/Laf6-&_ gj/fh lnDa"hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) ebf} %÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) ebf} @! ut]36gf:yn M df]/ª lhNnf x/}rf

uflj;, x/}rf ahf/k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]/ª lhNnf lz;jfgL

uflj;–^afa'sf] gfd M cd[taxfb'/ lnDa"cfdfsf] gfd M dfOtLdfof lnDa"j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0flz;jfgL uflj;–^ sf @) jifL{o g]skf dfcf]jfbLOnfsf sld6L ;lrj gj/fh lnDa"nfO{ @)^)ebf} @! ut] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no x/}rfsf

tTsfnLg OGrfh{ c;O{ ch'{g kf]v/]nsf] g]t[Tjdfx/}rf uflj;sf] x/}rf ahf/af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.lu/ˆtf/kl5 ;f]xL lbg kLl8tsf] 3/dfvfgtnf;L u/L dxTjk"[0f{ sfuhft / kmf]6f]x¿;d]t k|x/Ln] hkmt u/]sf] lyof].

-*_ uf]kfn bª\ufnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% c;f/ !@÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h !) ut]36gf:yn M df]/ª lhNnf lj/f6gu/

pkdxfgkf–!!, dw'df/f:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]/ª lhNnf

uf]ljGbk'/ uflj;–!afa'sf] gfd M l8NnLk|;fb b+ufncfdfsf] gfd M t'n;f b+ufnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fuf]ljGbk'/ uflj;–! sf @%jifL{o uf]kfn bª\ufnnfO{@)^) c;f]h !) ut]lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgkf–!!,dw'df/faf6 k|x/Ln]lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g

sfof{no df]/ªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]fjfbLaf6-(_ v]d/fh ;/bf/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@% df3 @*÷#& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ kmfu'g @% ut]36gf:yn M df]/ª lhNnf bfb/j}l/of

uflj;–!, a}l/ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]/ª lhNnf bfb/j}l/of

uflj;–!, a}l/of


afa'sf] gfd M d'/Lnfn ;/bf/cfdfsf] gfd M ;'gf ;/bf/j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ZofdjtL ;/bf/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷#cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fbfb/j}l/of uflj;–!, a}l/of sf #& jifL{o v]d/fh;bf/nfO{ @)^@ kmfu'g @% ut] g]skf dfcf]jfbLn];f]xL uflj;l:yt cfˆg} 3/af6 /ftL ;'t]sf]a]nfdf tkfO{;Fu s]xL ;f]Wg' 5 egL nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no df]/ªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!)_ ch'{g vjf;hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ c;f]h $÷#* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ j}zfv @# ut]36gf:yn M df]/ª lhNnf ynfxf

uflj;–!, tsLof:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]/ª lhNnf ynfxf

uflj;–@afa'sf] gfd M lji0f' vjf;cfdfsf] gfd M cfgf]b]jL vjf;j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M uxLjtLs'df/L vjf;5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷#

ljj/0fynfxf uflj;–!tsLofsf #* jifL{o ch'{gvjf;nfO{ @)^@ j}zfv@# ut] l5d]sL dbgvjf;sf] 3/df ljjfxef]h vfg uPsf]cj:yfdf d'vdf k§LafFw]/ cfPsf g]skf

dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{n] ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8tsL

kTgLn] cfˆgf kltnfO{ g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf lhNnfsld6L ;b:o afn]Zj/ sfdtsf] lgb]{zgdfckx/0f u/]sf] atfOg\. ;f]xL 36gfdf kLl8t;Fu}kLl8tsf ^ jifL{o 5f]/f clht vjf; klgck/x0fdf k/]sf lyP. kLl8tsf 5f]/fsf] klgcj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no df]/ªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!!_ clht vjf;hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)%% r}t @(÷^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ j}zfv @# ut]36gf:yn M df]/ª lhNnf ynfxf

uflj;–!, tsLof:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]/ª lhNnf ynfxf

uflj;–@afa'sf] gfd M ch'{g vjf;cfdfsf] gfd M uxLjtLs'df/L vjf;j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fynfxf uflj;–! tsLofsf ^ jifL{o clhtvjf;nfO{ @)^@ j}zfv@# ut] cfˆgfafa'sf];Fu l5d]sL dbgvjf;sf] 3/df ljjfxef]h vfg uPsf]cj:yfdf d'vdf k6\6L

afFw]/ cfPsf g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{n]pgsf afa' lji0f' vjf;;Fu} ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]dfpgLx¿sf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no df]/ªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!@_ rGb| zfxLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!$÷$& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! ;fpg #! ut]36gf:yn M df]/ª lhNnf zlgZr/]

uflj;


ljj/0fky/L uflj;–( sf/fhg /fO{nfO{ @)^!sflt{s !% ut] g]skfdfcf]jfbLn] ;f]xLuflj;l:yt cfˆg}3/af6 ckx/0f u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5.

lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no df]/ªn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]/ª lhNnf

ky/L uflj;–#afa'sf] gfd M ledaxfb'/ zfxLcfdfsf] gfd M u+uf zfxLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷$

ljj/0fky/L uflj;–# sf $&jifL{o rGb| zfxLnfO{@)^! ;fpg #! ut]g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{ zlgZr/]uflj;sf d'lSt /fO{;lxt^ hgfn] sf7 t:s/Lu/]sf] cf/f]kdf zlgZr/]

uflj;af6 lgoGq0fdf lnPsf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8tsf l5d]sL ab|Ldfoftfdfª cfˆgf] 5f]/fnfO{ e]6\g PSn} hfg g;s]/kLl8tnfO{ ;fy lnP/ uPsf] cj:yfdf g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] kLl8tnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnPsflyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no df]/ªn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!#_ /fhg /fO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ k'; !%÷#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! sflt{s !% ut]36gf:yn M df]/ª lhNnf ky/L

uflj;–(k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]/ª lhNnf ky/L

uflj;–(afa'sf] gfd M dgLs'df/ /fO{cfdfsf] gfd M /fddfof /fO{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M xs{dfof /fO{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ /0f ;Dz]/ -tf/f_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ c;f/ )#÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( d+l;/36gf:yn M eStk'/ lhNnf eStk'/ gkf k]zf M /fhgLlt-g]skf dfcf]jfbL

lhNnf ;b:o_ :yfoL 7]ufgf M ;'g;/L lhNnf lji0f'kfb'sf

uflj;–%afa'sf] gfd M 5qaxfb'/ ;Dz]/cfdfsf] gfd M dgs'df/L ;Dz]/j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0flji0f'kfb'sf uflj;–% sf @% jifL{o g]skfdfcf]fjfbL lhNnf ;b:o /0f ;Dz]/nfO{ @)%(d+l;/df ;'/IffsdL{ eStk'/ lhNnfsf] eStk'/gkfaf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no

!=^ ;'g;/L


;'g;/Ln] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@_ hos'df/ zfx -l/;s_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@& c;f/ )!÷#@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 !% ut]36gf:yn M ;'g;/L lhNnf jsnf}/L

uflj;–$k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL Pl/of sld6L ;b:o_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;'g;/L lhNnf 8'd|fxf uflj;–%

afa'sf] gfd M lbnaxfb'/ zfxcfdfsf] gfd M kbds'df/L zfxj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f8'd|fxf uflj;–% sf #@jifL{o g]skf dfcf]jfbLPl/of sld6L ;b:ohos'df/ zfx -l/;s_nfO{@)%( h]7 !% ut];'/IffsdL{n] dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf jsnf}/Luflj;–$ l:yt cfˆg}

3/df a;L /x]sf] cj:yfdf lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;'g;/Ln] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-#_ k'ik e08f/L -zzL_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@@ k'; !%÷#* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s # ut]36gf:yn M ;'g;/L lhNnf w/fg gkfk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

Pl/of sld6L ;b:o_

28

:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;'g;/L lhNnf O6x/L gkf–$

afa'sf] gfd M ;ld/axfb'/ e08f/Lcfdfsf] gfd M dfgs'df/L e08f/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M hd'gf e08f/LcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M &

ljj/0fO6x/L gkf–$ sf #*jifL{o g]skf dfcf]jfbLPl/of sld6L ;b:ozzL elgg] k'ike08f/LnfO{ @)^)sflt{s # ut] w/fggkfsf] w/fg ahf/dflxFl8/x]sf] cj:yfdf

;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5.

-$_ lr/~hLjL uf}td -lqnf]s_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))^ sflt{s !&÷%# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 !% ut]36gf:yn M ;'g;/L lhNnf jsnf}/L

uflj;–$k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

lhNnf ;b:o_:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;'g;/L lhNnf

efbufp“ l;g'jf/L uflj;–%

afa'sf] gfd M >Lljzfn uf}tdcfdfsf] gfd M cof]Wof uf}tdj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M uf]df uf}td5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fefbufpF l;g'jf/L uflj;–% sf %# jifL{o g]skfdfcf]jfbL lhNnf ;b:o lqnf]s elgg] lr/~hLjL


uf}tdnfO{ @)%( h]7!% ut] ;'/IffsdL{n]jsnf}/L uflj;–$kFGrfotdf ;fyLlbkssf] 3/df /x]sf]a]nf lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5.

lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;'g;/Ln] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-%_ hok|sfz kxf8LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))!÷^) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! j}zfv $ ut]36gf:yn M ;'g;/L efbufp“ l;g'jf/L

uflj;–%k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL ;dy{s_:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;'g;/L efbufpF l;g'jf/L

uflj;–%afa'sf] gfd M s[i0fk|;fb kxf8Lcfdfsf] gfd M wgdfof kxf8Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M xl/dfof kxf8L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fefbufpF l;g'jf/Luflj;–% sf ^) jifL{og]skf dfcf]jfbL ;dy{shok|sfz kxf8LnfO{;fbf kf];fsdf cfPsf;'/IffsdL{n] @)^!j}zfv $ ut] ;f]xLuflj;l:yt 3/b]vL

pQ/ tkm{ rt/f hfg] af6f]af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;'g;/Ln] kLl8t

kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-^_ r]tgfy 9'ªufgf -;LPg_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ c;f]h &÷@* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) ebf} )& ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}F+ lhNnf

sf7df8f}F+ dxfgkfk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;'g;/L lhNnf l;ª\luof

uflj;–(afa'sf] gfd M k'Gok|;fb 9'ª\ufgfcfdfsf] gfd M vu]Gb|b]jL 9'ª\ufgfj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cg' k|wfg 9'ª\ufgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fl;ª\luof uflj;–( sf@* jifL{o g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf ;LPgelgg] r]tgfy9'ªufgfnfO{ @)^) ebf})& ut] sfe|] lhNnfaf6cf}ifwL lnP/ km{sg]qmddf sf7df8f}F+ dgkfdf

;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L e}/jgfy u0f nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no ;'g;/Ln] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-&_ pQd lnDa"hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ c;f/ @%÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 !$ ut]36gf:yn M ;'g;/L lhNnf dx]Gb|gu/

uflj;–$, rqm36Lk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL, sdf08/_


;'ltx]sf] cj:yfdf ;'/IffsdL{n] 3]/f xfnL pQdlnDa"sf] 3/ b]vf egL lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no ;'g;/Ln] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-(_ xs{ dfemLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@% c;f/ &÷#$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 !$ ut]36gf:yn M ;'g;/L lhNnf dx]Gb|gu/

uflj;–$, rqm36Lk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;'g;/L lhNnf

dx]Gb|gu/ uflj;–$, rqm36L

afa'sf] gfd M d+unaxfb'/ dfemLcfdfsf] gfd M gGbs'df/L dfemLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;Gtdfof dfemL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fdx]Gb|gu/ uflj;–$, rqm36L sf #$ jifL{og]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ xs{ dfemLnfO{ @)%(h]7 !$ ut] ;f]xL uflj;l:yt cfˆg} 3/df;'ltx]sf] cj:yfdf ;'/IffsdL{n] s]xL sfd 5 egLp7fP/ nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;'g;/Ln] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!)_ bLks ljs -k|Hjn_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#&÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 !% ut]36gf:yn M ;'g;/L lhNnf jsnf}/L

uflj;–$k]zf M /fhgLlt-g]skf dfcf]jfbL

Pl/of sld6L ;b:o_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;'g;/L lhNnf dx]Gb|gu/uflj;–$, rqm36L

afa'sf] gfd M dr]Gb|s'df/ lnDa"cfdfsf] gfd M bgdfof lnDa"j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fdx]Gb|gu/ uflj;–$,rqm36L sf @% jifL{og]skf dfcf]jfbL,sdf08/ pQd lnDa"nfO{@)%( h]7 !$ ut] ;f]xLuflj;l:yt cfˆg} 3/df;'ltx]sf] cj:yfdf ;'/Iff–sdL{n] dfcf]jfbLsf]

cf/f]kdf lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no;'g;/Ln] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-*_ xl/axfb'/ du/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ r}t &÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 !$ ut]36gf:yn M ;'g;/L dx]Gb|gu/

uflj;–$, rqm36Lk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;'g;/L dx]Gb|gu/

uflj;–$, rqm36Lafa'sf] gfd M bnaxfb'/ du/cfdfsf] gfd M x/Ldfof du/j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;'idf du/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fdx]Gb|gu/ uflj;–$, rqm36L sf @% jifL{og]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ xl/axfb'/ du/nfO{@)%( h]7 !$ ut] ;f]xL uflj;l:yt cfˆg} 3/df


:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;'g;/L lhNnf jsnf}/L uflj;–$

afa'sf] gfd M lj?bf; ljscfdfsf] gfd M kfj{tL ljsj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fjsnf}/L uflj;–$ sf@@ jifL{o g]skfdfcf]jfbL Pl/of sld6L];b:o k|Hjn elgg]bLks ljsnfO{ @)%(h]7 !% ut] ;f]xLuflj;l:yt cfˆg} 3/dfb'O{ hgf ;fyL;Fu

al;/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;'/IffsdL{sf] 6f]nLn] lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df xfn;Dd cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no ;'g;/Ln] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!!_ lg/fhg kf7shGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& h]7 !(÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) ;fpg !$ ut]36gf:yn M ;'g;/L lhNnf >Lk'/hAbL

uflj;–^, ofbj6f]nk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL ufp“ sld6L OGrfh{_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;'g;/L lhNnf xl/k'/ uflj;–#

afa'sf] gfd M lgTofgGb kf7scfdfsf] gfd M ljgfb]jL kf7sj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fxl/k'/ uflj;–# sf @# jifL{o g]skf dfcf]jfbLufpF sld6L OGrfh{ lg/fhg kf7snfO{;'/IffsdL{n] @)^) ;fpg !$ ut] >Lk'/

uflj;–^, ofbj6f]ndfa}7s ug{ uPsf]cj:yfdf lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no;'g;/Ln] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF

/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!@_ lbg]z rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( d+l;/ %÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ k'; @@ ut]36gf:yn M ;'g;/L lhNnf b'xjL

uflj;k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{sft{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;'g;/L lhNnf k"jf{s'zfxf

uflj;–%afa'sf] gfd M ehgnfn rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M /]nLb]jL rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M e'§Lb]jL rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0fk"j{s'zfxf uflj;–% sf@# jifL{o g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ lbg]zrf}w/LnfO{ @)^@ k'; @@ut] ;'/IffsdL{n] b'xjLuflj;sf] b'xjLahf/l:yt d}bfˆofS6«Laf6 sfd u/L 3/

kms{g] qmddf lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no ;'g;/Ln] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.


:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;'g;/L lhNnf dw];f uflj;–%

afa'sf] gfd M ef]nfgfy l/hfncfdfsf] gfd M 5doGtLb]jL l/hfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0fdw];f uflj;–% sf @#jifL{o g]skf dfcf]jfbLs]lGb|o ;b:o lIflthelgg] b]jxl/ l/hfnnfO{@)%( ebf} @$ ut]xfF;kf];f uflj;–@,cfFkuf5L l:yt ;fyLsf]3/ uPsf] cj:yfdf

k"[jL{ k[tgf d'Vofno O6x/Laf6 v6LPsf] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-!%_ ef]h/fh ltlD;gfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( k'; !)÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ k'; @^ ut]36gf:yn M ;'g;/L dx]Gb|gu/

uflj;–(, ;fnaGbLk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;'g;/L dx]Gb|gu/

uflj;–(, ;fnaGbLafa'sf] gfd M d]xgLk|;fb ltlD;gfcfdfsf] gfd M sf}l;nf ltlD;gfj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fdx]Gb|gu/ uflj;–(,;fnaGbL sf @@ jifL{oef]h/fh ltlD;gfnfO{@)^@ k'; @^ ut] g]skfdfcf]jfbLn] ;f]xL

-!#_ km'ns'df/ ljs -;"o{_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ ebf} !@÷@( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! ;fpg @% ut]36gf:yn M ;'g;/L lhNnf w/fg

gkf, 3f]kf SofDkk]zf M /fhgLlt-g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;'g;/L lhNnf l;+luof

uflj;–&, a'wgu/afa'sf] gfd M cd/nfn ljscfdfsf] gfd M lnnfdfof ljsj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kmDkmf ljs5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0fl;+luof uflj;–&,a'wgu/ sf @( jifL{og]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ ;'o{ elgg]km'ns'df/ ljsnfO{@)^! ;fpg @% ut]w/fg gkf l:yt 3f]kfSofDkdf pkrf/ u/fO{

kms{g] qmddf ;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no ;'g;/Ln] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-!$_ b]jxl/ l/hfn -lIflth_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ c;f]h !(÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} @$ ut] 36gf:yn M ;'g;/L lhNnf xfF;kf];f

uflj;–@, cfFkuf5Lk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

s]Gb|Lo ;b:o_


uflj;af6 ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8t >L dx]Gb| pdfljdfsIff !@ df cWof/t lyP. /]8qm; ;'g;/Ln]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !) xhf/ ?lkofF /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

33

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-!_ hos'df/ /fO{ -Zofd_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@& ;fpg @#÷#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ ;fpg @% ut]36gf:yn M wgs'6f lhNnf cfxfn]

uflj;–$k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M wgs'6f lhNnf cfxfn]

uflj;–$afa'sf] gfd M rt'/dfg /fO{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

ljj/0fcfxfn] uflj;–$ sf #% jifL{o hos'df/ /fO{nfO{@)^@ ;fpg @% ut] g]skf dfcf]jfbL ;f]xLuflj;l:yyt cfˆg} 3/af6 ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

-@_ jL/axfb'/ tfdfªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@%÷#^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! df3 !& ut]36gf:yn M wgs'6f lhNnf j]nx/f

uflj;–!:yfoL 7]ufgf M wgs'6f lhNnf j]nx/f

uflj;–!afa'sf] gfd M Ovaxfb'/ tfdfªj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fj]nx/f uflj;–! sf #^ jifL{o k"[j{ g]skfdfcf]jfbL ;]gf jL/axfb'/ tfdfªnfO{ @)^! df3!& ut] ;f]xL uflj;l:yt cfˆg} 3/af6 g]skfdfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8t g]skf dfcf]jfbL;]gfdf sfd gug{] egL 3/ kmls{Pkl5 pgnfO{dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] 3/}df cfO{ ckx/0f u/]sflyP.

!=& wgs'6f


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ ljjg /fO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$% j}zfv ÷!&lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^@ c;f/ * ut]36gf:yn M n]vs{ uflj;–&, e'Ns]k]zf M /fhgLlts sfo{stf{,

hgldlnl;of, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

:yfoL 7]ufgf M e'Ns] uflj;–&, e'Ns], ef]hk'/

a}jflxt l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fe'Ns] uflj;–& lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfhgldlnl;of !& jifL{o ljjg /fO{ )^@ c;f/ *ut] ef]hk'/sf] n]vs{ uflj;–$ kfr3/]df ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{ / dfcf]jfbLaLr le8Gtsf] qmddf;'/IffsdL{n] lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]sf lyP.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fHokIfaf6 s'g} /fxt pknAwu/fOPsf] 5}g.

-@_ wgaxfb'/ tfdfªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!( j}zfv÷$) jif{

!=( ef]hk'/


c1ft 5. dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ of]~hg sLlt{k'/dft/fsf/L Jofkf/ ub}{ cfPsf lyP. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ /fHoaf6 s'g} /fxt pknAw u/fOPsf]5}g.

-$_ gjLg /fO{ hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)##÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* kmfu'g ! ut]]36gf:yn M sfnLdf6L, sf7df8f}FF

gu/kflnsf–!#, sf7df8f}Fk]zf M /fhgLlt, s]Gb|Lo ;b:o

cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_,g]skf dfcf]jfbL

:yfoL 7]ufgf M gfuL uflj;–^, ef]hk'/afa'sf] gfd M /0faxfb'/ /fO{cfdfsf] gfd M s[i0fs'df/L /fO{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0f gfuL uflj;–^ sf @%jifL{o gjLg /fO{nfO{)%* kmfu'g !! ut]sf7df8f}F F dgkf !#sfnLdf6Laf6 zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/u/L dxf/fhu~hl:yte}/jgfy u0fdf /fv]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sfn] /fxt :j¿k !nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%_ /fdaxfb'/ sfsL{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( j}zfv ! ut]÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^) df3 @) ut]36gf:yn M yfgsf]6 uflj;, sf7df8f}Fk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M g]kfn] 8f“8f uflj;–^,

lhNnf ef]hk'/afa'sf] gfd M v8\uaxfb'/ sfsL{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M d~h" sfsL{

34

lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* kmfu'g ! ut]36gf:yn M vfbaf/L gu/kflnsf,

;ª\v'jf;efk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M af]of uflj;–^, af]of,

ef]hk'/afa'sf] gfd M kbdaxfb'/ tfdfª

ljj/0f af]of uflj;–^, af]ofsf $) jifL{o wgaxfb'/tfdfªnfO{ )%( dª\l;/ @# ut] ;ª\v'jf;efsf];b/d'sfd vfbaf/L gu/kflnsf–@ af6 u:tLdf/x]sf] ;'/IFfsdL{n] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8t g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ lyP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-#_ uEdL/ of]~hghGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# j}zfv!÷#^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%( h]7 ! ut]36gf:yn M sLlt{k'/ gu/kflnsf–!@,

sf7df8f}Fk]zf M Jofkf/ :yfoL 7]ufgf M jf]lvd uflj;–*, tfdfª

ufp“, ef]hk'/ afa'sf] gfd M eQmaxfb'/ of]~hgklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kbddfof tfdfª5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0f jf]lvd uflj;–* sf #^jifL{o uDeL/ of]~hgnfO{)%( h]7 dlxgfdfsLlt{k'/ gkf–!@ af6;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf


5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0f g]kfn] 8f“8f uflj;–^sf @! jifL{o /fdaxfb'/sfsL{nfO{ )^) r}t @) ut] sf7df8f}FF hfgnfu]sf] cj:yfdf yfgsf]6 r]skf]:6df vl6Psf]zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] dfcf]jfbL ePsf]cf/f]df lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft5. pgL;Fu} lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf b'uf{ lji6 / gGblji6nfO{ eg] zf/Ll/s oftgf lbP/ To;} dlxgfl/xf ul/Psf] lyof]. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-^_ b]zeQm rfkfufO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( ;fn j}zfv÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^) sflQs @^ ut]]36gf:yn M eQmk'/k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL:yfoL 7]ufgf M g]kfn]8f8f–&, g]kfn]

8f“8f, ef]hk'/afa'sf] gfd M df]xg rfkfufO{cfdfsf] gfd M lji0f'dfof rfkfufO{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0f g]kfn]8f“8f–&, g]kfn] 8f8fsf@! jifL{o b]zeQmrfkfufO{nfO{ )^) sflQs@^ ut] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn]lu/km\tf/ u/L sf7df8f}FFsf]dxf/fhu~hl:yt e}/jgfyu0fdf /fv]sf]df ToxLaf6pgnfO{ a]kQf kf/]sf lyP.

kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 ! nfv?lkofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fOPsf] 5.

g]kfn k|x/Laf6-&_ OGb|s'df/L /fO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$)÷@) jif{lnª\u M dlxnf 36gf ldlt M )^) df3 @ ut] 36gf:yn M efg'rf]s, w/fg

gu/kflnsf–!, ;'g;/Lk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M v]/fª uflj;–!

kmnfd9'ª\uf, ef]hk'/afa'sf] gfd M x}sdl;+x /fO{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fv]/fª uflj;–!kmnfd9'ª\ufsL @)jifL{of OGb|s'df/L/fO{nfO{ )^) df3 @ut] ;'g;/L lhNnfsf]w/fg gu/kflnsf–@l:yt a;kfs{af6c~rn k|x/L

sfof{noaf6 cfPsf] k|x/L 6f]nLn] dfcf]jfbL ePsf]cf/f]kdf lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]sf] lyof].;u/dfyf pRr dflj 3f]8]6f/df sIff !) dfcWoog/t /fO{ P;Pn;L k/LIff lbg tof/L ug]}qmddf w/fg uPsL lyOg\. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/sf tkm{af6 s'g} /fxt ;xof]u pknAwu/fOPsf] 5}g.


zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-!_ ltns clwsf/L s];L -/d]z_ hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% r}t !@÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if

!=!) ;ª\v'jf;ef


36gf ldlt M )^) c;f]h !)36gf:yn M lj/f6gu/

pkdxfgu/kflnsf–#, df]/ª

k]zf M ljBfyL{ cg]/f:jljo'-qmflGtsf/L_ sf ;b:o

:yfoL 7]ufgf M afg]Zj/ uflj;–@, ;+v'jf;ef

afa'sf] gfd M zª\s/ clwsf/L cfdfsf] gfd M dbgnIdL clwsf/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f afg]Zj/ uflj;–@ sf/d]z elgg] @% jifL{oltns clwsf/LnfO{)^) c;f]h !) ut]lj/f6gu/ pkdxf–gu/kflnsf–$ l:Yfthgtf dfWolds ljBfnocl3lNt/af6 ;'/Iff–

sdL{sf] Ps 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. cg]/f:jljo' qmflGtsf/Lsf;b:o /x]sf clwsf/L dx]Gb| df]/ª SofDk;dfcWoog/t lyP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@_ xl/ v8\sfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M )## sflQs @*÷@^ jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M )%( kmfu'g !( ut]36gf:yn M lzju~h uflj;, emfkf :yfoL 7]ufgf M r}gk'/ uflj;–$,

;ª\v'jf;efafa'sf] gfd M eLdaxfb'/ v8\sf

ljj/0f Mr}gk'/ uflj;–$sf @^ jifL{o xl/ v8\sfnfO{)%( kmfu'g !( ut] emfkfsf] lzju~haf6 ;]gfn]lu/km\tf/ u/sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

36

kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k s'g};xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-#_ rGb|axfb'/ s6'jfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M )#& ebf} !) ut]÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^) c;f/ !# ut]36gf:yn M O6x/L gu/kflnsf–%,

;'g;/L k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M v/fª uflj;–^,

;ª\v'jf;efafa'sf] gfd M ;d/axfb'/ s6'jfn cfdfsf] gfd M ozf]bf s6'jfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fv/fª uflj;–^ lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ @#jifL{o rGb|axfb'/ s6'jfnnfO{ )^) c;f/ !# ut];'g;/L lhNnfsf] O6x/L gu/kflnsf–% l:ytpgsf] 8]/faf6 ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j¿k s'g} ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-$_ dgdfof k'/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& c;f/ !* ut]÷@! jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M )%* dª\l;/ !# ut] 36gf:yn M ?Dhf6f/ uflj;–^,

cf]vn9'ª\uf k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M :ofa"g uflj;–$,

;ª\v'jf;fefafa'sf] gfd M rGb| k'/L cfdfsf] gfd M dfof k'/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0f :ofa"g uflj;–$ lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{ @! jifL{o dgdfof k'/LnfO{ )%* dª\l;/


!# ut] cf]vn9'ª\uf lhNnfsf] ?Dhf6f/dfdfcf]jfbL / ;]gfaLr le8Gt ePkl5 kms{g] qmddf;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k s'g};xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ /dfsfGt ;fxhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ ;fn ÷@@lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* dª\l;/ !@ ut]36gf:yn M g]ª8f uflj;–%, ;Kt/Lk]zf M ljBfyL, cg]/f:jljo'-

qmflGtsf/L_sf sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M km"nsfxL uflj;–$,

;Kt/Lcfdfsf] gfd M g]jnLb]jL ;fxklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0f km"nsfxL uflj;–$sf @@ jifL{o /dfsfGt;fxnfO{ )%* dª\l;/ !@ ut] /fhla/fhaf63/tkm{ uO/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;'/IffsdL{n] g]ª8fuflj;–% a}l/of 6f]naf6 lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQfkf/]sf lyP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j¿k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@_ ljgf]b ;fxhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( j}zfv !@ ut]÷!(lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* dª\l;/ !@ ut]36gf:yn M km"nsfxL uflj;–$,

;Kt/L

k]zf M ljBfyL{, cg]/f:jljo'-qmflGtsf/L_sf sfo{stf{

:yfoL 7]ufgf M km"nsfxL uflj;–$, ;Kt/L

afa'sf] gfd M s[i0nfn ;fxcfdfsf] gfd M /fd;'g}/b]jL ;fxklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0f km"nsfxL uflj;–$sf!( jifL{o ljgf]b;fxnfO{ )%* dª\l;/!@ ut] /fhla/fhaf63/tkm{ uO/x]sf]cj:yfdf ;'/IffsdL{n]g]ª8f uflj;–% a}l/of6f]naf6 lu/km\tf/ u/L

a]kQf kf/]sf lyP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#_ åfl/sf ltlD;gfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@% dª\l;/÷##lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* kmfu'g !( ut]36gf:yn M eugL ahf/, sdnk'/

uflj;–^, ;Kt/Lk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M kmQ]k'/ uflj;–(,

uª\ufhnL, ;Kt/Lafa'sf] gfd M l8lNn/fd ltlD;gfcfdfsf] gfd M ;/:jtL ltlD;gfklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M pld{nf ltlD;gf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!

ljj/0f kmQ]k'/ uflj;–(,uª\ufhnLsf ## jifL{oåfl/sf ltlD;gfnfO{ )%*kmfu'g !( ut] eugL ahf/,sdnk'/ uflj;–^ af6

!=!! ;Kt/L


df]6/;fOsn r9]/ cfPsf b'O{ ;'/IffsdL{n]lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf cem} c1ft5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 s'g}/fxt ;xof]u pknAw u/fOPsf] 5}g.

-$_ /fh]Gb| ;fxhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!* ;fn÷$) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* dª\l;/ !@ ut] 36gf:yn M dwjfk/ uflj;–*,

;Kt/Lk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M dwjf/k'/ uflj;–* chL{

6f]n, ;Kt/Lafa'sf] gfd M gy" ;fxcfdfsf] gfd M emlnofb]jL ;fxklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M nlntfb]jL ;fx5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0f dwjfk/ uflj;–*, chL{6f]nsf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ $) jifL{o /fh]Gb| ;fxnfO{ )%* dª\l;/!@ ut] ;'/IffsdL{n] s]xL a'em\g' 5 egL nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:Yff c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/sf tkm{af6 s'g} /fxt ;xof]u pknAwu/fOPsf] 5}g.

g]kfn k|x/Laf6-%_ g/l;+x rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!%÷$# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* dª\l;/ !$ ut]36gf:yn M v8uk'/ uflj;–$k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M v8uk'/ uflj;–$,

;Kt/Lafa'sf] gfd M eujtL rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M ueL{b]jL rf}w/L

klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M zflGtb]jL rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0f v8uk'/ uflj;–$ sfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{g/l;+x rf}w/LnfO{ )%*dª\l;/ !$ ut] 3/af6}lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j¿k ! nfv

?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-^_ cgLtf >]i7hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) ;fn÷@* lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M )%* dª\l;/ * ut]36gf:yn M eujtk'/ uflj;, ;Kt/Lk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M hf]ulgof-@_ uflj;–$,

;Kt/Lafa'sf] gfd M :j x:taxfb'/ >]i7cfdfsf] gfd M t'n;Ldfof >]i7klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fhf]ulgof -@_ uflj;–$sL #@ jifL{of cgLtf>]i7nfO{ )%* dª\l;/* ut] eujtk'/uflj;l:yt eujtk'/af]l8{ª :s"naf6 s]xLa'em\g' 5 egL k|x/Ln]lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]sf]df

pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lu/km\tf/kZrft\ pgnfO{lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no ;Kt/Ldf /flvPsf] lyof].kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 s'g} /fxt;xof]u pknAw u/fOPsf] 5}g.


-&_ /fh]Gb|k|;fb rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#)÷@* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* ;fn k'; @& ut]36gf:yn M v8uk'/ uflj;–$k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M v8uk'/ uflj;–$,

;Kt/Lafa'sf] gfd M ;dgnfn rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M c3f]/Lb]jL rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M zf]efb]jL rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0f v8uk'/ uflj;–$sf dfcf]fjfbL sfo{stf{/fh]Gb|k|;fb rf}w/LnfO{ )%* k''; @& ut] ef/tsf]dw'jgL k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/L ;Kt/L lhNnf k|x/Lsfof{nodf a'emfPsf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 s'g} /fxt;xof]u pknAw u/fOPsf] 5}g.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-*_ t]t/ ;bf d';x/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!) ;fpg ^÷%@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^@ j}zfv @^ ut]36gf:yn M zDe"gfy uflj;–!,

;Kt/L k]zf M dhb"/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M dn]sk'/ uflj;–!, ;Kt/Lafa'sf] gfd M lrgluof ;bf d';x/cfdfsf] gfd M :j nfnf]b]jLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M dlgofb]jL ;bf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷#

ljj/0f dn]sk'/ uflj;–! sf %@ jifL{o t]t/ ;bfd';x/nfO{ )^@ j}zfv @^ ut] zDe"gfy

uflj;–! ;v'jfaf6g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] Ps;d"xn] ckx/0f u/]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] s'g} /fxt;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf]5}g.


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ u0f]zL ;bf d';x/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ c;f/ !% ut]÷#%lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} ldlt Plsg

gePsf] 36gf:yn M /fhk'/ uflj;–^, l;/fxfk]zf M dhb"/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M /fhk'/ uflj;–^, l;/xfafa'sf] gfd M cjw d';x/cfdfsf] gfd M ?GrL d';x/klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M jf:dltof d';x/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷@ hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M % hgf

ljj/0f/fhk'/ uflj;–^ sfu0f]zL ;bf d';x/nfO{)%( ebf} -lhtLof kj{sf]lbg_df ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{sf] 6f]nLn]pgs} ufpFaf6 lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. lhltof

kj{ dgfPsf] /flt # ah] ;'/IffsdL{n] ufpF 3]/]/d';x/ 6f]nsf ;a} k'?if dlxnf afnaflnsfnfO{

!=!@ l;/fxf


:yfoL 7]ufgf M cgf{df kk|L uflj;–@, l;/xf

afa'sf] gfd M /fhb]j dxtf]cfdfsf] gfd M pld{nf dxtf]klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M zs'Gtnf dxtf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷! hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\VofM @ hgf

ljj/0f cgf{df kk|L uflj;–@lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ #$ jifL{oljgf]b dxtf]nfO{ )^)c;f]h #) ut] /flt;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n] 3/3]/f xfn]/ lu/km\tf/u/L rf]x/jfl:yt

OGb|Wjh u0fdf nu]sf] lyof]. To;kl5 pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/sftkm{af6 s'g} /fxt ;xof]u pknAw u/fOPsf] 5}g.

-$_ /fdv]nfjg dxtf]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# h]7 !* ut]÷#^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%( dª\l;/ @! 36gf:yn M dxb]jf kf]tf{xf uflj;,

l;/xfk]zf M s[lif, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M a|Dxfguf]5f/L uflj;–(,

uf]5f{/L, l;/xfafa'sf] gfd M xl/rg dxtf]cfdfsf] gfd M ;'ufjtLb]jL dxtf]klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M s'Zdfb]jL dxtf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷! hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\VofM * hgf

ljj/0fa|Dxfguf]5f/L uflj;–(, uf]5f{/Lsf #^ jifL{o/fdv]nfjg dxtf]nfO{ )%( dª\l;/ @! ut]af6]fdf lxFl8/x]sf] a]nf dxfb]jkf]tf{xf uflj;af6

nfOgdf pEofP/ /fv]sf lyP. ;'/IffsdL{;Fu}cfPsf] ;'/fsLn] /fdeut ;bf d';x/;d]t rf/hgfnfO{ lrgfPkl5 pgLx¿ Rff/} hgfnfO{lu/km\tf/ ulPsf] lyof]. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt:j¿k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-@_ /3'jL/ ;fxhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@& c;f/ !& ut]÷#$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! ;fn36gf:yn M /fhk'/ uflj;–#, l;/xfk]zf M s[lif, g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M /fhk'/ uflj;–#, l;/xf afa'sf] gfd M jf;'b]j ;fxcfdfsf] gfd M /fdKof/L ;fxklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M km]sgL ;fx5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@ hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^

ljj/0f/fhk'/ uflj;–^ sf#$ jifL{o /3'jL/;fxnfO{ )^! ;fndf;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{sf]6f]nLn] pgs} ufpFaf6lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]dfxfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. pgL dfcf]jfbL

;dy{s lyP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/sftkm{af6 s'g} /fxt ;xof]u pknAw u/fOPsf] 5}g.

-#_ ljgf]b dxtf]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ ;fn÷#$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^) c;f]h #) ut]36gf:yn M cgf{df kk|L uflj;–@,

l;/xfk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{


36gf ldlt M )^) ebf} $ ut]36gf:yn M cgf{df uflj;–@, l;/xfk]zf M s[lif, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M a|Dxk'/L,cgf{df k|kL

uflj;–@, l;/xfafa'sf] gfd M bfdf]b/ dxtf] cfdfsf] gfd M e'lnofb]jL dxtf]klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M pld{nf dxtf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷! hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0f cgf{df klk| uflj;–@a|Dxk'/Lsf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ $% jifL{orGb|]Zj/k|;fb l;+xnfO{)^) ebf} $ ut] /flt;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{sf]6f]nLn] 3/ 3]/f xfn]lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]sf]df

pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lu/km\tf/ ug]{ qmddf @)xhf/ ?lkofF klg 6f]nLn] nu]sf] kLl8t kl/jf/n]atfP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 s'g}/fxt ;xof]u pknAw u/fOPsf] 5}g.

-&_ /fdeut ;bf d';x/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! ;fn÷@* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} ldlt Plsg

gePsf] -lhtLof kj{sf] lbg_36gf:yn M /fhk'/ uflj;–^ l;/xfk]zf M dhb"/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M /fhk'/ uflj;–^]j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M gfd gv'n]sf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0f/fhk'/ uflj;–^ #% jifL{o /fdeut ;bf

41

;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{sf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5.pgL;u} lu/km\tf/ul/Psf cz]Zj/ ofbjeg] nxfgl:yt ;}lgskf]:6af6 s]xL lbgkl5

l/xf ePsf lyP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/sftkm{af6 s'g} /fxt ;xof]u pknAw u/fOPsf] 5}g.

-%_ >L/fd ;bf hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ c;f/ !% ut]÷#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} ldlt Plsg

gePsf] -lhtLof kj{sf] lbg_36gf:yn M /fhk'/ uflj;–^, l;/xfk]z M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M /fhk'/ uflj;–^, l;/xfafa'sf] gfd M ab|L ;bfcfdfsf] gfd M ljhnf ;bfklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cs}{ ljjfx u/]sf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷! hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\VofM & hgf

ljj/0f /fhk'/ uflj;–^ sf >L/fd ;bfnfO{ )%( ebf} -lhtLof kj{sf] lbg_df ;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{sf] 6f]nLn]pgs} ufpFaf6 lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. lhtLof kj{ dgfPsf] /flt # ah];'/IffsdL{n] ufpF 3]/]/ d';x/ 6f]nsf ;a} k'?ifdlxnf afnaflnsfnfO{ nfOgdf pEofP/ /fv]sflyP. ;'/IffsdL{;Fu} cfPsf] ;'/sLn] /fdeut ;bfd';x/;d]t rf/ hgfnfO{ lrgfPkl5 pgLx¿ Rff/}hgfnfO{ lu/km\tf/ ulPsf] lyof]. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j¿k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-^_ rGb|]Zj/k|;fb l;+xhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!%÷$% jif{lnª\u M k'?if


d';x/nfO{ )%( ebf} ldlt -Plsg gePsf]_ ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{sf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. lhtLof kj{ dgfPsf] /flt # ah];'/IffsdL{n] ufpF 3]/]/ d';x/ 6f]nsf ;a} k'?ifdlxnf afnaflnsfnfO{ nfOgdf pEofP/ /fv]sflyP. ;'/IffsdL{;Fu} cfPsf] ;'/fsLn] /fdeut ;bfd';x/;d]t rf/ hgfnfO{ lrgfPkl5 pgLx¿ Rff/}hgfnfO{ lu/km\tf/ ulPsf] lyof]. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j¿k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-*_ hfu]Zj/ ;bf d';x/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! ;fn ÷ @*jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} -lhtLof kj{sf] lbg_36gf:yn M /fhk'/ uflj;–^, l;/fxfk]zf M dhb"/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M /fhk'/ uflj;–^j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lx/fb]jL ;bf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷ !cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vo M @

ljj/0f /fhk'/ uflj;–^ @* jifL{o hfu]Zj/ ;bfd';x/nfO{ )%( ebf} -lhtLof kj{sf] lbg_ ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{sf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5 . lhltof kj{ dgfPsf] /flt #ah] ;'/IffsdL{n] ufpF 3]/]/ d';x/ 6f]nsf ;a}k'?if dlxnf afnaflnsfnfO{ nfOgdf pEofP//fv]sf lyP. ;'/IffsdL{;Fu} cfPsf] ;'/sLn]/fdeut ;bf d';x/;d]t rf/ hgfnfO{ lrgfPkl5pgLx¿ Rff/} hgfnfO{ lu/km\tf/ ulPsf] lyof].kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j¿k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

g]kfn k|x/Laf6-(_ /fdv]nfjg ;fxhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!# ;fpg # ut]÷$% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* dª\l;/ !* ut]

36gf:yn M ldr}{of uflj;–@, l;/xfk]zf M lzIf0f, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M dl6xjf, /fdgu/ ldr}{of

uflj;–@, l;/xfafa'sf] gfd M dfyj/ ;fxcfdfsf] gfd M bofb]jL ;fxklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M w/dzLnf ;fx5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0f ldr}{of uflj;–@dl6xjfsf $% jifL{o/fdv]nfjg ;fxnfO{)%* dª\l;/ !* ut];fem Onfsf k|x/Lsfof{no ldr}{ofsf]6f]nLn] pgs} 3/af6lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df

pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf] >LejfgL pRr dflj eLd:yfgsf lzIfs ;fxdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ lyP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/sf tkm{af6 s'g} /fxt ;xof]u pknAwu/fOPsf] 5}g.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-!)_ ;ª\uLtf ;]ghGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ ;fn ÷ !( jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M )^! c;f]h !( ut]36gf:yn M wgu9L uflj;–!, l;/xfk]zf M Jofkf/:yfoL 7]ufgf M d's;f/ uflj;–!, l;/xfafa'sf] gfd M k[YjLaxfb'/ ;]gcfdfsf] gfd M 6Lsfs'df/L ;]gklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fd's;f/ uflj;–! sL !( jifL{of ;ª\uLtf ;]gnfO{)^! c;f]h !( ut] l;/xfsf] wgu9L uflj;–@


af6 df]6/;fOsndfcfPsf b'O{hgf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{n] ckx/0fu/sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5.pgL wgu9Ldfs'v'/fkfngsf] Jo;fo;~rfng ub}{ cfPsLlyOg\. kLl8t

kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 s'g} /fxt ;xof]upknAw u/fOPsf] 5}g.

-!!_ xl/k|;fb ofbjhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@)÷$! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^! H]f7 @# ut] 36gf:yn M Ogjf{ uflj;, l;/xfk]zf M Jofkf/, g]kfnL sfª\u|];

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M dxb]jf kf]tf{xf uflj;–%,

l;/xfafa'sf] gfd M >Lrg ofbjcfdfsf] gfd M uh/Lb]jLklt÷ kTgLsf] gfd M /fd;'g]/b]jL ofbj5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷) hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^

ljj/0fdxb]jf kf]tf{xf uflj;–%sf $! jifL{o xl/k|;fbofbjnfO{ )^! h]7 @#ut] ;fem ef/tsf]nf}sfxf ahf/af6;fdfg a]r]/ cfpb} ubf{l;/xfsf] Ogjf{ ahf/dfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n]

ckx/0f u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/sf tkm{af6 s'g} /fxt ;xof]upknAw u/fOPsf] 5}g.


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6 -!_ nLnf/fh cfrfo{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% ebf} % ut]÷@%lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^) k'; !) ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}F{ dxfgu/kflnsf k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;l/bf/ 6]fn,lqo'uf

gkf–!, pbok'/afa'sf] gfd M ah{nfn cfrfocfdfsf] gfd M nIf'dfof cfrfo{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0f lqo'uf gkf–! ;l/bf/6]fnsf lnnf/fhcfrfo{nfO{ )^) k'; !)ut] sf7df8f}F dgkf–@rfalxnaf6 lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. pgL g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf] dhb"/

;ª\7gdf cfa4 lyP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-@_ k|sfz tfdfªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#*÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^) k'; @# ut]36gf:yn M tLgs'g], w/fg

gu/kflnsf, ;'g;/Lk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{

!=!# pbok'/


:yfoL 7]ufgf M nfdL8f8f, s6'~h]afanf uflj;–&, pbok'/

afa'sf] gfd M l8saxfb'/ tfdfª

ljj/0f nfdL8f8f, s6'~h]afanf uflj;–& lgjf;Ldfcf]jfbLåf/f ul7t lhNnf hg;/sf/ ;b:ojfk{jf elgg] @@ jifL{o k|sfz tfdfªnfO{ )^)k'; @# ut] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Ps 6f]nLn] w/fggu/kflnsf tLgs'g]af6 lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

g]kfn k|x/Laf6-#_ d]3axfb'/ s6'jfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!& j}zfv @& ut]÷$! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%^ ;fn36gf:yn M k'/L 6]fn , lqj]0fL

uflj;–!, pbok'/k]zf M s[lif :yfoL 7]ufgf M lqj]0fL uflj;–! k'/L

6f]n, pbok'/afa'sf] gfd M sgsl;+x s6'jfncfdfsf] gfd M dgdfof s6'jfnklt÷ kTgLsf] gfd M jb]dfof s6'jfn5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@ hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^

ljj/0f lqj]0fL uflj;–! k'/L 6f]nsf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{$! jifL{o d]3axfb'/ s6'jfnnfO{ )%^ ;fndfk|x/Ln] lqj]0fL uflj;–^ af6 l3/km\tf/ u/]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

44


zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-!_ k|tfknfn kl/of/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@& r}t !@ ut]÷#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* r}t @@ ut]36gf:yn M lbSt]n uflj;–^, vf]6fªk]zf M dhb"/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M xfr'/ uflj;–%, vf]6fªafa'sf] gfd M dfgaxfb'/ kl/of/cfdfsf] gfd M h'NkmLdfof kl/of/klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0f xfr'/ uflj;–% sf #!jifL{o k|tfknnfnkl/of/nfO{ )%* r}t @@ut] lbSt]n uflj;–^ af63/ kms{g] qmddfejfgLbn u'Ndsf] ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] d'8] Aof/]s glh-saf6 lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df

pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofFF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

!=!$ vf]6fª

!=!% cf]vn9'ª\ufkL8s kIf -;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{, zfxLg]kfnL ;]gf / g]kfn k|x/L_

;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ lxdfnsfhL sfsL{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)##÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* dª\l;/ !% ut]36gf:yn M s6f/L, pbok'/k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ebf}/] uflj;–@,

cf]vn9'ª\ufafa'sf] gfd M rqmaxfb'/ sfsL{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kz'klt sfsL{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷! hgf

ljj/0f ebf}/] uflj;–@ sf @% jifL{o lxdfnsfhLsfsL{nfO{ )%* dª\l;/ !% ut] pbok'/ lhNnfsf]s6f/L ahf/l:yt 8f]Ndf xf]6naf6 lu/km\tf/ul/Psf]df pgsf] cj:yfdf c1ft 5. pgL;u}pgsL kTgL kz'klt sfsL{ / gfaflnu5f/L;d]tnfO{ !% lbg ldr}{of k|x/L rf}sLdf/fv]sf] lyof]. tTkZrft\ kz'klt sfsL{nfO{cf]vn9'ª\uf sf/fuf/ rnfg u/L # dlxgfkl5l/xf ul/Psf] lyof] eg] lxdfnsfhLnfO{ ldr}{ofaf6a]kQf kfl/Psf] lyof]. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@_ /fh]Gb| v8sf36gf ldlt M )^! Efbf} *36gf:yn M sf7df8f}F“ dgkf, sf7df8f“}:yfoL 7]ufgf M sflnsfb]jL uflj;–*,

cf]vn9[ª\ufafa'sf] gfd M u0f]zaxfb'/ v8sfklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0f sflnsfb]jL uflj;–* sf /fh]Gb| v8sfnfO{ )^!ebf} * ut] sf7df8f}F dgkfaf6 lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#_ uh/fh /fO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! k'; ( ut]÷!& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* dªl;/ !% ut]36gf:yn M s6f/L uflj; pbok'/k]z M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M dfDvf uflj;–%,

cf]vn9'ª\ufafa'sf] gfd M uf]s0f{ /fO{cfdfsf] gfd M s'lGtdfof /fO{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0f dfDvf uflj;–% sf !& jifL{o uh/fh /fO{nfO{)%* dª\l;/ !% ut] s6f/L ahf/l:yt 8f]Ndfxf]6naf6 lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf]df pgsf] cj:yfdfc1ft 5. pgL;u} lxdfnsfhL sfsL{, kTgLkz'klt sfsL{ / gfaflnu 5f/L;d]tnfO{ !% lbgldr}{of k|x/Lrf}sLdf /fv]sf] lyof]. tTkZrft\kz'klt sfsL{nfO{ cf]vn9'ª\uf sf/fuf/ rnfgu/L # dlxgfkl5 l/xf ul/Psf] lyof] eg] uh/fh/fO{nufot ;a}nfO{ a]kQf kfl/Psf] lyof]. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$_ rqmaxfb'/ s6'jfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!) ebf} * ut]÷$* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* k'; ! ut]36gf:yn M s'OeL/ uflj;–@,

cf]vn9'ª\ufk]zf M lzIf0f, k|wfgfWofks,

s'OeL/ dflj, cf]vn9'ª\uf



:yfoL 7]ufgf M s'OeL/ uflj;–@klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lkjfs'df/L s6'jfn5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@ hgf

ljj/0f s'OeL/ uflj;–@ s'OeL/6f/sf $* jifL{orqmaxfb'/ s6'jfnnfO{ @)%* dª\l;/ @^ ut]lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, cf]vn9'ª\ufsf lhNnflzIff clwsf/L d]3axfb'/ s];Ln] ljBfno;DaGwLcfjZos s'/f ;f]wk'5sf nflu ;f]xL ljBfnosflzIfs jL/axfb'/ clwsf/L x:t] kq k7fPsf].pgL @)%* dª\l;/ @* ut] lhNnf lzIffsfof{no, cf]vn9'ª\ufdf xflh/ eO{ ;f9] !! ah];dodf lhNnf lzIff sfof{noaf6 aflx/ lg:sFbf;f]xL sfof{no kl/;/sf] k|j]zåf/df gfd yfxfgePsf ;fbf kf];fsdf /x]sf ^ hgf g]kfnL;]gfsf ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L nu]sf lyP.kqmfp u/]sf] cj:yfdf ;f]xL ljBfnosf lzIfsjL/axfb'/ clwsf/Ln] b]v]sf lyP. kqmfp u/]kl5lhNnf lzIff sfof{noaf6 ;}lgs Aof/]sdf nuLu}/sfg'gL y'gfdf /fvL zf/Ll/s oftgf lbPkl5@)%* dª\l;/ #) ut] lbgsf] !@ ah] rf/ hgf;]gfn] Aof/]saf6 rf/ xftv'§f ;dftL ´'G8\ofpFb}lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, cf]vn9'ª\ufdf NofOof].pboaxfb'/ /fO{;d]t y'gfdf /fv]sf] sf]7fdfs6'jfnnfO{ @)%* k'; @ ut];Dd ;Fu} y'gfdf/fv]sf] lyof]. pboaxfb'/ /fO{ y'gfaf6 d'QmePkl5 s6'jfnsf] kl/jf/nfO{ 36gfsf] af/]dfk"0f{ hfgsf/L ePsf] lyof]. s6'jfnsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-%_ x]dgf/fo0f >]i7hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) ;fn÷#) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h * ut]36gf:yn M wfkf;L uflj;, sf7df8f}FFk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{

:yfoL 7]ufgf M ufDgfª6f/ uflj;–^, cf]vn9'ª\uf

afa'sf] gfd M lul/axfb'/ >]i7cfdfsf] gfd M OGb|dfof >]i7klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0f ufDgfª6f/ uflj;–^ sf #) jifL{o x]dgf/fo0f>]i7nfO{ )^) c;f]h * ut] sf7df8f}Fsf]wfkf;Laf6 zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-^_ /]jsnf ltjf/L -wdnf_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) ;fn÷@) jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M )^) sflQs !# 36gf:yn M rfjlxn, sf7df8f}F

dxfgu/kflnsf–&k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M a]ltgL uflj;–(

cf]vn9'ª\ufafa'sf] gfd M wgnfn ltjf/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ejgfy wdnf

ljj/0f M a]ltgL uflj;–( sL @) jifL{of /]jsnfltjf/L -wdnf_nfO{ )^) sflQs !# ut]sfdkf–& rfalxnaf6 ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-&_ ejgfy wdnfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#*÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^) dª\l;/ !# 36gf:yn M rfjlxn, sf7df8f}FF

dxfgu/kflnsf–&, sf7df8f}F


k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{

:yfoL 7]ufgf M a]ltgL uflj;–(, cf]vn9'ª\ufafa'sf] gfd M uf]ljGb wdnfklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /]jsnf ltjf/L -wdnf_

;]gfåf/f g} a]kQf kfl/PsL

ljj/0f a]ltgL uflj;–( sL @@ jifL{o ejgfy wdnfnfO{)^) sflQs !# ut] sf7df8f}F dxfgu/kflnsf–&rfalxnaf6 ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-*_ lbg]z uf}td hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M )#( df3 @÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^) k'; @! 36gf:yn M l;Gw'kfNrf]s :yfoL 7]ufgf M kf]snL uflj;–!,

cf]vn9'ª\ufafa'sf] gfd M u0f]zaxfb'/ uf}td

ljj/0f kf]snL uflj;–!sf @! jifL{o lbg]z uf}tdnfO{)^) k'; @! ut] l;Gw'kfNrf]saf6 ;]gfn]lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

g]kfn k|x/Laf6-(_ zDe" s6'jfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#)÷@* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* dª\l;/ !% ut]36gf:yn M s6f/L uflj;, pbok'/k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M 7"nf5fk uflj;–!,

cf]vn9'ª\ufklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0f 7"nf5fk uflj;–! sf @* jifL{o zDe" s6'jfn)%* dª\l;/ !% ut] pbok'/ lhNnfsf] s6f/Lahf/l:yt 8f]Ndf xf]6naf6 k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!)_ k|bLk /fO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)##÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* dª\l;/ !%36gf:yn M s6f/L uflj;, pbok'/k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL:yfoL 7]ufgf M agf{n" uflj;–$,

cf]vn9'ªufcfdfsf] gfd M wgs'df/L /fO{

ljj/0f agf{n" uflj;–$ sf k|bLks'df/ /fO{nfO{ sf7df8f}FFhfg] qmddf )%* dª\l;/ !% ut] pbok'/lhNnfsf] s6f/L ahf/l:yt Ps xf]6naf6 k|x/Ln]lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!!_ k|r08 s6'jfn hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M )#* sflQs @%÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* dª\l;/ !% ut] 36gf:yn M s6f/L uflj;, pbok'/k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M 7"nf5fk uflj;–$,

cf]vn9'ª\ufafa'sf] gfd M 1fgaxfb'/ s6'jfn klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

\


36gf:yn M s]?ª uflj;–$, ;f]n'v'Da"

k]z M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M s]?ª uflj;–$, ;f]n'v'Da" afa'sf] gfd M lªdf z]kf{ klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fs]?ª uflj;–$ sf @) jifL{o UofNh]g z]kf{nfO{rf]/L u/]sf] cf/f]kdf )^@ kmfu'g @$ ut]dfcf]jfbLs} Ps ;d"xn] ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] s'g} /fxt ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-#_ k]Daf z]kf{lnª\u M k'?ifhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ kmfu'g !! ut]÷@) jif{36gf ldlt M )^@ kmfu'g !( ut]36gf:yn M s]?ª uflj;–#,;f]n'v'Da" k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M s]?ª uflj;–#, ;f]n'v'Da" cfdfsf] gfd M sldgL z]kf{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0f s]?ª uflj;–# sfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ @)jifL{o k]Daf z]kf{nfO{rf]/L u/]sf] cf/f]kdf)^@ kmfu'g !( ut]dfcf]jfbLs} Ps ;d"n]ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] s'g} /fxt ;xof]upknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

48

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-!_ sfdLbfjf z]kf{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) h]7 #÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^@ kmfu'g !(36gf:yn M s]?ª uflj;–#,

;f]n'v'Da" k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M s]?ª uflj;–#,

;f]n'v'Da" afa'sf] gfd M k]Daf z]kf{ klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fs]?ª uflj;–# sf @@ jifL{o sfdLbfjf z]kf{nfO{rf]/L u/]sf] cf/f]kdf )^@ kmfu'g !( ut]dfcf]jfbLs} Ps ;d"n] ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] s'g} /fxt ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-@_ Uofnh]g z]kf{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ j}zfv÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^@ kmfu'g @$

!=!^ ;f]n'v'Da'

ljj/0f 7"nf5fk uflj;–$ sf @) jifL{o k|r08s6'jfnnfO{ )%* dªl;/ !% ut] pbok'/sf]s6f/L ahf/l:yt Ps xf]6naf6 k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

@=! wg'iff@=@ dxf]Q/L@=# ;nf{xL@=$ l;Gw'nL@=% /fd]5fk@=^ bf]nvf@=& /f}tx6@=* af/f@=( k;f{@=!) lrtjg

@=!! dsjfgk'/@=!@ nlntk'/@=!# sfe|]@=!$ eQmk'/@=!% sf7df8f}“@=!^ wflbª@=!& l;Gw'kfNrf]s@=!* g'jfsf]6@=!( /;'jf

dWodf~rn



;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ ;+hLjs'df/ s0f{ -lbk"_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% kmfu'g @%÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @! ut]36gf:yn M wg'iff lhNnf hgsk'/

gkf–$, s6}ofrf}/L Pl/of

k]zf M ljBfyL{ -g]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M wg'iff lhNnf hgsk'/ gkf–!), zlxb rf]s

afa'sf] gfd M holszf]/ s0f{cfdfsf] gfd M ljdnfb]jL s0f{j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fhgsk'/ gkf–!), zlxbrf]s lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ @%jifL{o lbk' elgg];+hLjs'df/ s0f{nfO{ )^)c;f]h @! ut] ;f]xLgkf–$ s6}ofrf}/LPl/ofaf6 ;'/IffsdL{n]

lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]. ;'/IffsdL{n] kLl8t;lxt!)÷!! hgfnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/L If]qLo k|x/L O{sfOsfof{nodf NofPsf] / sfof{no k|d'v P;P;kL 8f=r'8faxfb'/ >]i7n] tTsfnLg P;kL s'j]/ l;+x/f0ff, k|x/L lhNnf clws[t v]tL /fh sfˆn], d]h/cg"k clwsf/L, /fli6«o cg';Gwfgsf 8LP;kLlji0f' kf]v/]nnufot ;'/Iff ;ldltsf cGo;b:ox¿;d]tsf] /f]xa/df 5fgljg ul//x]sf]lrGtf lng' gkg{] kLl8tsf kl/jf/nfO{ atfP. t/;fFemdf k'gM kLl8tsf af/] ;f]wvf]h ubf{ ;a}

lu/ˆtf/ k/]sfx¿nfO{ cGoq nluPsf], t/ sxfFnluof] ;f]sf] hfgsf/L gePsf] atfP. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no wg'iffn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkofFF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@_ dgf]h bQhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@! k'; @@ ut]÷#( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @% ut]36gf:yn M wg'iff lhNnf hgsk'/

gkf–(, ;fs]tgu/k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

Pl/of OGrfh{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M wg'iff lhNnf hgsk'/

gkf–(, ;fs]tgu/afa'sf] gfd M pu|gf/fo0f bQcfdfsf] gfd M pdfb]jL bQj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cGh'b]jL bQ5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!

ljj/0fhgsk'/ gkf–( sfg]skf dfcf]jfbL Pl/ofOGrfh{ #( jifL{o dgf]hbQnfO{ )^) c;f]h @%ut] ;f]xL gkf–( l:ytkLl8ts} 3/af6 ;fbfkf]zfsdf cfPsf;'/IffsdL{n] s'6lk6 ub{}

lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no wg'iffn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofFF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-#_ cd/ ljZjsdf{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ df3 !^ ut]÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! dª\l;/ % ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}+ lhNnf

sf7df8f}+ dxfgkf–!@, 6]s'

51

@=! wg'iff



:yfoL 7]ufgf M wg'iff lhNnf a]ª\uf8fj/ uflj;–(, nfnu9

afa'sf] gfd M tnf/fd ljZjsdf{cfdfsf] gfd M km"ndfof ljZjsdf{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M >[hgf zfxL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fa]ª\uf8fj/ uflj;–(,nfnu9sf g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ @&jifL{o cd/ ljZjsdf{nfO{)^! d+l;/ % ut];'/IffsdL{n] sf7df8f}+lhNnfsf] sf7df8f}+dxfgkf–!@, 6]s'af6

lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. kLl8tsL cfdfn] 5f]/fsf] l/xfO{sf]kxnsf] cfu|x ljleGg ;+:yfdf lgj]bg lbPsLlyOg\. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no wg'iffn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofFF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-$_ k|df]bgf/fo0f d08nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$# h]7 !)÷!& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @! ut]36gf:yn M wg'iff lhNnf hgsk'/

gkf–$, s6}of rf}/L Pl/ofk]zf M ljBfyL{ -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M wg'iff lhNnf s'yf{

uflj;–!afa'sf] gfd M /fdcjtf/ d08nj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fs'yf{ uflj;–! lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{

!^ jifL{o k|df]bgf/fo0fd08nnfO{ @)^) c;f]h@! ut] hgsk'/ gkf–$,s6}ofrf}/L Pl/ofaf6;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft5. ;'/IffsdL{n]

kLl8t;lxt !)÷!! hgfnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/L If]qLok|x/L O{sfO sfof{nodf NofPsf] / sfof{no k|d'vP;P;kL 8f= r'8faxfb'/ >]i7n] tTsfnLg P;kLs'j]/ l;+x /f0ff, k|x/L lhNnf clws[t v]tL /fhsfˆn], d]h/ cg"k clwsf/L, /fli6«o cg';Gwfgsf8LP;kL lji0f' kf]v/]nnufot ;'/Iff ;ldltsfcGo ;b:ox¿;d]tsf] /f]xa/df 5fgljgul//x]sf] lrGtf lng' gkg{] kLl8tsf kl/jf/nfO{atfP. t/ ;fFemdf k'gM kLl8tsf af/] ;f]wvf]hubf{ ;a} lu/ˆtf/ k/]sfx¿nfO{ cGoq nluPsf],t/ sxfF nluof] ;f]sf] hfgsf/L gePsf] atfP.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no wg'iffn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofFF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-%_ z}n]Gb| ofbjhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ kmfu'g &÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @! ut]36gf:yn M wg'iff lhNnf hgsk'/

gkf–$, s6}of rf}/L Pl/ofk]zf M ljBfyL{ -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M wg'iff lhNnf b'xjL

uflj;–&, s/dfxLafa'sf] gfd M af}P/fd ofbjj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fb'xjL uflj;–&, s/dfxL lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ !* jifL{o z}n]Gb| ofbjnfO{ )^) c;f]h@! ut] hgsk'/ gkf–$, s6}of rf}/L Pl/ofaf6;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf

52


xfn;Dd c1ft 5.;'/IffsdL{n] kLl8t;lxt!)÷!! hgfnfO{lu/ˆtf/ u/L If]qLo k|x/LO{sfO sfof{nodf NofPsf]/ sfof{no k|d'vP;P;kL 8f= r'8faxfb'/>]i7n] tTsfnLg P;kL

s'j]/ l;+x /f0ff, k|x/L lhNnf clws[t v]tL /fhsfˆn], d]h/ cg"k clwsf/L, /fli6«o cg';Gwfgsf8LP;kL lji0f' kf]v/]nnufot ;'/Iff ;ldltsfcGo ;b:ox¿;d]tsf] /f]xa/df 5fgljgul//x]sf] lrGtf lng' gkg{] kLl8tsf kl/jf/nfO{atfP. t/ ;fFemdf k'gM kLl8tsf af/] ;f]wvf]hubf{ ;a} lu/ˆtf/ k/]sfx¿nfO{ cGoq nluPsf],t/ sxfF nluof] ;f]sf] hfgsf/L gePsf] atfP.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no wg'iffn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofFF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-^_ b'u{]zs'df/ nfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) ebf} @@÷#) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @!36gf:yn M wg'iff lhNnf hgsk'/

gkf–$, s6}ofrf}/L Pl/ofk]zf M ljBfyL{ -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M wg'iff lhNnf hgsk'/

gkf–!), zlxb rf]sj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fhgsk'/ gkf–!), zlxbrf]s lgjf;L !* jifL{og]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{b'u{]zs'df/ nfnnfO{)^) c;f]h @! ut]hgsk'/ gkf–$, s6}ofrf}/L Pl/ofaf6;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/

u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.;'/IffsdL{n] kLl8t;lxt !)÷!! hgfnfO{lu/ˆtf/ u/L If]qLo k|x/L O{sfO sfof{nodfNofPsf] / sfof{no k|d'v P;P;kL 8f=r'8faxfb'/ >]i7n] tTsfnLg P;kL s'j]/ l;+x/f0ff, k|x/L lhNnf clws[t v]tL /fh sfˆn], d]h/cg"k clwsf/L, /fli6«o cg';Gwfgsf 8LP;kLlji0f' kf]v/]nnufot ;'/Iff ;ldltsf cGo;b:ox¿;d]tsf] /f]xa/df 5fgljg ul//x]sf]lrGtf lng' gkg{] kLl8tsf kl/jf/nfO{ atfP. t/;fFemdf k'gM kLl8tsf af/] ;f]wvf]h ubf{ ;a}lu/ˆtf/ k/]sfx¿nfO{ cGoq nluPsf], t/ sxfFnluof] ;f]sf] hfgsf/L gePsf] atfP. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no wg'iffn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkofFF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-&_ lht]Gb| emf -d5nL_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( c;f]h @@÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @!36gf:yn M wg'iff lhNnf hgsk'/

gkf–$, s6}of rf}/L Pl/ofk]zf M /fhgLlt -clvn g]kfn

o'jf ;ª\3 qmflGtsf/L_:yfoL 7]ufgf M wg'iff lhNnf hgsk'/

uflj;–$, s6}of rf}/L glhsafa'sf] gfd M kl/af]w emfcfdfsf] gfd M OGbL/fb]jL emfj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fhgsk'/ uflj;–$,s6}ofrf}/L lgjf;Lclvn g]kfn o'jf ;ª\3qmflGtsf/Lsf ;b:o @!jifL{o d5nL elgg]lht]Gb| emfnfO{ )^)c;f]h @! ut] hgsk'/gkf–$, s6}of rf}/L

Pl/ofaf6 ;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. ;'/IffsdL{n]

53


kLl8t;lxt !)÷!! hgfnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/L If]qLok|x/L O{sfO sfof{nodf NofPsf] / sfof{no k|d'vP;P;kL 8f= r'8faxfb'/ >]i7n] tTsfnLg P;kLs'j]/ l;+x /f0ff, k|x/L lhNnf clws[t v]tL /fhsfˆn], d]h/ cg"k clwsf/L, /fli6«o cg';Gwfgsf8LP;kL lji0f' kf]v/]nnufot ;'/Iff ;ldltsfcGo ;b:ox¿;d]tsf] /f]xa/df 5fgljgul//x]sf] lrGtf lng' gkg{] kLl8tsf kl/jf/nfO{atfP. t/ ;fFemdf k'gM kLl8tsf af/] ;f]wvf]hubf{ ;a} lu/ˆtf/ k/]sfx¿nfO{ cGoq nluPsf],t/ sxfF nluof] ;f]sf] hfgsf/L gePsf] atfP.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no wg'iffn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofFF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-*_ /fdrGb|nfn s0f{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!& c;f/ %÷$# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @% ut]36gf:yn M wg'iff lhNnf hgsk'/

gkf–(, ;fs]tgu/k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL ;b:o_:yfoL 7]ufgf M wg'iff lhNnf gu/fOg

uflj;–!, bl5gjf/L 6f]nafa'sf] gfd M s]bf/nfn s0f{cfdfsf] gfd M glugfb]jL s0f{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fgu/fOg uflj;–!,bl5gjf/L 6f]n lgjf;Lg]skf dfcf]jfbL ;b:o$# jifL{o /fdrGb|nfns0f{nfO{ )^) c;f]h @%ut] hgsk'/ gkf–(,;fs]tgu/ l:yt dgf]hbQsf] 3/af6 ;fbf

kf]zfsdf cfPsf ;'/IffsdL{n] s'6lk6 ub{}lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd

c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no wg'iffn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofFF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaF6-(_ sfd]Zj/ 7fs'/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@)÷$) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) j}zfv !& ut]36gf:yn M wg'iff lhNnf Ps/fxL

uflj;–&:yfoL 7]ufgf M wg'iff lhNnf Ps/fxL

uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M sf/L 7fs'/cfdfsf] gfd M bfgfb]jfL 7fs'/j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M b'vlgb]jL 7fs'/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷@

ljj/0fPs/fxL uflj;–& sf $) jifL{o sfd]Zj/7fs'/nfO{ @)^) j}zfv !& ut] 8s}tL u/]sf]cf/f]kdf ;f]xL uflj;sf] tLgsf}l/of rf]saf6g]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8ttLgsf}l/of rf]sdf al;/x]sf] a]nf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{n] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ v'§f afFwL s'6lk6 u/L;Vt ePkl5 a]xf]; cj:yfdf ckx/0f u/]sf lyP.

-!)_ bLkgf/fo0f ofbjhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@(÷#$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^# ;fpg @! ut]36gf:yn M wg'iff lhNnf a/dlemof

uflj;–^k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M wg'iff lhNnf j/dlemof

uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M jtxf ofbjcfdfsf] gfd M b]zLofb]jL ofbjj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

54



;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ t]hdfg ljZjsdf{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@( c;f/ !^÷#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ !) ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}+ lhNnfsf7df8f}+ dxfgkf–&, rfjlxnk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'nL lhNnf xtkt]

uflj;–$afa'sf] gfd M hutdfg ljZjsdf{cfdfsf] gfd M ;gf}nLdfof ljZjsdf{j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fxtkt] uflj;–$ sf #! jifL{o t]hdfgljZjsdf{n] )^) dª\l;/ !) ut] sf7df8f}+

55

ljj/0fa/dlemof uflj;–& sf #$ jifL{o bLkgf/fo0fofbjnfO{ @)^# ;fpg @! ut] ;'/fsL u/]sf]cf/f]kdf g]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] ;f]xLuflj;–^ af6 ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no wg'iffn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofFF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ bLks l/vfdhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#)÷#) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) ebf} 36gf:yn M dxf]Q/L uf}zfnf

uflj;–@, yfgfrf]sk]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M dxf]Q/L uf}zfnf

uflj;–%, /hvf]/ljj/0fuf}zfnf uflj;–% sf #) jifL{o bLks l/vfdnfO{)^) ebf}df Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no uf}zfnfsfk|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. 36gfkl5 ;a} kl/jf/lj:yflkt eP/ ef/t uPsf] / ;f] 7]ufgfdf xfnkLl8tsf] sf]xL klg cfkmGt 5}gg\.

-@_ ljN6' ofbjhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@)÷$) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h !$ ut] 36gf:yn M dxf]Q/L uf}zfnf

uflj;–@, yfgfrf]sk]zf M Hofnfbf/L

:yfoL 7]ufgf M dxf]Q/L uf}zfnf uflj;–%, lzjelSt

afa'sf] gfd M kN6g ofbjcfdfsf] gfd M ldgfIfLb]jL ofbjj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M sdnLb]jL ofbj

ljj/0fuf}zfnf uflj;–%,lzjelStsf $) jifL{oljN6' ofbjnfO{ )^)c;f]h !$ ut] uf}zfnfuflj;–@, yfgfrf]saf6;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]

cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

@=@ dxf]Q/L

@=$ l;Gw'nL


lhNnf sf7df8f}+ dxfgkf–&, rfjlxnaf6;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8t To; cl3 !% dlxgfh]n a;]/ 5'6]/ 3/ cfPsf] / 3/af6 sf7df8f}+uPb]lv clxn];Dd 3/df s'g} ;Dks{ gePsf]kLl8tsL cfdf ;'gf}nLdfofn] atfOg\. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no l;Gw'nLn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkof““ /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@_ ;Gtf]ifL wfdLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$^ k'; !$÷!$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s !( ut]36gf:yn M l;Gw'nL lhNnf sdnfdfO{

gkf–!!, eLdfgk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'nL lhNnf

zL/yf}nL uflj;–!afa'sf] gfd M ljh'{ wfdLcfdfsf] gfd M nx/]jtL wfdLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fzL/yf}nL uflj;–! sf !$ jifL{o ;Gtf]ifLwfdLnfO{ )^) sflt{s !( ut] sdnfdfO{gkf–!!, eLdfgl:yt ;'/Iff r]skf]i6sf;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nol;Gw'nLn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof“/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#_ /fhgaxfb'/ a'9fyf]sLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) j}zfv !÷#) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h #) ut]36gf:yn M l;Gw'nL lhNnf sdnfdfO{

gkf–!!, ledfg:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'nL sdnfdfO{

gkf–!%afa'sf] gfd M rGb|axfb'/ a'9fyf]sL

cfdfsf] gfd M o;f]bf a'9fyf]sLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fsdnfdfO{ gkf–!% sf #) jifL{o /fhgaxfb'/a'9fyf]sLnfO{ )^) c;f]h #) ut] ;f]xL gkf–!!,ledfgaf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nol;Gw'nLn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof“/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$_ /fdrGb| sfkm\n]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ ;fpg ÷ @* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s !@ ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}+ lhNnf

sf7df8f}+ dxfgkf–^, af}¢k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'nL lhNnf

8f“8Lu'/f“;] uflj;–%, ;'jf/fafa'sf] gfd M s]b/fk|;fb sfkm\n]cfdfsf] gfd M ;fljqL sfkm\n]j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M zfGtf clwsf/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0f8fF8Lu'/fF;] uflj;–%, ;'jf/fsf g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ @* jifL{o /fdrGb| sfˆn]nfO{ )^)sflt{s !@ ut] lbpF;f] sf7df8f}+ lhNnfsf]sf7df8f}+ dxfgkf–^, af}¢ 8]/faf6 dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf ;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L e}/jgfyu0fnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

-%_ ;dz]/axfb'/ ljZjsdf{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@! sflt{s !%÷#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%^ j}zfv !@ ut]

56


36gf:yn M l;Gw'nL lhNnf tLgsGof uflj;–(, ls/f“t]

k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'nL lhNnf tLgsGof

uflj;–(, ls/f“t]afa'sf] gfd M s[i0faxfb'/ ;fksf]6f ljscfdfsf] gfd M ;'s'dfof ;fksf]6f ljsj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lbns'df/L ljs ;fksf]6f5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷#

ljj/0ftLgsGof uflj;–(, ls/fFt]sf #% jifL{o;dz]/axfb'/ ljZjsdf{nfO{ @)%^ j}zfv !@ ut];f]xL uflj;l:yt cfˆg} 3/af6 g]skfdfcf]jfbLnfO{ aGb's agfP/ a]r]sf] cf/f]kdf bª\ufk|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8t;lxt b'O{ hgfnfO{afz]Zj/ uflj;sf] ;'Fu'/];Dd k'¥ofPsf] hfgsf/LkfPsf] / To;kl5 cj:yf yfxf gePsf] kl/jfl/s>f]tn] hgfof]. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no l;Gw'nLn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof“ /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-^_ xl/axfb'/ yfkfdu/ -pd]z_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#*÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ 36gf:yn M nlntk'/ lhNnf 7}j

uflj;–&, 7}jk]zf M /fhgLlt-g]skf dfcf]jfbL

lgs6 dhb'/ ;ª\u7g_:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'nL lhNnf jfnfhf]/

uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M eStaxfb'/ yfkfj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ltnfdfof yfkfdu/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)

ljj/0fjfnfhf]/ uflj;–& sf g]skf dfcf]jfbL lgs6dhb'/ ;ª\u7g cfa¢ @! jifL{o pd]z elgg]xl/axfb'/ yfkfdu/nfO{ @)%( c;f/df nlntk'/lhNnfsf] j}7 uflj;–&, a}7saf6 zfxL g]kfnL;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL sf7df8f}+df un}rfsf/vfgfdf sfd ub}{ cfPsf lyP. kLl8tsf afa'eStaxfb'/ yfkfdu/n] cfkm"x¿ ufpFdf a:g]ePsf]n] lu/ˆtf/ ldlt hfgsf/L gePsf] atfP.

-&_ /Ltaxfb'/ u'?ªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ sflt{s !%÷#^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s !@ ut]36gf:yn M l;Gw'nL lhNnf sdnfdfO{

gkf–^, :6n ahf/k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'nL lhNnf tLgsGof

uflj;–*, /fgLvf]nfafa'sf] gfd M d'lStaxfb'/ u'?ªj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0ftLgsGof uflj;–*, /fgLvf]nf sf #^ jifL{o/Ltaxfb'/ u'?ªnfO{ @)^) sflt{s !@ ut] lhNnf;b/d'sfddf kf;kf]6{ agfpg cfPsf] cj:yfdfdfcf]jfbL egL sdnfdfO{ gkf–^, :6n ahf/af6lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5.

-*_ xf]daxfb'/ /fgf-lj1fg_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! ebf} ( ÷ !( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s @% ut]36gf:yn M ;nf{xL lhNnf nfnaGbL

uflj;k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL hg;]gf_:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'nL lhNnf jfnfhf]/

uflj;–@, ljhok'/

57


afa'sf] gfd M tf]ofaxfb'/ /fgfdu/cfdfsf] gfd M afns'df/L /fgfdu/j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fjfnfhf]/ uflj;–@, ljhok'/sf g]skf dfcf]jfbLhg;]gf !( jifL{o lj1fg elgg] xf]daxfb'//fgfnfO{ @)^) sflt{s @% ut] ;nf{xL lhNnfsf]nfnaGbL uflj;af6 zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

-(_ clDasf ljs -zld{nf_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$% df3 !!÷!& jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^@ c;f]h 36gf:yn M eStk'/ lhNnfk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL ;dy{s_:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'nL lhNnf Sofg]Zj/

uflj;–$afa'sf] gfd M dfgaxfb'/ ljscfdfsf] gfd M ;'s'dfof ljsj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fSofg]Zj/ uflj;–$ sf g]skf dfcf]jfbL ;dy{s!& jifL{of zld{nf elgg] clDasf ljsnfO{ )^@c;f]hdf eStk'/ lhNnfaf6 zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn]lu/ˆtf/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft5.

-!)_ hfnGw/ af:tf]nfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! c;f]h $÷#) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! sflt{s @) ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}+ lhNnf

sf7df8f}+ dxfgkf–#, dxf/fhu+h

k]zf M /fhgLlt-g]skf dfcf]jfbL lgs6 g]kfn 6«]8o'lgog_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'nL lhNnf b'wf}nL uflj;–@

afa'sf] gfd M lrqk|;fb af:tf]nfcfdfsf] gfd M z'eb|f af:tf]nfj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;Ltf af:tf]nf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0fb'wf}nL uflj;–@ sfg]skf dfcf]jfbL lgs6g]kfn 6«]8 o'lgog unF}rfdhb'/ ;ª\u7g sf7df8f}+cWoIf #) jifL{o hfnGw/af:tf]nfnfO{ )^! sflt{s@) ut] sf7df8f}+ lhNnfsf7df8f}+ dxfgkf–#,

dxf/fhu~haf6 e}/jgfy u0fsf ;}lgsn]lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. kLl8t g'jfsf]6 lhNnfdf ad /fVbfljikmf]6gdf kl/ d[To' ePsf] ;dfrf/ ;]gfn];fj{hlgs u/]sf] kLl8tsf afa'n] atfP. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no l;Gw'nLn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkof“ /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

g]kfn k|x/Laf6-!!_ ZofdjL/ dfemLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!( dª\l;/ !)÷#* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%& h]7 @) ut]36gf:yn M ;nf{xL lhNnf xl/jg

uflj;–^k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL hgd'lSt ;]gf_:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'nL lhNnf

dxfb]j:yfg uflj;–(, 3f6fafa'sf] gfd M k|]daxfb'/ dfemLcfdfsf] gfd M zGtdfof dfemLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M sfnLdfof dfemL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷#

58


ljj/0fdxfb]j:yfg uflj;–(, 3f6fsf g]skf dfcf]jfbLhgd'lSt ;]gf ZofdjL/ dfemLnfO{ @)%& h]7 @)ut] ;nf{xL lhNnf xl/jg uflj;–^ af6 l;Gw'nLhfg] a;df r9]sf] cj:yfdf k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no l;Gw'nLn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!@_ lrqgf/fo0f >]i7hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))% sflt{s @(÷%@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%& h]7 !& ut]36gf:yn M ;nf{xL lhNnf xl/jg


dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'nL lhNnf sdnfdfO{

gkf–(, 9'+u|]jf;afa'sf] gfd M dw'gf/fo0f >]i7cfdfsf] gfd M hgdfof >]i7j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;fljqL >]i75f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷#

ljj/0fsdnfdfO{ gkf–(, 9'ª\u|]jf;sf g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ %@ jifL{of lrqgf/fo0f >]i7nfO{ )%&h]7 !& ut] ;nf{xL lhNnfsf] xl/jg uflj;–^af6 k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8tnfO{ l;Gw'nL hfg] a;dfa;]sf] cj:yfdf lu/ˆtf/ ul/Psf] lyof]. pgL;FucGo b'O{ hgfnfO{ k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf] lyof].tLg} hgfsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. k|lhcyfg]Zj/ b]jsf]6f / P;kL 5f]Skf z]kf{sf] cfb]zdflu/ˆtf/ ul/Psf] kLl8t kIfsf] egfO 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no l;Gw'nLn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkof“ /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!#_ l8NnLaxfb'/ ;fksf]6f ljshGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ df3 !)÷#) jif{

lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%^ j}zfv !@ ut] 36gf:yn M l;Gw'nL lhNnf tLgsGof

uflj;–(,ls/f“t]k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'nL lhNnf tLgsGof

uflj;–(,ls/f“t]afa'sf] gfd M vDafl;+x sfdL ;fksf]6fcfdfsf] gfd M Hof]tLdfof sfdL ;fksf]6fj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!

ljj/0ftLgsGof uflj;–(, ls/fFt] sf #) jifL{ol8NnLaxfb'/ ;fksf]6f ljsnfO{ @)%^ j}zfv !@ut] ;f]xL uflj;l:yt cfˆg} 3/af6 g]skfdfcf]jfbLnfO{ aGb's agfP/ lbPsf] cf/f]kdf b+ufk|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8t;lxt b'O{ hgfnfO{afz]Zj/ uflj;sf] ;'Fu'/];Dd k'¥ofOPsf] hgsf/LkfPsf] / To;kl5 cj:yf yfxf gePsf] kl/jfl/s>f]tn] hgfof]. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no l;Gw'nLn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof“ /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-!$_ ;'/]z rGb| sf]O/fnf -jlzi7_ hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!$ sflt{s !$÷$^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @^ ut]36gf:yn M l;Gw'nL lhNnf jf;]Zj/

uflj;–!, b]p/fnL6f/k]zf M -s[lif_ g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf

s[ofzLn ;b:o:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'nL lhNnf jf;]Zj/

uflj;–!, b]p/fnL6f/afa'sf] gfd M 7]6/fh sf]O/fnfcfdfsf] gfd M s'Gtfb]jL sf]O/fnfj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M pld{nf sf]O/fnf

59


ljj/0fjf;]Zj/ uflj;–!,b]p/fnL6f/ lgjf;Lg]kfnL sfª\u|];sfs[ofzLn ;b:o $^jifL{o ;'/]zrGb|sf]O/fnf -jlzi7_nfO{@)^) c;f]h @^ ut];fFem cfkm\g} 3/af6

dfcf]jfbLn] ;'/fsL u/]sf] cf/f]kdf ckx/0f u/La]kQf kf/]. kLl8t;Fu ;f]wk'5 ug]{ qmddf t];|f]lbg tLgsGof uflj;df d[To' ePsf] dfcf]jfbLn]df}lvs hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP. t/, kLl8tsf]nf; xfn;Dd kLl8tsf kl/jf/n] kfPsf 5}gg\.kLl8tsf kl/jf/n] a]kQf sf]O/fnfsf] vf]hL hf/L/fv]sf 5g\.


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ kbdaxfb'/ ;fsL{ hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!& h]7 !÷$)lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%& sflQs !)36gf:yn M /fd]5fk lhNnf, lk|tL

uflj;–(, lem+ufdnLk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M /fd]5fk lhNnf, lk|tL

uflj;–(, lem+ufdnLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M 6sL ;fsL{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷$

ljj/0flk|tL uflj;–( sf kbdaxfb'/ ;fsL{nfO{ )%&

sflQs !) ut] k|x/L rf}sL afDtLaf6 uPsf]k|x/Ln] laxfg & ah], dfcf]jfbLdf ;+nUg ePsf]cf/f]kdf 3/af6 lgoGq0fdf lnO{ a]kQf agfof].s]xL a'em\g' 5 egL afDtL rf}sLtkm{ nluPsf;fsL{nfO{ rf}sLdf gk'¥ofO{ aLr af6f]af6} a]kQfkfl/Psf] lyof]. k|x/Ln] pgL aLraf6 efu]sf]atfP klg xfn;Dd pgL 3/ kmls{Psf 5}gg\.pgsf] kl/jf/n] s'g} /fxt ;xof]u k|fKt u/]sf]5}g.

-@_ k'iks'df/ lu/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ c;f/ $÷@*lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflQs @! 36gf:yn M sf7df8f}+ lhNnf

sf7df8f}+ dgkf–#!, afuahf/

k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M /fd]5fk lhNnf,

k'/fgfufp“ uflj;–^, k'/fgfufp“

afa'sf] gfd M gGbnfn lu/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M eQms'df/L lu/L

-dLgf lu/L_5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)

ljj/0fk'/fgfufpF uflj;–^ sfk'iks'df/ lu/LnfO{ )^)sflQs @! ut]sf7df8f}+sf] afuahf/l:yt cfkm\g} sf]7fdf;'lt/x]sf] a]nf ;]gfsf]h:tf] skfn sf6]sf%÷^ hgfsf] ;d"xdf

cfPsf dflg;x¿n] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ a]kQf agfP.To;cl3 klg pgnfO{ sf7df8f}+ a;]sf] ;dodf;]gfn] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ nfdf] ;do lx/f;tdf/fv]sf] lyof]. ;]gfs} oftgfsf sf/0f /f]uL ePsfpgL kl5Nnf] k6s pkrf/ u/fpg sf7df8f}+uPsf lyP. ;f]xL cj:yfdf pgL a]kQf kfl/Psf

@=% /fd]5fk


lyP. pgnfO{ n}hfFb} ubf{ pgsf 3/wgLn] b]v]sflyP. pgsf] kl/jf/n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no/fd]5fkaf6 ?= ! nfv /fxt:j¿k k|fKt u¥of].

-#_ ls/0fs'df/ tfdfªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& ;fpg !&÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! ebf} ( ut]36gf:yn M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf r]x/]

uflj;:yfoL 7]ufgf M /fd]5fk lhNnf r'r'/]

uflj;–&, km';|]cfdfsf] gfd M s'ndfof tfdfªj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fr'r'/] uflj;–&, km';|]sf@$ jifL{o ls/0fs'df/tfdfªnfO{ @)^! ebf} (ut] sf7df8f}+ cfpg]qmddf l;Gw'kfNrf]slhNnfsf] r]x/]af6;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]

cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8t sf7df8f}+cfpg] qmddf r]x/]sf cfPkl5 pgLx¿sf] uf8LePsf] 7fpFdf ;]gf / dfcf]jfbLaLr bf]xf]/f] le8GtePsf] lyof]. ;f]xL le8Gtkl5 ;'/IffsdL{n] pgnfO{lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf lyP.

-$_ rGb|axfb'/ e'h]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% df3 !% ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}+ lhNnf sf7df8f}+

dgkf–!), afg]Zj/k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M /fd]5fk lhNnf ks/af;

uflj;–%, kmFnf6]afa'sf] gfd M d'Staxfb'/ wtL{

cfdfsf] gfd M eujtL wtL{j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fks/af; uflj;–%, kmFnf6]sf @# jifL{orGb|axfb'/ e'h]nnfO{ )%% df3 !% ut] /ftLsf7df8f}+ lhNnfsf] sf7df8f}+ dgkf–!),afg]Zj/l:yt sf]7fdf ;'lt/x]sf] a]nf $÷%hgfsf] ;d"xdf cfPsf ;fbf kf]zfssf;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8tnfO{ sf]7faf6 nu]sf]kLl8t;Fu} xf]6]ndf sfd ug{] ;fyL /fdaxfb'/>]i7n] b]v]sf lyP.

-%_ /fhs'df/ yfkf du/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! j}zfv !÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! k'; @! ut]36gf:yn M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf

rf}tf/f uflj;–*, lhNnf sf/fuf/ zfvf

k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M /fd]5fk lhNnf lxn]b]jL

uflj;–@, vf]6kfafa'sf] gfd M dfgaxfb'/ yfkf du/cfdfsf] gfd M wgnIdL yfkf du/j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0flxn]b]jL uflj;–@ sf !* jifL{o /fhs'df/ yfkfdu/nfO{ @)^! k'; @! ut] l;Gw'kfNrf]slhNnfsf] lhNnf sf/fuf/ zfvfaf6 ;'/IffsdL{n]a]kQf kf/]. lhNnf sf/fuf/ zfvfdf /x]sfkLl8tnfO{ @)^! ;fnsf] j}zfv dlxgfdf pgsfa'afn] e]6 u/]sf lyP eg] c;f]h @) ut] pgn]/lhi6/ kq 3/df k7fPsf lyP. k'; @! ut]pgnfO{ h]n ;fg]{ axfgfdf a]kQf kf/]sf] /xfn;Dd ljleGg 7fpFdf vf]htnf; ubf{ ;d]tpgsf] cj:yf kQf gnfu]sf] kLl8tsf kl/jf/n]atfP.


zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf-^_ lbnaxfb'/ yfkfdfu/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) kmfu'g !(÷!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! k'; @! ut]36gf:yn M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf

rf}tf/f uflj;–*k]zf M /fhgLlt-g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M /fd]5fk lhNnf

lxdu+uf uflj;–!, dfem\afa'sf] gfd M nf]saxfb'/ yfkfdu/cfdfsf] gfd M wgs'df/L yfkfdu/j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0flxdu+uf uflj;–!, dfemsf !( jifL{o lbnaxfb'/yfkfdu/nfO{ )^! k'; @! ut] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfn] l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfsf] rf}tf/f uflj;–*af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L s]xL;do rf}tf/f h]ndf /fv]kl5 ;'Gb/Lhn h]ndf/flvPsf] / To;otf kLl8tsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

-&_ 808'k|;fb ltjf/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!( sflt{s !$÷#^jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% df3 @@ ut]36gf:yn M nlntk'/ lhNnf nlntk'/

pkdxfgkf, kf6g9f]sfk]zf M lzIfs:yfoL 7]ufgf M /fd]5fk lhNnf nvgk'/

uflj;–#, 9f“8]afa'sf] gfd M l8NnLk|;fb ltjf/Lcfdfsf] gfd M dgdfof ltjf/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;Ltf ltjf/L

ljj/0fnvgk'/ uflj;–#lgjf;L lzIfs #^ jifL{o808'k|;fb ltjf/LnfO{@)%% df3 @@ ut]nlntk'/ lhNnfaf6k|x/Ln] dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf lu/km\tf/ u/La]kQf agfof]. kLl8tnfO{

dfl/;s]sf] eg]/ :yfgLo xl/k|;fb uf}tdn]kLl8tsL kTgL ;Ltf ltjf/LnfO{ hfgsf/L lbPsfeP klg k|dfl0ft x'g ;s]sf] 5}g. pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft /x]sf] 5.

-*_ O{Zj/s'df/ nfdfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( c;f/ @)÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !# ut]36gf:yn M sf7df08f} lhNnf

sf7df8f}“ dxfgkf–!$, snª\sL

k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /fd]5fk lhNnf /fsfy'd

uflj;–#, 9'jf/]afa'sf] gfd M kbdl;+ nfdfcfdfsf] gfd M 8f]Ndf nfdfj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f/fsfy'd uflj;–# sf @)jifL{o O{Zj/s'df/nfdfnfO{ @)%( j}zfv!# ut] /flt sf7df8fF}lhNnfsf] snª\sLaf6g]kfnL ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/u/L a]kQf agfof]. kLl8tcg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_

sf g]tf k"0f{ kf}8]nsf] sf]7dfdf ;'t]sf] cj:yfdfpgL;Fu} cGo b'O{ hgf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{nfO{ klga]kQf agfPsf] kLl8tsf kl/jf/n] atfP.


kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-(_ pk]Gb|k|;fb u'/fufO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!(÷$) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; !@ ut]36gf:yn M /fd]5fk lhNnf lk|tL

uflj;–^, e:d]k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M /fd]5fk lhNnf

lk|tL uflj;–^, t'n]k' afa'sf] gfd M ltnxl/ u'/fufO{cfdfsf] gfd M kljq pkfWofoj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M %÷)

ljj/0flk|tL uflj;–^, t'n]k'sf$) jifL{o pk]Gb|k|;fbu'/fufO{nfO{ )%( k';!@ ut] ;f]xL uflj;sf]OGb|axfb'/ s6'jfnsLkTgLsf] d[To'sf]sfhlsl/of ug{ uPsf]cj:yfdf /ftL ;f]xL

3/af6 g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgsf] 5f]/f;]gfdf hflu/] ePsf] sf/0f ckx/0f u/]sf]dfcf]jfbLn] atfP. o'¢lj/fdkl5 dfcf]jfbLsfPl/of:t/sf Ps sfo{stf{n] kLl8tsf]cf]vn9'+ufsf] 6f/s]/faf/L uflj;df xTof ePsf]hfgsf/L kl/jf/nfO{ u/fPsf] eP klg dfcf]jfbLkf6L{n] clwsfl/s ¿kdf s]xL atfPsf] 5}g.


g]kfn k|x/Laf6-!_ sdndl0f bfxfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ ;fpg @@÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* dª\l;/ !! ut]36gf:yn M /f}tx6 lhNnf, rGb|

lgufxk'/ uflj;–(, a]N8Lk]zf M ljBfyL{, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f}tx6 lhNnf,

rGb|lgufxk'/ uflj;–@, h+un6f]n

afa'sf] gfd M nf]sxl/ bfxfncfdfsf] gfd M ?b|s'df/L bfxfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0frGb|lgufxk'/ uflj;–@,h+un6f]n lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ @$jifL{o sdndl0fbfxfnnfO{ @)%* dª\l;/!! ut] ;Gtk'/uflj;af6 rGb|lgufxk'/

hfg] qmddf k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf agfPsf]kLl8tsf kl/jf/n] atfP.

-@_ ?kf ;fksf]6fhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@@÷#& jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !& 36gf:yn M /f}tx6 lhNnf, e;]8jf

uflj;–^, 9f]nafhfvf]/k]zf M s[lif

@=* /f}tx6


:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f}tx6 lhNnf, 8'dl/of–dl6cf}g uflj;–@, l;Gw'/]vf/L

afa'sf] gfd M g]qaxfb'/ vqLcfdfsf] gfd M lzjs'df/L vqLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M xl/axfb'/ ;fksf]6f5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷#

ljj/0f8'dl/of uflj;–@lgjf;L #& jifL{of ?kf;fksf]6fnfO{ )%( ebf}!& ut] laxfg * ah]lhNnf k|x/Lsfof{noaf6 rf/cf]6fdf]6/;fOsndf ;fbfkf];fsdf cfPsf

;'/IffsdL{n] e;]8jf uflj;–^ l:yt 5f]/Lsf]3/af6 lu/km\tf/ u/L c1ft:yntkm{ nuL a]kQfkf/]. pgL;Fu pgsL 5f]/L d]g'sfnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n]lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]sf] lyof]. kLl8tsf]kl/jf/n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 /fxt:j?k? ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-#_ d]g'sfs'df/L ;fksf]6f kf]v/]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ df3 !)÷!& jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !& ut]36gf:yn M /f}tx6 lhNnf, e;]8jf

uflj;–^, 9f]nafhfvf]/k]zf M /fhgLlt, cg]d;+3

qmflGtsf/L lhNnf sld6L;lrj

:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f}tx6 lhNnf, e;]8jf uflj;–^, 9f]nafhfvf]/

afa'sf] gfd M xl/axfb'/ ;fksf]6fcfdfsf] gfd M ?kf ;fksf]6f j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ?k]z kf]v/]n

ljj/0fe;]8jf uflj;–^,9f]nafhfvf]/ lgjf;Lcg]d;ª\3 qmflGtsf/LlhNnf sld6L ;lrj !&jifL{of d]g'sfs'df/L;fksf]6fnfO{ )%( ebf}!& ut] laxfg * ah]rf/cf]6f df]6/;fOsndf

cfPsf ;fbf kf]zfssf ;'/IffsdL{n] lu/km\tf/ u/Lc1ft:yntkm{ nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddklg yfxf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g. kLl8t;Fu pgsL cfdf?kf ;fksf]6fnfO{ klg ;'/IffsdL{n] ;Fu} nu]sflyP. b'j} hgf xfn;Dd a]kQf /x]sf 5g\. kLl8tgf} dlxgfsL ue{jtL lyOg\. 5f]/L ;'Ts]/L u/fpg/ :ofxf/ ug{ ?kf 5f]/Lsf] 3/ uPsL lyOg\.

-$_ r]taxfb'/ a:g]thGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* kmfu'g %÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* dª\l;/ !! ut]36gf:yn M /f}tx6 lhNnf

;Gtk'/–dl6cf}g uflj;–$, a}tf}gf

k]zf M ljBfyL{ -g]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f}tx6 lhNnf ;Gtk'/–dl6cf}g uflj;–$, a]tf}gf

afa'sf] gfd M e'kfnaxfb'/ a:g]tcfdfsf] gfd M rGb|dfofb]jL a:g]tj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f;Gtk'/ dl6cf}guflj;–$, a}tf}gfsfg]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ @) jifL{or]taxfb'/ a:g]tnfO{)%* dª\l;/ !! ut];f]xL uflj;l:yt 3/af6


rGb|lgufxk'/ hfg]qmddf k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-%_ uf]kL lnDa"hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M@)#!÷#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ r}t #)36gf:yn M /f}tx6 lhNnf, rGb|

lgufxk'/ uflj;–!k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f}tx6 lhNnf, rGb|

lgufxk'/ uflj;–#afa'sf] gfd M dfgaxfb'/ lnDa"j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M pdf lnDa"5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @ ÷#

ljj/0frGb|lgufxk'/ uflj;–!lgjf;L #! jifL{o uf]kLlnDa"nfO{ )^@ r}t #)ut] /flt 3/af6dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/Lnu]sf]df xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.

cfdfsf] gfd M ;'luofb]jL ofbjj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;f7emfb]jL ofbj5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)

ljj/0fa/dlemof uflj;–& /fd;fu/ ofbj elgg]lx/fnfn ofbjnfO{ @)^! ;fpg @) ut] 3/af63/fo;L sfdn] l;d|f}gu9 hfg] qmddf dfcf]jfbLn];f]xL lhNnfsf] alrl8xaf6 ckx/0f u/L a]kQfagfPsf lyP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-!_ /fd;fu/ ofbj eGg] lx/fnfn ofbjhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$)÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! ;fpg @)36gf:yn M af/f lhNnf plrl8x

uflj;k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M af/f lhNnf srf]jf{

uflj;–( a;a/Lofafa'sf] gfd M /fds]Zj/ ofbj

@=* af/f


zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-!_ j;Gt e08f/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@@ r}t !#÷#* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflQs !%36gf:yn M k;f{ lhNnf aujGgf


dfcf]jfbL;“u cfa4_:yfoL 7]ufgf M k;f{ lhNnf 7f]/L

uflj;–^afa'sf] gfd M d]3gfy eG8f/Lcfdfsf] gfd M d}gf eG8f/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M d}gf eG8f/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ) ÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0f7f]/L uflj;–^ lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ #*jifL{o j;Gt e08f/LnfO{ sflQs !% ut] jfujGgfuflj;sf] kz'kltgu/ 6f]nsf Pshgfsf] 3/df

@=( k;f+{


;'lt/x]sf] a]nfdf ;]gfn]kqmfp u/L a]kQf kf/]sf]lyof]. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no k;f{n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkofF /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-@_ /fdfsfGt lu/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!@÷%* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) j}zfv !36gf:yn M k;f{ lhNnf ufbL uflj;k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]kfnL

sfª\u|];;“u cfa4_:yfoL 7]ufgf M k;f{ lhNnf ;f]gjiff{

uflj;–^afa'sf] gfd M dxfjL/ lu/Lcfdfsf] gfd M rGb|snf lu/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M jf;dtL lu/L / dfof lu/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M $÷#cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0f;f]gjiff{ uflj;–^lgjf;L /fdfsfGtlu/LnfO{ @)^) j}zfv( ut] ufbL uflj;dflkslgs dgfpg uPsf]a]nf dfcf]jfbLn] a]kQfagfPsf lyP. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no k;f{n]

kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ ?ks clwsf/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( kmfu'0f !÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s $36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf sf7df8f}“

dxfgkfk]zf M ljBfyL{ -clvn

qmflGtsf/L;“u cfa4_:yfoL 7]ufgf M lrtjg lhNnf lk7"jf

uflj;–(afa'sf] gfd M lgnk|;fb clwsf/L cfdfsf] gfd M ;/:jtL clwsf/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0flk7"jf uflj;–( lgjf;L @! jifL{o ?ksclwsf/LnfO{ )^) sflt{s $ ut] sf7df8f}“sf]gf/fo0fuf]kfn rf]saf6 ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/Lnu]/ a]kQf agfPsf lyP.. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no lrtjgn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkof“ /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@_ ef]nf/fh ;]9fO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!% c;f]h !%÷$# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* dª\l;/ !#36gf:yn M lrtjg lhNnf jL/]Gb|gu/

uflj;–@k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL;“u cfa4_:yfoL 7]ufgf M lrtjg lhNnf e08f/f

uflj;–%afa'sf] gfd M lgnaxfb'/ ;]9fO{

@=( lrtjg


cfdfsf] gfd M gGbs'df/L ;]9fO{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtkTgLsf] gfd M hd'gf ;]9fO{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fe08f/f uflj;–% sf$# jifL{o ef]nf/fh;]9fOnfO{ )%* dª\l;/# ut] kf6L{sf] sfdsf]l;nl;nfdf 3/af6lg:s]sf] / ;f]xLdlxgfsf] !# ut];DdjL/]Gb|gu/ uflj;–@ sf]

v'/v'/]df e]l6Psf] k|ToIfbzL{n] atfP klgxfn;Dd a]kQf 5g\. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{ lyP. kLl8tnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/u/L a]kQf agfPsf] kLl8tsf kl/jf/n] atfP..lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no lrtjgn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof“ /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-#_ s[i0f Kofs'/]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ h]7 @^÷#$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) kmfu'g !$36gf:yn M a/fxIf]q uflj;, ;'g;/Lk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M lrtjg lhNnf e/tk'/

gkf–!@j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;/:jtL Kofs'/]n

ljj/0fe/tk'/ gkf–!@ sfs[i0f Kofs'/]nnfO{@)^) kmfu'g !$ ut];'g;/L lhNnfsf]a/fxIf]q uflj;af6;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/

u/L a]kQf agfP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof“ /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$_ v]dnfn cfrfo{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@@ ebf} @# ÷#* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) df3 @( ut]36gf:yn M k;f{ lhNnf jujGgf

uflj; (, hd'gf6f]nk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M e/tk'/ gfkf–!@afa'sf] gfd M sZdfv/ cfrfo{cfdfsf] gfd M elQmdfof cfrfo{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

ljj/0fe/tk'/ gkf–!@ sf #* jifL{o v]dnfncfrfo{nfO{ @)^) df3 @( ut] ;]gf / k|x/Lsf];+o'Qm 6f]nLn] k;f{ lhNnfsf] juaGgf uflj; (hd'gf 6f]naf6 lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/].

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-%_ /fhg Gof}kfg]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ c;f]h @^÷#@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'0f %36gf:yn M lrtjg lhNnf d+unk'/

uflj;–%:yfoL 7]ufgf M lrtjg lhNnf d+unk'/

uflj;–%afa'sf] gfd M ejgfy Gof}kfg]cfdfsf] gfd M gfgLd}of Gof}kfg]j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fd+unk'/ uflj;–% lgjf;L #@ jifL{o /fhgGof}kfg]nfO{ )%* kmfu'g % ut] ;]gfn] g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{sf] 3/ gb]v]sf] eGb} lu/ˆtf/u/L ;]gfsf] uf8Ldf /fvL nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf


c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no lrtjgn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof“ /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-^_ ef]h/fh lu/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))& kmfu'0f ^÷%! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t !^36gf:yn M lrtjg lhNnf e/tk'/

gkf–$k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M lrtjg lhNnf

e/tk'/ gkf–!!j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ef]hdfof lu/L

ljj/0fe/tk'/ gkf–@ If]qk'/ 8]/f u/L a:g] %! jifL{oef]h/fh lu/LnfO{ )%* r}t !^ ut] e/tk'/gkf–$ cfgGbdfu{l:yt Ps 3/df 8Ø"6Lsf]cj:yfdf ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no lrtjgn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkof“ /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-&_ cfOt] ;'g'jf/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ h]7 !&÷#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @) ut]36gf:yn M lrtjg lhNnf kl6xfgL

uflj;–*k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M lrtjg lhNnf kl6xfgL

uflj;–*afa'sf] gfd M nlntaxfb'/ ;'gf/j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lgg' ;'gf/

ljj/0fkl6xfgL uflj;–* sf #% jifL{o cfOt] ;'gf/nfO{@)%( h]7 @) ut] ;]gfn] kLl8tsf] 3/af6}lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]. kLl8t ;lxt cGo !)

hgfnfO{ ;]gfsf] e/tk'/ l:yt Jof/]ssf]lx/f;tdf /fv]sf]df cGo ;a}sf] cj:yf;fj{hlgs eof] eg] kLl8t ;'gf/sf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft /x]sf] 5.

-*_ 1fg]Gb| lqkf7LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@% h]7 !$ ÷#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h !) ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}F lhNnf

sf7df8f}F dgkf–#%k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M /Tggu/ gkf–!#afa'sf] gfd M 8f]ngfy lqkf7Lcfdfsf] gfd M eujtL lqkf7Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M zld{nf kGt -lqkf7L_

ljj/0f/Tggu/ gkf !# lgjf;L cg]/f:jljo'

-qmflGtsf/L_ sf g]tf #%jifL{o 1fg]Gb| lqkf7LnfO{sf7df08f}af6 zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/u/L a]kQf kf/].kLl8tnfO{ sf7df8f}Fsf]e}/jgfy u0fdflx/f;tdf /flvPsf] /

;f]xL 7fpFaf6 pgnfO{ a]kQf kf/]sf] lyof].

-(_ v]dnfn cfrfo{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@@ ebf} @#÷#* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) df3 @( ut]36gf:yn M k;f{ lhNnf jujGgf

uflj; (, hd'gf6f]nk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M e/tk'/ gfkf–!@afa'sf] gfd M s'Zdfv/ cfrfo{cfdfsf] gfd M elQmdfof cfrfo{


j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

ljj/0fe/tk'/ gkf–!@ sf #* jifL{o v]dnfncfrfo{nfO{ @)^) df3 @( ut] ;]gf / k|x/Lsf];+o'Qm 6f]nLn] k;f{ lhNnfsf] juaGgf uflj;–(hd'gf 6f]naf6 lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf¥of].

-!)_ s[i0faxfb'/ ljshGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ ÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} #! ut]36gf:yn M lrtjg lhNnf uLtfgu/

uflj;–#, rDkfgu/k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M kl6xfgL uflj;–*,

u+ufgu/j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

ljj/0fkl6xfgL uflj; * u+ufgu/sf @! jifL{os[i0faxfb'/ ljsnfO{ @)%( ebf} #! ut] uLtfgu/uflj; # rDkfgu/af6 ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/La]kQf kf/]. pgnfO{ ;f]xL 7fpFsf] Ps xf]6ndflrof vfO/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;]gfn] lk5f ub}{ nv]6Llu/km\tf/ u/L xfn;Dd a]kQf kf/]sf] 5f]/L;'zLnf ljsn] atfOg. ;f]xL 36gfdf pgL;Fu}/x]sf wgk|;fb u'?ªnfO{ xf]6naf6 efUb} ubf{;]gfn] uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] lyof].

g]kfn k|x/Laf6-!!_ nlntaxfb'/ u'?ªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ kmfu'0f !&÷## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @%36gf:yn M lrtjg lhNnf e/tk'/

gkf–!):yfoL 7]ufgf M lrtjg lhNnf e/tk'/

gkf–*afa'sf] gfd M gGbk|;fb u'?ªcfdfsf] gfd M g/dfof u'?ª

j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M clgtf u'?ª

ljj/0fe/tk'/ gkf–* z/bk'/ lgjf;L ## jifL{onlntaxfb'/ u'?ªnfO{ )%( h]7 @% ut] k|x/Ln]e/tk'/ gkf–!) afndlGb/ 6f]naf6 dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf lu/ˆtf/ u/L km:6 /fOkmn u0f e/tk'/Jof/]snfO{ a'emfPsf]df kLl8t xfn;DDf a]kQf5g\. ;]gfn] ;f]xL /ftL pgL ;DalGwt kl/jf/sf]ePgePsf] 6]lnkmf]gaf6 cfk"mx¿;Fu a'e]msf]kLl8t kl/jf/ atfpF5g\. kqmfp k/]kl5 pgn]cfk"m dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ ePsf] atfPsf] k|x/Lsf]egfO{ /x]sf] 5. pgL dfgl;s¿kdf la/fdL /x]sf]kLl8t kl/jf/sf] egfO 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no lrtjgn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkof“ /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!@_ /fdaxfb'/ Anf]ghGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( df3 @)÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! dª\l;/ *36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf yffgsf]6

uflj;k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dsjfgk'/ lhNnf uf]ug]

uflj;–*afa'sf] gfd M /fdaxfb'/ Anf]gcfdfsf] gfd M dflxnLdfof Anf]gj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fuf]ug] uflj;–* lgjf;L @@ jifL{o /fdaxfb'/Anf]gnfO{ )^! dª\l;/ * ut] sf7df8f}“}sf]yffgsf]6 k|x/Ln] r]shfFr ug]{ qmddf kqmfp u/La]kQf kf/]sf] lyof]. kLl8t;Fu} sf7df8f}“} hfgnfu]sf 1fgaxfb'/ nfdf / /fhs'df/nfO{ eg]r]shFfr u/]/ 5f8]sf lyP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fOPsf] 5}g.


-!#_ b08kfl0f Gof}kfg]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))# r}t !@÷%# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%^ h]7 &36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf sf7df8f}“

dxfgkfk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL;“u cfa4_:yfoL 7]ufgf M lrtjg lhNnf uLtfgu/

uflj;–@afa'sf] gfd M a'l¢;fu/ Gof}kfg]j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M zfGtf Gof}kfg]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷#

ljj/0fuLtfgu/ uflj;–@ lgjf;L %# jifL{o b08kfl0fGof}kfgnfO{ )%^ h]7 & ut] sf7df8f}“sf]snª\sLaf6 g]kfn k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQfagfPsf] lyof]. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no lrtjgn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof“ /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!$_ P]taxfb'/ yfkf du/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) sflt{s @^÷@* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* dªl;/36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf kf]v/f

pkdgkfk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL;“u cfj4_:yfoL 7]ufgf M lrtjg lhNnf r}gk'/

uflj;–@afa'sf] gfd M g/axfb'/ yfkf

cfdfsf] gfd M k]jnfb]jLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fr}gk'/ uflj;–@ lgjf;L Hofld/]sf @* jifL{oP]taxfb'/ yfkf du/nfO{ @)%* dªl;/ sf:sLlhNnfsf] lrKn]9'ª\ufl:yt 8]/faf6 km"naf/LJof/]ssf ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf agfPsf]lyof]. ;Fu} a:g] ;fyLsf cg';f/ kLl8t a;]sf]3/df /x]sf] d]l8sn;d]t ;]gfn] hnfPsf] lyof]].lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no lrtjgn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof“ /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!%_ kml0fGb| l;+v8fhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@%÷#) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% kmfu'0f #36gf:yn M lrtjg lhNnf e/tk'/

gkf–$:yfoL 7]ufgf M lrtjg lhNnf lk7"jf

uflj;–%afa'sf] gfd M ef]bQ l;+v8fj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!

ljj/0flk7"jf uflj;–% sf #$ jifL{o kml0fGb| l;+v8fnfO{)%% kmfu'0f # ut] j8f k|x/L sfof{nogf/fo0fu9sf k|x/Ln] e/tk'/ gkf–$ l:ytgf/fo0fL k'nd'lg gf/fo0fL gbLdf g'xfpFb} u/]sf]a]nfdf lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf]df xfn;Dd a]kQf 5g\.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fOPsf]5}g.



;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ /~hLt bgf{nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( c;f]h !#÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) k'; @%36gf:yn M sf7df8f}+ lhNnf skg

uflj;k]zf M Hofnfbf/L -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL;“u cfa4_:yfoL 7]ufgf M dsjfgk'/ lhNnf xl6of

uflj;–$afa'sf] gfd M g]qaxfb'/ bgf{ncfdfsf] gfd M ;'eb|f bgf{nj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /Gh' bgf{n5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fxl6of uflj;–$ sf @!jifL{o /~hLt bgf{nnfO{sf7df8f}+sf] skgaf6)^) k'; @* ut];'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/u/L a]kQf agfPsf]lyof]. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no dsjfgk'/n]

kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@_ cd[t bgf{nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ ;fpg &÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) k'; @*

36gf:yn M sf7df8f}+ lhNnf skg uflj;

k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M dsjfgk'/ lhNnf xl6of

uflj;–$afa'sf] gfd M g]qaxfb'/ bgf{ncfdfsf] gfd M ;'eb|f bgf{nj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kTgLn] csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!

ljj/0fxl6of uflj;–$lgjf;L !* jifL{ocd[t bgf{nnfO{ @)^)k'; @* ut]; ' / I f f s d L { n ]sf7df8f}+sf] skgaf6lgoGq0fdf lnP/a]kQf agfPsf] lyof].

lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no dsjfgk'/n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-#_ s[i0faxfb'/ 3nfghGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))% h]7 !)÷%^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! ;fpg @&36gf:yn M dsjfgk'/ lhNnf dgx/L

uflj;–#k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dsjfgk'/ lhNnf dgx/L

uflj;–#afa'sf] gfd M dfgaxfb'/ 3nfgcfdfsf] gfd M 7"nLdfof 3nfgj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M dgdfof 3nfg5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷#

ljj/0fdgx/L uflj;–# sf %^ jifL{o s[i0faxfb'/

@=!! dsjfgk'/


3nfgnfO{ )^! ;fpg @& ut] ;'/IffsdL{n]lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf agfPsf lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no, ;'gfr'/L Jof/]s k;f{ jGohGt'cf/If0fdf k6sk6s >LdtL dgdfofn] ;Dks{ug{ uPsf] t/ s;}n] klg hfgsf/L lbPgg\. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no dsjfgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{! nfv ?lkofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$_ ;Gtaxfb'/ jfOjfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!! ebf} *÷$( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s !#36gf:yn M dsjfgk'/ lhNnf

dsjfgk'/u9L uflj;–#k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dsjfgk'/ lhNnf uf]ug]

uflj;–#afa'sf] gfd M kbdaxfb'/ jfOjfcfdfsf] gfd M ans'df/L jfOjfj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M 5'lN7d8f]Ndf jfOjf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M # ÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fdsjfgk'/u9L uflj;–#lgjf;L $( jifL{o;Gtaxfb'/ jfOjfnfO{)^) sflt{s !# ut];'/IffsdL{n] x]6f}+8f cfpFb}ubf{ jfOjfnfO{ lgoGq0fdflnPsf] lyof]. kLl8t

kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{ kfPsf] 5}g.

-%_ gf]dgfy >L/fd nfld5fg]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ j}zfv !*÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! dª\l;/ !&36gf:yn M sf7df8f}+ lhNnf sf7df8f}+

dgkf

k]zf M Hofnfbf/L -g]skf dfcf]jfbL;“u cfa4_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M dsjfgk'/ lhNnf x]6f}+8f gkf–^

afa'sf] gfd M kml0fGb|k|;fb nfld5fg]cfdfsf] gfd M 6Lsfs'df/L nfld5fg]j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fx]6f}+8f gkf–^ sf @%jifL{o gf]dgfy >L/fdnfld5fg]nfO{ )^!dª\l;/ !& ut]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf;'/IffsdL{n] sf7df8f}+afu]Zj/Laf6 lgoGq0fdflnP/ a]kQf agfPsf

lyof]. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no dsjfgk'/n]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-^_ 1fg]Gb| sfnfv]tLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ r}t ^÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ !*36gf:yn M dsjfgk'/ lhNnf dgxl/

uflj;–$k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dsjfgk'/ lhNnf

dgxl/ uflj;–$afa'sf] gfd M 8f]ngfy sfnv]tLcfdfsf] gfd M /fdb]jL sfnv]tLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fdgxl/ uflj;–$ sf @& jifL{o 1fg]Gb|sfnfv]tLnfO{ )%( c;f/ !* ut] ;]gfn] dgxl/uflj;–$ af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf agfof].kLl8tsf cfkmGt lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no x]6f}+8f,lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no x]6f}+8f / ;'gfr'/L Jof/]sdf


k6s–k6s uP/ a'em\bf klg tL lgsfon] lu/ˆtf/u/]sf] :jLsf/ u/]gg\. t/ ufpFn]x¿n] ;fbfkf];fsdf cfPsf ;]gfn] kqmfp u/]sf] b]v]sf]atfP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no dsjfgk'/n]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-&_ ;'snfn lyªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$^ dªl;/ %÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ df3 @(36gf:yn M k;f{ lhNnf aujGgf

uflj;–(k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL;“u cfa4_:yfoL 7]ufgf M dsjfgk'/ lhNnf

kbdkf]v/L uflj;–#afa'sf] gfd M dfgaxfb'/ lyªcfdfsf] gfd M sfG5Ldfof lyªj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M dgdfof lyª5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fkbdkf]v/L uflj;–# lgjf;L @) jifL{o ;'snfnlyªnfO{ )^@ df3 @( ut] ;]gfn] k;f{ lhNnfsf]aujGgf uflj;–( af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQfagfPsf] lyof]. kLl8tsf kl/jf/n] vf]hL ul/lbglhNnf k|x/L sfof{no / lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nox]6f}+8fdf k6sk6s df}lvs / lnlvt cfu|x /cg'/f]w u/]klg pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft/x]sf] 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no dsjfgk'/n]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-*_ ch'{g /vfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## dª\l;/ !÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t !

36gf:yn M /f}tx6 lhNnf kf}/fO uflj;

:yfoL 7]ufgf M dsjfgk'/ lhNnf a]ltgL uflj;–#

afa'sf] gfd M eLdaxfb'/ /vfncfdfsf] gfd M j{tdfof /vfnj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;/:jtL /vfn5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ) ÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fa]ltgL uflj;–# sf @% jifL{o ch'{g /vfnnfO{)%* r}t ! ut] ;]gfn] /f}tx6 lhNnfaf6lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf agfof]. kLl8tsf kl/jf/n]lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no /f}tx6 / ;nf{xLsf]k|zf;g sfof{nodf kLl8tsf] cj:yf af/]hfgsf/L dfu u/]sf lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no dsjfgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-(_ /fh]Gb| rf}/]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ sflt{s $÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) k'; @%36gf:yn M sf7df8f}+ lhNnf skg

uflj;k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M dsjfgk'/ lhNnf lwofn

uflj;–(afa'sf] gfd M hoaxfb'/ rf}/]ncfdfsf] gfd M ;/:jtL rf}/]nj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ufoqL rf}/]n5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0flwofn uflj;–( sf @$ jifL{o /fh]Gb| rf}/]nnfO{)^) k'; @% ut] laxfg sf7df8f}+ skgaf6;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf agfof]. pgL;Fu}


lu/ˆtf/ ePsf cGo @ hgf klg a]kQf 5g\.:yfgLo k|zf;gn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ @ nfv?lkofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!)_ b]zL Anf]ghGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!) sflt{s !#÷%) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s !#36gf:yn M dsjfgk'/ lhNnf

dsjfgk'/u9L uflj;–#k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dsjfgk'/ lhNnf

dsjfgk'/u9L uflj;–@afa'sf] gfd M ljjO{ Anf]gcfdfsf] gfd M ;f]ddfof Anf]gj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ty{s'df/L Anf]g5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @ ÷%cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fdsjfgk'/u9L uflj;–@lgjf;L %) jifL{o b]zLAnf]gnfO{ )^) sflt{s!# ut] lbpF;f] 3/af6a; r9]/ x]6f}+8f cfpg]qmddf u9L uflj; # df;r{df a;]sf zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfn] a; /f]s]/

lgoGq0fdf lnP/ a]kQf agfPsf lyP. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no dsjfgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{! nfv ?lkofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!!_ ;'s/fd ljs ‘ljqmd’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) j}zfv !%÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ c;f]h %36gf:yn M dsjfgk'/ lhNnf x]6f}+8f

gkf–$k]zf M Jofkf/L

:yfoL 7]ufgf M dsjfgk'/ lhNnf kmfk/af/L uflj;–@

afa'sf] gfd M t'naxfb'/ ljsj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kTgLn] csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ) ÷@

ljj/0fkmfk/af/L uflj;–@lgjf;L @@ jifL{o ;'s/fdljs ljqmdnfO{ )^@c;f]h % ut] x]6f}+8fgu/kflnsf sflGt/fhkyaf6 ;fbfkf];fssf ;}lgsn]lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf

agfPsf lyP. kLl8t ljs e+};L Jofkf/L x'g\.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no dsjfgk'/n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

g]kfn k|x/Laf6-!@_ /fdaxfb'/ Anf]ghGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( df3 !) ut]÷@@jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! dª\l;/ * ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}F lhNnf

eLd9'ª\uf uflj;, gfu9'ª\uf

k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dsjfgk'/ lhNnf uf]ug]

uflj;–*afa'sf] gfd M /fdaxfb'/ Anf]gcfdfsf] gfd M dflxnLdfof Anf]g j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

ljj/0fuf]ug] uflj; * sf @@ jifL{o /fdaxfb'/


nlntk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofFF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@_ gGbuf]kfn dfnLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## h]7 *÷@* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! c;f/ *36gf:yn M nlntk'/ lhNnf nlntk'/

pkdgkf–!^k]zf M Hofnfbf/L -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL;“u cfa4_:yfoL 7]ufgf M nlntk'/ lhNnf 7]rf]

uflj;–^afa'sf] gfd M ;fg' dfnLcfdfsf] gfd M ld> dfnLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M zf]ef dfnL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0f7]rf] uflj;–^ sf @*jifL{o gGbuf]kfndfnLnfO{ sfd ul//x]sf]cj:yfdf ;'/IffsdL{n]sf7df8f}+ lhNnfsfdgkf–!^ tfxrfnaf6lu/ˆtf/ u/L )^! c;f/* ut]]] a]kQf agfPsflyP. lhNnf ljsf;

;ldtLn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ @) xhf/ ?lkofFF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#_ /fh]Gb| dfnLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ c;f]h @÷@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h !%36gf:yn M nlntk'/ lhNnf nlntk'/

pkdxfgkfk]zf M gv'n]sf] -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL;“u cfa4_

75


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ afa'/fhf dfnLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* j}zfv @$÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! k'; #36gf:yn M nlntk'/ lhNnf nlntk'/

pkdfgkfk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL;“u cfa4_:yfoL 7]ufgf M nlntk'/ lhNnf 7]rf]

uflj;–^afa'sf] gfd M wd{ dfnLcfdfsf] gfd M /Tgs'df/L dfnLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f7]rf] uflj;–^ sf @#jifL{o afa'/fhfdfnLnfO{ nlntk'/pkdxfgkf g6f]naf6)^! k'; # ut]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/u/L a]kQf agfPsf

lyP. d'tL{ agfpg] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf g6f]nhfFbf pu|r08L dlGb/ cufl8af6 kLl8tnfO{lu/ˆtf/ ul/Psf] lyof]. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no

Anf]gnfO{ @)^! dª\l;/ * ut] sf7df8f}Fsf]gfu9'ª\ufdf r]shfFh ug]{ qmddf k|x/Ln]lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf agfof]. kLl8t;Fu sf7df8f}Fhfg nfu]sf 1fgaxfb'/ nfdf / /fhs'df/nfO{ eg]k|x/Ln] ;f]wk'5 u/L l/xf u/]sf] lyof].

@=!@ nlntk'/


:yfoL 7]ufgf M nlntk'/ lhNnf 7]rf] uflj;–^

afa'sf] gfd M efO{ dfnLcfdfsf] gfd M df]xgdfof dfnLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ?aL >]i75f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!

ljj/0f7]rf] uflj;–^ sf @^jifL{o /fh]Gb| dfnLnfO{kf6L{sf] sfdsf]l;nl;nfdf nlntk'/pkgkf d+unahf/rf}unaf6 )^) c;f]h!% ut]] ;'/IffsdL{n]lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf

agfPsf lyP. lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofFF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-$_ uf]kfn gu/sf]6LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; !(36gf:yn M nlntk'/ lhNnf nlntk'/

pkdxfgkf–!#k]zf M Hofnfbf/L -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL;“u cfa4_:yfoL 7]ufgf M nlntk'/ lhNnf 5DkL

uflj;–$afa'sf] gfd M /fds[i0f gu/sf]6Lcfdfsf] gfd M sfG5L gu/sf]6Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kTgLn] csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0f5DkL uflj;–$ sf @% jifL{o uf]kfngu/sf]6LnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf )%* k';

!( ut] nlntk'/pkdgkf–!#, s';'GtLl:ytuf/d]G6 sf/vfgfaf6;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/La]kQf agfPsf] lyof].lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nonlntk'/ / lhNnf ljsf;;ldltn] kLl8t

kl/jf/nfO{ @ nfv @) xhf/ ?lkofFF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%_ kbdgf/fo0f gsdL{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## j}zfv %÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h %36gf:yn M nlntk'/ lhNnf a'ª\dtL

uflj;–#k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL;“u cfa4_:yfoL 7]ufgf M nlntk'/ lhNnf a'ª\dtL

uflj;–#afa'sf] gfd M s[i0fgf/fo0f gsdL{cfdfsf] gfd M /fhdfof gsdL{j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fnlntk'/ lhNnf a'ª\dtLuflj;–# sf @& jifL{okbdgf/fo0f gsdL{nfO{)^) c;f]h % ut]3/df ;'lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf d'vdf k§LafFwL cfPsf ;]gfn] 3]/fxfnL ;f]wk'5 ug'{ 5 egL

lu/ˆtf/ u/]/ a]kQf agfPsf lyP. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fOPsf] 5}g.kLl8t gsdL{sL kTgL /fddfof gsdL{n] @)^#k'; @) ut] ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf ls ;f; b]p lsnf; b]p eGb} bfo/ l/6 @)^& ebf} !! ut];jf]{Rr cbfntsf GofofwLzåo an/fd s];L /

76


e/t/fh pk|]ltsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;n] a]kQf JolQmsfljifodf sfg'g aGg afsL g} /x]sf] / To;sf]ljifodf ;jf]{Rrn] yk af]ln/xg' gkg]{ eGb} l/6vf/]hL u/]sf] 5. /fHon] a]kQf kfg]{lj?4 sfg'gagfPkl5 dfq} cfof]unfO{ 5fglagsf] clwsf/ x'g]GofofwLzsf] /fo 5 gsdL{;Fu} lu/km\tf/ u/]sfcGt'dfg >]i7, dlR5Gb| >]i7, cld/ zfSo, /fdzfxL, cd[tdfg >]i7 wd{/fh 8+uf]nnfO{ ;]gfn]5f8]sf] lyof]. kbdgf/fo0fnfO{ ;]gfn] e}/jgfyu0faf6 a]kQf agfPsf] lyof]. ;jf]{Rrn] /fli6«odfgjclwsf/ cf]of]u;Fu gsdL{sf] l:yltsf] af/]dfhjfkm dfUbf ;]gfsf] 5fpgL xl:k6ndf la/fdLeP/ pkrf/ ug{ nu]sf];Ddsf] cj:yf yfxfePsf] / To;kl5sf] l:ylt c1ft ePsf] atfPsf]5. sf7df8f}F k|x/L kl/;/ x'g'dfg9f]sf / cfdL{x]8Sjf6/n] klg gsdL{sf] ljifodf s'g} k|lts[oflbPsf] 5}g. /fddfofn] ;/sf/n] lbg] ePsf]Psnfv Ifltk"lt{ a'em]sL 5}gg\.

g]kfn k|x/Laf6-^_ ldng g]kfnLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@% h]7÷#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%^ h]7 &36gf:yn M sf7df8f}+ lhNnf sf7df8f}+

dxfgkf–!!

k]zf M kqsfl/tf -g]skf dfcf]jfbL;“u cfa4_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M nlntk'/ lhNnf Odf8f]n uflj;–*

afa'sf] gfd M ltnaxfb'/ vjf;cfdfsf] gfd M eujlt vjf;j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;ljtf a:g]t5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fOdf8f]n uflj;–* sf hgfb]z ;fKtlxssf k|aGw;Dkfbs #! jifL{o ldng g]kfnLnfO{ klqsfsf]nflu sfuh vl/b ug{ lxF8]sf] cj:yfdf )%^ h]7

& ut] ;fbf kf]zfsdfcfPsf k|x/Lsf &–*hgfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/LEofgdf /fv]/ c1ft:yfgtkm{ nu]sf lyP.;f] lbgb]lv pgnfO{a]kQf agfOPsf] xf].pgnfO{ a]kQf agfPsf]

eGb} pgsf kl/jf/n] )%^ h]7 !) ut] ;jf]{Rrdfl/6 bfo/ u/]sf]df ;jf]{Rrn] l/6 vf/]h u/]sf]lyof]. k'gM l/6 bfo/ u/]sf]df ;f] l/6 klg;jf]{Rrn] vf/]h u/]sf] lyof]. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no nlntk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkofFF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-&_ czf]s nfdf tfdfªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ df3 @*÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! c;f/ @^ 36gf:yn M nlntk'/ lhNnf b]jLrf}/

uflj;–@k]zf M Jofkf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M nlntk'/ lhNnf b]jLrf}/

uflj;–@afa'sf] gfd M /fdaxfb'/ tfdfªcfdfsf] gfd M lrgdfof tfdfªj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M c~hgf tfdfª5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0fb]jLrf}/ uflj;–@ sf@& jifL{o czf]stfdfªnfO{ k;ndfal;/x]sf] a]nfdfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{n])^! c;f/ @^ ut]];fFem * ah] ckx/0fu/L a]kQf agfPsf

77


lyP. lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{@) xhf/ ?lkofFF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf]5. ckx/0f u/]sf] sl/a Ps jif{kl5 ;a} ljj/0fv'nfO{ @)^@ ;fpg !# ut] pgsf] kl/jf/n]/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]udf vf]hLsf] nflulgj]bg lbPsf] lyof]. cfof]udf lgj]bg ! ;o **gDa/df btf{ 5 eg] czf]ssf] kmOn gDa/ #xhf/ *^ /x]sf] 5. cfof]un] pgsf] l:ylt af/]lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no nlntk'/df ;f]wk'5 ubf{dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/L nu]sf] eGg] hjfkmk7fPsf] lyof].

-*_ /lj v8\sfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! c;f/ @^÷ #) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! h]7 &36gf:yn M nlntk'/ lhNnf b]jLrf}/

uflj;–%:yfoL 7]ufgf M nlntk'/ lhNnf b]jLrf}/

uflj;–%afa'sf] gfd M hutaxfb'/ v8\sfcfdfsf] gfd M afns'df/L v8\sfj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /]g'sf v8\sf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ) ÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fb]jLrf}/ uflj;–% sf#) jifL{o /lj v8\sfnfO{)^! h]7 & ut]] !@ ah]lbpF;f] 3/af6 dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{n] ckx/0f u/]/dsjfgk'/sf] dGynLuflj;df k'¥ofO{ a]kQfagfPsf lyP. kLl8t

kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{ kfPsf] 5}g.

78


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{-!_ sfG5fdfg Anf]g ‘nfns'df/’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ df3 !& ut]÷@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ k'; !# ut]36gf:yn M eQmk'/ lhNnf eQmk'/

gkf–!&k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf

d]R5] uflj;–( 5fkufp“afa'sf] gfd M rGb|axfb'/ Anf]gcfdfsf] gfd M /fd|L tfdfªkTgLsf] gfd M 8f]Ndf] tfdfª5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgf

ljj/0fd]R5] uflj;–* sfnfns'df/ elgg] @^jifL{o sfG5fdfg Anf]g@)^@ k'; !# ut]b]lva]kQf eP. dfcf]jfbLsfk"0f{sfnLg sfo{stf{sf]¿kdf sfd ub}{cfPsf]df kf6L{sf]

;Dks{df gcfPsfn] ;'/IffsdL{n] a]kQf kf/]sf]egL dfcf]jfbLn] kl/jf/nfO{ hfgsf/L lbP. ;fdfgcf];f/–k;f/sf] sfddf ;lqmo pgsf] vf]hLsfnflu kl/jf/n] dfgjclwsf/ ;ª\3;+:yfdflgj]bg lbP klg pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft/x]sf] 5. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkof“ /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

@=!# sfe|]


-@_ ;u'g >]i7hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% c;f/ #) ut]÷@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! k'; !% ut]36gf:yn M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf

w'lnv]n gkf–#k]zf M Jofkf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf

w'lnv]n gkf–# ;~hLjgLahf/

afa'sf] gfd M k"0f{dfg >]i7cfdfsf] gfd M nIdL >]i7kTgLsf] gfd M b'uf{ >]i75f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgf

ljj/0fw'lnv]n gkf–# sf @^jifL{o ;u'g >]i7 )^!k'; !% ut] lbpF;f]w'lnv]nl:yt 3/af6a]kQf eP. kLl8tkl/jf/sf cg';f/pgnfO{ ;"o{ljgfosl:yt;]gfsf] Jof/]sdf b]v]sf]

s'/f ToxfFaf6 5'6]sf aGbLx¿n] atfP. )^! k';@@ ut] dWo/ft pgnfO{ ;Fu} lnP/ ;]gfn]sf7df8f}F, nlntk'/ / ;fg]kfl:yt cfkmGtsf]3/df ;r{ u/]sf lyP. kLl8tsf] cj:yfaf/] ;'/Ifflgsfon] kl/jf/nfO{ s'g} hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5}g.kLl8t kl/jf/n] cj:yfsf] vf]hL ul/lbg ;+o'Qm/fi6«;ª\3Lo dfgjclwsf/ pRrfof]u, /]8qm;sf]cGt/f{li6«o ;ldlt, /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u,PDg]i6L OG6/g]zgn / OG;]snufotsfdfgjclwsf/ ;ª\3;+:yfdf cg'/f]w u/]sf lyP.lu/ˆtf/Lsf ljifodf s]xL yfxf gePsf] :yfgLok|zf;gn] atfof]. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ @ nfv ?lkof“ /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-#_ OGb|axfb'/ kf7shGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% df3 !@ ut]÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) kmfu'g @% ut] 36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

sf7df8f}“ dgkf–@)k]zf M ;fdflhs sfo{stf{

w'lnv]n c:ktfn, 5q]v]p/fnL zfvf_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf dfbgs'“8f/L uflj;–^ ljª\ynL

afa'sf] gfd M 6xnaxfb'/ kf7scfdfsf] gfd M s'i0fs'df/L kf7sj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @ hgf

ljj/0fdfbgs'F8f/L uflj;–^ljª\ynL lgjf;L :jf:Yosfo{stf{ @% jifL{oOGb|/fh kf7snfO{wflbªaf6 sf7df8f}“uO/x]sf] cj:yfdf )^)kmfu'g @% ut] ;fbfkf]zfsdf /x]sf

;'/IffsdL{n] led;]g:yfgaf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQfagfP. w'lnv]n c:ktfnsf] 5q]b]p/fnL zfvfdfsfo{/t ;LPdP kf7snfO{ af!em &@^@ gDa/sf]uf8Ldf xfnL nluPsf] hfgsf/L w'lnv]nc:ktfnn] lbPsf] lyof]. kLl8t lj/fdL ePsfn]pkrf/sf nflu wflbªaf6 lr/~hLjL vs'/]n //fh' vs'/]nsf ;fy sf7df8f}“ cfO/x]sf lyP.kLl8t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf s]Gb|Lo sld6L ;b:olyP. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkof“ /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

79


-$_ OGb|axfb'/ >]i7 ‘afa'sfhL’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! ebf} @@ ut]÷@( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) k'; !$ ut]36gf:yn M eQmk'/ lhNnf lrQkf]n

uflj;–!k]zf M sfo{stf{ -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL_:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf

kf“rvfn uflj;–( ltglkKn]

afa'sf] gfd M /fdaxfb'/ >]i7kTgLsf] gfd M 1fgLdfof >]i75f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgf

ljj/0fkfFrvfn uflj;–( sfafa'sfhL elgg] OGb|axfb'/>]i7nfO{ sf7df8f}F hfFb}ubf{ )^) k'; !$ ut];'/IffsdL{n] eQmk'/sf]glng]rf]sl:yt r]sKjfOG6af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/La]kQf agfP. dfcf]jfbLsf

sfe|] hg;/sf/ pkk|d'v / g]kfn /fli6«o d'lQmdf]rf{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o;d]t /x]sf >]i7nfO{ l/xfOug{ cg'/f]w ub}{ g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] )^! ;fpg #@ut] hf/L u/]sf] jQmJodf ebf} !@ ut] ;Dd a]kQfkfl/Psfx¿sf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs u/L l/xfOsf]k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 ga9fP s8f ;ª\3if{df pqgafWo x'g] atfPsf] lyof]. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ @ nfv ?lkof“ /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-%_ k|sfz l3ld/] ‘;'jf;’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ h]7 !& ut]÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! dª\l;/ & ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

sf7df8f}“ dgkf–#%k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf pu|tf/f hgufn uflj;–^ l;gfufn

afa'sf] gfd M j]bk|;fb l3ld/]cfdfsf] gfd M ;fljqL l3ld/]j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fpu|tf/f hgufn uflj;–^l;gfufnsf @% jifL{ok|sfz l3ld/] )^! dª\l;/& ut]b]lv sf7df8f}Fsf]sf]6]Zj/af6 a]kQf ePsflyP. ;fbf kf]zfsdfcfPsf ;'/IffsdL{n]sf]6]Zj/sf] hl8a'6Ll:yt

;fyLsf] sf]7faf6 a]kQf agfPsf lyP. kLl8tsf]cfdf ;fljqLsf cg';f/, Eofgdf r9]/ ;fbfkf]zfsdf cfPsf ;'/IffsdL{x¿n] pgnfO{ nu]sflyP. s;}n] lzjk'/L, s;}n] gVv' h]ndf eG5g\t/ 5f]/f e]6\g t s], s'g} hfgsf/L;d]t gkfOPsf]pgL atfpFl5g\. cfˆgf] 5f]/f sf7df8f}Fdfk|df0fkq txsf] bf];|f] jif{df kqsfl/tf lnP/cWoog/t\ /x]sf] / s'g} kf6L{df nfu]sf]cfkm"x¿nfO{ yfxf gePsf] atfpg] ;fljqL clxn]5f]/fs} vf]hLdf nflu ljleGg ;]gfsf] Jof/]sdfk'lu;s]sL l5g\. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof“ /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-^_ s[i0fgfy lrdf}l/ofhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! k'; @& ut]÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflt{s !@ ut]36gf:yn M af“s] lhNnf g]kfnu~h

gkf–!k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf

d]lygsf]6 uflj;–@, cf?6f/

afa'sf] gfd M kkbdgfy lrdf}l/of


cfdfsf] gfd M dLgs'df/L lrdf}l/ofkTgLsf] gfd M ;ljgf lrdf}l/of

ljj/0fd]lygsf]6 uflj;–@cf?6f/sf !* jifL{os[i0fgfy lrdf}l/of@)%( sflt{s !@ut]b]lv a]kQf ePsflyP. hgs dfljsf]sIff * df cWoog/t\pgL 3/ ;Nnfxn]

g]kfnu~h hfG5' eg]/ lxF8]sf] eP klg To;kl5slxNo} 3/df cfPgg\. s'v'/f kf]N6«L kmd{df sfdug{ eg]/ pgL uPkl5 ToxfF kmf]g ubf{ oxfFaf6uO;Sof] eg]/ kl/jf/nfO{ pQ/ lbOof].g]kfnu~hdf :yfgLon] kl/jf/nfO{ eg]cg';f/;'/IffsdL{n] uf8Ldf xfn]/ nu]sf lyP. To;kl5kLl8t;Fu slxNo} ;Dks{ ePg\. kLl8t;j{;fwf/0f JolQm lyP.

-&_ pd]zs'df/ ;]9fO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) df3 ! ut]÷@( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @* ut] 36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf sf7df8f}“

dgkf–#!k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf


ljtf{b]p/fnL uflj;–^ kf6Lu}/f

afa'sf] gfd M ledet ;]9fO{cfdfsf] gfd M eujtL ;]9fO{kTgLsf] gfd M piff ;]9fO{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷! hgf

ljj/0fljtf{b]p/fnL uflj;–^ kf6Lu}/fsf sf]lknf elgg]@( jifL{o pd]/s'df/ ;]9fO{nfO{ @)%( h]7 @*ut] ;'/IffsdL{x¿n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf agfP.

pgsf] cj:yfaf/] xfn;Ddhfgsf/L x'g ;s]sf] 5}g.g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof“/fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

zfxL g]knfL ;]gfaf6-*_ s'df/ bfxfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! j}zfv !* ut]÷#) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! h]7 @$ ut]36gf:yn M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf

pu|r08L gfnf uflj;–(k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf


pu|r08L gfnf uflj;–( ;'df/f

afa'sf] gfd M if8fgGb bfxfncfdfsf] gfd M lrqs'df/L bfxfnkTgLsf] gfd M b]jsL bfxfn5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@ hgf

ljj/0fpu|r08L gfnf uflj;–(;'df/fsf #) jifL{o s'df/bfxfn )^! h]7 @$ ut]b]lva]kQf eP. 3/af6 lrofvfg egL k;ndf uPsf] t/,3/df gkmls{Psf] kl/jf/sf]egfO 5. To;lbg eGbfklxn] pgnfO{ k'ln;n]

vf]lh/x]sf] 5, ufpFdf ga;\ eGg] vfnsf s'/fePsf] elth ;Ltf/fdn] atfP. s]xL lbg klxn]/ljcf]kL lgjf;L Ps hgf ;]gfnfO{ pgn] wDsLlbPsf] / tL ;]gfsf] xTofkl5 pgnfO{ ;]gfn];dft]/ nu]sf] c'gdfg kl/jf/sf] 5. g]kfn;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof“/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.


-(_ tf/fdfg tfdfª ‘hf]Os], ?ks’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@( j}zfv !^ ut] ÷#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf sf7df8f}“

dgkf–!%k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf


vx/]kf“u' uflj;–# kf“u' afa'sf] gfd M kdfgaxfb'/ nfdfcfdfsf] gfd M gfS;fn 8f]Ndf nfdfkTgLsf] gfd M dfof tfdfª5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷) hgf

ljj/0fvx/]kf“u' uflj;–#kf“u'sf ?ks elgg] #!jifL{o tf/fdfg tfdfª)^) dª\l;/ !) ut]b]lva]kQf eP. )^)sflt{ssf] clGtdlt/eQmk'/l:yt kTgLsf]sf]7fdf clGtd k6s

pgsf] kTgL;Fu e]6 ePsf] lyof]. kf6L{sf] sfddfxtf/ 5 eg]/ pgL uPsf lyP. eQmk'/l:ytafUn'ª sfk]{6df un}Frf a'Gg] sfddf /x]sf]cj:yfdf ;]gfn] tf/fdfgsf] kTgLnfO{ dª\l;/ $/ ^ ut] b'O{ k6s ;f]wk'5 ug]{ / t;f{pg] u/]sf]lyof]. sf]7fdf vfgtnf;L lnPsf] klg kTgLn]atfOg\. pgsf cg';f/ 8Nn'af6 rf/ hgf skfnnfdf] b]lvg] df]6f dfG5]x¿n] 6\ofS;Ldf xfn]/nu]sf lyP. kTgLnfO{ cfkmGtx¿n] slxn] y'g]sf]t slxn] a]kQf eof] eg]sf lyP. To;kl5kTgL;Fu slxNo} e]6 ePg vf]hljgsf nfludfcf]jfbL kf6L{, dfgjclwsf/ ;ª\3;+:yf / a]kQfkl/jf/ ;dfhdf cfu|x ul/Psf] kl/jf/sf] egfO5. kLl8t g]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ lyP. g]kfn;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof“/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!)_ a'l4axfb'/ tfdfªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@&÷## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ !# ut]36gf:yn M nlntk'/ lhNnf Os'8f]n

uflj;–%k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf

dfbgs'“8f/L uflj;–# x/bg

afa'sf] gfd M k~haxfb'/ tfdfªcfdfsf] gfd M d}of tfdfªkTgLsf] gfd M a;'g nfdf

ljj/0fdfbgs'F8f/L uflj;–#x/bgsf ## jifL{oa'l4axfb'/ tfdfª )^)dª\l;/ !# ut]b]lv a]kQfePsf lyP. ;+o'Qm/fi6«;ª\3Lo dfgjclwsf/pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{no,g]kfnn] sf7df8f}F

dxf/fhu~hl:yt zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Aof/]sdfePsf] :j]R5frf/L y'gf, oftgf / a]kQf;DaGwLk|ltj]bgdf tLghgf k"j{ y'g'jfn] a'l4 nfdftfdfªn] kfPsf] oftgfaf/] Ps} k|sf/sf] aofglbPsf] pNn]v 5. pgnfO{ nlntk'/ lhNnf8's'5fk uflj;af6 kqmfp ul/Psf] /k|ToIfbzL{sf cg';f/ a'l4 nfdfnfO{ oftgflbOPsf] sf/0f pgL xndf ;'Tg lbPsf] k/fnsf]sfk]{6dfly klN6g klg ;s]gg\. /ut / lkkn]9f8df 6fFl;Psf] / gª\df kLgn] 3f]lrPsfn]pgsf xftsf cf}Fnfsf gª\x¿ ;a} kfs]sf lyP.kLl8t g]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ lyP. g]kfn;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof“/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.


-!!_ rGb|s'df/ 9sfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ j}zfv @ ut]÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s @^ ut] 36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf sf7df8f}“

dgkf–!^k]zf M ljBfyL{ :yfoL 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf

kf]v/Lrf}/L uflj;–(, vf/afa'sf] gfd M s[i0fk|;fb 9sfncfdfsf] gfd M 6's'dfO{ 9sfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fkf]v/Lrf}/L uflj;–(vf/sf @$ jifL{orGb|s'df/ 9sfn )^)sflt{s @^ ut]b]lva]kQf eP. kl/jf/sfcg';f/ lbpF;f] ;/:jtLSofDk;df k9\gcfpFbfsf] ;dodf ;]gfn]

klqmP/ nu]sf] eGg] s'/f /]l8of]af6 ef]lnkN6;'g]/ yfxf kfPsf] xf]. qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{;ª\u7gdf nfu]sf] eGg] s'/f kl5 dfq yfxf eof].dfcf]jfbLsf :yfgLo g]tfx¿n] klg kqmfpdfk/]sf] s'/f kl/jf/nfO{ eg]sf lyP. kLl8tsfafa'sf] egfOdf cl3Nnf] jif{ pgL 3/df uPsflyP. xfn pgsf] vf]hlag eO/x]sf] t/ cj:yfkQf gnfu]sf] kl/jf/sf] egfO 5. kLl8t g]skfdfcf]jfbL kf6L{;Fu cfj4 lyP. g]kfn ;/sf/n]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof“ /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!@_ bfjf nfdf ‘uf}/j’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( j}zfv !^ ut]÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) ebf} $ ut] 36gf:yn M ;nf{xL lhNnf g]qu~h


dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf dª\un6f/ uflj;–& lkGynL

afa'sf] gfd M axfb'/l;+ tfdfªcfdfsf] gfd M dfOnL tfdfªkTgLsf] gfd M cGoq ljjfx

ljj/0fdª\un6f/ uflj;–&lkGynLsf @! jifL{ouf}/j elgg] bfjf nfdf)^) ebf} $ ut]b]lva]kQf ePsf lyP. kf6L{sfddf uPsf] ;dodf;nf{xLsf] gjnk'/af6;]gfn] pgnfO{ a]kQf

kf/]sf] dfcf]jfbLn] kl/jf/nfO{ atfPsf lyP.

g]kfn k|x/Laf6-!#_ sdnf zdf{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@#÷## jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%^ h]7 & ut] 36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf sf7df8f}“

dgkf–!!k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf_:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf

dfemLkm]bf uflj;–!afa'sf] gfd M k/dfgGb uf}tdcfdfsf] gfd M ;/:jtL uf}tdkltsf] gfd M lbg]z zdf{

ljj/0fsf7df8f}F 6]axfn 8]/fu/L a:g] kf]v/L rf}/Luflj;–& af]em] dfOtL3/ eO{ dfemLkm]bfuflj;–! sL ## jifL{ofsdnf zdf{nfO{ @)%^h]7 & ut] sf7df8f}Faf6


k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf agfPsf lyP. pgsf]cj:yf hfgsf/L lng ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf d'2f btf{ul/Psf]df k|x/Ln] pgnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ g} gu/]sf]k|ltpQ/ nufof]. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ @ nfv ?lkof“ /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!$_ gaLgs'df/ uf}tdhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@% dª\l;/ @@ ut]÷#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%^ h]7 & ut] 36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf sf7df8f}“

dgkf–!!k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL k"jL{ hg;]gf sdf08/_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf kf]v/Lrf}/L uflj;–&, af]em]

afa'sf] gfd M k/dfgGb uf}tdcfdfsf] gfd M ;/:jtL uf}tdkTgLsf] gfd M /]0f'sf rf}nfufO{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷! hgf

ljj/0fkf]v/Lrf}/L uflj;–&af]em] 3/ eO{ sf7df8f}F6]axfn 8]/f u/L a:g]#! jifL{o gaLguf}tdnfO{ )%^ h]7 &ut] sf7df8f}Faf6k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u/La]kQf agfPsf lyP.

pgsf] cj:yf hfgsf/L lng ;jf]{Rr cbfntdfd'2f btf{ ul/Psf]df k|x/Ln] pgnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ g}gu/]sf] k|ltpQ/ nufof]. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof“ /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!%_ kfN;fª nfdf ‘;fu/’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) h]7 @ ut]÷@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%^ h]7 @ ut] 36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf sf7df8f}“

dgkf–#!k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf


xf]S;]ahf/ uflj;–% eFu]/L 6f]n

afa'sf] gfd M wgaxfb'/ tfdfªcfdfsf] gfd M dfOnL tfdfªkTgLsf] gfd M s'df/L nfdf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgf

ljj/0fxf]S;]ahf/ uflj;–%eFu]/Lsf ;fu/ elgg]sf7df8f}Fdf 6\ofS;LrnfpFb} cfPsf @^ jifL{okfN;fª nfdfnfO{afuahf/af6 lxF8\b} ubf{@)%^ h]7 @ ut]lu/ˆtf/ u/L k|x/Ln]

a]kQf kf/]sf lyP. kLl8tnfO{ a]kQf agfPsf] af/]lgd{nf km'sf]{6L / hut nfdfn] @)%^ h]7 & ut];jf]{Rr cbfntdf aGbL k|TolIfs/0fsf] l/6 btf{u/fPsf]df @)%^ h]7 !) ut] sf/0f b]vfp cfb]zhf/L eO{ k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ g} gu/]sf] k|ltpQ/lbof]. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkof“ /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-!^_ wgaxfb'/ tfdfªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! h]7 $ ut]÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! c;f/ ^ ut]36gf:yn M l;Gw'nL lhNnf

s'z]Zj/b'Dhf uflj;–( vfgLufp“ 6f]n


k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf

7"nf]k;]{n uflj;–#afa'sf] gfd M dfgaxfb'/ tfdfªcfdfsf] gfd M dfOnL tfdfªj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f7"nf]k;]{n uflj;–# sfwgaxfb'/ tfdfªnfO{@)^! c;f/ !^ ut]b]lvdfcf]jfbLn] a]kQf agfP.dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n]cfkmGtsf] 3/df uPsf]cj:yfdf /ftsf] ;dodfckx/0f u/L a]kQf

agfPsf]df kl/jf/n] dfcf]jfbLsf] lhNnfsfof{nodf k6s–k6s lgj]bg xfn] klg s]xLpQ/ glbPsf] atfP.

-!&_ ;"h{dfg lyª ‘t:jL/’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% j}zfv ! ut]÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv @& ut]36gf:yn M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf

kmnfd]6f/ uflj;–%k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf

kmnfd]6f/ uflj;–% l;+uf/L8f“8f

afa'sf] gfd M dfgaxfb'/ tfdfªcfdfsf] gfd M dfOnL tfdfªkTgLsf] gfd M nIdLdfof lyª5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgf

ljj/0fkmnfd]6f/ uflj;–% sf tl:j/ elgg] wgaxfb'/tfdfª @)%( df3 @& ut]b]lv dfcf]jfbLåf/fa]kQf kfl/P. dfcf]jfbLn] rf]/L u/]sf] cf/f]kdfckx/0f u/L nu]sf]df 3/ lkmtf{ cfPgg\.dfcf]jfbLsf] 8/qf;sf sf/0f of] kl/jf/n] sxLF

ph'/L ug{ g;s]sf] atfof].kLl8tnfO{ ;fNd]rfsnuflj;sf] :oft]{ eGg]:yfgdf nuL lhpFb} uf8]sf]cg'dfg ufpFn]sf] 5.dfcf]jfbLnfO{ pgsf]ckx/0fsf ljifodfhfgsf/L dfUbf xfdLn]

ckx/0f u/]sf xf}F t/ pm efUof] eGg] pQ/ lbP.

-!*_ k"0f{dfg tfdfªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# r}t #! ut]÷#* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! dª\l;/ % ut]36gf:yn M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf

:ofdkf6L uflj;–&k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf

:ofdkf6L uflj;–& s'/ufp“

afa'sf] gfd M z]/axfb'/ tfdfªcfdfsf] gfd M df]ltdfof tfdfªkTgLsf] gfd M ;Ltfdfof tfdfª5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgf

ljj/0f:ofdkf6L uflj;–&s'/ufpF 6f]nsf #*jifL{o k"0f{axfb'/ tfdfª/ pgLnufot rf/hgfnfO{ :ofdkf6Luflj;sf d's'Gbkf7ssf] 3/ n'6Ln'ls/x]sf] cj:yfdf

)%( r}t !( ut] dfcf]jfbLn] ck/x0f u/]sf]dfk"0f{axfb'/ xfn;Dd a]kQf 5g\. pgLx¿nfO{gSsnL dfcf]jfbL ag]/ ljleGg n'6kf6 ub}{cfPsf] cf/f]k nufOPsf] lyof]. k"0f{axfb'/tfdfªsf] cj:yfaf/] kl/jf/nfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] s]xLhfgsf/L lbPsf] 5}g.


-!(_ ch'{g ;fksf]6 ‘hfb'’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! kmfu'g !%÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* c;f/ !) ut]36gf:yn M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf

h};Lyf]s uflj;–$k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf


h};Lyf]s uflj;–$ /fDr]a]zL 6f]n

afa'sf] gfd M sljk|;fb ;fksf]6fcfdfsf] gfd M df]v8\us'df/L ;fksf]6fkTgLsf] gfd M lgd{nf ;fksf]6f5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@ hgf

ljj/0fh};Lyf]s uflj;–$ sfhfb' elgg] @& jifL{och'{g ;fksf]6fdfcf]jfbLdf nfu]/ lxF8]klg dfcf]jfbLaf6} a]kQfkfl/P. dfcf]jfbLn]@)%( sflt{s @^ ut]ufpFsf ljleGg 6f]ndf

kf6L{nfO{ wf]sf lbPsfn] ;kmfof u/]s]f egL krf{6fF;]sf lyP. 3/af6 lxF8\g'eGbf cl3Nnf] lbga]n'sL @ hgf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] 3/df cfP/pgsf ljifodf ;f]wk'5 u/]sf lyP. r8\sg xfGbf7x/} ePsf] egL dfcf]jfbLn] eg]sf] ljifonfO{:yfgLo klqsfn] ;dfrf/ agfP/ k|sfzg u/]sf]lyof]. ljleGg ;dodf pgL hLljt} /x]sf] eGg]xNnf rnfPsf sf/0f kl/jf/n] k|x/L k|zf;gdfph'/L ug{ ;d]t g;s]sf] atfP. kTgL lgd{nfn])%* c;f/ !) ut]b]lv klt;Fu e]63f6,s'/fsfgL of cGo ;Dks{ s]xL gePsf] atfOg\.

-@)_ lhtaxfb'/ tfdfªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@%÷#@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%& r}t !( ut]36gf:yn M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf

h};Lyf]s uflj;–$k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfe|]knf~rf]s lhNnf

h};Lyf]s uflj;–$ /fDr]a]zL 6f]n

afa'sf] gfd M ;]t] tfdfªcfdfsf] gfd M jL?dfof tfdfªkTgLsf] gfd M sdnf tfdfª -cGoq

ljjfx u/L xfn cfTdxTofu/]sf]_

5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷) hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ! hgf

ljj/0fh};Lyf]s uflj;–% sf#@ jifL{o lhtaxfb'/tfdfªnfO{ )%& r}t !(ut] g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf5fkfdf/x¿n] ufpFdfePsf ck/flws36gfdf ;+nUg ePsf]

cf/f]kdf ckx/0f u/L d/0ff;Gg x'g] u/L s'6lk6u/]. pgnfO{ h};Lyf]s uflj;–$ l:yt k~rsGofk|fljdf nuL gfª\u} agfO{ d'Ssf, nf7L / nfQLn]s'6lk6 u/L a]kQf kf/]. kLl8tsL kTgL snfn];fFufdf ljjfx u/L @)^$ j}zfv @! ut] ljif;]jg u/L cfTdxTof ul/g\.


kL8s kIf -;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{, zfxLg]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L_

;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{-!_ af;'b]j r'jfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) r}t !@ ut]÷#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! k'; # ut]36gf:yn M nlntk'/ lhNnf nlntk'/

pkdxfgkf–!(k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

lhNnf ;b:o nlntk'/_:yfoL 7]ufgf M eQmk'/ lhNnf s6'~h]

uflj;–^ ;'j0f]{Zj/dxfb]jafa'sf] gfd M 1fgaxfb'/ r'jfncfdfsf] gfd M rGb|dfof r'jfnkTgLsf] gfd M gf/fo0fb]jL >]i75f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷) hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @ hgf

ljj/0fs6'~h] uflj;–^;'j0f]{Zj/ dxfb]jlgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf nlntk'/lhNnf ;b:o #! jifL{oaf;'b]j r'jfnnfO{ )^!k'; # ut] nlntk'/lhNnf nlntk'/pkdgkf–!( af6

dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf ;'/IffsdL{n] lu/km\tf/ u/La]kQf kf/]. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fof].

-@_ b'uf{ lj;'ª\v]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ r}t !* ut]÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) k'; @ ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf j8f–#

e}/jgfyu0fk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M eQmk'/ lhNnf s6'~h]

uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M /fdaxfb'/ Gof}kfg]cfdfsf] gfd M hd'gf Gof}kfg]kltsf] gfd M :j= /fduf]kfn lj;'ª\v] 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M # hgf

ljj/0fs6'~h] uflj;–& sL @$jifL{o b'uf{ lj;'ª\v]nfO{)^) k'; @ ut];'/IffsdL{n] sf7df8f}FlhNnf e}/jgfyu0faf6a]kQf agfPsf lyP./fli6«o dfgjclwsf/cfof]un] kLl8tsf cfkmGt

hd'gf Gof}kfg]nfO{ )^^ ebf} @* ut] Ps kq n]vL)^) sflt{s !# ut] ;'/IffsdL{n] lu/km\tf/ u/Lank"j{s a]kQf kf/]sf] ;DaGwdf btf{ ePsf]ph'/Ldf cfof]uaf6 )^^ ebf}df lg0f{o x'FbfkLl8tnfO{ g]kfnL ;]gf !) g+= aflxgL cGt/utsf]e}/jgfy u0faf6 a]kQf k/]sf] b]lvPsf] eGb}cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/zu/L k7fPsf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] kq k7fPsf] lyof].g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{af6 kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

@=!$ eQmk'/


g]kfn k|x/Laf6-#_ ;Togf/fo0f k|hfklthGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ c;f/ !% ut]÷## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !# ut]36gf:yn M eQmk'/ lhNnf gª\v]n

uflj;–!k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL lhNnf sld6L ;b:o eQmk'/_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M eQmk'/ lhNnf eQmk'/ gkf–!

afa'sf] gfd M cfzs'df/ k|hfkltcfdfsf] gfd M s[i0fa]tL k|hfkltkTgLsf] gfd M s[i0fb]jL k|hfklt5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷% hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M & hgf

ljj/0feQmk'/ gkf–! lgjf;LeQmk'/ lhNnfsf dfcf]jfbLlhNnf sld6L ;b:o ##jifL{o ;Togf/fo0fk|hfkltnfO{ )%( j}zfv!# ut] eQmk'/ lhNnfsf]gª\v]n uflj;–! ;fFufe~Hofªaf6 eQmk'/

lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosf k|x/Lx¿n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L;"o{ljgfossf] gofF uf]/v u0f Aof/]sdf lhDdfnufPsf lyP. pQm ;dob]lv pgL a]kQf /x]sf5g\. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$_ u+uf/fd >]i7hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) ebf} !%÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! r}t !@ ut]36gf:yn M eQmk'/ lhNnf eQmk'/

gkf–!!k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M eQmk'/ lhNnf eQmk'/

gkf–!&afa'sf] gfd M t'n;Lgf/fo0f >]i7cfdfsf] gfd M OGb|s]z/L >]i7j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0feQmk'/ gkf–!& lgjf;Ldfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ @!jifL{o u+uf/fd >]i7nfO{)^! r}t !@ ut] ;f]xLgkf–!! af6 dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/fk]df lhNnf k|x/Lsfof{no eQmk'/sf k|x/Ln]lu/km\tf/ u/L uf]/v u0f

;"o{ ljgfos Aof/]sdf a'emfPsf] lyof]. ;f]xLu0faf6 kLl8t a]kQf ePsf lyP. zflGtdGqfnon] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%_ ab|Lgf/fo0f GjfogfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* k'; @^ ut]÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t !@ ut]36gf:yn M eQmk'/ lhNnf eQmk'/

gkf–$k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M eQmk'/ lhNnf eQmk'/

gkf–!#afa'sf] gfd M gf/fo0feQm Gjfogf cfdfsf] gfd M k~rdfof Gjfogfj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0feQmk'/ gkf–!# lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ @)jifL{o ab|Lgf/fo0f GjfogfnfO{ @)%* r}t !@ ut]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf lhNnf k|x/L sfof{noeQmk'/sf k|x/Ln] eQmk'/ gkf–$ af6 lu/km\tf/


u/L ;"o{ ljgfosdf/x]sf] gofF u0f Aof/]sdfa'emfPsf] lyof]. ;f]xL7fpFaf6 kLl8tnfO{a]kQf kfl/Psf] lyof].lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 @)^^ dfkLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !

nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

/x]sf] 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-@_ ;'r]Gb| >]i7hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ @! ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf k]zf M ljBfyL{ -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

;t'ª\un–( afa'sf] gfd M s]bf/ >]i7kTgLsf] gfd M ?kf >]i75f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷! hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M & hgf

ljj/0f;t'ª\un–( sf @(jifL{o ;'r]Gb| >]i7nfO{@)^) dª\l;/ @! ut];'/IffsdL{n] sf7df8f}FOt'Daxfbnaf6 lu/ˆtf/u/L xfn;Dd a]kQfagfof]. >]i7sf] vf]hLsfnflu kLl8tkIfn] /fli6«o

dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u / lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf7df8f}Fdf lgj]bg lbPsf lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#_ b]j/fh bª\ufnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$)÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ @( ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnfk]zf M ljBfyL{ -g]skf dfcf]jfbL_:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

gfª\n]ef/] uflj;–*afa'sf] gfd M lvnk|;fb bª\ufn


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ dLgf >]i7hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& dª\l;/ @% ut]÷@$ jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^! dª\l;/ % ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnfk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf g}sfk

gof“ e~Hofª–^ a]gLufp“afa'sf] gfd M a}s'07 >]i7cfdfsf] gfd M df]ltdfof >]i7j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fg}sfk gofF e~Hofª–^a]gLufpFsf @$ jifL{ofdLgf >]i7nfO{ @)^!dª\l;/ @ ut] ;'/IffsdL{n]sf7df8f}Faf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/La]kQf agfof]. >]i7sf]cj:yf cfh;Dd c1ft

@=!% sf7df8f}“


cfdfsf] gfd M eujtL bª\ufnklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fgfª\n]ef/] uflj;–* sf@) jifL{o b]j/fhbª\ufnnfO{ @)^)dª\l;/ @( ut]sf7df8f}Fsf] blIf0f9f]sfaf6 ;'/IffsdL{n]lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQfagfof]. bª\ufnnfO{

sxfFaf6 a]kQf agfOof] eGg] s'/f kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;d]t yfxf gePsf] atfP.

-$_ cfOt] nfdfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ !^ ut] 36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnfsf7df8f}“ dgkf–&k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

gfª\n]]ef/] uflj;–(afa'sf] gfd M /fd nfdfcfdfsf] gfd M lx/dfof nfdfkTgLsf] gfd M rt/L nfdf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $ hgf

ljj/0fgfª\n]ef/] uflj;–( sf!* jifL{o cfOt]nfdfnfO{ @)^) dª\l;/!^ ut] ;'/IffsdL{n]g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf]ultljlwdf ;+nUg eGb}sf7df8f}F dgkf–&rfalxnaf6 lu/ˆtf/

u/L a]kQf agfof]. pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft/x]sf] 5. kLl8t g]skf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{df cfa4

90

lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-%_ w'|j g]kfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) df3 @# ut]÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! dª\l;/ !^ ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

sf7df8f}“ dgkf–!^k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M gfª\n]ef/] uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M lvnk|;fb g]kfnj}jflxs l:ylt M gv'n]sf]

ljj/0fgfª\n]ef/] uflj;–& sf@! jifL{o w'|j g]kfnnfO{@)^! d+l;/ !^ ut];'/IffsdL{n] sf7df8f}Fsf]uf}zfnfl:yt kjglgjf;af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/La]kQf agfof]. pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft

/x]sf] 5. kLl8t g]skf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{df cfa4lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-^_ lbg]z nfld5fg]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* j}zfv !& ut]÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @^ ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

sf7df8f}“ dgkf–!$k]zf M ljBfyL{ :yfoL 7]ufgf M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

dxfb]j:yfg uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M Zofdk|;fb nfld5fg]cfdfsf] gfd M 6ª\ss'df/L nfld5fg]j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt


ljj/0fdxfb]j:yfg uflj;–&sf @) jifL{o lbg]znfld5fg]nfO{ @)%*r}t @^ ut] ;'/IffsdL{n]sf7df8f}F dxfgkf–!$snª\sLaf6 lu/ˆtf/u/L a]kQf agfP.kLl8tsf kl/jf/n]

nfld5fg]sf] ;s';n l/xfO{ u/fO{ lbg kxnsfnflu @)%( ;fndf /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/cfof]udf lgj]bg;d]t lbPsf lyP. a]kQf kfl/Psfnfld5fg]sf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft /x]sf] 5.kL8t g]skf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{df cfa4 lyP.

-&_ lkkn >]i7hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ c;f/÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^)36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;tfkfOnf uflj;–@afa'sf] gfd M afa'/fd gu/sf]6Lcfdfsf] gfd M nIdL gu/sf]6Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fl;tfkfOnf uflj;–@ sf!* jifL{o lkkn >]i7nfO{@)^) ;fndf;'/IffsdL{n] sfe|]lhNnfaf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lxfn;Dd a]kQf agfPsf]5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{non] kLl8t


-*_ xl/z/0f dxh{ghGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* k'; !% ut]÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if

36gf ldlt M @)^! c;f/ !* ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf ;t'ª\un

uflj;–$k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;t'ª\un uflj;–#

e';Lufp“afa'sf] gfd M xl/s[i0f dxh{gcfdfsf] gfd M aegL dxh{gj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f;t'ª\un uflj;–# e'l;ufpFsf @# jifL{o xl/z/0fdxh{gnfO{ )^! c;f/ !* ut] ;'/IffsdL{n];t'ª\un uflj;–$ l:yt dlR5Gb|gfy O§fe§faf6lu/ˆtf/ u/Lj a]kQf agfP. kLl8tsf] vf]hLsfnflu kxn ul/lbg /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u/ anDa'l:yt k|x/L sfof{nodf kLl8t kl/jf/n]lgj]bg;d]t lbPsf lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-(_ cho zfxL hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#)÷#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! ;fpg $36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnfsf7df8f}“ dxfgkf–^k]zf M Jofkf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf sLlt{k'/

gkf–!!afa'sf] gfd M OGb|axfb'/ zfxLcfdfsf] gfd M /fds'df/L zfxLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fsLlt{k'/ gkf–!! sf #!jifL{o cho zfxLnfO{ )^!;fpg $ ut] ;'/IffsdL{n]lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf agfP.


-!)_ bLks kf]v/]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#!÷@( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) ;fpg & ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf aNv'k]zf M hflu/:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

sf7df8f}“ dgkf–# af“;af/L

afa'sf] gfd M b'uf{k|;fb kf]v/]ncfdfsf] gfd M uª\ufdfof kf]v/]nj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fsf7df8f}F dxfgkf–#afF;af/Lsf @( jifL{obLks kf]v/]nnfO{ @)^);fpg & ut]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdfsf7df8f}Fsf] aNv'af6;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/u/L e}/jgfy u0fdf

/fvL a]kQf agfP. o; cl3 klg )%( ;fndflu/ˆtf/ u/L @) lbgkl5 5f]l8Psf] lyof]. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{noaf6 kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!!_ lgZrn gsdL{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* h]7 !* ut] / @@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ !& ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf yfgsf]6

r]skf]i6k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL, sf7df8f}“ EofnL sdf08/_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf dxfb]j:yfg uflj;–%

afa'sf] gfd M ;"o{axfb'/ gsdL{cfdfsf] gfd M dgf]/df gsdL{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M sdnf gsdL{

5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷) hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^ hgf

ljj/0fdxfb]j:yfg uflj;–%lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf7df8f}F EofnLsdf08/ @@ jifL{olgZrn gsdL{nfO{ )^)dª\l;/ !& ut] yfgsf]6r]skf]i6af6 ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{n] pgL;lxt

rf/ hgfnfO{ Pp6} sf]7faf6 nu]sf]df u0f]z9sfn, s[i0fnfn s];L, /d]x u'/fufO{ l/xf eP klglgZrnnfO{ a]kQf agfP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!@_ ch'{g dxh{ghGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* df3 ! ut]÷#@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s !@ ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

sfdgkf–!$k]zf M Jofkf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf sLlt{k'/

gkf–% ;fun6f]nafa'sf] gfd M /fd dxh{gcfdfsf] gfd M s[i0fdfof dxh{gklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /fdtL dxh{g5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷@ hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M # hgf

ljj/0fsLlt{k'/ gkf–%;fun6f]nsf #@ jifL{och'{g dxh{gnfO{ )^)sflt{s !@ ut];'/IffsdL{n] sfdgkf–!$sflndf6Laf6 lu/ˆtf/u/L a]kQf agfP


dxh{gsf] vf]h ul/lbg tyf l/xfO{sf] kxn u/Llbg OG;]s, /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u /;jf]{Rr cbfntdf lgj]bg lbPsf lyP. kLl8tg]skf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{;Fu cfj4 lyP. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{noaf6 kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!#_ a'l4k|;fb kf]v/]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( r}t ^ ut]÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! k'; @ ut]36gf:yn M eQmk'/ lhNnf ;'8fn

uflj; ;Nnf3f/L, sfdL8f“8f

k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf d"nkfgL

uflj;–*afa'sf] gfd M u'?k|;fb kf]v/]ncfdfsf] gfd M ozf]bfb]jL kf]v/]nj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fd"nkfgL uflj;–* sf @@jifL{o a'l4k|;fb kf]v/]nnfO{)^! k'; @ ut] ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{n] eQmk'/lhNnfsf] ;Nnf3f/LsfdL8fF8faf6 lu/ˆtf/u/L a]kQf agfP. kLl8tsf]vf]hLsf nflu kLl8t

kl/jf/n] /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]udf )^@j}zfv ! ut] lgj]bg lbPsf lyP. ^ dlxgfkl55fpgLdf /fv]sf] yfxf kfPsf] !* hgfnfO{ToxfFaf6 x]lns]K6/df /fv]/ nu]sf] ToxfFb]lv s]xLhfgsf/L 5}g. kLl8t g]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!$_ /]0f'sf b'nfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ j}zfv @# ut]÷!* jif{ lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ !$ ut] 36gf:yn M sfdgkf–& rfalxnk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf tLgyfgf

uflj;–%afa'sf] gfd M rGb| b'nfncfdfsf] gfd M gfgLd}of b'nfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0ftLgyfgf uflj;–% sL!* jifL{of /]0f'sfb'nfnnfO{ )^) dª\l;/!$ ut] ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{n] sfdgkf–&rfalxnaf6 lu/ˆtf/u/L e}/jgfy u0fdf/flvPsf]df ToxfFaf6

a]kQf agfOof]. kLl8t b'nfn cg]/f:jljo'qmflGtsf/L eQmk'/ lhNnf sf]iffWoIf lyOg\.kLl8tsf] l/xfO{sf nflu ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf l/6lbPkl5 ;jf]{Rrn] tTsfn ;'/Iff lgsfodfkqfrf/ u/]/ pgLx¿sf] vf]hL u/L ;fj{hlgs ug{cfb]z lbPsf] lyof]. t/, xfn;Dd b'nfnsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!%_ tLy{ ljZjsdf{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* kmfu'g !^ ut]÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; 36gf:yn M sfdgkf–#%:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf d"nkfgL

uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M 1fgaxfb'/ ljZjsdf{cfdfsf] gfd M d;nL ljZjsdf{j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt


ljj/0fd"nkfgL uflj;–&lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ @# jifL{o tLy{ljZjsdf{nfO{ )%(k';df sfdgkf–#% af6;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n]lu/ˆtf/ u/L xfn;Dda]kQf agfPsf] 5.

lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

g]kfn k|x/Laf6-!^_ 7fs'[/ nfld5fg]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^÷@@ jif{ lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t !$ ut]36gf:yn M eQmk'/ lhNnf eQmk'/

gkf–$k]zf M ljBfyL{ -dfcf]jfbL lgs6

cg]/f:jljo" qmflGtsf/L, lhNnf pkfWoIf_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M emf]/dxfª\sfn–(afa'sf] gfd M ;"o{k|;fb nfld5fg]cfdfsf] gfd M sfG5L nfld5fg]j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0femf]/dxfª\sfn–( sf@@ jifL{o 7fs'/nfld5fg]nfO{ @)%*r}t !$ t] g]kfnk|x/Lsf] Ps 6f]nLn]eQmk'/ gkf–$d x f n I d L : y f g a f 6lu/ˆtf/ u/L

;"o{ljgfosl:yt ;]gfsf] Jof/]sdf nu]sf]dfxfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] 5.

-!&_ lbnaxfb'/ /fO{ ‘k|jL0f’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! kmfu'g @* ut]÷@* jif{ lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ # ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL lgs6 cg]/f:jljo" qmflGtsf/L s]Gb|Lo ;b:o_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf skg uflj;–^ ;/:jtLgu/

afa'sf] gfd M pbo /fO{cfdfsf] gfd M pdf /fO{j}jflxs l:ylt M gv'n]sf]

ljj/0fsf7df8f}F dxfgkf–^;/:jtLgu/ lgjf;Lg]skf dfcf]jfbL lgs6cg]/f:jljo' qmflGtsf/Ls]Gb|Lo ;b:o @* jifL{olbnaxfb'/ /fO{nfO{@)%( c;f/ # ut]sf7df8f}F lhNnf skg

uflj;–^ ;/:jtLgu/af6 lu/ˆtf/ u¥of].;f]x|v'§] k|x/L sfof{nodf !^ lbg /fv]/ r/doftgf lbPsf] / To;kl5 afnfh' k|x/L sfof{nodfnu]/ af]/fdf afFw]/ s'6lk6 u/]kl5 sxfF nu] s'g}hfgsf/L 5}g. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{non] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ @ nfv %) xhf/ ?lkofF /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!*_ eLd/fh dxh{ghGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* sflt{s # ut]÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s $ ut=]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhnnf uf]ª\ua'


dfcf]jfbL_


:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf uf]ª\ua' uflj;–#

afa'sf] gfd M le08]of dxh{gcfdfsf] gfd M a;dfof dxh{gkTgLsf] gfd M ;fg' dxh{g5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷) hgf

ljj/0fuf]ª\ua' uflj;–# sf @@jifL{o eLd/fhdxh{gnfO{ )^) sflt{s$ ut] g]kfn k|x/Ln]sf7df8f}Fsf] a/fxLaf6lu/ˆtf/ u/Ldxf/fhu~h @ gDa/u0fdf /flvPsf]df

pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tsf] l/xfOsf] nflukLl8t kl/jf/n] )^) sflt{s !( ut] ;jf]{Rrcbfntdf l/6 lbPsf lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{non] kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!(_ ljlkg e08f/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& k'; @$ ut]÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ # ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

sfdgkf–% ;'s]wf/fk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

sfdgkf–! uf]n9'ª\ufafa'sf] gfd M Ps/fh e08f/Lcfdfsf] gfd M zfGtf e08f/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fsfdgkf–! uf]n9'ª\ufsf @@ jifL{o ljlkge08f/LnfO{ )%( c;f/ # ut] afnfh' k|x/Lsfof{nosf] OGrfh{ ljqmdl;+x yfkfsf] g]t[Tjsf]6f]nLn] sfdgkf–% ;'s]wf/faf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/La]kQf agfP. kLl8t e08f/L cg]/f:jljo'

qmflGtsf/Lsf s]Gb|Lo;b:o / c:sn Sofdk;:jljo' ;x;lrj lyP.kLl8t kl/jf/n] OG;]s,/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/cfof]u, PDg]i6LOG6/g]zn / ;jf]{Rrcbfntdf vf]hLsf nflu

)^$ c;f]h * ut] lgj]bg lbPsf lyP. o;}u/LkLl8t e08f/Ln] afnfh' k|x/L OGrfh{ ljqmdl;+xyfkfnufotnfO{ sf/afxLsf] dfu u/L ;jf]{Rrcbfntdf lgj]bg lbPsf lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 kl/jf/nfO{ @ nfv %) xhf/ ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-@)_ Zofd e§hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* dª\l;/ @@ ut]÷#) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* c;f]h !* ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf g}sfk

k'/fgf] e~Hofª–$k]zf M hflu/:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf7df8f} lhNnf g}sfk

k'/fgf] e~Hofª–$afa'sf] gfd M an/fd e§cfdfsf] gfd M lji0f'b]jL e§kTgLsf] gfd M zf]ef e§5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ! hgf

ljj/0fg}sfk k'/fgf] e~Hofª–$sf #) jifL{o Zofd e§3/df al;/x]sf] a]nf kfFrhgfsf] ;ª\Vofdf cfPsfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n]@)%* c;f]h !* ut]ljxfg ;f9] cf7 ah];f]wk'5 ug'{ 5 egL nu]/


uPkl5 pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft /x]sf] 5.;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@_ s]bf/ s'“j/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#%÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s # ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ dxfgkf–&

uf}/L3f6k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf Pdfn]

j8fWoIf_:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf hLjgk'/

uflj;–$afa'sf] gfd M k|]dWjh s'“j/cfdfsf] gfd M d}of“ s'“j/kTgLsf] gfd M zf]efs'df/L s'“j/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷) hgf

ljj/0fhLjgk'/ uflj;–$ sf @%jifL{o s]bf/ s'“j/nfO{@)^) sflt{s # ut];+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n]sfdgkf–& uf}/L3f6af6lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQfagfP. d/]sf] lhp“bf] h]eP klg rfF8f]eGbf rfF8f]

km};nf x'g'k¥of] eGg] kLl8tsf] kTgL zf]efs'df/s'Fj/sf] egfO /x]sf] 5. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-#_ nLnf kf08]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! j}zfv !* ut]÷!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s @# ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

sfdgkf–#! afuahf/k]zf M ljBfyL{ -cg]/f:jljo'

qmflGtsf/L_:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf uh'/L

uflj;–@afa'sf] gfd M /ª\ugfy kf08]cfdfsf] gfd M g]qdfofF kf08]j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{-!_ ljb'/ /]UdLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## c;f/ @^ ut]÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) k'; @( ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

sfdgkf–!* dvg6f]nk]zf M hflu/:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf hLjgk'/

uflj;–@ ex]8f“8fafa'sf] gfd M a6'/fd /]UdLcfdfsf] gfd M b'uf{b]jL /]UdLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fhLjgk'/ uflj;–@ex]8fF8f 3/ eO{sfdgkf–!* g/b]jL8]/f ePsf @& jifL{oljb'/ /]UdLnfO{ )^) k';@( ut] ;fbf kf]zfsdfcfPsf rf/ hgf;'/IffsdL{n] ;'/h

cfs]{8af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]. kLl8tsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

@=!^ wflbª


ljj/0fuh'/L uflj;–@ sf !(jifL{o nLnf kf08]nfO{@)^) sflt{s @# ut];+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n]lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQfagfP. kLl8t;Fu sflt{s@ ut];Dd kmf]gdf s'/fePsf] lyof]. ;"o{ ljgfos

Aof/]sdf ePsf] eGg] yfxf eof]. sf7df8f}Fdfsf]7fdf a:g] u/]sf] kLl8t Toltv]/ lj/fdL lyP.g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$_ /fdk|;fb cfrfo{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@) df3 @! ut]÷$) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s !# ut] 36gf:yn M wflbª lhNnf gf}a:;]

uflj;–! wfs]{k]zf M Jofkf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf gf}aL;]

uflj;–! wfs]{_kTgLsf] gfd M ?s' cfrfo{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷# hgf

ljj/0fgf}lj;] uflj;–! wfs]{sf$) jifL{o /fdk|;fbcfrfo{nfO{ @)^) sflt{s!# ut] dfcf]jfbLnfO{;3fPsf] cf/f]kdf ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/u/]sf lyP To;kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf

c1ft /x]sf] 5. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-%_ OGb|axfb'/ cof{nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# j}zfv % ut]÷#& jif{lnª\u M wflbª lhNnf yfqm]

uflj;–# dxfb]ja];L36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s @% ut]36gf:yn M wflbª lhNnf yfqm]

uflj;–# dxfb]ja];Lk]zf M Jofkf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf yfqm]

uflj–# dxfb]ja];Lafa'sf] gfd M cd/axfb'/ cof{ncfdfsf] gfd M rGb|s'df/L cof{nkTgLsf] gfd M /flwsf cof{n5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷! hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ! hgf

ljj/0fyfqm] uflj;–# sf #%jifL{o OGb|axfb'/ cof{nnfO{@)^) sflt{s @% ut];+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n] ;f]xLuflj;af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/La]kQf agfP. kLl8tnfO{sLlt{k'/sf] Ps hgfn]

cfkm"n] e]6]sf] eg]sf]. 5fpgL uP/ a'em\bfcfkm"x¿n] g;dft]sf] atfPsf] hfgsf/L kLl8tsfkTgL /flwsf cof{nn] lbPsf lyP. g]kfn ;/sf/n]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-^_ lbjfs/ n'O“6]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!( df3 !( ut]÷$) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ;fpg @( ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

sflndf6Lk]zf M Jofkf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf 5q]b]p/fnL

uflj;–% cf“krf}/afa'sf] gfd M /fdhL n'O“6]ncfdfsf] gfd M afnfb]jL n'O“6]n


kTgLsf] gfd M /df n'O“6]n5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgf

ljj/0f5q]b]p/fnL uflj;–%cfFkrf}/sf $) jifL{olbjfs/ n'O“6]nnfO{@)%( ;fpg @( ut];+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n]lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQfagfP. zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 5fpgL Aof/]ssfd]h/sf cg';f/ kLl8t

klxn] o;} sfof{nodf NofOPsf] lyof]. t/, clxn]hxfFaf6 NofPsf] xf] ToxLF 5fl8Psf] hfgsf/LlbPsf lyP. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-&_ xl/z/0f yfkfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# ebf} !^ ut]÷#& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) df3 !^ ut]36gf:yn M wflbª lhNnf yfqm]

uflj;–(k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhnnf yfqm]–(

af“lgof6f/afa'sf] gfd M e}/jaxfb'/ yfkfcfdfsf] gfd M ljGbf yfkfkTgLsf] gfd M zf/bf yfkf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷! hgf

ljj/0fyfqm] uflj;–( sf #&jifL{o xl/z/0f yfkfnfO{@)^) df3 !^ ut];+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n] ;f]xLuflj;af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/La]kQf agfP. kLl8tsfa'af e}/jaxfb'/ yfkfnfO{k6s–k6s Aof/]sdf

af]nfpFb} kmsf{pFb} u/]sf] t/ 5f]/fsf] cj:yfaf/]hfgsf/L glbPsf] atfP. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-*_ gfgL/fd sfkm\n]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* sflt{s * ut]÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! c;f]h $ ut]36gf:yn M wflbª lhNnf gf}aL;]

uflj;–!k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf gf}aL;]

uflj;–! wfs]{afa'sf] gfd M gf/fo0fk|;fb sfkm\n]cfdfsf] gfd M b]jsL sfkm\n]j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fgf}aL;] uflj;–! wfs]{sf@@ jifL{o gfgL/fdsfkm\n]nfO{ @)^! c;f]h$ ut] ;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n];f]xL uflj;af6 lu/ˆtf/u/L a]kQf agfP. ;]gfsf]a}/]gL Aof/]s, e}/jgfyu0f, lhNnf k|x/L

sfof{nodf k6s–k6s ;f]wvf]h ug{ af]nfPsf] /hfFbf 5f]/fsf] af/]df s]xL klg hfgsf/L glbO{kmsf{pg] u/]sf] / pgnfO{ o;eGbf cufl8 klg)%& kmfu'g ! ut] lu/ˆtf/ u/L l/xf ul/Psf]lyof]. k'gM )%* kmfu'g $ ut] klg lu/ˆtf/ u/L# dlxgfkl5 5fl8Psf] s'/f kLl8tsf a'afgf/fo0fk|;fb sfkm\n]n] atfP. g]kfn ;/sf/n]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv !) xhf/ ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.


zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-(_ d's'Gb ;]9fO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ c;f]h÷#$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) k'; $ ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf sfdgkf

led;]g:yfgk]zf M Jofkf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf hLjgk'/

uflj;–^afa'sf] gfd M ejfgLk|;fb ;]9fO{cfdfsf] gfd M r'g'b]jL ;]9fO{kTgLsf] gfd M zfGtf ;]9fO{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgf

ljj/0fhLjgk'/ uflj;–^ sf#$ jifL{o d's'Gb;]9fO{nfO{ @)^) k'; $ut] ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/La]kQf agfP. tLgk6s;Dd lr¶L cfPsf] /5fpgL hubn u0fdf/x]sf] kLl8tsL kTgLn]

hfgsf/L lbOg\. g]kfn ;/sf/ / /]8qm;af6kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ @ nfv !) xhf/ ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!)_ ;'rGb| e08f/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! ebf} ! ut]÷!& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @( ut]36gf:yn M wflbª lhNnf a'9fy'd

uflj; 9f]8]gLk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL ;]gf_:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf cflugrf]s

uflj;–! xf;]k;nafa'sf] gfd M /fdaxfb'/ e08f/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fcflugrf]s uflj;–!xf;]k;nsf !& jifL{o;'rGb| e08f/LnfO{@)%* r}t @( ut]g]kfnL;]gfsf] cf?3f6Aof/]saf6 cfPsf ;]gfn]g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf]e]nfdf uPsf] a]nfdf

3]/fdf kf/]/ kqmfp u/L nu] To;kl5 pgnfO{;]gfsf] Aof/]sdf Ps k6s e]l6Psf] lyof]. kl5pgnfO{ sxfF nluof] yfxf ePg. cfO;Lcf/;Ln]kl/jf/;Fu ;'rGb|nfO{ uf]/vfsf] # ofDk];fnglhs} df/]sf] x'g ;Sg] cfzª\sf u/]sf] s'/f;'gfPsf] eP klg o;af/] s]xL k'li6 ePsf] 5}g.g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv !?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!!_ s]bf/ ?kfv]tLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ h]7 @) ut]÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ !$ ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf sfdgkf

sflndf6L s'n]Zj/k]zf M Jofkf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf s]jnk'/

uflj;–$ ;'j]bLrf]safa'sf] gfd M xl/k|;fb ?kfv]tLcfdfsf] gfd M uª\uf ?kfv]tLj}jflxs cj:yf M cljjflxt

ljj/0fs]jnk'/ uflj;–$;'j]bLrf]ssf !* jifL{os]bf/ ?kfv]tLnfO{ )^)dª\l;/ !$ ut]sf7df8f}F lhNnfsflndf6L s'n]Zj/af6;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/La]kQf kf/]. pgnfO{

e}/jgfy u0fdf nu]s]f eGb} kLl8tsf kl/jf/n]


k6s–k6s vf]Hg hfFbf ;]gfn] km]l/ cfpg';\ eGg]u/]sf] hfgsf/L lbP. kLl8tsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!@_ a}s'07 e'h]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ c;f/ @ ut]÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s !# ut]36gf:yn M wflbª lhNnf hLjgk'/

uflj;–( e'h]nufp“k]zf M Jofkf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf hLjgk'/

uflj;–( e'h]nufp“afa'sf] gfd M ha/ l;+xcfdfsf] gfd M tLy{s'df/L e'h]nj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fhLjgk'/ ufl;–(e'h]nufpFsf @$ jifL{oa}s'07 e'h]nnfO{ )^)sflt{s !# ut] /ftL;'t]sf] a]nf g]kfnL;]gfn] 3/ ;r{ u/L3/af6} lu/ˆtf/ u/La]kQf kf/]. ;]gfsf] >L

g+= ^ aflxgL c8\8f a}/]gLn] kl/jf/nfO{ kLl8tsf]af/] hfgsf/L lng hfFbf kl5 klg cfpg eGof] t/slxno} e]6 u/fPg. kLl8tsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft /x]sf] 5. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!#_ dfwj clwsf/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) kmfu'g @) ut]÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ ;fpg @) ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ sfdgkf afnfh'

a;kfs{k]zf M ljBfyL{

:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf dfkf{s uflj;–&, af]/fª

afa'sf] gfd M nfnaxfb'/ clwsf/Lcfdfsf] gfd M l/gs'df/L clwsf/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fdfkf{s uflj;–&af/f]ªsf @@ jifL{odfwj clwsf/LnfO{@)^@ ;fpg @) ut]afnfh' Aof/]saf6cfPsf ;]gfn] sfdgkfafnfh' a;kfs{af6lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQfkf/]. pgnfO{ e}/jgfy

u0fdf b]lvPsf] cfO;Lcf/;Lsf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v5. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!$_ ;'jf; e08f/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( k'; @) ut]÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @( ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf sfdgkf

gof“ahf/k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL ;]gf_:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf cflugrf]s

uflj;–! xf;]k;nafa'sf] gfd M /fdaxfb'/ e08f/Lj}jflxs :ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fcflugrf]s uflj;–!xf;]k;nsf @! jifL{o;'jf; e08f/LnfO{ )^)c;f]h @( ut] ;]gfsf;d"xn] sf7df8f}F lhNnfgofFahf/af6 kqmfp u/La]kQf kf¥of]. ;]gfn] uf]/vf


x'Fb} kf]v/f;d]t nu]/ oftgf lbPsf] pkrf/;d]tu/fPsf] Ps hgf ;]gfdf sfo{/t ufpFs}:jf:YosdL{n] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] eP klg pgsf]xfn;Dd cQf]kQf] gePsf] / ;]gfn] s'g} hfgsf/LglbPsf] kLl8tsf lktf /fdaxfb'/ e08f/Ln]atfP. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!%_ bLks ;'j]bLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( r}t @$ ut]÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv % ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf sfdgkf k]zf M hflu/:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf s]jnk'/

uflj;–^ ;'j]bLyf]safa'sf] gfd M hugfy ;'j]bLcfdfsf] gfd M b'uf{b]jL ;'j]bLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

ljj/0fs]jnk'/ uflj;–^ ;'j]bLyf]ssf @) jifL{o bLks;'j]bLnfO{ @)%( j}zfv % ut] ;fbf kf]zfsdfcfPsf ;]gfn] sfdgkfaf6 kqmfp u/L a]kQfagfP. pgLx¿dWo] tLg hgf ;]gfn] P;Pncf/xltof/ af]s]sf lyP. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!&_ /fh]Gb| a/fdhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) c;f/ * ut]÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! dª\l;/ !& ut] 36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

sfdgkf–& rfalxnk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL Onfsf ;b:o_:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhnnf a]gL3f6

uflj;–@afa'sf] gfd M ;Gtaxfb'/ a/fdcfdfsf] gfd M wgdfof a/fdkTgLsf] gfd M d'gf >]i7

ljj/0fa]gL3f6 uflj;–@ sf @!jifL{o /fh]Gb| a/fdnfO{@)^! dª\l;/ !& ut];+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n]sfdgkf–& rfalxnaf6lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf agfP.k6s–k6s ;]gf;Fu ;Dks{ubf{ kqmfp k/]sf] eP 5'6\5

eg]/ eg]sf] lyof] kl5 yfxf 5}g eg]. g]kfn;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!*_ cd[t s“8]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ ebf} !@ ut]÷@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @#36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

sfdgkf–& rfalxnk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf a]gL3f6

uflj;–@afa'sf] gfd M l6sf s“8]nj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fa]gL3f6 uflj;–@ sf @^jifL{o cd[t s“8]nnfO{@)^) c;f]h @# ut];]gfn] sfdgkf–&rfalxnaf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/La]kQf kf/]sf] lyof].cbfntn] hfgsf/L dfUbfg]kfnL ;]gfn] cfkm"x¿nfO{

yfxf gePsf] atfPsf] lyof]. kLl8tnfO{ >L g+= ^aflxgL c8\8f a}/]gL Aof/]sdf @)^) dª\l;/ @$ut] e]6]sf] / kLl8tnfO{ ;]gfn] g} a]kQf kf/]sf] xf]eGg] kLl8tsf] a'af l6sf s“8]nsf] egfO 5.


-!(_ cf]kaxfb'/ tfdfªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$$ ;fpg *÷!^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) ebf} !^36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

eLd9'ª\ufk]zf M Hofnfbf/fL:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf a}/]gL

uflj;–$ j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fa}/]gL uflj;–$ sf !^jifL{o cf]kaxfb'/ tfdfªnfO{)^) ebf} !^ ut] ;]gfn]lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf kf¥of].kLl8taf/] >L ^ g+= aflxgLc8\8f a}/]gL;Fu hfgsf/LdfUbf sf7df8f}af6 a'em\g'eg]sf lyP. t/ sf7df8f}Fdf

sxfF /flvof] vf]Hbf yfxf ePg.

-@)_ xl/k|;fb cfrfo{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!% h]7 !% ut]÷$% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s !( ut]6gf:yn M wflbª lhNnf gf}lj;]

uflj;–! rfln;]k]zf M Jofkf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf gf}lj;]

uflj;–! rfln;]afa'sf] gfd M ejgfy cfrfo{cfdfsf] gfd M ;GgfgL cfrfo{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;fljqL cfrfo{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷! hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $hgf

ljj/0fgf}lj;] uflj;–! rfln;]sf$% jifL{o xl/k|;fb

cfrfo{nfO{ @)^) sflt{s !( ut] a}/]gLaf6cfPsf ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ kf/]. g]kfn ;/sf/n]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@!_ /fhs'df/ dfgGw/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* k';÷#$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! c;f/ $ ut]36gf:yn M wflbª lhNnf hLjgk'/

uflj;–(k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf hLjgk'/

uflj;–(afa'sf] gfd M s'naxfb'/ dfgGw/cfdfsf] gfd M /flwsf dfgGw/kTgLsf] gfd M sNkgf dfgGw/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷! hgf

ljj/0fhLjgk'/ uflj;–( sf #$jifL{o /fhs'df/ dfgGw/nfO{@)^! c;f/ $ ut] ;]gflu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf agfof].lrg]sf]n] a}/]gL Aof/]s /sf7df8f}Fsf Aof/]sdf uP/;f]Wbf yfxf 5}g eg]

kLl8tsf kTgLsf] egfO{ 5. g]kfn ;/sf/n]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@@_ lzj ;fksf]6fhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! ebf} !$ ug]÷@( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s !( ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf sLlt{k'/

gkfk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf hLjgk'/

uflj;–!afa'sf] gfd M e}/jaxfb'/ ;fksf]6f


cfdfsf] gfd M dfntLd}of ;fksf]6fj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fhLjgk'/ uflj;–! sf@( jifL{o lzj;fksf]6fnfO{ @)^)sflt{s !( ut]b]lva]kQf agfP. e}/jgfyu0fdf ;f]wk'5 ul/Psf]dfcfkm"x¿nfO{ yfxfgePsf] atfPsf] /

k|x/Ldf a'em\bf ;]gfn] kqm]sfn] cfkm"x¿nfO{ yfxfgx'g] eGg] u/]sf] lktfsf] egfO{ 5. g]kfn;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@#_ /fdxl/ ¿kfv]tLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)##÷@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ # ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf l;kmnk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf kL8f

uflj;–$afa'sf] gfd M tf]of/fh ?kfv]tLcfdfsf] gfd M /Tgs'df/ ?kfv]tLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fkL8f uflj;–$ sf @^jifL{o tf]of/fh ¿kfv]tLnfO{@)%( c;f/ # ut] ;]gf8«]; nufPsf / xltof/le/]sf dflg;n] sf7df8f}FlhNnfsf] l;kmnaf6 kqmfpu/L nluPsf] xf]. 36gfsf

k|ToIfbzL{x¿n] klg ;]gfn] kqm]sf] atfP. g]kfn;/sf/af6 kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@$_ gj/fh yfkfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) ;fpg @! ut]÷#) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s @^ ut]36gf:yn M wflbª lhNnf yfqm]

uflj;–@, rf/lsnf]k]zf M Jofkf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf yfqm]

uflj;–@afa'sf] gfd M dbg yfkfcfdfsf] gfd M tf/f yfkkTgLsf] gfd M ;[hgf yfkf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷# hgf

ljj/0fyfqm] uflj;–@ sf #)jifL{o gj/fh yfkfnfO{cfˆg} k;ndf al;/x]sf]cj:yfdf @)^) sflt{s@^ ut] ;]gfn lu/ˆtf/u/L a]kQf kf/]sf] lyof].kLl8tsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft /x]sf] 5. g]kfn

;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@$_ uf]kfn ldhf/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^÷#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! c;f/ # ut]36gf:yn M wflbª lhnnf s]jnk'/

uflj;–*k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf s]jnk'/

uflj;–* 5fk8f“8fafa'sf] gfd M eQmaxfb'/ ldhf/cfdfsf] gfd M cfOtL ldhf/kTgLsf] gfd M ;'GtnL kl/of/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷@ hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M # hgf


ljj/0fs]jnk'/ uflj;–*5fk8fF8fsf #% jifL{ouf]kfn ldhf/nfO{ )^!c;f/ # ut] a}/]gLAof/]sdf /fv]sf] eGg]hfgsf/L kfPsf] t/,k6s–k6s e]6\g af]nfP/

klg kmsf{pg] u/]sf lyP. kLl8t g]skf dfcf]jfbLkf6L{ ;dy{s lyP. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv !) xhf/ ?lkofF /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@%_ xl/k|;fb n'O“6]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ r}t @ ut]÷#^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) kmfu'g !@^ ut]36gf:yn M wflbª lhNnf gf}lj;]

uflj;–@k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf gf}aL;]

uflj;–@ ebf}/]afa'sf] gfd M nf]sgfy n'O“6]ncfdfsf] gfd M d}of n'O“6]nklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;Ltf n'O“6]n5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@ hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @ hgf

ljj/0fgf]aL;] uflj;–@ sf #^jifL{o xl/k|;fb n'O“6]nnfO{)^) kmfu'g !^ ut];]gfn] ;f]xL uflj;af6a]kQf kf/]. g]kfnL ;]gf /k|x/L;Fu a'em\g hfFbf s'g}hfgsf/L 5}g egLkmsf{pg] u/]sf lyP.

kLl8t g]skf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ ;dy{s lyP. g]kfn;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-@^_ uf]df sf]O/fnfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ ebf} %÷#^ jif{ lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^) k'; @( ut]36gf:yn M wflbª lhNnf s]jnk'/

uflj;–@ kf]8f/] u}8f]k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M wflbª lhNnf s]jnk'/

uflj;–@ kf]8f/] u}8f]afa'sf] gfd M e'j/fh bfxfnkltsf]] gfd M k/z'/fd sf]O/fnf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷# hgf

ljj/0fs]jnk'/ uflj;–@ kf]8f/]u}8f]sf #^ jifL{o uf]dfsf]O/fnfnfO{ )^) k'; @*ut] ;f]xL uflj;af6 g]skfdfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/La]kQf agfP. dfcf]jfbLn]k6s–k6s wDsL lbg] u/]sf]

lyof]. Ps lbg /ftL cfP/ kTgL uf]dfnfO{dfcf]jfbLn] sAhfdf lnO{ uPsf lyP. To;kl5dfcf]jfbLn] t]/f] dfG5] ;s';n 5 xfdL kmtf{ u5f}{FeGb} cfPsf lyP. o;} aLr Ps jif{kl5 wflbªa];Ldf dfcf]jfbLn] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf uf]dfsf]O/fnfnfO{ df/]sf] atfP. kLl8tn] ljleGgdfgjclwsf/sdL{ ;+:yfx¿ tyf /fli6«odfgjclwsf/ cfopf]udf klg ph'/L lbPsf lyP.kLl8t cem} klg ls nf; ls ;f; rflxof] eg]/dfl/Psf] :jLsfg{ tof/ 5}gg\. pgnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ /fdz/0f ;'j]bL, ;[hgf l/hfn / gf/fo0fs];Ln] tkfO{+;Fu s'/f ug'{ 5 kf6L{n] af]nfPsf] 5egL 3/d} cfP/ ck/x0fsf] z}nLdf nu]sf lyP.kLl8t sf]O/fnfsf Ps 5f]/f / tLg 5f]/L 5g\.g]kfn ;/sf/af6 kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv &%xhf/ ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.



;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{-!_ lji0f'k|;fb Gof}kfg]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ ;fpg] & ut]÷@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* c;f/ @) ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

sfdgkf–#% sf]6]Zj/k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf

km"nlkª\sf]6 uflj;–# sNn]/L

afa'sf] gfd M /fdk|;fb Gof}kfg]cfdfsf] gfd M of]udfof Gof}kfg]kTgLsf] gfd M nIdL Gof}kfg]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷) hgf

ljj/0fkm'nlkª\sf]6 uflj;–#sNn]/Lsf @^ jifL{olji0f'k|;fb Gof}kfg]nfO{ )%*c;f/ @) ut] dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf ;'/IffsdL{n]sfdgkf–#% sf]6]Zj/af6lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf agfP.

kLl8t ;j{;fwf/0f lyP.

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-@_ bLks /fpthGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) j}zfv @) ut]÷#) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflt{s @# ut]36gf:yn M eQmk'/ lhNnf eQmk'/

gkf–!%k]zf M Hofnfbf/L

:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf afx|aL;] uflj;–^

afa'sf] gfd M o'Qmaxfb'/ /fptcfdfsf] gfd M xs{s'df/ /fptj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fafx|aL;] uflj;–^ sf #)jifL{o bLks /fptnfO{)%( sflt{s @# ut]eQmk'/ lhNnfsf] b/af/:Sjfo/sf ;]gfn] eQmk'/gkf–!% l:yt b/af/:Sjfo/af6 dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf lu/ˆtf/ u/L

a]kQf agfP. kLl8t ;j{;fwf/0f lyP.

-#_ s]zj e§/fO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! ;fpg * ut]÷@* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ @$ ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf ;f“v'

ah|of]lugLk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf

l;Gw'sf]6 uflj;–%afa'sf] gfd M Clif/fd e§/fO{ cfdfsf] gfd M /fwf e§/fO{kTgLsf] gfd M /]0f'sf e§/fO{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgf

ljj/0fl;Gw'sf]6 uflj;–%lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ @( jifL{o s]zje§/fO{nfO{ )^) dª\l;/@$ ut] ;]gfn] sf7df8f}FlhNnfsf] ;fFv'af6 kqmfpu/L nu]sf]df xfn;Ddkms]{gg\. g]kfn ;/sf/n]

kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

105

@=!& l;Gw'kfNrf]s


-$_ :jtGq rf}nfufO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% sflt{s ^ ut]÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dªl;/ !@ ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

sfdgkf–(k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf

ef]6]rf}/ uflj;–# ;ftdfg]

afa'sf] gfd M u'?k|;fb rf}nfufO{cfdfsf] gfd M l6sfb]jL rf}nfufO{j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fl;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf ef]6rf}/uflj;–# ;ftdfg] lgjf;Ldfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ @% jifL{o:jtGq rf}nfufO{nfO{ )^)dª\l;/ !@ ut] sf7df8f}Fsf]uf}zfnfaf6 ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/

u/L xfn;Dd klg a]kQf 5. g]kfn ;/sf/n]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%_ lx/f tfdfª ‘uf]St]’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! ebf} !$ ut]÷@) jif{ lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! ebf} % ut]36gf:yn M eQmk'/ lhNnf eStk'/

gkf–!k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

kf6L{ ;b:o_:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf

sy{nL uflj;–^afa'sf] gfd M vfD;'ª tfdfªcfdfsf] gfd M k"0f{dfof tfdfªj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fsy{nL uflj;–^ sf @) jifL{o uf]St] elgg] lx/ftfdfªnfO{ )^! ebf} !) ut] ;]gfn] eQmk'/lhNnfsf] Rofdfl;+af6 dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdflu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf agfP. kLl8t dfcf]jfbLsf]hgd'lQm ;]gf lyP.

-^_ dfwj g]kfn ‘clvn’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( df3 @( ut]÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ !@ ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

sfdgkf–#%, sf]6]Zj/k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf

s'le08] uflj;–&, tNnf]6f]n

afa'sf] gfd M s[i0fxl/ g]kfncfdfsf] gfd M t'n;Ls'df/L g]kfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fs'le08] uflj;–&tNnf]6f]nsf clvn elgg]@! jifL{o dfwj g]kfnnfO{@)^) dª\l;/ !@ ut] ;]gfn]sf7df8f}Fsf] sf]6]Zj/af6dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdflu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf agfP.

kLl8t clvn qmflGtsf/L l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfcWoIf lyP. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-&_ k|Llt tfdfªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$$ j}zfv * ut]÷!& jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^! ;fpg @# ut]36gf:yn M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf

3Dyfª uflj;–&k]zf M ljBfyL{

106


:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf dfg]Zj/f uflj;–#, nfdf6f]n

afa'sf] gfd M wgaxfb'/ tfdfªcfdfsf] gfd M sdnfs'df/L tfdfªj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fdfg]Zj/f uflj;–# sL !&jifL{of k|Llt tfdfªnfO{ )^!;fpg @# ut] afx|aL;]sf;]gfn] 3'Dyfª uflj;–& af6dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdflu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf agfP.kLl8t dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{

lyOg\.

-*_ g]qsfhL >]i7hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ c;f/ @&÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) df3 $ ut]36gf:yn M eQmk'/ lhNnf dWok'/

l7dL gkf–!^k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

hgd'lQm ;]gf !$ cf}“ a6flnog ;b:o_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf cQ/k'/ uflj;–* l;qm]

afa'sf] gfd M cSsnaxfb'/ >]i7cfdfsf] gfd M k"0f{dfof >]i7j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fcQ/k'/ uflj;–* sf !*jifL{o g]qsfhL >]i7nfO{ )^)df3 !) ut] ;]gfn] eQmk'/lhNnfsf] nf]sGynLaf6dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf lu/ˆtf/u/L a]kQf agfP. kLl8t

dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gf !$ cf}F a6flnog ;b:olyP.

-(_ gSsnL >]i7hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ df3 @& ut]÷!* jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s @!36gf:yn M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf

rf}tf/f uflj;–*k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhnnf

h]7n uflj;–^ agf{afa'sf] gfd M /Tgaxfb'/ >]i7cfdfsf] gfd M sfnLdfofF >]i7j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fh]7n uflj;–^ sL !* jifL{of gSsnL >]i7nfO{)^) sflt{s @! ut] gofF >Lgfy u0f rf}tf/fsf;]gf]n rf}tf/fsf] h]n cufl8af6 k'gM lu/ˆtf/u/L a]kQf agfP. kLl8tnfO{ gf} dlxgfgh/aGbdf /fvL lhnnf k|zf;g sfof{non] ;f]xLlbg h]n d'Qm u/]sf] lyof].

-!)_ b'uf{axfb'/ tfdfªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## c;f]h @% ut]÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s @! ut]36gf:yn M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf

rf}tf/ uflj;–*:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf /fDr]

uflj;–% h'/]afa'sf] gfd M ;f]daxfb'/ tfdfªcfdfsf] gfd M l8ndfof tfdfªkTgLsf] gfd M ;dLtf tfdfª5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷! hgf

ljj/0f/fDr] uflj;–% sf @& jifL{o b'uf{axfb'/tfdfªnfO{ )^) sflt{s @! ut] lhNnf sf/fuf/zfvf rf}tf/faf6 gofF >Lgfy u0fsf ;]gfn] lnP/uPsf]df xfn;Dd a]kQf 5g\. g]kfn ;/sf/n]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

107


-!!_ ljzfn nfdfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^÷## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 !* ut]36gf:yn M eQmk'/ lhNnf dWok'/

l7dL gkf–! af]8]k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf

;f“ufrf]s uflj;–$ 5fkafa'sf] gfd M s'naxfb'/ nfdfcfdfsf] gfd M ;'GtnL nfdfkTgLsf] gfd M cGoq ljjfx u/]sf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ! ÷! hgf

ljj/0f;fFufrf]s uflj;–$ 5fksf## jifL{o ljzfn nfdfnfO{)%( h]7 !* ut] eQmk'/lhNnf dWok'/ l7dL gkf–!af]8]af6 ;]gfn] dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf lu/km\tf/ u/La]kQf kf/] pgL g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ x'g\. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

g]kfn k|x/Laf6-!@_ uf]/]axfb'/ k'sf]{6LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ c;f/ !( ut]÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%^ h]7 @ ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}F lhNnf

sfdgkf–#! afuahf/k]zf M ljBfyL{yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf 7"nf]

l;?jf/L uflj;–@, sf]68f“8f

afa'sf] gfd M a'l4an ;fsL{cfdfsf] gfd M 8NnL ;fsL{

kTgLsf] gfd M d}of ;fsL{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷) hgf

ljj/0f7"nf] l;?jf/L uflj;–@sf]68fF8fsf @@ jifL{ouf]/axfb'/ k'sf]{6LnfO{ )%^ h]7@ ut] k|x/Ln] sfdgfkf–#!afuahf/af6 dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQfagfP. kLl8t g]skf dfcf]jfbL

;dy{s lyP. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{@ nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-!#_ s[i0faxfb'/ a:g]thGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!* k'; !^ ut]÷$# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! kmfu'g !# ut]36gf:yn M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf

;f“ufrf]s–$ ;f“ufe~Hofªk]zf M k|x/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf

lkkn8f“8f uflj;–@ kL8fn'af/L

afa'sf] gfd M 8Da/axfb'/ a:g]tkTgLsf] gfd M ;Ltf a:g]t5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgf

ljj/0flkkn8fF8f uflj;–@kL8fn'af/Lsf $# jifL{os[i0faxfb'/ a:g]tnfO{ )^!kmfu'g !# ut] dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{x¿n] k|x/L ePsf]cf/f]kdf ;fFufrf]s uflj;–$af6 ckx/0f u/L a]kQf

agfP. kLl8t k|x/L ;O{ lyP.

108


-!$_ s[i0faxfb'/ >]i7hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))^ c;f]h * ut]÷%# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h !( ut]36gf:yn M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf

s'le08] uflj;–#k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf

s'le08] uflj;–# af;fk6L

afa'sf] gfd M wgaxfb'/ >]i7cfdfsf] gfd M wgdfof >]i7kTgLsf] gfd M ;~rfdfof >]i7 /

s[0fdfof >]i75f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M $÷! hgf

ljj/0fs'le08] uflj;–# sf %# jifL{os[i0faxfb'/ >]i7nfO{ )%(c;f]h !@ ut] dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{n] 3/af6 ckx/0fu/L a]kQf agfP. kLl8t;j{;fwf/0f lyP. g]kfn

;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!%_ /fdz/0f lu/L hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!* r}t !@ ut]÷$@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^) ebf} @$ ut]36gf:yn M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf

;fFufrf]s uflj;–( kf]v/]k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf

;f“ufrf]s uflj;–(, kf]v/]

afa'sf] gfd M blw/fh lu/Lcfdfsf] gfd M b'wdfof lu/LkTgLsf] gfd M zfGtf lu/aL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷! hgf

ljj/0f;fFuf]rf]s uflj;–( sf/fdz/0f lu/LnfO{ )^) ebf}@$ ut] dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{x¿n] 3/af6 af]nfO{nu]sf]df xfn;Dd kms]{gg\.kLl8tsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. g]kfn ;/sf/n]

kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!^_ ;fª\u] nfdfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! kmfu'g #) ut]÷@^ jif{lnª\u M k['?if36gf ldlt M @)%& k'; @& 36gf:yn M l;Gw'kfNrf]s dxfª\sfn

uflj;–@k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf

af“8]ufp“ uflj;–^ nfdf6f]n

afa'sf] gfd M ldh'/ UofDhf] nfdfcfdfsf] gfd M ;'s' nfdfkTgLsf] gfd M rGb| nfdf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgf

ljj/0faf8]ufpF uflj;–^nfdf6f]nsf @^ jifL{o;fª\u] nfdfnfO{ )%& k';@& ut] lbbLsf] 3/df hfgnfu]sf] a]nf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{n] rf]/L u/]sf]cf/f]kdf dxfª\sfn

uflj;–@ UofNy'daf6 ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]dfkLl8tsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

-!&_ u]baxfb'/ a:g]thGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@& sflt{s @@ ut]÷#@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( kmfu'g @#

109


36gf:yn M sfdgkf–!% ;}lgs a:bf]j:tL lzIffno, 5fpgL, sf7df8f}“

k]zf M ;]gf:yfoL 7]ufgf M atf;] uflj;–$,

v/L6f/, l;Gw'kfNrf]safa'sf] gfd M hoaxfb'/ a:g]tklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M clgtfs'df/L a:g]t5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgf

ljj/0fatf;] uflj;–$ sf #@ jifL{ou]baxfb'/ a:g]t )%( kmfu'g@# ut] sf7df8f}Faf6 3/ hfgnfUbf aLr af6f]af6dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/L a]kQfagfP. kLl8t ;}lgs hjfg

lyP.

ljj/0f;'Gb/fb]jL uflj;–! sf #$ jifL{o z}n]z elgg]ch'{gnfn >]i7nfO{ @)^! k'; # ut] sf7df8f}FlhNnf dgd}h' uflj;l:yt dfdfsf] 5f]/fk|]daxfb'/ >]i7sf] 3/df al;/x]sf] a]nf 3/ 3]/fxfnL ;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L nu]sf]dfxfn;Dd a]kQf ePsf 5g\. g]kfn ;/sf/n]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@_ b]jLk|;fb 9'ª\u]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* ;fpg * ut]÷@@jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) df3 !% ut]36gf:yn M sfdgkf–!$ snª\sL

v;Lahf/, sf7df8f}“k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M s'd/L uflj;–%, g'jfsf]6 afa'sf] gfd M /fw'gfy 9'ª\u]ncfdfsf] gfd M xl/lk|of 9'ª\u]nj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fs'd/L uflj;–% sf @@jifL{o b]jLk|;fb 9'ª\u]nnfO{)^) df3 !% ut] sf7df8f}FlhNnf snª\sLsf]v;Lahf/af6 ;fbfkf]zfsdf /x]sf] ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ ul/

nu]sf] / ef]lnkN6 ;f]xL 7fpFdf NofO{ km]l/pgLx¿n] lnP/ uP. kl5 afnfh' df5fkf]v/l;DdNofO{ Ps xf]6]ndf lrof v'jfPsf] b]lvg] dflg;e]6]sf] / To;kl5 sxfF nu]sf] xfn;Dd c1ft 5.g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{-!_ ch'{gnfn >]i7 ‘z}n]’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@& ebf} @& ut]÷#$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! k'; # ut]36gf:yn M dgd}h' uflj;, sf7df8f}“ k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

kf6L{ pkJo"/f] ;b:o_:yfoL 7]ufgf M g'jfsf]6 lhNnf ;'Gb/fb]jL

uflj;–!afa'sf] gfd M k"0f{axfb'/ >]i7cfdfsf] gfd M k"0f{s'df/L >]i7kTgLsf] gfd M udnf >]i75f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷$ hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @ hgf

110

@=!* g'jfsf]6


-#_ lx/faxfb'/ /f]sf ‘;~hLj’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@%÷#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ @) ut]36gf:yn M xg'dfgrf]s, sf7df8f}“ k]zf M /fhgLlt :yfoL 7]ufgf M ssgL uflj;–%, g'jfsf]6 afa'sf] gfd M 6'naxfb'/ /f]sfkTgLsf] gfd M lji0f' /f]sf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷) hgf

ljj/0fssgL uflj;–% sf ;~hLjelgg] lx/faxfb'/ /f]sfnfO{@)^) dª\l;/ @) ut] kf6L{sf]sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf sf7df8f}FlhNnfsf] xg'dfgrf]saf6 ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf] 5 dlxgfkl5;Dd

e}/jgfy u0fdf /x]sf] yfxf x'g cfPsf] t/xfn;Dd a]kQf /x]sf] 5. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-$_ sf}zNof kf]v/]n ‘;/Ltf’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& h]7 !) ut]÷@@ jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( dª\l;/ !# ut] 36gf:yn M 8's'5fk uflj;, nlntk'/k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M yfgfktL uflj;–(

vlgofrf}/, g'jfsf]6 afa'sf] gfd M /fdk|;fb kf]v/]ncfdfsf] gfd M lx/fdfof kf]v/]nkTgLsf] gfd M ;fw'/fd b]jsf]6f ‘k|zfGt’

ljj/0fyfgfktL uflj;–( sL @@ jifL{of k|zfGt elgg]sf}zNof kf]v/]nnfO{ )%( dª\l;/ !# ut]nlntk'/ lhNnf 8's'5fk uflj;af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L

nu]sf]df ^ dlxgfkl5;Dd>L e}/jgfy u0fdf b]lvPklg xfn;Dd kLl8t a]kQf/x]sL l5g\. t/ kl/jf/n]d[To' ePsf] egL d[To' btf{k|df0fkq lnO{ /fxt lnPsf5g\. kLl8t g]skf dfcf]jfbL

lhNnf sld6L ;b:o / cg]d;ª\3 qmflGtsf/LlhNnf ;b:o lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no /lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltaf6 kLl8t kl/jf/n] ! nfv?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%_ ch'{g kf]v/]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% df3 ! ut]÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( dª\l;/ !) ut]36gf:yn M lslt{k'/ gkf–&, sf7df8f}“ k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M yfgfktL uflj;–(

vlgofrf}/, g'jfsf]6 afa'sf] gfd M /fhrGb| kf]v/]ncfdfsf] gfd M lx/fdfof kf]v/]nkTgLsf] gfd M csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]

ljj/0fyfgfktL ufl;–(vlgofrf}/sf @$ jifL{och'{g kf]v/]nnfO{ sf7df8f}lhNnf sLlt{k'/ gkf–& af6;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf]xfn;Dd kLl8tsf] cj:yfc1ft /x]sf] 5. kLl8t

g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf lhNnf sld6L ;b:o lyP.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-^_ /fdk|;fb l/dfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$)÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^! ;fn k'; % ut]36gf:yn M gof“ahf/, sf7df8f}“

111


k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]:of{ª uflj;–( e“d/f,

g'jfsf]6afa'sf] gfd M OGb|k|;fb l/dfncfdfsf] gfd M wgs'df/L l/dfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fuf]:of{ª uflj;–( eFd/fsf @!jifL{o /fdk|;fb l/dfnnfO{)^! k'; % ut] sfdgkfgofFahf/af6 ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/u/L a]kQf agfP. kLl8tsf]xfnsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf

;dy{s lyP. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{! nfv & xhf/ % ;o ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-&_ /fhg 8ª\uf]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! ;fpg !^ ut]÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! c;f/ ( ut]36gf:yn M sfdgkf–& rfalxn,

sf7df8f}Fk]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M g'jfsf]6 lhNnf ;fd/L

uflj;–!afa'sf] gfd M b]jLnfn 8ª\uf]ncfdfsf] gfd M wgdfof 8ª\uf]nklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0f;fd/L uflj;–! 3/ eO{eQmk'/ lhNnf eQmk'/gkf–!& a:g] @) jifL{o /fhg8ª\uf]nnfO{ )^! c;f/ ( ut]sf7df8f}F lhNnf sfdgkf–&

rfalxnaf6 ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L xfn;Dd a]kQfagfPsf] 5.

-*_ s[i0faxfb'/ tfdfª ‘sfG5f’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#%÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @^ ut]36gf:yn M dxfsfnL uflj;–!,

g'jfsf]6k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dxfsfnL uflj;–!,

g'jfsf]6afa'sf] gfd M s]bf/dfg tfdfªcfdfsf] gfd M 7"nfdfof tfdfªkTgLsf] gfd M ;'sdfof tfdfª5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷) hgf

ljj/0fdxfsfnL uflj;–! sf @%jifL{o sfG5f elgg] s[i0faxfb'/tfdfªnfO{ )^) c;f]h @^ ut];'lt/x]sf] a]nf ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/u/L xfn;Dd a]kQf agfPsf]5. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t


-(_ s]bf/ kl/of/ bhL{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$)÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* c;f]h36gf:yn M ;fª\unf uflj;,

sf7df8f}“ k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M yk|]s uflj;–#, g'jfsf]6afa'sf] gfd M t'naxfb'/ bhL{cfdfsf] gfd M l6sfs'df/L bhL{j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fyk|]s uflj;–# sf !* jifL{o s]bf/ kl/of/bhL{nfO{ )%* c;f]hdf sf7df8f}F hfg] qmddf;fª\unf uflj;af6 ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQfagfPsf] lyof]. kLl8tsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd klg

112


c1ft 5. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!)_ xl/ g]kfnLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#)÷#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! dª\l;/ * ut]36gf:yn M sfdgkf–@( uª\ua',

g'jfsf]6k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M tf?sf uflj;–@, g'jfsf]6kTgLsf] gfd M dw' kl/of/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgf

ljj/0ftf?sf uflj;–@ sf #! jifL{o xl/ g]kfnLnfO{@)^! dª\l;/ * ut] 5f]/fnfO{ ljBfno k'¥ofP/sf]7fdf kms{+b} ubf{ sf7df8f}F lhNnf uf]ª\ua'df;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/]. t/ kLl8t xfn;Dd a]kQf5g\. kLl8t g]skf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ ;b:o lyP.g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!!_ /fd]Zj/ d'8j/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@& df3 !% ut]÷#$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! k'; @# ut]36gf:yn M dWok'/ l7dL gkf–!%

sf}zn6f/, eQmk'/k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M s'd/L uflj;–$,

8f“8fufp“, g'jfsf]6 afa'sf] gfd M e'jg]Zj/ d'8j/Lcfdfsf] gfd M kljqfb]jL d'8j/LkTgLsf] gfd M d]g'sf d'8j/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@ hgf

ljj/0fs'd/L uflj;–$ 8fF8fufpFsf #$ jifL{o /fd]Zj/d'8j/LnfO{ @)^! k'; @# ut] eQmk'/ lhNnf

dWok'/ l7dL gkf–!%sf}zn6f/af6 ;]gfn]lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]s]f /kLl8tsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. g]kfn ;/sf/n]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw

u/fPsf] 5.

-!@_ k|sfz 9'ª\u]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& k'; !% ut]÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) df3 !% ut]36gf:yn M sfdgkf–!$ snª\sL

v;Lahf/, sf7df8f}“k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M s'd/L uflj;–$,

g'jfsf]6afa'sf] gfd M /fdk|;fb 9'ª\u]ncfdfsf] gfd M lzjdfof 9'ª\u]nj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fs'd/L uflj;–$ sf @#jifL{o k|sfz 9'ª\u]nnfO{)^) df3 !% ut] ;fbfkf]zfssf ;]gfn] sf7df8f}FlhNnf snª\sLv;Lahf/af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lxfn;Dd ;fj{hlgs u/]sf]

5}g. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!#_ /fh]Gb| yfkfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$÷#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; # ut]36gf:yn M Odf8f]n uflj;–(,

nlntk'/k]zf M Hofnfbf/L

113


:yfoL 7]ufgf M lnv' uflj;–&, g'jfsf]6

afa'sf] gfd M tf]/0faxfb'/ yfkfcfdfsf] gfd M zfGtf yfkfkTgLsf] gfd M /Ltf yfkf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷! hgf

ljj/0flnv' uflj;–& sf #% jifL{o /fh]Gb| yfkfnfO{@)%( k'; # ut] nlntk'/ lhNnf Odf8f]ndf 3/agfpg] dhb'/L u/L a:g] u/]sf]df ;]gfn]dfcf]jfbLsf] cfzª\sfdf ;f]xL :yfgaf6 lu/ˆtf/u/L a]kQf agfP.

-!$_ /fdrGb| e08f/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@& sflt{s !@ ut]÷## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ @! ut]36gf:yn M sfdgkf–!# afkmn,

sf7df8f}“k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M g'jfsf]6 lhNnf yfgl;+

uflj;–@afa'sf] gfd M s[i0fbQ e08f/Lcfdfsf] gfd M uf]df e08f/LkTgLsf] gfd M /Ltf e08f/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgf

ljj/0fyfgl;+ uflj;–@ sf ##jifL{o /fdrGb| e08f/LnfO{)^) dª\l;/ @! ut] dhb'/Lug]{ qmddf ;]gfn] sfdgkf–!#afkmnaf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lxfn;Dd a]kQf agfP. g]kfn;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !

nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!%_ n]vgfy kf}8]n ‘O{Zj/’hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$÷@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) df3 !# ut]36gf:yn M hogu/ uflj;–&

s'Gb|fvf]nf, slknj:t' k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M yfgl;+ uflj;–*,

g'jfsf]6 afa'sf] gfd M rGb|sfGt kf}8]ncfdfsf] gfd M afns'df/L kf}8]nkTgLsf] gfd M ufoqL kf}8]n5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷) hgf

ljj/0fyfgl;+x uflj;–* sf @^jifL{o O{Zj/ elgg] n]vgfykf}8]nnfO{ )^) df3 !# ut];]gfn] slknj:t' lhNnfhogu/ uflj;–&s'Gb|fvf]nfaf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lxfn;Dd ;f; klg glbPsf]

nf; klg glbPsf] s'/f kl/jf/n] atfP. kLl8tg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;dy{s lyP.

-!^_ /fh]Gb| nfld5fg]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)##÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @^ ut]36gf:yn M eb|6f/ uflj;–#,

g'jfsf]6k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M eb|6f/ uflj;–#, g'jfsf]6afa'sf] gfd M cUgL nfld5fg]cfdfsf] gfd M cUgLs'df/L nfld5fg]j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0feb|6f/ uflj;–# sf @& jifL{o /fh]Gb|nfld5fg]nfO{ @)^) c;f]h @^ ut] 3/dfal;/x]s]f a]nf ;]gfn] 3/ 3]/f xfnL lu/ˆtf/ u/L

114


xfn;Dd klg a]kQf agfP.kLl8t g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfkf6L{ ;b:o lyP. g]kfn;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!&_ dflxnf g]kfnLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% ;fpg÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} ( ut]36gf:yn M ghf{d08k uflj;–*,

g'jfsf]6 k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M ghf{d08k uflj;–*,

g'jfsf]6afa'sf] gfd M sfG5f g]kfnLcfdfsf] gfd M ;fgLsfG5L g]kfnLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fghf{d08k uflj;–* sf @$jifL{o dflxnf g]kfnLnfO{ )%(ebf} ( ut] 3/af6 ;]gfn]lu/ˆtf/ u/L xfn;Dd a]kQfagfP.

-!*_ o'4gfy g]kfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; !# ut]36gf:yn M uª\ua', sf7df8f}“ :yfoL 7]ufgf M afu]Zj/L uflj;–&,

g'jfsf]6afa'sf] gfd M 6'n/fh g]kfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fafu]Zj/L uflj;–& sf o'4fy g]kfnnfO{ )%( k';!# ut]b]lv sf7df8f}F lhNnf uf]ª\ua'af6 g]kfnL;]gfn] a]kQf agfPsf] s'/f pgsf lktf 6'n/fhg]kfnn] atfP.

g]kfn k|x/Laf6-!(_ ;Togf/fo0f k|hfklthGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ c;f/ !% ut]÷## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !# ut]36gf:yn M gª\v]n uflj;–!, eQmk'/k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL

lhNnf sld6L ;b:o eQmk'/_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M eQmk'/ gkf–!, eQmk'/afa'sf] gfd M cfzs'df/ k|hfkltcfdfsf] gfd M s[i0fa]tL k|hfkltkTgLsf] gfd M s[i0fb]jL k|hfklt5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷% hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M & hgf

ljj/0feQmk'/ gkf–! lgjf;L eQmk'/ lhNnfsf dfcf]jfbLlhNnf sld6L ;b:o ## jifL{o ;Togf/fo0fk|hfkltnfO{ )%( j}zfv !# ut] eQmk'/ lhNnfsf]gª\v]n uflj;–! ;fFuf e~Hofªaf6 eQmk'/lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosf k|x/Lx¿n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L;"o{ljgfossf] gofF uf]/v u0f Aof/]sdf lhDdfnufPsf lyP. pQm ;dob]lv pgL a]kQf /x]sf5g\. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

115


kLl8s kIf -;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{, zfxLg]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L_

zfxL g]knfL ;]gfaf6-!_ g/]Gb|axfb'/ tfdfªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! dª\l;/ ( ut]÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! dª\l;/ % ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}“ lhNnf

sfdgkf–!$ snª\sLk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M /;'jf lhNnf w}a'ª\u

uflj;–# wf/fkfgL

afa'sf] gfd M cd[taxfb''/ tfdfªcfdfsf] gfd M b]jnIdL tfdfªkTgLsf] gfd M ljjflxt5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷) hgf

ljj/0fw}a'ª uflj;–# wf/fkfgLsf@) jifL{o dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{g/]Gb|axfb'/ tfdfªnfO{ )^!dª\l;/ % ut] sf7df8f}FlhNnf snª\sLaf6;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/Lxfn;Dd a]kQf agfof] g]kfn

;/sf/af6 kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

116

@=!( /;'jf

#=! tgx'“

#=@ uf]/vf

#=# ndh'ª

#=$ :ofª\hf

#=% sf:sL

#=^ dgfª

#=& gjnk/f;L

#=* ?kGb]xL

#=( kfNkf

#=!) slknj:t'

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#=!@ u'NdL

#=!# afUn'ª

#=!$ kj{t

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#=!^ d':tfª

klZrdf~rn


kL8s kIf -;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{, zfxL g]kfnL;]gf / g]kfn k|x/L_

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-!_ ljhof a'9fyf]sLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ c;f]h (÷@$ jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M )^) r}t @36gf:yn M tgx'F Jof; gkf– ^k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M tgx'F lhNnf efg'

uflj;–^, km';|]6f/ cfdfsf] gfd M l;Gt'dfof a'9fyf]sLj}jflxs l:ylt M >Ldfg\sf] d[To' ePsf]

ljj/0fJof;guf/ gkf– *lgjf;L #) jifL{of g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ljhof a'9fyf]sLnfO{@)^) r}t @ ut] tgx'FlhNnfsf] Jof;gu/gkf–* rfkf3f6 l:ytAof/]s cufl8af6

kf6L{sf] sfddf u}/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/u/L a]kQf agfPsf] lyof]. pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdfg]kfn ;/sf/af6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-@_ kfj{tL kf}8]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& j}zfv @#÷@# jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M )^) r}t #)36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnfsf]

kf]v/f pdgkf–* l;dnrf}/

k]zf M /fhgLlt

:yfoL 7]ufgf M tgx'F lhNnf efg' uflj;–!, gf/]Zj/

afa'sf] gfd M cf]dk|;fb kf}8]ncfdfsf] gfd M ;/:jtL kf}8]n j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ljgf]b kGt

ljj/0fefg' uflj;–! lgjf;Lg]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{@# jifL{of kfj{tLkf}8]nnfO{ )^) r}t #)ut] sf:sL lhNnfsf]kf]v/f pdgkf–*l;dnrf}/af6 g]kfnL;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/L

a]kQf agfPsf] lyof]. pgsf] kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf¿kdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

g]kfn k|x/Laf6-#_ s]zjl;+x 7s'/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! dª\l;/ *÷@( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflQs !! ut]36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnfsf]

e/tkf]v/L uflj;k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M tgx'F lhNnf

j/e~ofª uflj;–^, gfa?ª

afa'sf] gfd M rqm/fh l;+x 7s'/L cfdfsf] gfd M sdnf 7s'/L j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fj/e~ofª uflj;–^lgjf;L cg]/f:jljo'qmflGtsf/L;Fu cfa4s]zj l;+x 7s'/L kf6L{sf]sfdsf] l;nl;nfdfsf:sL lhNnfsf]

119

#=! tgx'“


e/tkf]v/L uflj; uPsf] ;dodf )^) sflQs!! ut] ;f]xL :yfgaf6 k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/]. ;f]lbgb]lv pgsf] cj:yf c 1ft 5. pgsf]kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ?=! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-$_ gf/fo0fk|;fb kl08t lnª\u M k'?ifhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! k'; !!÷@% jif{36gf ldlt M )%^ j}zfv !36gf:yn M j/e~Hofª uflj;–&

gfugflugLk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M tgx'F lhNnf ldn{'ª

uflj;–@, /tgk'/ afa'sf] gfd M kz'klt kl08tcfdfsf] gfd M sfnLb]jL kl08tj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fldn{'ª uflj;–@ /tgk'/lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ @%jifL{o gf/fo0fk|;fbkl08tnfO{ )%^ j}zfv !ut] kf6L{sf] sfdsf]l;nl;nfdf j/e~Hofªuflj;–& gfugflugLl:yt

Ps 3/df al;/x]sf] a]nf k|x/Ln] 3/ 3]/f xfnLlu/km\tf/ u/]/ a]kQf agfPsf] lyof]. pgsf]kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ?=! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-%_ >L/fd l3ld/]] lnª\u M k'?ifhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# ;fpg @&÷## jif{36gf ldlt M )%^ j}zfv ! 36gf:yn M tgx'F, j/e~Hofª

uflj;–&, gfugflugLk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M tgx'F lhNnf v}/]gL6f/

uflj;–*

afa'sf] gfd M lgns07 l3ld/] cfdfsf] gfd M hd'gf l3ld/] j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;j{bf l3ld/] 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@

ljj/0fv}/]gL6f/ uflj;–*lgjf;L cg]/f:jljo'qmflGtsf/Lsf lhNnfcWoIf >L/fdclwsf/LnfO{ )%^j}zfv ! ut] j/e~Hofªuflj;–& gfugflugLaf6uPsf] b+uf k|x/Ln] ;f]xL

7fpFaf6 lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] lyof]. ;f] lbgb]lv pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf¿kdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-^_ sNkgf kGthGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## c;f]h !÷@@ jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M )%% dª\l;/ @@36gf:yn M tgx'F 3fF;Ls'jf

uflj;–(, tfd'ªk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M tgx'F lhNnf 3fF;Ls'jf

uflj;–@, a]n3f/L afa'sf] gfd M z'saxfb'/ kGt cfdfsf] gfd M dw'dfof kGtj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f3fF;Ls'jf uflj;–@lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ @@ jifL{ofsNkgf kGtnfO{ )%%dª\l;/ @@ ut] k|x/Ln]3fF;Ls'jf uflj;–(tfd'ªaf6 lu/km\tf/ u/La]kQf agfPsf] lyof].

120


pgsf] kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf g]kfn;/sf/af6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-&_ /fdrGb| ld>hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ kmfu'g %÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%% k'; @(36gf:yn M gjnk/f;L d's'Gbk'/

uflj;–%k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M tgx'F lhNnf efg'

uflj;–%, ;'bf}/Lvf]nf afa'sf] gfd M lzv/gfy ld> cfdfsf] gfd M ld7'dfof ld>j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fefg' uflj;–% lgjf;Lg]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ @# jifL{o/fdrGb| ld>nfO{ )%%k'; @( ut] k|x/Ln]gjnk/f;L lhNNfs]fd's'Gbk'/ uflj;–% af6k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/L

a]kQf agfPsf] lyof]. pgsf] kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf¿kdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-*_ ;/:jtL clwsf/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ df3 ^÷@( jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M )%% dª\l;/ @@36gf:yn M tgx'F, 3fF;Ls'jf

uflj;– &, tfd'ªk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M tgx'F lhNnf 3fF;Ls'jf

uflj;–!, a]ne~Hofª afa'sf] gfd M s[i0faxfb'/ clwsf/L cfdfsf] gfd M h'gf clwsf/L]j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M O{Zj/ lji65f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!

ljj/0f3fF;Ls'jf uflj;–!lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ @( jifL{of;/:jtL clwsf/LnfO{)%% dª\l;/ @@ ut]k|x/Ln] 3fF;Ls'jfuflj;–& tfd'ªaf6lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf

agfPsf] lyof]. pgsf] kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdfg]kfn ;/sf/af6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-(_ dw'dfntL nD;fnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* j}zfv !^÷!* jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M )%^ j}zfv !36gf:yn M tgx'F, j/e~Hofª

uflj;–&, gfugflugLk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M tgx'F lhNnf lsx'F

uflj;–@, lyb' afa'sf] gfd M s[i0fk|;fb nD;fn cfdfsf] gfd M e]ifs'df/L nD;fnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0flsx'F uflj;– @ lgjf;Lcg]/f:jljo' qmflGtsf/L;b:o !* jifL{ofdw'dfntL nD;fnnfO{)%^ j}zfv ! ut]j/eQHofª uflj;–&gfugflugLaf6 bª\ufk|x/Ln] dfcf]jfbLsf]

cfz+sfdf lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf agfPsf] lyof].36gfkl5 clwsf/Lsf] kl/jf/ lj:yflkt eO{ tgx'Fa]nrf}tf/fdf uO{ a:of]. ;f] kl/jf/ )%^ kmfu'g

121


@& ut] ufpF kmSof]{. pgsf] kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf¿kdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ? ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-!)_ O{Zj/ sfkm\n] hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@& c;f/ !^÷## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^) c;f]h !* 36gf:yn M sf:sL, n]vgfy

gkf–*, 8fF8fsf]gfs k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M tgx'F lhNnf hfd'g]

uflj;–* afa'sf] gfd M b'uf{gfy sfkm\n] cfdfsf] gfd M ;'eb|f sfkm\n] j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M wd{s'df/L sfkm\n] 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷@

ljj/0fhfd'g] uflj;–* lgjf;Lg]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{## jifL{o O{Zj/sfkm\n]nfO{ uf8Ldf r9]/kf]v/faf6 n]vgfy gkfhfFb} ubf{ sf:sLsf]n]vgfy gkf–* 8fF8fsf]gfs k|x/L rf}sLn]

lu/km\tf/ u/L ;f]xL lbgb]lv a]kQf agfPsf] lyof].pgsf] kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf g]kfn;/sf/af6 ? ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].


zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-!_ xL/fsfhL Kofs'/]n -;lGbk_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) c;f]h %÷@* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; !^ ut]36gf:yn M a'6jn k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf wfjf

uflj;–%, a8\8f“8f5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ! hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fwfjf uflj;–%a8\88fF8fsf ;GbLkelgg] g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfsdf08/ @* jifL{oxL/fsfhL Kofs'/]n -;GbLk_ nfO{ )%* k';!^ ut] a'6jnaf6;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/].

pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sDkgL sdf08/ lyP.lu/km\tf/Lkl5 pgnfO{ uf]/sfsf] l7u'/]:jfF/fl:yt;]gfsf] u0fdf ;}lgs lx/f;tdf /flvPsf]df )%(ebf};Dd kl/jf/n] e]6\g kfPsf] lyof]. To;kl5e]6\g hfFbf cf}iflw ug{ sf7df8f}F nu]sf] hfgsf/Lu/fPkl5 Kofs'/]nsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft/x]sf] pgsf cfkmGthgn] atfP. kl/jf/n]Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf zflGt tyf k'glg{df0f{dGqfnoaf6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-@_ /fh]Gb|/d0f vgfn hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## df3 @&÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if

122

#=@ uf]/vf


36gf ldlt M )%* k'; !#36gf:yn M tgx'F lhNnf cfFa'v}/]gL

uflj;–#k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf cf?kf]v/L

uflj;–*, 8fF8fufpFafa'sf] gfd M gGbk|;fb vgfn cfdfsf] gfd M u0f]zs'df/L vgfn klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;'zLnf bfxfncGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $ hgf

ljj/0fcf?kf]v/L uflj;–*lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{/fh]Gb|/d0f vgfnnfO{)%* k'; !# ut] ;]gfn]tgx'F lhNnf cfFa'v}/]gLuflj;–# af6 lu/km\tf/u/L Ps dlxgf;Dd

uf]/vfsf] 3\ofDk];fnsf] Aof/]sdf /fv]sf] lyof].To;kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf]kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿n] atfP. kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf¿kdf zflGt tyf k'glg{df0f{ dGqfnoaf6 ?= !nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-#_ k'ik/fh b]jsf]6f -hgs_ hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@( k'; !#÷#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^) k'; (36gf:yn M gjnk/f;L lhNnf /hx/

uflj;–&k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf cfFklkkn

uflj;–&, l;DkfgLafa'sf] gfd M b]jLk|;fb b]jsf]6fcfdfsf] gfd M b]jLdfof b]jsf]6fkTgL÷kltsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fcfFklkkn uflj;–& l;DkfgL lgjf;L cg]/f:jljo"

qmflGtsf/Lsf lhNnf cWoIf k'ik/fh b]jsf]6fnfO{)^) k'; ( ut] gjnk/f;L lhNnf /hx/uflj;–& af6 g]kfnL ;]gfn] dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdflu/km\tf/ u/]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft/x]sf] 5. pgnfO{ )^^ df3df dfcf]jfbLn] ;lxb3f]if0ff u/]sf] g]skf dfcf]jfbL, uf]/vfn] hgfPsf]5. kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf zflGt tyfk'glg{df0f{ dGqfnoaf6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-$_ czf]s ;'gf/ -cs]nf_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& h]7 !@÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ ^36gf:yn M sf7df08f}+ dgkfsf]

rfjlxnk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf af]nf{ª

uflj;–%, r08Lyf]safa'sf] gfd M l8naxfb'/ ;'gf/ cfdfsf] gfd M ;d'Gb|s'df/L ;'gf/kTgL÷kltsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0faf]nf{ª uflj;–% lgjf;Lblnt d'lQm df]rf{sfs]Gb|Lo ;b:o @# jifL{oczf]s ;'gf/nfO{ )^)dª\l;/ ^ ut] sf7df8f}Fdgkfsf] rfjlxndfaf6f]df lxFl8/x]sf] a]nfg]kfnL ;]gfn]

dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf lu/km\tf/ u/]kl5 xfn;Ddpgsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] 5. kl/jf/n]Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf zflGt tyf k'glg{df0f{dGqfnoaf6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-%_ afa'/fd s'dfn -7fs'/_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! df3 @@÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^! c;f]h ^36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf kf]v/f

pkgkf–!!

123


lu/km\tf/ u/L e}/jgfy u0fdf /fv]sf] / To;a]nflxdfn zdf{ / s[i0f s];Ln] ;d]t kGtnfO{ b]v]sflyP. To;kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft/x]sf] 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdfzflGt tyf k'glg{df0f{ dGqfnoaf6 ?= ! nfvk|fKt u¥of].

-&_ bLksrGb| Gof}kfg] -d'lQmbLk_ hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* k'; &÷#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%( kmfu'g % ut]36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf kf]v/f

pdgkf–! au/l:yt k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk; glhs}af6

k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf vf]Knfª

uflj;–@, kf]v/fa];Lafa'sf] gfd M l8NnL/fd Gof}kfg] cfdfsf] gfd M ltnss'df/L Gof}kfg]j}jflxs cj:yf M cljjflxt

ljj/0fvf]Knfª uflj;–@kf]v/fa];L lgjf;Lcg]/f:jljo' qmflGtsf/Lsfs]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf ;lrj#! jifL{o d'lQmbLk elgg]bLksrGb| Gof}kfg]nfO{ )%(kmfu'g % ut] sf:sL lhNnf

kf]v/f pdgkf–! au/l:yt k[YjLgf/fo0fSofDk;df :jljo' lgjf{rg ;+o'Qm jftf{k|ltlglwsf ¿kdf jftf{ u/]/ kms{g] qmddfk[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk; glhs} ;fbf kf]zfsdfcfPsf g]kfnL ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/L b'O{ lbg;Ddkm"naf/L Aof/]sdf /fv]. To;kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] 5 pgsf] kl/jf/n]Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf zflGt tyf k'glg{df0f{dGqfnoaf6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

124

k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf 5f]k|fs

uflj;–(, sdnfaf/Lafa'sf] gfd M s[i0faxfb'/ s'dfncfdfsf] gfd M dgdfof s'dfn kTgL÷kltsf] gfd M lgdf s'dfncGof cfl>t ;ª\Vof M # hgf

ljj/0f5f]k|fs uflj;–(sdnfaf/L lgjf;Lcg]/f:jljo' qmflGt–sf/Lsf ;b:o @) jifL{oafa'/fd s'dfnnfO{ )^!c;f]h ^ sf:sL lhNnfkf]v/f pkgkf–!! af6km"naf/L Aof/]ssf

g]kfnL ;]gfn] dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf lu/km\tf/u/]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] 5.pgsf] kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf zflGt tyfk'glg{df0f{ dGqfnoaf6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-^_ bLk]Gb| kGthGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% r}t @@÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^) c;f]h @^36gf:yn M sf7df08f}+ dgkf–!^

gofFahf/k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf 5f]k|fs

uflj;–(, sdnfaf/Lafa'sf] gfd M /]zdaxfb'/ kGtcfdfsf] gfd M lxds'df/L kGtj}jflxs cj:yf M cljjflxt

ljj/0fufO{v'/ uflj;–% sdn6f/lgjf;L bLk]Gb| kGtnfO{ )^)c;f]h @^ ut] sf7df8f}Fdgkf–!^ gofFahf/af6SofDk; hfg nfUbf ;]gfn]


-*_ hd'gf s'dfn -cd[tf_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#*÷@@ jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M )^) r}t @ ut]36gf:yn M tgx'F lhNnf Jof; gkf–*

bdf}nLl:yt rfkf3f6k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf

k[YjLgf/fo0f gkf–!)afa'sf] gfd M udaxfb'/ s'dfn cfdfsf] gfd M /]0f' s'dfnj}jflxs cj:yf M cljjflxt

ljj/0fk[YjLgf/fo0f gkf–!)lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ cd[tf elgg]hd'gf s'dfnnfO{dfcf]jfbL ePsf]cf/f]kdf )^) r}t @ut] g]kfnL ;]gfn] tgx'FlhNnf Jof; gkf–*

bdf}nLl:yt rfkf3f6df lu/km\tf/ u/]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] 5. pgsf]kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf zflGt tyf k'glg{df0f{dGqfnoaf6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-(_ t'naxfb'/ g]kfnLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* c;f]h !$÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* k'; @^36gf:yn M uf]/vf lhNnf

k[YjLgf/fo0f gkf–#k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf 5f]k|fs

uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M s]z/axfb'/ g]kfnL cfdfsf] gfd M 6Lsf g]kfnLj}jflxs cj:yf M cljjflxt

ljj/0f5f]k|fs uflj;–& lgjf;L;j{;fwf/0f t'naxfb'/g]kfnLnfO{ uf]/vf;b/d'sfd cfPsf] a]nf)%* k'; @^ ut]k[YjLgf/fo0f gkf–# af6g]kfnL ;]gfn]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf

lu/km\tf/ u/]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft5. pgsf] kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf zflGt tyfk'glg{df0f{ dGqfnoaf6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-!)_ ;'j0f{ kf}8]n -;~ho_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! c;f]h @*÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* k'; !#36gf:yn M lrtjg lhNnf, bf/]rf]s

uflj;, lkml:nªk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf kfn'ª6f/

uflj;–@, cNsflrnfpg]afa'sf] gfd M lktfDa/ kf}8]n cfdfsf] gfd M /dfjtL kf}8]nj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fkfn'ª6f/ uflj;–@lgjf;L ;'j0f{ kf}8]nnfO{)%* k'; !# ut]kf]v/faf6 uf]/vfsf]3\ofNrf]s uflj; hfg]qmddf lrtjg lhNnfbf/]rf]ssf] lkml:nªdf;]gfn] dfcf]jfbLsf]

cf/f]kdf lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf¿kdf zflGt tyf k'glg{df0f{ dGqfnoaf6 ?= !nfv k|fKt u¥of].

125


ljj/0f vf]Knfª uflj;–@kf]v/fa];L lgjf;Lcg]/f:jljo' qmflGtsf/Lsf;b:o @# jifL{o k'ik elgg]k"0f{rGb| cfrfo{nfO{dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf)%* k'; !* ut] ;]gfn]lrtjg lhNnf e/tk'/

gkfaf6 lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n]Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf zflGt tyf k'glg{df0f{dGqfnoaf6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-!#_ eLd;]g lwtfn hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! ;fpg @$÷#) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! d+l;/ %36gf:yn M sf7df8f}F lhNnf,

sf7df8f}F dgkf– @, nflhDkf6

k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf Knf6'g sdf08/

:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf, kGb|'ª uflj;–&, u}/L5fk

afa'sf] gfd M s[i0fk|;fb lwtfncfdfsf] gfd M Hofb'dfof lwtfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fkGb|'ª uflj;–& u}/L5fklgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf Knf6'gsdf08/ #) jifL{oeLd;]g lwtfnnfO{dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf)^! d+l;/ % ut]sf7df08f}+ dgkf–@ l:yt

nflhDkf6af6 ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/]kl5 pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n]

126

-!!_ 1fgaxfb'/ td" hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!*÷$) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* d+l;/ @36gf:yn M tgx'F lhNnf k'sf{]6

uflj;–& afO{;hfF3/k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf £ofNrf]s

uflj;–%, wjfbLafa'sf] gfd M kmQl;+x td" cfdfsf] gfd M ;'sdfof td"j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt kTgL÷kltsf] gfd M e'dfof u'?ª5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0f3\ofNrf]s uflj;–@lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLlhNnf ;b:o 1fgaxfb'/td"nfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf]cf/f]kdf )%* k'; @ ut];]gfn] tgx'F lhNnf k'sf{]6uflj;–& sf]afO{;hF3f/af6 lu/km\tf/

u/]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. pgsf]kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf zflGt tyf k'glg{df0f{dGqfnoaf6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-!@_ k"0f{rGb| cfrfo{ -k'ik_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% c;f/ @&÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; !*36gf:yn M lrtjg lhNnf, e/tk'/

gkf, e/tk'/k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/sf lhNnf vf]Knfª

uflj;–@, kf]v/fa];Lafa'sf] gfd M lvnf zdf{ cfrfo{cfdfsf] gfd M /dfb]jL cfrfo{j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt


Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf zflGt tyf k'glg{df{0fdGqfnoaf6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

g]kfn k|x/Laf6-!$_ uLtf yfkf du/ -k|ult_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ r}t #÷@# jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%% k'; ^ ut]36gf:yn M uf]/vf lhNnf, 5f]k|fs

uflj;–!, lrq]kf]v/Lk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf, 3}?ª

uflj;–!, tLg3/]afa'sf] gfd M kxndfg yfkfcfdfsf] gfd M /gs'df/L yfkfj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f3}/ª uflj;–! tLg3/]lgjf;L @# jifL{of uLtfyfkf du/nfO{ dfcf]jfbLePsf] cf/f]kdf )%%k'; ^ ut] 5f]k|fsuflj;–! sf]lrq]kf]v/Laf6 k|x/Ln]lu/km\tf/ u/]kl5

xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] 5. pgsf]kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf zflGt tyf k'glg{df0f{dGqfnoaf6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-!%_ nLnf vgfn -ljGb'_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* k'; !&÷!& jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%% sflt{s (36gf:yn M ndh'ª lhNnf, rGb|]Zj/

uflj;–&, b]ptfkfgLk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf, a'ªsf]6

uflj;–@, vfDbLafa'sf] gfd M ?b|nfn vgfncfdfsf] gfd M xl/dfof vgfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fa'ª\sf]6 uflj;–@vfDbL lgjf;L !&jifL{of nLnf vgfnnfO{ndh'ª lhNnfrGb|]Zj/ uflj;–&b]ptfkfgLl:yt 3/dfal;/x]sf] cj:yfdfdfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdfk|x/Ln] )%% sflQs

( ut] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] lyof]. To;lbgb]lv pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft /x]sf] 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n]Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf zflGt tyf k'glg{df0f{dGqfnoaf6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-!^_ ;~ho 9sfn hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! ;fpg #! ÷!$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% k'; !! ut]36gf:yn M uf]/vf lhNnf 5f]k|fs

uflj;–@, y'DsLk]zf M /fhgLlt, cg]/f:jljo'

qmflGtsf/Lsf lhNnf cWoIf

:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf, au'jf uflj;–&

afa'sf] gfd M 6Lsf/fd 9sfncfdfsf] gfd M lvgfs'df/L 9sfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fau'jf uflj;–& lgjf;Lcg]/f:jljo' qmflGtsf/LsflhNnf cWoIf !$ jifL{o;~ho 9sfnnfO{ 5f]k|fsuflj;–@ y'DsLl:ytaf6f]df lxl8/x]s]fcj:yfdf dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf )%% k'; !! ut]

k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df To;kl5 pgsf] cj:yfc1ft /x]sf] 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf

127


¿kdf zflGt tyf k'glg{df0f{ dGqfnoaf6 ?= !nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-!&_ s'df/ 9sfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& kmfu'g !*÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% k'; !! ut]36gf:yn M uf]/vf lhNnf 5f]k|fs

uflj;–@, y'DsLk]zf M /fhgLlt, cg]/f:jljo'

qmflGtsf/Lsf lhNnf pkfWoIf

:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf, >Lgfysf]6uflj;–@, tNnf]uf]xf]/]

afa'sf] gfd M e'jgaxfb'/ 9sfncfdfsf] gfd M uf]dfb]jL 9sfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f>Lgfysf]6 uflj;–@lgjf;L cg]/f:jljo'qmflGtsf/Lsf lhNnfpkfWoIf !* jifL{os'df/ 9sfnnfO{ lbbLsf]3/ hfFb} ubf{ 5f]k|fsuflj;–@ y'DsLl:ytaf6f]af6 dfcf]jfbLsf]

cf/f]kdf )%% k'; !! ut] k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df To;kl5 pgsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] 5.pgsf] kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf zflGt tyfk'glg{df0f{ dGqfnoaf6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-!*_ /fh' u'?ª -ljho_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@( k'; !*÷@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% sflQs !) ut]36gf:yn M ndh'ª lhNnf, rGb|]Zj/

uflj;–&k]zf M /fhgLlt, cg]/f:jljo'

qmflGtsf/L cfa4:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf, vf]Knfª

uflj;–$, a]naf;

afa'sf] gfd M /fdaxfb'/ u'?ªcfdfsf] gfd M ;'sdfof u'?ªj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fvf]Knfª uflj;–$a]naf; lgjf;Lcg]/f:jljo' qmflGtsf/Lcfa4 /fh' u'?ªnfO{)%% sflQs !) ndh'ªlhNnf rGb|]Zj/uflj;–& sf]b]ptfkfgLaf6 k|x/Ln]

dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf lu/km\tf/ u/]kl5 xfn;Ddpgsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n]Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf zflGt tyf k'glg{df0f{dGqfnoaf6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-!(_ dLhf s'dfn -lg?_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## k'; !*÷@% jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%% sflQs * ut]36gf:yn M ndh'ª lhNnf k/]jf8fF8f

uflj;–@, xfF8]6f/k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf, Rofª\nL

uflj;–$afa'sf] gfd M hLtaxfb'/ s'dfncfdfsf] gfd M k'tnL s'dfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fRofª\nL uflj;–$lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ @% jifL{of lg?elgg] dLhf s'dfnnfO{dfcf]jfbL ePsf]cf/f]kdf )%% sflQs* ut] k|x/Ln] ndh'ªlhNnf k/]jf8fF8f

128


uflj;–@ xf8]6f/af6 lu/km\tf/ u/]kl5 pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n]Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf zflGt tyf k'glg{df0f{dGqfnoaf6 ?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-@)_ lgd{nf d/x7\7f -l;h{gf_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ h]7 *÷@! jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%% sflQs !% ut]36gf:yn M uf]/vf lhNnf, cfFklkkn

uflj;–^, cfFkkLknahf/k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf, cfFklkkn

uflj;–^, l;dkfgLafa'sf] gfd M gj/fh d/x7\7fcfdfsf] gfd M gGbs'df/L d/x7\7fj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fcfFklkkn uflj;–^,l;dkfgL lgjf;L @!jifL{of l;h{gf elgg]lgd{nf d/x7\7fnfO{cfFkkLkn uflj;–^cfFkkLknahf/af6 )%%sflQs !% ut] xdL{uflj;l:yt k|x/L

rf}sLaf6 uPsf] k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/]b]lv pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf¿kdf zflGt tyf k'glg{df0f{ dGqfnoaf6 ?= !nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-@!_ /fdaxfb'/ l3ld/] -k|jL0f_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## dª\l;/ ^÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% sflQs !$ ut]36gf:yn M uf]/vf lhNnf aqmfª

uflj;–^k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf, ufO{v'/

uflj;–& l3ld/]yf]safa'sf] gfd M s]z/axfb'/ l3ld/]

cfdfsf] gfd M lz/s'df/L l3ld/]j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fufO{v'/ uflj;–&lgjf;L @@ jifL{o k|jL0felgg] /fdaxfb'/l3ld/]nfO{ )%% sflQs!$ ut] aqmfª uflj;–^l:yt lz/axfb'/cof{nsf] 3/af6dfcf]jfbL ePsf]

cf/f]kdf k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/]kl5 pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf¿kdf zflGt tyf k'glg{df0f{ dGqfnoaf6 ?= !nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-@@_ /fh]Gb| 9sfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@% sflQs @*÷#) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% k'; @$ ut]36gf:yn M tgx'F lhNnf, v}/]gL6f/

uflj;–^, hfDbLvf]nfk]zf M sfg'g Joj;foL, g]kfn

af/ P;f]l;P;g uf]/vf cWoIf

:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf, xdL{ uflj;–*

afa'sf] gfd M snfw/ zdf{ 9sfncfdfsf] gfd M k|ef 9sfnj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ladnf 9sfn5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@ cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0fxdL{ uflj;–* lgjf;L g]kfn af/ P;f]l;P;guf]/vfsf] cWoIf /fh]Gb| 9sfnnfO{ )%% k'; @$ut] dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf tgx'F lhNnf v}/]gL6f/uflj;–^ hfDbL vf]nfdf g'xfO/x]sf] cj:yfdfk|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] lyof]. lu/km\tf/Lkl5

129


b'n]uf}8f Onfsf k|x/Lsfof{no tgx'Fdf/flvPsf]df 9sfnsf]cj:yf ;f]xL ;dob]lvc1ft /x]sf] 5. pgsf]kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{sf¿kdf zflGt tyfk'glg{df0f{ dGqfnoaf6

?= ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-@#_ kml0fGb| l;+v8fhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@! sflQs @!÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% kmfu'g !# ut]36gf:yn M lrtjg lhNnf, e/tk'/

gkf, gf/fo0fu9 ahf/k]zf M /fhgLlt, dfcf]jfbLsf

Onfsf sld6L ;b:o:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]/vf lhNnf, wfjf

uflj;–$afa'sf] gfd M ejbQ l;+v8fcfdfsf] gfd M gv'n]sf]j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /flwsf l;+v8f5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0fwfjf uflj;–$ lgjf;Lg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf Onfsfsld6L ;b:o kml0fGb|l;+v8fnfO{ JolQmutsfdsf] l;nl;nfdflrtjgsf] e/tk'/gf/fo0fu9 uPsf] a]nfk|x/Ln] )%% kmfu'g % ut]

lu/km\tf/ u/]. pgL c:yfoL ¿kdf sf:sL lhNnf,kf]v/f pdgkf–( a;kfs{ lzj6f]ndf a:b} cfPsflyP. pgsf] kl/jf/n] pgsf] vf]hlagsf] nfluljleGg dfgjclwsf/sdL{x¿nfO{ ph'/L lbPsflyP. pgsf] l:ylt xfn;Dd c1ft /x]sf] 5.

pgsf] kl/jf/n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 ?=! nfv k|fKt u/].


;+o'Qm ;/IffsdL{af6-!_ /fhg l3ld/] hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ c;f]h @#÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ * ut] 36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf, x+zk'/

uflj;k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

;b:o:yfoL 7]ufgf M ndh'ª lhNnf, Ozfg]Zj/

uflj;–#, lrz+s'afa'sf] gfd M ljZjgfy l3ld/]cfdfsf] gfd M ;fljqf l3ld/]j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fOzfg]Zj/ uflj;–#lr;+s' lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbL ;b:o /fhgl3ld/]nfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf )%( c;f/ (ut] ljhok'/ Aof/]saf6uPsf] ;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n]sf:sL lhNnfsf] x+;k'/

uflj;sf] af6f]df lu/km\tf/ u/L ndh'ªsf]ef]n{]6f/l:yt ;}lgs Aof/]sdf lx/f;tdf /fv]kl5pgsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n]Ifltk"lt{:j¿k g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ? ! nfv k|fKtu¥of].

130

#=# ndh'ª


-@_ ;Ltf clwsf/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ ebf} !#÷@@ jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t !$ 36gf:yn M ndh'ª lhNnf, gfNdf

uflj;–%k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ndh'ª lhNnf, rl08:yfg

uflj;–@, uf]tfd]yf]safa'sf] gfd M ef]haxfb'/ clwsf/Lcfdfsf] gfd M ld7L clwsf/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0frl08:yfg uflj;–@uf]tfd]yf]s lgjf;Lg]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ ;Ltfclwsf/LnfO{ )%* r}t!$ ut] gfNdfdf ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{n] dfcf]jfbLePsf] cf/f]kdf

lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf agfP. pgsL cfdfsf] egfOcg';f/ pgnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/L lnP/ uPkl5clGtd k6s )%( j}zfv & ut] u+ufldng dfljds}8fF8fdf pgsf ;fyLx¿n] b]v]sf lyP. pgsf]kl/jf/n] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 Ifltk"lt{sf] ¿kdf ?! nfv / cfO{;Lcf/;Laf6 ? !) xhf/ k|fKtu¥of].

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-#_ w|'jafa' ltjf/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!& ebf} !&÷$@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; !! 36gf:yn M tgx'F lhNnf, v}/]gL6f/

uflj;k]zf M /fhgLlt, clvn

qmflGtsf/L ls;fg ;ª\3sf lhNnf sld6L ;b:o

:yfoL 7]ufgf M ndh'ª lhNnf, lrtL uflj;–*, lrtL

afa'sf] gfd M 8Da/lglw ltjf/Lcfdfsf] gfd M /fd]Zj/L ltjf/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M nIdL ltjf/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@ cGo cfl>t ;ª\VofM !

ljj/0flrtL uflj;–* lgjf;Lclvn qmflGtsf/Lls;fg ;ª\3sf lhNnfsld6L ;b:o w|'jafa'ltjf/LnfO{ )%( k'; !!ut] ndh'ªsf]ef]n{]6f/af6 uf]/vf hfFb}ubf{ tgx'F lhNnfsf]

v}/]gL6f/af6 ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf agfof].pgsf] kl/jf/n] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ? ! nfvIfltk"lt{:j¿k k|fKt u¥of].

-$_ bnaxfb'/ e'h]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% kmfu'g !)÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* df3 @! 36gf:yn M tgx'F lhNnf, k'sf{]6

uflj;–^ afO{;hfF3/k]zf M s[lif, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ndh'ª lhNnf, eft{]

uflj;–^ kfNn]h/fafa'sf] gfd M /fdaxfb'/ e'h]ncfdfsf] gfd M kbds'df/L e'h]nj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0feft{] uflj;–^ kNn]u/f lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ bnaxfb'/ e'h]nnfO{ )%* df3 @! ut]tgx'F lhNNfsf] k'sf]{6 uflj;–^ afO{;hfFu/l:yt;}lgs r]s kf]i6af6 dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf

131


lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/].kl/jf/n] df3 @% ut]lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodfl;l8cf] lzjk|;fbg]kfn;Fu e'h]nsf;DaGwdf ;f]wk'5 u/]sf]lyof]. pgsf] kl/jf/n]

g]kfn ;/sf/af6 Ifltk"lt{sf] ¿kdf ? ! nfv /cfO{;Lcf/;Laf6 ? !) xhf/ k|fKt u¥of].

-%_ lji0f'k|;fb clwsf/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!! c;f/÷$& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !& 36gf:yn M ndh'ª lhNnf, enfofvs{

uflj;–#, ;fFOnL6f/k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ndh'ª lhNnf, enfofvs{

uflj;–#, ;fFOnL6f/ afa'sf] gfd M >Lw/ clwsf/Lcfdfsf] gfd M nlnts'df/L clwsf/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /]jtL clwsf/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @ ÷!

ljj/0fndh'ª lhNnf,enfofvs{ uflj;–#,;fFOnL6f/ lgjf;Llji0f'k|;fb clwsf/LnfO{)%* kmfu'g !& ut]uf]/vfsf] xdL{Aof/]saf6 vl6O{ cfPsf];]gfsf] 6f]nLn]

dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf 3/af6} lu/km\tf/ u/]b]lvpgsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n]g]kfn ;/sf/af6 Ifltk"lt{sf] ¿kdf ? ! nfv /cfO{;Lcf/;Laf6 ? !) xhf/ k|fKt u¥of].

-^_ ;'saxfb'/ kl/of/ hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) ;fpg (÷!* jif{

lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; @) 36gf:yn M tgx'F lhNnf k'sf{]6

uflj;–$, afO{;hFuf/k]zf M /fhgLlt, dfcf]jfbL lgs6

blnt d'lQm df]rf{df cfa4

:yfoL 7]ufgf M ndh'ª lhNnf, rqmtLy{ uflj;–^, tLglkKn]

afa'sf] gfd M u'gaxfb'/ kl/of/cfdfsf] gfd M l8ndfof kl/of/j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0frqmtLy{ uflj;–&lgjf;L blnt d'lQmdf]rf{df cfa4;'saxfb'/ kl/of/ )%*k'; @) ut] 3/af6sf7df8f}F hfg] qmddftgx'Fsf] afO{;hF3f/u'Nddf ;]gfn]

dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf lu/km\tf/ u/]. pgsf]kl/jf/n] ;f]Wg hfFbf s]xL lbgkl5 5f]l8lbg] eg]klg pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgsf]kl/jf/n] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 Ifltk"lt{sf] ¿kdf ?! nfv / cfO{;Lcf/;Laf6 ? !) xhf/ k|fKtu¥of].

-&_ lji0f'k|;fb ltjf/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^÷#@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; @( 36gf:yn M ndh'ª lhNnf, ef]n{]6f/

;}lgs SofDkk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M ndh'ª lhNnf, b'/f8fF8f

uflj;–@, ltjf/L ufpFafa'sf] gfd M Clif/fd ltjf/Lcfdfsf] gfd M a;'Gw/f ltjf/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

132


ljj/0fk/]jf8fF8f uflj;–# cfxfn]lgjf;L ljzfn dNnnfO{)%& k'; % ut] 3/af6a'6jn hfFb} ubf{gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf]a/3f6df k|x/Ln]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf

lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]. pgsf] kl/jf/n]Ifltk"lt{:j¿k s]xL ;xof]u k|fKt u/]sf] 5}g.

-(_ /fd]Zj/L e§/fO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* j}zfv !÷@) jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%* df3 @ 36gf:yn M ndh'ª lhNnf, l;dkfgL

uflj;–@, ;]/fk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ndh'ª lhNnf, ef]6]cf]8f/

uflj;–(, km]lbs'gfafa'sf] gfd M kbdk|;fb e§/fO{cfdfsf] gfd M uf]dfs'df/L e§/fO{j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fef]6]cf]8f/ uflj;–(,km]lbs'gf lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{/fd]Zj/L e§/fO{nfO{dfcf]jfbL ePsf]cf/f]kdf )%* df3 @ut] ndh'ª lhNnfsf]l;dkfgL uflj;af6

lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no ndh'ªsf k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/u/]. pgsL cfdfsf] egfO cg';f/ l;dkfgLuflj;af6 lu/km\tf/ ePs} lbg pgLnfO{ ;Fu}lx/f;tdf /x]sL wgdtL u'?ªn] b]v]sL lyOg\.o;kl5 pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n]Ifltk"lt{sf] ¿kdf s]xL ;xof]u k|fKt u/]sf] 5}g.

133

klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M u+uf ltjf/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ! ÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fb'/f8fF8f uflj;–@ltjf/LufFp lgjf;Lg]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ lji0f'k|;fbltjf/LnfO{ )%* k'; @(ut] lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf]lyof]. l;l8cf] rGb|k|;fbkGtn] ltjf/LnfO{ ;]gfn]

tgx'Fsf] Jof; gkf–$ bdf}nLdf lu/km\tf/ u/Lndh'ª lhNnf ef]n{]6f/l:yt ;}lgs SofDkdf/fv]sf] / kl5 ;r{ cleofgdf hfFbf efUgvf]h]kl5 uf]nL k|xf/ ubf{ d[To' ePsf] hgfsf/LlbP. pgL a]kQf x'g'cufl8 OG;]s lhNnfk|ltlglwn] pgnfO{ ef]n{]6f/df )%* kmfu'g @*ut] e]6 u/]sf lyP. 36gfkl5 pgsf >LdtL /5f]/f5f]/L lrtjg lj:yflkt eO{ xfn;Dd ToxLFa:b} cfPsf 5g\. pgsf] kl/jf/n] g]kfn;/sf/af6 Ifltk"lt{sf] ¿kdf ? ! nfv k|fKtu¥of].

g]kfn k|x/Laf6-*_ ljzfn dNn hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* d+l;/ @$÷!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%& k'; % 36gf:yn M gjnk/f;L lhNnf a/3f6k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ndh'ª lhNnf,

k/]jf8fF8f uflj;–# cfxfn]

afa'sf] gfd M eujfg dNncfdfsf] gfd M k|fy{gfb]jL dNnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt


-!)_ s[i0faxfb'/ a:g]thGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!^ c;f/ #÷$) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%^ c;f/ #36gf:yn M ndh'ª lhNnf

tfGb|fª6S;f/ uflj;–(, a:g]t ufpF

k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL cfa4 lzIfs ;+u7g

:yfoL 7]ufgf M ndh'ª lhNnf, ;"o{kfn uflj;–%

afa'sf] gfd M ?kaxfb'/ a:g]tcfdfsf] gfd M ;Gts'df/L a:g]tj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M d}ofF a:g]t5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷*

ljj/0f;"o{kfn uflj;–%lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbLcfa4 lzIfs;ª\u7gdf ;lqmos[i0faxfb'/ a:g]tnfO{)%^ c;f/ # ut];"o{kfn k|x/L rf}sLaf6vl6Psf k|x/Ln]

lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]. pgsf kl/jf/sfcg';f/ lu/km\tf/Lsf] ef]lnkN6 pgsL kTgL s]xLufpFn];Fu} k|x/L rf}sLdf ph'/L ug{ hfFbf rf}sLn]pgsf] lgj]bg lng dfg]g. pgsf] kl/jf/n] g]kfn;/sf/af6 Ifltk"lt{sf] ¿kdf ? ! nfv /cfO{;Lcf/;Laf6 ? !) xhf/ k|fKt u¥of].

-!!_ /d]z kf}8]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# c;f]h !÷#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t ^ ut] 36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf, ldh'/]8fF8f


:yfoL 7]ufgf M ndh'ª lhNnf, lhtf uflj;–(, lhtfa];L

afa'sf] gfd M /fdrGb| kf}8]ncfdfsf] gfd M s';'db]jL kf}8]nj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M zs'Gtnf kf}8]n5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ! ÷@

ljj/0flhtf uflj;–( lhtfa];Llgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ /d]z kf}8]nnfO{)%* r}t ^ ut]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdfldh'/] uflj;af6 ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{n] lu/km\tf/u/L a]kQf kf/]. pgsf

kl/jf/sf cg';f/ pgnfO{ lnP/ uPsf] s]xL;dokl5 kl/jf/nfO{ yfxf lbPsf] t/ To;kl5pgsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n]g]kfn ;/sf/af6 Ifltk"lt{sf] ¿kdf ? ! nfv /cfO{;Lcf/;Laf6 ? !) xhf/ k|fKt u¥of].

-!@_ tf]ogfy kf]v/]n hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!& dª\l;/ $÷$! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !& 36gf:yn M ndh'ª lhNnf, enfofvs{

uflj;–#, ;fFOnL6f/k]zf M lzIf0f:yfoL 7]ufgf M ndh'ª lhNnf, enfofvs{

uflj;–#, ;fFOnL6f/afa'sf] gfd M nIdLk|;fb kf]v/]ncfdfsf] gfd M tf/fb]jL kf]v/]nj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ejfgL kf]v/]n5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ! ÷@

ljj/0fndh'ª lhNnf, enfofvs{ uflj;–#, ;fFOnL6f/lgjf;L / zf}efUof]bo dfljdf lzIfssf ¿kdf

134


sfo{/t\ tf]ogfykf]v/]nnfO{ uf]/vfsf]xdL{ Aof/]saf6 vl6O{cfPsf] ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdfenfofvs{ uflj;–#,;fFOnL6f/af6 laxfg $ah] lu/km\tf/ u/]b]lv

pgsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n]g]kfn ;/sf/af6 Ifltk"lt{sf] ¿kdf ? ! nfv /cfO{;Lcf/;Laf6 ? !) xhf/ k|fKt u¥of].

-!#_ tLy{/fh l3ld/]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))& sflQs÷%! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !& 36gf:yn M ndh'ª lhNnf, enfofvs{

uflj;–$k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf:yfoL 7]ufgf M ndh'ª lhNnf, enfofvs{

uflj;–$, ;fFOnL6f/afa'sf] gfd M b]jLbf; l3ld/]cfdfsf] gfd M bdGtf l3ld/]j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M zf]efb]jL l3ld/]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷@

ljj/0fenfofvs{ uflj;–$,;fFOnL6f/ lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{tLy{/fh l3ld/]nfO{;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]3/glhs}sf] ljBfnoaf6laxfg !! ah] lu/km\tf/u/L uf]/vfsf] xdL{

uflj;l:yt ;}lgs a]; SofDkdf nu]b]lv pgsf]cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n] g]kfn;/sf/af6 Ifltk"lt{sf] ¿kdf ? ! nfv /cfO{;Lcf/;Laf6 ? !) xhf/ k|fKt u¥of].

-!$_ nLn/fh s6\6]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@@ ;fpg @%÷#^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t !( 36gf:yn M tgx'F lhNnf k'sf{]6

uflj;–$k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ndh'ª lhNnf, rqmtLy{

uflj;–^, cNsf6f/afa'sf] gfd M d]3gfy s6\6]ncfdfsf] gfd M a;'Gw/f s6\6]nj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kfj{tL s6\6]n5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @ ÷)

ljj/0frqmtLy{ uflj;–^lgjf;L nLn/fhs6\6]nnfO{ )%* r}t!( ut] 3/af6 5f]/fljho;lxt sf7df8f}Fhfg nfUbf tgx'Fsf]afO{;hfFu/ ;}lgs r]skf]i6df lu/km\tf/ ePsf

lyP. pgsL kTgL kfj{tLsf cg';f/ pgsf] cj:yfTo;;dob]lv c1ft 5. kfj{tLsf cg';f/ ;]gfn]s6\6]n;Fu /x]sf] /sd ? *) xhf/;d]t lkmtf{u/]g. pgsf] kl/jf/n] g]kfn ;/sf/af6Ifltk"lt{sf] ¿kdf ? ! nfv / cfO{;Lcf/;Laf6 ?!) xhf/ k|fKt u¥of].

-!%_ t]haxfb'/ e08f/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))@ kmfu'g !@÷%^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; !^ 36gf:yn M ndh'ª lhNnf, a];Lzx/

uflj;–@ dgfª\u] rf}tf/fk]zf M ;fdflhs sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ndh'ª lhNnf, l;dkfgL

uflj;–#, enfdafa'sf] gfd M n]vgfy e08f/L

135


cfdfsf] gfd M ;fljqf e08f/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M nIdL e08f/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @ ÷ @

ljj/0fl;dkfgL uflj;–# enfdlgjf;L lzIfs ;+u7g;Fucfa4 /x]sf t]haxfb'/e08f/LnfO{ )%* k'; !^ut]sf lbgb]lv lu/km\tf/ul/Psf] xf]. pgsfkl/jf/sf cg';f/pgnfO{ ;L8Lcf]

lzjk|;fb g]kfnn] lu/km\tf/ ug{] cfb]z lbPsflyP. l8P;kL lktfDa/ clwsf/Ln] laxfg !!=#)ah] lx/f;tdf lnPsf lyP. t]haxfb'/nfO{lx/f;tdf r/d oftgf lbOPsf] lyof]. d]h/;Gtf]if l;+x 7s'/Lsf] lgb{]zgdf a]kQf kfl/Psf]atfOP klg cbfntn] dfu]sf] hfgsf/Lsf]hjfkmdf hjfkmdf t]haxfb'/nfO{ lu/km\tf/gul/Psf] / )%* k'; !& ut] l;dkfgL h+undfePsf] le8Gtdf t]haxfb'/sf] d[To' ePsf]hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof]. 36gfkl5 pgsf] kl/jf/sf7df08f}+df a:b} cfPsf] 5.

-!^_ b]j/fh kf}8]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!% r}t !@ ut]÷$! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%^ c;f/ # ut]36gf:yn M ndh'ª lhNnf, ;"o{kfn

uflj;–%, hLta];Lk]zf M s[lif, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ndh'ª lhNnf, lhtf

uflj;–(, ;f]tLk;nafa'sf] gfd M dl0fs07 kf}8]ncfdfsf] gfd M r'8fan' kf}8]nj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /fwfb]jL kf}8]n5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fhLtf uflj;–( hLta];Llgjf;L b]j/fhkf}8]nnfO{ )%^ c;f/ #ut] ;"o{kfn uflj;–(l:yt /fdrGb| lu/Lsf]3/af6 dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf k|x/Ln]lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf u/]

pgsf] kl/jf/sf cg';f/ pgsf] cj:yfsf] af/]dfxfn;Dd cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n]g]kfn ;/sf/af6 /fxt:j¿k ! nfv ?lkofF k|fKtu¥of].

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-!&_ s'naxfb'/ yfkfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))$ k'; !%÷%* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ c;f]h !^ 36gf:yn M ndh'ª lhNnf, a];Lzx/

uflj;–@, ;ftljz{k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M ndh'ª lhNnf, afemfv]t

uflj;–&, 8fF8fufFpafa'sf] gfd M wgaxfb'/ yfkfcfdfsf] gfd M ;/Ldfof yfkfj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;fg's'df/L yfkf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷#

ljj/0fafemfv]t uflj;–& 8fF8fufFp lgjf;L tyf Pdfn]sfo{stf{ Pjd\ k"j{ uflj; pkfWoIf %* jifL{os'naxfb'/ yfkfnfO{ )^@ c;f]h !^ ut]a];Lzx/af6 3/ kms{b}+ ubf{ g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{n] ckx/0f u/L a]kQf kf/]. pgsf]kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{:j¿k /sd k|fKt u/] klg /sdv'Ng ;s]g.

136


-!*_ /fhs'df/ l/dfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ sflQs !*÷!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! ebf} !!36gf:yn M ndh'ª lhNnf, v'bL

uflj;–*, 9ª\u}k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ndh'ª lhNnf, rl08:yfg

uflj;–*, ds}8fF8fafa'sf] gfd M ;Gtaxfb'/ l/dfncfdfsf] gfd M pvdfof l/dfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0frl08:yfg uflj;–*ds}8fF8f lgjf;L !(jifL{o /fhs'df/l/dfnnfO{ )^! ebf} !!ut] g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{n] ;]gfdf etL{x'g uPsf] cf/f]kdf v'bLuflj;–# af6 ckx/0f

u/]sf lyP. pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft /x]sf]5. pgsf] kl/jf/n] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ? ! nfv&% xhf/ Ifltk"lt{:j¿k k|fKt u¥of].


;+o'Qm ;/IffsdL{af6-!_ cg'k yfkfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( h]7 !* ut]÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ df3 & ut] 36gf:yn M :ofª\hf lhNnf,

k'tnLahf/ gkf–&, gfu8fF8f

k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf Pdfn] sfo{stf

:yfoL 7]ufgf M :ofª\hf lhNnf, ;]tLbf]efguflj;–&

afa'sf] gfd M a]baxfb'/ yfkfcfdfsf] gfd M l6sfs'df/L yfkfj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lx/fb]jL yfkf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ! ÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0f;]tLbf]efg uflj;–&lgjf;L g]skf Pdfn]sfo{stf{ cg'k yfkfnfO{)^@ df3 & ut] sf:sLlhNnfsf] kf]v/f pdgkfdfsfsfsf] 3/df hfFb} ubf{u:tLdf uPsf] ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{sf] 6f]nLn]

k'tnLahf/ gkf–& af6 lu/km\tf u/L a]kQf kf/].pgsf] xfn;Dd cj:yf c1ft 5. pgsf]kl/jf/n] s'g} lgsfoaf6 /fxt /sd k|fKt u/]sf]5}g.

-@_ /d]z e§/fO{ uf}tdhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* h]7 ( ut]÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* df3 !& ut]36gf:yn M ?kGb]xL lhNnf, a'6jn

gkfk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M :ofª\hf lhNnf,

>Ls[i0fu08sL uflj;–(afa'sf] gfd M /fd]Zj/ e§/fO{cfdfsf] gfd M k"0f{snf e§/fO{j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @ hgf

137

#=$ :ofª\hf


lgj]bgdfkm{t\ hfgsf/L dfu u/]kl5 pgn] :ki6hjfkm lbg rflxgg\. /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]ef]lnkN6 :ofª\hf lhNnfsf] efn'kxf8df le8Gtdfk/L 6ª\ssf] d[To' ePsf] ;fj{hlgs u/] klgkLl8t kl/jf/n] c:jLsf/ ub{} cfPsf 5g\. pgsf]kl/jf/ 36gfkl5 b'n]uf}+8f df5fkfgLdf lj:yflkteO{ )^@ df ufpF kmSof]{. kl/jf/n] lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 ? ! nfv Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt u¥of].

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-$_ xl/k|;fb 8'd|]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## k'; !% ut]÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* df3 $ ut]36gf:yn M :of8\hf lhNnf

sflnsfsf]6 uflj;–!, x'Nsfª

k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{

:yfoL 7]ufgf M :ofª\hf lhNnf, sflnsfsf]6 uflj;–!, x'Nsfª

afa'sf] gfd M nIdLklt 8'd|]cfdfsf] gfd M rGb|snf 8'd|]j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fsflnsfsf]6 uflj;–!lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ xl/k|;fb 8'd|]nfO{)%* df3 $ ut]kf]v/faf6 xjfO u:tLdfcfPsf] ;]gfn] 3/glhsaf6dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdflu/km\tf/ u/L x]lnsK6/df

r9fO{ kf]v/f nu]sf]df To; ;dob]lv pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n] g]kfn;/sf/af6 ? ! nfv Ifltk"lt{:j¿k k|fKt u¥of].

138

ljj/0f>Ls[i0fu08sL uflj;–(lgjf;L /d]z e§/fO{nfO{;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{sf] u:tL6f]nLn] a'6jn ax'd'vLSofDk;af6 sf]7fdf hfFb}ubf{ )%* df3 !& ut]SofDk; u]6af6 lgoGq0fdflnO{ a]kQf kf/]. pgsf]

kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{:j¿k ? ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-#_ 6ª\s zdf{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@& c;f]h @( ut]÷#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* df3 ( ut] 36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf, n]vgfy

gkf–!@k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

lgs6 dhb'/ ;+u7gsf ;b:o

:yfoL 7]ufgf M :ofª\hf lhNnf, lsrgf; uflj;–^, v}/Lsf]6

afa'sf] gfd M b'uf{bQ zdf{cfdfsf] gfd M dg?kf zdf{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cf/tL zdf{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ) ÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0flsrgfz uflj;–^v}/Lsf]6 lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbL lgs6 dhb'/;+u7gsf ;b:o #! jifL{o6ª\s zdf{nfO{ n]vgfygkf uugahf/df ljhok'/Aof/]sk'/af6 cfPsf];]gfn] )%* df3 ( ut]

lu/km\tf/ u¥of]. pgnfO{ z'?df km"naf/L Aof/]skf]v/fdf /fv]/ kl5 ljhok'/ Aof/]sdf nluPsf]lyof]. pgsf] kl/jf/n] ljhok'/ Aof/]sdf k'uLToxfF SofK6]g /Iff s];L;Fu kLl8tsf ;DaGwdf


g]kfn k|x/Laf6-%_ bLks l/hfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& df3 @ ut]÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* dª\l;/ @% ut]36gf:yn M :ofª\hf lhNnf jflnª

gkf–%k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M :ofª\hf lhNnf,

hute~Hofª uflj;–!afa'sf] gfd M ?Sdfut l/hfncfdfsf] gfd M uª\ufs'df/L l/hfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fhute~Hofª uflj;–!lgjf;L bLks l/hfn )%*d+l;/ @% ut] 3/af6ss{6kftf lng egL jflnªuPsf] a]nfdf lddL{df k'Ubf;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]lyof]. ;f] lbgb]lv xfn;Ddpgsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf]

5. pgsf] kl/jf/n] s'g} Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt u/]sf]5}g.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-^_ s[i0faxfb'/ clwsf/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@) k'; !* ut]÷#( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ;fpg @ ut]36gf:yn M :ofª\hf lhNnf,

bfl;{ª\ubxy'd uflj;–!, ao/3f/L

k]zf M ;/sf/L hflu/:yfoL 7]ufgf :ofª\hf lhNnf,

afg]yf]sb]p/fnL uflj;–!afa'sf] gfd M lnKtdfg clwsf/Lcfdfsf] gfd M ;/:jtL clwsf/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kfj{tL clwsf/L

5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fbfl;{ª\ubxy'd uflj;–!,ao/3f/L lgjf;L eO{ ;f]xLuflj;sf] j8f g+= & l:ytlhNnf hg:jf:Yo sfof{no:ofª\hfdf n]vkfn kbdfsfo{/t s[i0faxfb'/clwsf/LnfO{ )%( ;fpg@ ut] g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf

sfo{stf{n] bxy'd uflj;–& af6 laxfg !! ah]ckx/0f u/L a]kQf kf/]. kl/jf/sf cg';f/ckx/0fsf] s]xL lbgcl3 dfcf]jfbLsf b'O{ hgfsfo{stf{n] pgLx¿nfO{ uNofª ahf/af6 tNnf]uNofª ahf/;Dd df]6/;fOsndf k'¥ofpg eg]sf]/ pgn] ;]gfsf] 8/n] k'¥ofpg g;s]kl5 pgLx¿n]wDsL lbPsf lyP. ;fpg $ ut] jflnª gkf–*df 3/af6 lx8]sf] t/ efOsf]df gk'u]sf] a'lemof].xfn;Dd s[i0faxfb'/ clwsf/Lsf] cj:yf c1ft/x]sf] 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n] xfn;Dd s'g} Ifltk"lt{k|fKt u/]sf] 5}g.

-&_ /fh]Gb|k|;fb 9sfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% df3 !!÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )^@ kmfu'g @( ut]36gf:yn M gjnk/f;L lhNnf,

/fdgu/ gkf–!k]zf M ;z:q k|x/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M :ofª\hf lhNnf,

kmfk/y'd uflj;–#, lga'jfsf]6

afa'sf] gfd M lhjfv/ 9sfncfdfsf] gfd M lvddfof 9sfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @ hgf

ljj/0fkmfk/y'd uflj;–# lgjf;L ;z:q k|x/L ansf

139


xjNbf/ /fh]Gb|k|;fb 9sfn3/ labfdf hfg]qmddfgjnk/f;Lsf] /fdgu/gkf–! e'DafO eGg]7fpFaf6 laxfg &=!% ah])^@ kmfu'g @( ut] g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf dlxnfsfo{stf{n] ckx/0f u/L

;f]xL lbgb]lv a]kQf agfP. pgsf] kl/jf/n]xfn;Dd s'g} Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt u/]sf] 5}g.

-*_ kbdk|;fb ltjf/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) ;fpg ^ ut]÷#@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ sflQs * ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf 9f]9/L

uflj;, gofF ufpFk]zf M ;]gf:yfoL 7]ufgf M :ofª\hf lhNnf, k~rd"n

uflj;–!, c3f{bLafa'sf] gfd M wgklt ltjf/Lcfdfsf] gfd M /]jtL ltjf/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kljqf ltjf/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fk~rd"n uflj;–! c3f{bLlgjf;L /0f]Zj/ u'Nd,s';'d Aof/]sdf sfo{/tn]lkm\6g]G6 gfoskbdk|;fb ltjf/LnfO{ )^@sflQs * ut] laxfg (ah]lt/ alb{of lhNnfs0ff{nLk'naf6 g]skf

dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/L a]kQf kf/]. kl/jf/sfcg';f/ ;fbf/0f kf]zfsdf ;fdfg lsGg ahf/hfFbf s0ff{nL k'naf6 dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/]sflyP. kl/jf/n] /fHo jf cGo s'g} lgsfoaf6/fxt kfPsf 5}gg\.


;+o'Qm ;/IffsdL{af6-!_ Clif/fd nfld5fg] hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! ebf} !(÷!) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* k'; @$ ut]36gf:yn M sf:sL kf]/vf pdgkf–@,

ljGbafl;gL rf]sk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf:sL lhNnf l/efg

uflj;–&, kfy|] vx/]afa'sf] gfd M b]jLnfn nfld5fg]cfdfsf] gfd M zf/bf nfld5fg]j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fl/efg uflj;–& lgjf;L!& jifL{o Clif/fdnfld5fg]nfO{ km"naf/LAof/]saf6 uPsf] ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{sf] 6f]nLn]kf]v/f pdgkf–@ l:ytljGbafl;gL rf]saf6)%* k'; @$ ut]

lu/km\tf/ u/]. pgL e]8faf/L k|fljlws lzIffnolwtfnsf cg]/fl:jo' qmflGtsf/Lsf cWoIf /x]sflyP. pgsf] kl/jf/ ;f]wk'5sf nflu km"naf/L /ljhok'/ Aof/]sdf hfFbf leq k|j]z ug{ kfPgg\.pgsf] kl/jf/n] OG;]s nufot ljleGgdfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfx¿df ph'/L lbPsf lyP.pgsf] kl/jf/ sf7df8f}Fl:yt sfnLaxfb'/ u0fdfuO{ !& lbg;Dd wgf{ a;]klg s'g} pknlAw ePg.To;kl5 kLl8t kl/jf/ sf:sL, ndh'ª, kj{t,tgx'Fnufotsf sf/fuf/df k'uL ;f]wk'5 ubf{ klgtL :yfgdf gNofOPsf] atfOof]. pgsf] l:yltxfn;Dd c1ft /x]sf] 5. kl/jf/n] lhNnf

140

#=% sf:sL


k|zf;g, g]kfn ;/sf/af6 /fxt:j¿k ? ! nfvk|fKt u¥of].

-@_ cfgGb cfrfo{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ j}zfv !$÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M )%* d+l;/ @@ ut] 36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf, df5fk'R5]«

uflj;–$, ;/Lkfvfk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf:sL lhNnf, ;fbL{vf]nf

uflj;–!, e'h{'ªvf]nf afa'sf] gfd M b08kfl0f cfrfo{cfdfsf] gfd M nf]sdfof cfrfo{j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0f;fbL{vf]nf uflj;–! lgjf;Lcg]/f:jljo' qmflGtsf/LsflhNnf cWoIf @@ jifL{ocfgGb cfrfo{nfO{ kf6L{sf]sfddf df5fk'R5]«uflj;–$ ;/Lkfvfaf6)%* dª\l;/ @@ ut]:yfgLoaf;Ln] sAhfdf lnO{

;'/IffsdL{nfO{ va/ u/]. To;kl5 km"naf/LAof/]ssf ;]gf;lxtsf] ;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n]pgLx¿nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/L xfn;Dd a]kQf kf/].kLl8tsf cfkmGtn] km"naf/L Aof/]sdf ;f]wk'5ubf{ Aof/]ssf clwsf/Ln] ToxfF gNofPsf]atfOof]. kLl8t kl/jf/n] /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/cfof]u / k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf aGbL k|ToIfLs/0fl/6 bfo/ u/]sf] ePtfklg To; Aof/]sdfg/flvPsf] k|li6s/0f lbPsf] lyof]. kLl8t lhNnfk|x/L sfof{nodf /x]s]f eGg] ;"rgfsf cfwf/dfkfFr lbgkl5 3/kl/jf/ e]6\g uPsf] ePklgk|x/Ln] e]6 ug{ lbOgg\. kLl8tsf] kl/jf/n] lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{noaf6 /fxt:j¿k ? ! nfv k|fKtu¥of].

-#_ ;Gtf]if /fgfef6hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) ebf} $÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) kmfu'g ^ ut]36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf, n]vgfy

gkf–*k]zf M /fhgLlt -cg]/f:jljo'

qmflGtsf/L lhNnf ;lrj_:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf:sL lhNnf, sflnsf

uflj;–@, w|'jk'/afa'sf] gfd M 8Lnaxfb'/ /fgfef6cfdfsf] gfd M ld7"nIdL /fgfef6j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M & hgf

ljj/0fsflnsf uflj;–@ lgjf;Lcg]/f:jljo' qmflGtsf/LlhNnf ;lrj ;Gtf]if/fgfef6nfO{ )^) kmfu'g ^ut] n]vgfy gkfsf]lzz'jfrf]saf6 km"naf/LAof/]saf6 cfPsf] ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/La]kQf kf/]sf] lyof].

kLl8tsf bfh' ;"o{ /fgfef6n] )^) kmfu'g * ut]ljhok'/ Aof/]saf6 aflx/ nu]s]f b]v]sfePtfklg c;'/Iffsf sf/0f ;f]wk'5 ug{ g;s]s]fatfP. kLl8t kl/jf/n] ljleGg dfgjclwsf/jfbL;ª\3;+:yfx¿df vf]hlagsf] nflu ph'/L lbPsflyP. pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft /x]sf] 5.pgsf] kl/jf/n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6/fxt:j¿k ? ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-$_ cf]daxfb'/ tfdfªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% j}zfv !÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; @& ut] 36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf, Njfª\3n]n

uflj;–$, 7fF6Lk]zf M s[lif

141


ljj/0fn'Dn] uflj;–!, dfemufpFlgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbL;b:o !% jifL{of 6LsfljsnfO{ kf6L{sf] sfddflx8\g] qmddf )%* k'; !*ut] km"naf/L Aof/]saf6uPsf] ;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{sf]6f]nLn] ;/fªsf]6uflj;af6 lu/km\tf/ u/].

pgnfO{ a]kQf x'g'cufl8 s]xL ;do u08sLc:ktfndf /flvPsf] lyof]. pgnfO{ xfnsf;ef;b b'uf{ ljsn] )%* ebf}b]lv kf6L{df cfa4u/fPsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:on] atfP. pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd klg c1ft 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n] s]xL klg/fxt k|fKt u/]sf] 5}g.

-^_ g]qk|;fb a/fnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& c;f]h @^÷@# ut]lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflQs !( ut]36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf, e/tkf]v/L

uflj;–&, 8fF8fufpFk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

lhNnf ;ldlt ;b:o:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf:sL lhNnf, n]vgfy

gkf–@, c3f}{+ ahf/afa'sf] gfd M c0fgfy a/fncfdfsf] gfd M a'l4dfof a/fnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fn]vgfy gkf–@ c3f{} +lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLlhNnf ;ldlt ;b:og]qk|;fb a/fnnfO{e/tkf]v/L uflj;–&8fF8fufpFaf6 km"naf/LAof/]saf6 uPsf] ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{sf] 6f]nLn] )^)

142

:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf:sL lhNnf, Njfª\3n]n uflj;–$, 7fF6L

afa'sf] gfd M ;]t] tfdfªcfdfsf] gfd M l8ns'df/L tfdfªj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M l;h{gf tfdfª5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M &

ljj/0f Njfª\3n]n uflj;–$, 7fF6Llgjf;L @# jifL{ocf]daxfb'/ tfdfªnfO{)%* k'; @& ut] km"naf/LAof/]saf6 uPsf] ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{sf] u:tL 6f]nLn]3/af6} lu/km\tf/ u/La]kQf kf¥of]. kLl8t

kl/jf/n] vf]hlagsf nflu ljlEgg ;+3;+:yfdfph'/L lbP. kLl8t kl/jf/ km"naf/L Aof/]s,ljhok'/ Aof/]snufotsf :yfgdf ;f]wk'5 ug{hfFbf ToxfFsf sd{rf/Ln] cf]daxfb'/nfO{ ToxfFgNofOPsf] hfgsf/L lbPsf lyP. kLl8t kl/jf/n]lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 /fxt:j¿k ? ! nfvk|fKt u¥of].

-%_ 6Lsf ljshGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ sflQs !*÷!% jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M )%* k'; !* ut]36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf, ;/fªsf]6


;b:o:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf:sL lhNnf, n'Dn]

uflj;–!, dfemufpFafa'sf] gfd M anaxfb'/ ljscfdfsf] gfd M ljGb'dfof ljsj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt


sflQs !( ut] laxfg % ah] lu/km\tf/ u¥of].kLl8t kl/jf/n] 36gfkl5 kf]v/fsf] ljhok'/l:ytAof/]sdf uO{ ;f]wk'5 u/]klg ToxfFsf clwsf/Ln]pgnfO{ gNofOPsf] atfP. To;sf] Ps jif{kl5 Pshgf ;]gfn] kLl8tsf] d[To' ePsf] ;"rgf lbPsf]lyof]. c;'/Iffsf sf/0fn] klg pgsf] Jofksvf]hL ug{ g;lsPsf] kl/jf/n] atfP. a/fn;Fu}rf/ hgfnO{ Ps}rf]l6 lu/km\tf/ u/]df tLghgfnfO{ Ps jif{kl5 ;fjh{lgs u/] klg pgsf]eg] xfn;Dd cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/n]lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 /fxt:j¿k ? ! nfvk|fKt u¥of].

-&_ b]j/fh a:tfsf]6LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@) r}t ^÷$! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! df3 @# ut]36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf, kf]v/f

pdgkf–!), cf}Bf]lus If]qk]zf M /fhgLlt, clvn g]kfn

6]«8 o'lgog dxf;+3 lhNnf ;b:o

:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf:sL lhNnf, n]vgfy gkf–$, /fvL8fF8f

afa'sf] gfd M xf]dgfy a:tfsf]6Lcfdfsf] gfd M d]jf a:tfsf]6Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;Ltf a:tfsf]6L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fn]vgfy gkf–$, /fvL8fF8flgjf;L clvn g]kfn 6]«8o'lgog dxf;ª\3 lhNnf;b:o $! jifL{o b]j/fha:tfsf]6LnfO{ kf]v/fpdgkf–!), cf}Bf]lusIf]qaf6 )^! df3 @# ut]ljhok'/ Aof/]saf6 cfPsf]

;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{sf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u¥of].

pgsf] vf]hlagsf nflu kLl8t kl/jf/n]OG;]snufot ljleGg dfgjclwsf/jfbL ;+:yfdflgj]bg lbP. xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf ;fj{hlgsx'g ;s]sf] 5}g. kLl8t kl/jf/n] lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 /fxt:j¿k ? ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-*_ lzjk|;fb k/fh'nLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ sflQs @&÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; !* ut]36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf, k'DbLe'DbL

uflj;–!, sflndf6Lk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

lhNnf ;b:o:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf:sL lhNnf, n]vgfy

gkf–@, xl/ofnL 6f]nafa'sf] gfd M s[i0fk|;fb k/fh'nLcfdfsf] gfd M ;Ltf k/fh'nLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0fn]vgfy gkf–@, xl/ofnL6f]n lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbL lhNnf ;b:o @@jifL{o lzjk|;fbk/fh'nLnfO{ kf]v/faf6uPsf] ;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{sf]6f]nLn] sf:sL lhNnf,k'DbLe'DbL uflj;–!,

sflndf6Laf6 )%* k'; !* ut] lu/km\tf/ u/].kLl8t kl/jf/n] k/fh'nLnfO{ ljhok'/ Aof/]sdf/fv]sf] 5 eGg] hfgsf/L kfO{ hfFbf ToxfFsf] ;]gfn]yfxf 5}g eg]/ 7f8f] hjfkm lbPsf] kl/jf/n]atfP. kLl8t kl/jf/n] vf]hlagsf nflu lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no, sf:sL / ljleGg lgsfodfkm{tcfu|x u/]klg pgsf] cj:yf clxn];Dd c1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6/fxt:j¿k ? ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

143


:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf:sL lhNnf, l;Nb'h'/] uflj;–*, gf}8fF8f

afa'sf] gfd M lrGtfdl0f a/fncfdfsf] gfd M gGbsnL a/fnj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cg'?kf a/fn÷hd'gf

a/fn5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0fl;Nb'h'/] uflj;–* gf}8fF8flgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLlgs6 clvn g]kfnoftfoft dhb'/ ;ª\u7glhNnf ;lrj rdgnfna/fnnfO{ km"naf/LAof/]saf6 uPsf] ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] )%( ;fpg @) ut]

kf]v/f pdgkf–!# s'F8x/af6 lu/km\tf/ u/]. pgL)%^ ;fnaf6 ;+u7gdf cfa4 ePsf] /;+snsfn cl3 b'O{ k6s y'gfdf k/]sfdfkLl8tsL kTgLn] C0f sf8]/ w/f}6Ldf 5'6fPsLlyOg\. pgnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] tLg lbgkl5cfkmGtaf6 kl/jf/n] yfxf kfO{ km"naf/L Aof/]sdfuP/ ;f]Wbf pgnfO{ lu/km\tf/ gu/]sf] hfgsf/LlbOof]. bz}+df sf7df08f} hfFbf xg'dfg9f]sfk|x/Ldf cg';Gwfg hf/L /x]s]f a]nf ToxfFaf6a]kQf ePsf] k|x/Ln] hfgsf/L lbof]. To;kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 /fxt:j¿k? ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-!!_ lvdaxfb'/ u'?ªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@)÷#* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; !* ut]36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf, kf]v/f

pdgkf–!#, eb|sfnLrf]s

144

-(_ k|bLk vgfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ j}zfv !@÷@$lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflQs ! ut]36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf, kf]v/f

pkgkf–*, l;h{gfrf]sk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

;]gf Knf6'g sdf08/:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf:sL lhNnf, y'DsL

uflj;–%, :ofqLafa'sf] gfd M rGb|k|;fb vgfncfdfsf] gfd M /flwsf vgfnj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0fsf:sL lhNnf, y'DsLuflj;–%, :ofqL lgjf;Lg]skf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsfKnf6'g sdf08/ @$ jifL{ok|bLk vgfnnfO{ ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{n] )^) sflQs! ut] kf]v/fsf]l;h{gfrf]saf6 lu/km\tf/

u/]. kl/jf/n] s'g} klg lgsfosf] ljZjf;gePsf]n] st} ph'/L glbPsf] atfof]. pgsf] vf]hLu/] kf6L{n] g} u5{ eGg] kl/jf/sf] egfO /x]sf] 5.kLl8t kl/jf/n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6/fxt:j¿k ? ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

-!)_ rdgnfn a/fn hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!% c;f/ @%÷$$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ;fpg @) ut]36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf, kf]v/f

pdgkf–!#, s'F8x/k]zf M 8«fOe/, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

lgs6 clvn g]kfn oftfoft dhb'/ ;ª\u7g lhNnf ;lrj


k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf:sL lhNnf, ldh'/]8fF8f

uflj;–#, kUo"{afa'sf] gfd M dg/fh u'?ªcfdfsf] gfd M ?ks'df/L u'?ªj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;':ts u'?ª5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fldh'/]8fF8f uflj;–#, kUo"{lgjf;L #* jifL{olvdaxfb'/ u'?ªnfO{cfkmGtsf] 3/ hfFb} ubf{)%* k'; !* ut]] ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] kf]v/f pdgkf–!#eb|sfnLaf6 a]n'sf ^ah]lt/ lu/km\tf/ u/L

a]kQf kf/]. kLl8t kl/jf/sf cfkmGtn] pgnfO{a]kQf kf/]sf] b'O{ dlxgfkl5 dfq yfxf kfP tfklgc;'/Iff / c1fgtfsf sf/0f sxL+st} ph'/L x'g;s]g. kLl8t ufpFaf6 t?n / sf]bf]sf] lk7f] lnP/cfkmGtsf] 3/ kf]v/f uPsf lyP. pgL;Fu} uPsfgf]/h+u u'?ªnfO{ klg ;]gfn] ;Fu} lu/km\tf/ u/La]kQf kf/]sf lyP. pgsf] kl/jf/n] lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{noaf6 /fxt:j¿k ? ! nfv k|fKtu¥of].

-!@_ gf]/hª\u u'?ªhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@#÷#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; !* ut]36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf, kf]v/f

pdgkf–!#, eb|sfnLrf]sk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf:sL lhNnf, ldh'/]8fF8f

uflj;–#, kUo"{afa'sf] gfd M s0f{axfb'/ u'?ªcfdfsf] gfd M ;f]ddfof u'?ªj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kbddfof u'?ª5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷#cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M &

ljj/0fldh'/]8fF8f uflj;–#, kUo"{lgjf;L #* jifL{o gf]/h+uu'?ªnfO{ cfkmGtsf] 3/hfFb} ubf{ )%* k'; !* ut];]gfsf] 6f]nLn] kf]v/fpdgkf–!# eb|sfnLaf6lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/].pgnfO{ ljhok'/ Aof/]s

k'¥ofPsf] kLl8t kl/jf/sf cfkmGtn] ;'g]klg;+s6sfnsf] ;do x'gfn] Aof/]sdf uO{ ;f]wk'5ug{ klg c;'/lIft dx;'; u/L vf]hlag ug{;s]gg\. kLl8t ufpFaf6 t?n / sf]bf]sf] lk7f]lnP/ cfkmGtsf] 3/ kf]v/f uPsf lyP. pgL;Fu}uPsf lvdaxfb'/ u'?ªnfO{ klg ;]gfn] ;Fu}lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]sf lyP. pgsf] kl/jf/n]lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 /fxt:j¿k ? ! nfvk|fKt u¥of].

-!#_ k"0f{ kf}8]n hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* k'; @$÷#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !# ut]36gf:yn M sf7df08f}+ lhNnf,

sf7df08f}+ dgkf –!$, sflndf6L

k]zf M /fhgLlts:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf:sL lhNnf, kf]v/f

pdgkf–*, hfnkf/f]8afa'sf] gfd M u+ufw/ kf}8]ncfdfsf] gfd M df]ltdfof kf}8]nj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;fljqL b'/fcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

145


ljj/0fkf]v/f pdgkf–* lgjf;Lg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] eft[;ª\u7g cg]/f:jljo'qmflGtsf/Lsf s]Gb|Lodxf;lrj #! jifL{o k"0f{kf}8]nnfO{ )%* j}zfv !#ut] ;]gfn] sf7df8f}F dgkfsflndf6Laf6 lu/km\tf/

u/]. kLl8t kl/jf/n] kf}8]nn] 5fpgL Aof/]sdf/fv]sf] ;"rgf kfPkl5 ToxfF uO{ a'em\bf Aof/]ssfxjNbf/n] kf}8]n To; Aof/]sdf gePsf] atfPsflyP. kf}8]nnfO{ @) lbg hlt ToxfF /fv]sf] /To;kl5 ljhok'/ Aof/]s kf]v/f, afun'ª, ndh'ª,uf]/vf lhNnfdf nu]sf] kLl8t kl/jf/n] ;"rgfkfPsf lyP. e}/jgfy u0faf6 a]kQf kfl/Psf $(hgfsf] ;"rLdf klg kf}8]nsf] gfd pNn]v 5.kLl8t kl/jf/n] xfn;Dd s'g} /fxt /sd k|fKtu/]sf] 5}g.

-!$_ ;f]daxfb'/ ljshGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ j}zfv @(÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ @# ut]36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf, kf]v/f

pdgkf–!), xl:k6nrf]sk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

Onfsf sld6L ;b:o:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf:sL lhNnf, n]vgfy

gkf–!#, ;'s'Daf;L 6f]n, v'bLvf]nf

afa'sf] gfd M dgaxfb'/ ljscfdfsf] gfd M cf]ds'df/L ljsj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fn]vgfy gkf–!# ;'s'Daf;L 6f]n, v'bLvf]nf lgjf;Lg]skf dfcf]jfbL Onfsf sld6L ;b:o @& jifL{o;f]daxfb'/ ljsnfO{ cfkmGtsf] pkrf/ u/fpghfg] qmddf )%( c;f/ @# ut] kf]v/fpdgkf–!), klZrdf~rn If]qLo c:ktfnaf6

laxfg ( ah] km"naf/LAof/]saf6 uPs]f ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u¥of].kkLl8tnfO{ a]kQf agfPsf]hfgsf/L kl/jf/n]kf6L{af6 Ps xKtfkl5 yfxfkfPsf] eP klg c;'/Iffsfsf/0f tTsfn ;f]wk'5 ug{

;s]gg\. kLl8t kl/jf/n] )^@ ;fndf km"Naf/LAof/]sdf uO{ ;f]Wbf lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf ;f]Wgeg]kl5 ToxfF uO{ ;f]Wbf l/kf]6{ x]g{ ldNb}g eGb}kmsf{OlbPsf lyP. xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft/x]sf] 5. kLl8t kl/jf/n] lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 /fxt:j¿k ? ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

g]kfnL k|x/Laf6-!%_ xl/k|;fb kf}8]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## sflQs @&÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* dª\l;/ @^ ut]36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf, sf:sLsf]6

uflj;–^, kfd]k]zf M cg]/f:jljo' qmflGtsf/Lsf

lhNnf ;b:o:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf:sL lhNnf, sf:sLsf]6

uflj;–^÷bf]kx/]afa'sf] gfd M zflns/fd kf}8]ncfdfsf] gfd M t'n;L kf}8]nj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !)

ljj/0fsf:sLsf]6 uflj;–@lgjf;L cg]/f:jljo'qmflGtsf/Lsf lhNnf ;b:o@% jifL{o xl/k|;fbkf}8]nnfO{ )%* d+l;/ @^ut] j8f k|x/L sfof{noaf6uPsf] k|x/L 6f]nLn]sf:sLsf]6 uflj;–^

kfd]af6 lu/km\tf/ u¥of]. kl/jf/n] ljhok'/Aof/]sdf uP/ ;f]wk'5 ubf{ ToxfFsf sd{rf/Ln]

146


yfxf gePsf] atfP. pgnfO{ kj{t lhNnfsf]hª\undf nuL df/]sf] eGg] xNnf ;'g]sf] t/ k'li6x'g g;s]s]f kl/jf/n] hgfof]. pgsf] l:yltxfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n] lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{noaf6 /fxt:j¿k ? ! nfv k|fKtu¥of].

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-!^_ lvdaxfb'/ ;'gf/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@*÷## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^# c;f]h (36gf:yn M sf:sL n'Dn] uflj;–!,

dfemufpFk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf:sL lhNnf,

ebf}/]tfdfuL uflj;–&, s'O/]8fF8f

afa'sf] gfd M wgsfhL ;'gf/cfdfsf] gfd M ;Gtdfof ;'gf/j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M l8ndfof ;'gf/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^

ljj/0fn'Dn] uflj;–! dfemufpFlgjf;L ## jifL{olvdaxfb'/ ;'gf/nfO{j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf hfg]qmddf 3/af6 lg:s]/)^# c;f]h * ut]ebf}/]tfdfuL uflj;–#l:yt s'O/]8fF8fdf lbbLnfO{

e]6\g hfFbf ;f]xL ufpFdf ePsf] rf]/Ldf ;+nUg/x]sf] cf/f]kdf :yfgLoaf;Ln] s'6lk6 u/L )^#c;f]h ( ut] g]skf dfcf]jfbLnfO{ a'emfPsf lyP.To;kl5 pgsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] 5. 36gfaf/]g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] s]xL hfgsf/L lbPsf] 5}g.kl/jf/n] /fHo jf cGo s'g} lgsfoaf6 /fxtkfPsf 5}gg\.


;+o'Qm ;/IffsdL{af6-!_ s[i0fs'df/ >]i7hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ ;fpg $÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% k'; @(36gf:yn M tgx'F lhNnf, l/:tL

uflj;, kf]N6\ofªk]zf M /fhgLlt, cg]/f:jljo'

qmflGtsf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M gjnk/f;L lhNnf,

k|ultgu/ uflj;–#, k|ultgu/

afa'sf] gfd M gGbnfn >]i7cfdfsf] gfd M Ogb|dfof >]i7j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f k|ultgu/ uflj;–#,k|ultgu/ lgjf;Lcg]/f:jljo' qmflGtsf/Lsfs[i0fs'df/ >]i7nfO{ )%%k'; @( ut] laxfg # ah]l/l;ª k|x/L rf}sLsfk|x/Ln] tgx'F lhNnf, l/:tLuflj;, kf]N6\ofªaf6

lu/km\tf/ u/]sfdf xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft/x]sf] 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ? !nfv /fxt /sd k|fKt u¥of].

-@_ lhtaxfb'/ ljshGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# j}zfv @#÷#@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @) ut]36gf:yn M gjnk/f;L uflj;,

b'DsLaf; uflj;–%, tNnf]Hofld/]

147

#=& gjnk/f;L


k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{

:yfoL 7]ufgf M gjnk/f;L lhNnf, b'DsLaf; uflj;–%, tNnf]Hofld/]

afa'sf] gfd M nf]saxfb'/ ljscfdfsf] gfd M lgdf ljsj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M gv'n]s]f5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0f b'DsLaf; uflj;–%, tNnf]Hofld/] lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{lhtaxfb'/ ljsnfO{ )%%kmfu'g @) ut] lrtjglhNnf s;/f Aof/]saf6cfPsf] ;]gfn] ;f]xL:yfgaf6 lu/km\tf/ u/].

pgsf] l:ylt xfn;Dd c1ft /x]sf] 5. pgsf]kl/jf/n] xfn;Dd s'g} Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt u/]sf] 5}g.

-#_ a}hgfy rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ sflQs !^÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ j}zfv * ut]36gf:yn M gjnk/f;L lhNnf, dfs/

uflj;–$, ab{3f6k]zf M ljBfyL{, cg]/f:jljo'

qmflGtsf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M gjnk/f;L lhNnf cd/f}8

uflj;–&, cd/f}8afa'sf] gfd M rlGb|sf rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M s]jnb]jL rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f cd/f}8 uflj;–&, cd/f}8lgjf;L cg]/f:jljo'qmflGtsf/Ldf cfa4a}hgfy rf}w/L )^@ j}zfv* ut]b]lv dfs/ uflj;–$,ab{3f6af6 a]kQf ePsf5g\.

-$_ /fhs'df/ ljshGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( dª\l;/ !)÷!^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% r}t !( ut]36gf:yn M gjnk/f;L lhNnf cu|f}nL

uflj;–&k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M gjnk/f;L lhNnf

b]p/fnL uflj;–# lu?jf/L6f]n

afa'sf] gfd M g}gfl;+ ljscfdfsf] gfd M rGb|jtL ljsj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fb]p/fnL uflj;–# lu?jf/Llgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{ !^ jifL{o/fhs'df/ ljsnfO{ )%(r}t !( ut] sfjf;f]tLl:ytSofDkaf6 vl6Psf] ;]gfsf]u:tL 6f]nLn] pSt :yfgdf;fO{sndf lxFl8/x]sf]

cj:yfdf lu/k\mtf/ u/L nu]kl5 a]kQf agfPsflyP / g]kfn ;/sf/af6 /fxt:j¿k ? ! nfvk|fKt ePsf] 5.

148


zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-%_ kl/lIft /]UdLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* ;fpg #)÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} ^ ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8fF} lhNnf,

sf7df8f}F dgkf–(, k'/fgf] afg]Zj/

k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M gjnk/f;L lhNnf,

d's'Gbk'/ uflj;–&, xs{k'/

afa'sf] gfd M xl/ zdf{ /]UdLcfdfsf] gfd M tf/fb]jL /]UdLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f d's'Gbk'/ uflj;–& xs{k'/ lgjf;L sf7df8f}Fdgkf, k'/fgf] afg]Zj/l:yt Pk]S; sn]hdfcWoog/t kl/lIft /]UdLnfO{ )%( ebf} ^ ut]sf7df8f}F dgkf–( k'/fgf] afg]Zj/l:yt 8]/faf6SofDk;tkm{ hfFb} ubf{ ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u¥of].xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n]s'g} Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt u/]s]f 5}g.

-^_ tf]ogfy Gof}kfg]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))* ebf}÷%) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* df3 ! ut]36gf:yn M gjnk/f;L lhNnf

k|ultgu/ uflj;–@k]zf M lzIfs:yfoL 7]ufgf M gjnk/f;L lhNnf

k|ultgu/ uflj;–@ k|ultgu/ 6f]n

afa'sf] gfd M v8fGb Gof}kfg]cfdfsf] gfd M xl/dfof Gof}kfg]j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M O{Zj/L Gof}kfg]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!

ljj/0fk|ultgu/ uflj;—@k|ultgu/ 3/ eO{ uf]/vflhNnf vf]Knfª uflj;kf]v/fa];Ldf c:yfoL a;f]af;ug{] g]skf dfcf]jfbL lgs6a'l4hLjL kl/ifb\sf ;Nnfxsf//x]sf tf]ogfy Gof}kfg]nfO{

)%* df3 ! ut] ;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n] a]kQfkf/]kl5 g]kfn ;/sf/af6 /fxt:j¿k ? ! nfvk|fKt ePsf] 5.

-&_ /fh'/fd kf}8]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% sflt{s !$÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @* ut]36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf, kf]v/f

pdgkf–#, gbLk'/k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M gjnk/f;L lhNnf, dfs/

uflj;–!, ab{3f6afa'sf] gfd M 3ggfy kf}8]ncfdfsf] gfd M b'uf{ kf}8]nj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f gjnk/f;L lhNnf dfs/uflj;–! lgjf;Lcg]/f:jljo' qmflGtsf/LlhNnf ;b:o /fh'/fdkf}8]nnfO{ kf]v/fpdgkf–#, gbLk'/l:yt8]/fdf a;]sf] a]nfkm"naf/L Aof/]saf6 cfPsf]

;]gfn] )%* kmfu'g @* ut] laxfg !! ah]lt/lukm\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]. kf}8]n k[YjLgf/fo0fSofDk;df :gfts txdf cWoog/t\ lyP.kf}8]nsf] kl/jf/ k'Vof}{nL ynf] sf:sL lhNnf;Nofg uflj;–( emf]jfªaf6 )#) ;fndfgjnk/f;L a;fO ;/]sf lyP. pgsf] kl/jf/n]g]kfn ;/sf/af6 /fxt:j¿k ? ! nfv k|fKtu¥of].

149


g]kfnL k|x/Laf6-*_ l6sf /fgfef6hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* j}zfv $÷!& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% k'; @( ut]36gf:yn M gjnk/f;L lhNnf /tgk'/

uflj;–*k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M gjnk/f;L lhNnf

k|ultgu/ uflj;–# afa'sf] gfd M ;Gt axfb'/ /fgfef6cfdfsf] gfd M lnnfdfof /fgfef6j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fgjnk/f;L lhNnf k|ultgu/ uflj;–# lgjf;Ll6sf /fgfef6nfO{ )%% k'; @( ut] laxfg # ah]g]kfn k|x/Ln]] /tgk'/ uflj;–* cfxfn] ufpFsf]Ps 3/af6 sAhfdf lnO{ a]kQf agfPsf lyP /g]kfn ;/sf/ / cfO{;Lcf/;Laf6 /fxt:j¿k ?=! nfv !) xhf/ k|fKt ePsf] 5.

-(_ wd{/fh k/fh'nLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* sflQs @^÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% k'; @( 36gf:yn M gjnk/f;L lhNnf /tgk'/

uflj;–*k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M gjnk/f;L lhNnf ?rf8=

uflj;–( afpgy/ 6f]n afa'sf] gfd M df]tLk|;fb k/fh'nLcfdfsf] gfd M ld7\7' k/fh'nL j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kfj{tL k/fh'nL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0f?rf8= uflj;–( afpgy/ lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf kf6L{ sfo{stf wd{/fh k/fh'nLnfO{)%% k'; @( ut]]] /tgk'/ uflj;–* a:g] v]d/fh

kf]v/]nn] u}+8fsf]6 Ok|sfsfof{no sfj;f]tL–* sfOG:k]S6/wl/hk|tfk l;+ sf]g]t[Tjdf cfPsf] ;d"xn]lu/k\mtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfclxn];Dd hfgsf/L x'g;s]sf] 5}g . pgsf]kl/jf/nfO{ g]kfn

;/sf/af6 /fxt:j¿k ?= ! nfv k|fKt ePsf] 5.

-!)_ hfgsL /fgfef6hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( d+l;/ %÷!^ jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%% k'; @(36gf:yn M gjnk/f;L lhNnf,

/tgk'/ uflj;–*, cfxfn]k]zf M /fhgLlt, cg]/f:jljo'

qmflGtsf/L ;b:o:yfoL 7]ufgf M gjnk/f;L lhNnf,

k|ultgu/ uflj;–#, k|ultgu/

afa'sf] gfd M afns[i0f /fgfef6cfdfsf] gfd M dLgf /fgfef6j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f k|ultgu/ uflj;–#k|ultgu/ lgjf;Lcg]/f:jljo' qmflGtsf/Ldf;lqmo hfgsL /fgfef6nfO{)%% k'; @( ut] laxfg #ah] /tgk'/ uflj;–* af6k|x/Ln] lukm\tf/ u/L a]kQfagfP. Onfsf k|x/L

sfof{no sfjf;f]tLn] cfkm"n] lu/km\tf/ gu/]sf]bfaL ub{} ems{]/ hjfkm lbPsf] hfgsLsL cfdfdLgf /fgfef6n] atfOg\. pgsf] kl/jf/n] g]kfn;/sf/af6 /fxt:j¿k ? ! nfv k|fKt u¥of].

150


kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-!!_ ?kgf/fo0f yf?hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* k'; ^÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! d+l;/ #)36gf:yn M c3f{vfFrL lhNnf,

l;4wf/f uflj;–!, l;:g]vf]nf

k]zf M ;z:q k|x/L, xjNbf/:yfoL 7]ufgf M gjnk/f;L lhNnf,

sf]Nx'jf uflj;–%, rgf}nLafa'sf] gfd M ljZjgfy yf?cfdfsf] gfd M k|]ds'df/L yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f sf]Nx'jf uflj;–%, rgf}nLlgjf;L slknj:t' lhNnfrGb|f}6fl:yt ljGbafl;gL;z:q k|x/L u0fsfxjNbf/ ?kgf/fo0f yf?sf])^! dª\l;/ #) ut]c3f{vfFrLsf] l;4wf/fuflj;–! l;:g]vf]nfdf

;r{df uPsf] cj:yfdf le8Gtdf k/]sf lyP. ;f];dob]lv pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. pgsf]kl/jf/n] s'g} Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt u/]sf] 5}g.

-!@_ h'g ;f]tLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$# d+l;/ !$÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! k'; $ 36gf:yn M gjnk/f;L lhNnf,

b'DsLaf; uflj;–@, ;'g6f}8L

k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M gjnk/f;L lhNnf, w'sf{]6

uflj;–*, x'K;]bdf/afa'sf] gfd M b]paxfb'/ ;f]tLcfdfsf] gfd M km'ndfof ;f]tLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f w'sf{]6 uflj;–*, x'K;]sf]6lgjf;L h'g ;f]tLnfO{ )^!d+l;/ $ ut] b'DsLaf;uflj;–@, ;'g6f}8Laf6g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{n] ckx/0f u/Lnu]sf]df xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.

ckx/0fkl5 pgsf] xTof ePsf] kl/jf/n] ;'g] klgcflwsfl/s ?kdf k'li6 ePsf] x'g ;s]sf] 5}g.pgsf] kl/jf/n] cfO{;Lcf/;Laf6 ? !),)))/fxt /sd k|fKt u/]sf] 5.

-!#_ ;Gtf]ifs'df/ kf08]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* sflQs !$÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! c;f/ @^ ut] 36gf:yn M gjnk/f;L lhNnf,

/fdgu/ gkf–!, e'dxLahf/

k]zf M k|x/L, hjfg:yfoL 7]ufgf M gjnk/f;L lhNnf,

/fdk"jf{ uflj;–#, 5f]6sL;'g/L

afa'sf] gfd M rGb|s]z/ kf08]cfdfsf] gfd M rDkfb]jL kf08]j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f/fdk"jf{ uflj;–# 5f]6sL;'g/L lgjf;L lhNnf k|x/Lsfof{no gjnk/f;Ldfsfo{/t k|x/L hjfg;Gtf]ifs'df/ kf08]sf] )^!c;f/ @^ ut] 8\o'6Ldf/x]sf] cj:yfdf g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{n]

ckx/0f u/]. ;f] ;dob]lv pgsf] cj:yf c1ft/x]sf] 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n] st}af6 /fxt /sdk|fKt u/]sf] 5}g.

151



;+o'Qm ;/IffsdL{af6-!_ /fdkfN6' kf;L -nfx' kf;L_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( sflQs @%÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! d+l;/ !% ut]36gf:yn M ?kGb]xL lhNnf, af]bjf/

uflj;–#, a'rLk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

uflj; O~rfh{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ?kGb]xL lhNnf, af]bjf/

uflj;–#, a'rLafa'sf] gfd M g/]z kf;Lcfdfsf] gfd M kfj{tL kf;Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M rg/fjtL kf;L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0f

af]bjf/ uflj;–# a'rLlgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLuflj; O~rfh{ @@ jifL{onfx' kf;L elgg] /fdkfN6'kf;LnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf]cf/f]kdf ;]gfn] 3/af6lgoGq0fdf lnof]. o;cl3;]gfn] k6sk6s 3/df

5fkf dfg{] u/]sf sf/0f kf;L efu]/ ef/tdfuPsf] a]nf ef/tLo k|x/Ln] ;j]/t eGg] :yfgdflu/km\tf/ u/L )^! dª\l;/ * ut] a]n'sf ^ ah]g]kfn–ef/t ;Ldfgfsf] gf}tgjfdf g]kfnL

;'/IffsdL{nfO{ a'emfPsf lyP. ;'gf}nLaf6 a'6jnNofPkl5 kf;LnfO{ xfn;Dd a]kQf kfl/Psf]kl/jf/n] atfPsf] 5. pgsf] kl/jf/n]cfO{;Lcf/;Laf6 ? !) xhf/ /fxt:j¿k k|fKtu¥of].

-@_ o'j/fh kf08]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& c;f]h %÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @( ut]36gf:yn M ?kGb]xL lhNnf, sdxl/of

uflj;–@, dr{jf/ If]qk]zf M ljBfyL{, cg]/f:jljo'

qmflGtsf/L :yfoL 7]ufgf M ?kGb]xL lhNnf, b'w/fIf

uflj;–@, af;u9Lafa'sf] gfd M emljGb|nfn kf08]cfdfsf] gfd M t'n;Lb]jL kf08]j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f

o'w/fIf uflj;–@, af;u9Llgjf;L cg]/f:jljo'qmflGtsf/Ldf cfa4 @#jifL{o o'j/fh kf08]nfO{{kf6L{sf] sfdsf nflu?kGb]xLs} dr{jf/ If]ql:ytsDxl/of uflj;–@ af6;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n] )^)

c;f]h @( ut] sGxl/of uflj;–@ af6 lu/km\tf/u/L lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no NofO{ ;f]xL 7fpFaf6a]kQf kfl/of]. ?kGb]xLsf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/Lw|'j zdf{n] g]skf dfcf]jfbL–( afF;u9Lsf ##jifL{o o'j/fh kf08]nfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] lu/km\tf/u/L NofPsf /x]5g\, clxn] pm stf yfxf ePgegL hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP. pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd klg c1ft 5.

152

#=* ?kGb]xL


cfdfsf] gfd M ;'ldqf nf]wkTgLsf] gfd M d'w'gL nf]w5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷#

ljj/0fgGbgu/ uflj;–$ lgjf;L@% jifL{o >Lls;'gnf]wnfO{ )^) ;fpgdlxgfdf dfcf]jfbLn] %)xhf/ rGbf dfu]sf] / rGbfglbPkl5 5f]/fnfO{ ckx/0fu/L kf6L{sf] ;fydf lxF8fP.@)^) c;f]h ^ ut]

?kGb]xLsf] cfdf uflj;df ;]gfn] b'O{ hgfsf]uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] egL >Ls';'g nf]wnfO{lu/ˆtf/ u/L k|x/L sfof{nodf NofP/ Ps /ftPs lbg /fv]. ToxfFaf6 a]y'/L rf}sLdf k7fPsf]lyof]. j]kQf ePsf] va/ kl/jf/nfO{ !) lbgkl5lbOof]. kl/jfn] Ifltk"lt{ :j¿k lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 ! nfv /sd k|fKt u/].

-#_ t'n;L/fd e';fnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ k'; (÷#$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%* df3 @@36gf:yn M slknj:t' lhNnf s.]k'jf

uflj;–&k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL_:yfoL 7]ufgf M slknj:t' lhNnf sf]k'jf

uflj;–&, a}s'07k'/afa'sf] gfd M t]h'/fd e';fncfdfsf] gfd M pdfsnf e';fnkTgLsf] gfd M wgsnf e';fn -d[To'

eO;s]sf]_5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!

ljj/0fsf]k'jf uflj;–& lgjf;L#$ jifL{o t'n;L/fde';fnnfO{ @)%* df3 @@ut] /ftL ;}lgs kf]zfsdfuPsf !)÷!@ hgfsf]

153


;+o'Qm ;/IffsdL{af6-!_ s[i0f d'lvofhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& dª\l;/ !!÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%& dª\l;/ !!36gf:yn M c3f{vfFrL lhNnf

l;dnkfgL uflj;k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL_:yfoL 7]ufgf M slknj:t' lhNnf uh]x8f

uflj;–&, /fhfkfgLafa'sf] gfd M klt/fd d'lvofcfdfsf] gfd M OlGb/f s'dfn

ljj/0fuh]x8f uflj;–& lgjf;L @) jifL{o s[i0fd'lvofnfO{ @)%& dª\l;/ !! ut] kf6L{ sfdsf]l;nl;nfdf cu{vfFrL lhNnfsf] l;dnkfgLuflj;df uPsf] a]nf dfcf]jfbL / ;'/IffsdL{ aLrbf]xf]/f] le8Gt x'Fbf s[i0f d'lvofnfO{ 3fOt]cj:yfdf uf]?l;+x] lzjbn u0faf6 uPsf];'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L Aof/]sdf nu]sf]dfAof/]saf6} a]kQf kfl/Psf] xf]. pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft /x]sf] 5.

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-@_ >Lls;'g nf]whGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% eb.} !@÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h )^ 36gf:yn M ?kGb]xL lhNnf cfdf

uflj; k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL_:yfoL 7]ufgf M slknj:t' lhNnf gGbgu/

uflj;–$afa'sf] gfd M /fdx/s nf]w

#=!) slknj:t'


;d"xn] 3/af6 /ftL ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]df xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kl/jf/n]uflj;af6 d[To' btf{ u/fO{ )^^ ;fndf ? ! nfv/fxt a'‰f]sf 5g\.

-$_ gGbnfn rf}xfghGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ c;f/ #)÷@* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ r}t @%ut]36gf:yn M slknj:t' lhNnf

v'?x'l/of uflj;–$ k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M slknj:t' lhNnf

v'?x'l/of uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M a[h] nf]lgofcfdfsf] gfd M of]uHof]lt nf]lgofkTgLsf] gfd M sljtf nf]lgof5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fv'?x'/Lof uflj;—& lgjf;L gGbnfn rf}xfgnfO{g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf b'O{ dlxgf klxn];]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L sf/fuf/df y'gfdf /fv]sf]df@)^@ r}t @%ut] dfcf]jfbLn] ;b/d'sfd cfqmd0fug]{ qmddf h]nsf aGbL ;d]t eufPsfn] ;f]xLlbgb]lv a]kQf ePsf x'g\. sf/fuf/sf aGbLsfcg';f/ ;fF´df g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;b/d'sfdcfqmd0f ub}{5g\ eGg] xNnf ePkl5 ;]gf cfP/ b'O{hgfnfO{ nu]sf] atfP.

-%_ t'n;L/fd d/fl;gLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& ;fpg !$÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! h]7 !& ut]36gf:yn M ?kGb]xL lhNnf a'6jn

gu/kflnsf–% k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M xl/x/k'/ uflj;–afa'sf] gfd M 9'08L/fh d/fl;gL

j}jflxs cj:yf M cljjflxtcfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fxl/x/k'/ uflj;– ! xl/x/k'/ 3/ eO{ ¿kGb]xLlhNnfsf] a'6jn ax'd'vL Sofk;df cfO{P k|ydjif{df cWog/t @# jifL{o t'n;L/fd zdf{d/fl;gL cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ ;Fu cfa4/x]sf] / ;ª\u7g lj:tf/sf] qmddf )^@ h]7 !&ut] tTsfnLg zfxL ;]gfn] ;r{sf] qmddfa'6jnaf6 lgoGq0fdf lnPsf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn ;Dd c1ft /x]sf] 5. kLl8t kl/jf/n] /fxtk|fKt u/]sf 5}gg\.

-^_ gfl/Zj/ uf}tdhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!% k'; % ut]÷$# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! h]7 !& ut]36gf:yn M kfNkf lhNnf bf]efgk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{ :yfoL 7]ufgf M k6gf uflj;–% slkna:t'afa'sf] gfd M t'n;L/fd uf}tdcfdfsf] gfd M gv'n]sf]j}jflxs cj:yf M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lbns'df/L uf}td5f]/f÷5f]/L M @÷!cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fk6gf uflj;–% lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{ $# jifL{o gfl/Zj/ uf}tdnfO{ )%* ebf}! ut] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lgoGq0fdflnPsf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kfNkf lhNnfbf]efg uflj;df g]skf dfcf]jfbL / tTsfnLg;'/IffsdL{;+Fu ePsf] bf]xf]/f] le8Gtkl5 ;]gfn]lgoGq0fdf lnPsf]df xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft /x]sf] 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] s'g}/fxt ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

154


snjf/nfO{ @)%* dª\l;/!% ut] 3/af6 v/ sf6\gh+un uPsf] a]nfdfcf]jfbLn] h+unaf6}ckx/0f u/]sf] s'/f h+unuPsf JolStn] atfP.pgsf] xfn;Dd cj:yfc1ft /x]sf] ePtfklg

uflj;n] d[To' btf{ agfPsf] 5. ;/sf/n]d[tsnfO{ ! nfv lbg] ePkl5 kl/jf/n] d[To' btf{u/]sf x'g\.

-(_ xl//fd s'dL{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ sflt{s %÷#& jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)^!sflt{s # ut]36gf:yn M slknj:t' lhNnf wgsf}nL

uflj;–@k]zf M s[lif :yfoL 7]ufgf M slknj:t' lhNnf wgsf}nL

uflj;–@, dnjfafa'sf] gfd M /fd/Iff s'dL{cfdfsf] gfd M 1fgdtL s'dL{kTgLsf] gfd M pld{nf s'dL{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fwgsf}nL uflj;–@ lgjf;L#& jifL{o xl//fd s'dL{nfO{)^! sflQ{s # ut] g]skfdfcf]jfbLn] ufFpdfcfqmd0f u/L tLg hgfsf]xTof ug'{sf ;fy} s'dL{nfO{ckx/0f u/]sf]df xfn;Ddpgsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf]

5. kl/jfn] Ifltk"lt{ :j¿k lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 ! nfv /sd k|fKt u/].

-!)_ d':yfkmf bhL{ d';ndfghGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))* h]7 @)÷%$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if

155

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-&_ kbdk|;fb vgfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ ebf} $÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%(÷)^÷)#36gf:yn M c3f{vfFrL lhNnf hn's]

uflj;–#k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL_:yfoL 7]ufgf M slknj:t' lhNnf lzjk'/

uflj;–^, rgf}6fafa'sf] gfd M a'l¢/fd vgfncfdfsf] gfd M h'dfsnf vgfnkTgLsf] gfd M sdnf vgfn

ljj/0flzjk'/ uflj;–^ rgf}6flgjf;L @% jifL{o kbdk|;fb vgfnfO{ @)%(c;f]h # ut] nfdftfndf/x]sf] sfo{qmddf nu]sf] /To; eGbf klxn] 3/af6 !hgf ;b:o dfcf]jfbLdfhfg' kg]{ eg]sf]df

kbdk|;fbnfO{ nu]sf] / xfn ;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft /x]sf] 5.

-*_ /fw]Zofd snjf/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@) j}zfv !%÷#( jif{lnª\u M k'?i. 36gf ldlt M @)%( dª\l;/ !%36gf:yn M slknj:t' lhNnf u'uf}nL

uflj;–&k]zf M s[lif :yfoL 7]ufgf M slknj:t' lhNnf v'?x'l/of

uflj;–&, vfgvhfgLafa'sf] gfd M hgsk|;fb snjf/cfdfsf] gfd M lzjklt snjf/kTgLsf] gfd M kf?gL snjf/

ljj/0fv'?x'l/of uflj;–& lgjf;L #( jifL{o /fw]Zofd


ljj/0fl;l;{xjf uflj;–# lgjf;L/fs]zk|;fb ld>nfO{ @)^!k'; @) ut] g]skfdfcf]jfbLn] 3/df cfO{ s]xLsfd 5 egL 3/af6af]nfP/ ckx/0f u/Lnu]sf] / !)÷!% lbgu'uf}nL uflj;df /fv]/

a]kQf kf/]. pgsf kl/jf/sf cg';f/ xfn;Ddpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.


;+o'Qm ;/IffsdL{af6-!_ dLgf v8\sfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$# kmfu'g @# ut]÷!* jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^! c;f]h @% ut] 36gf:yn M slknj:t' lhNnf hogu/

uflj;–&k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M c3f{vfFrL lhNnf afFuL

uflj;–#afa'sf] gfd M Clif/fd v8\sf cfdfsf] gfd M n'sL{ v8\sfj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fafFuL uflj;–# cfN';fdf/] lgjf;L !* jifL{o dLgfv8\sfnfO{ uf]?l;ª\u] Aof/]saf6 uPsf];'/IffsdL{n] hn's] uflj;—$ 6fs'/faf6 )^!c;f]h @% ut] lu/ˆtf/ u/]. lu/ˆtf/kl5lzjbn u0fdf /fvL tf/]vdf 5fl8Psf]dfk6s–k6s u0fdf tf/]vsf nflu hfg] ubf{ )^!k'; !$ ut]b]lv a]kQf ePsL 5g\.

156

36gf ldlt M @)^@ r}t @% ut]36gf:yn M slknj:t' lhNnf tf}lnxjf

gkf–$k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL_:yfoL 7]ufgf M slknj:t' lhNnf rgO{

uflj;–!afa'sf] gfd M /xd"Nnfx d'';ndfg cfdfsf] gfd M hn]vf d'';ndfgkTgLsf] gfd M h}gd lgzf bhL{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷#

ljj/0frgO{ uflj;–! lgjf;L %$jifL{o d':ykmf bhL{nfO{@)^! kmfu'gdfdfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdflzjbn u0f uf]?l;ª\u]af6uPsf] ;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/u/L cftª\ssf/L P]gcGtu{t sf/fuf/ zfvfdf

k"k{Ifsf nfuL /flvPsf]df )^@ r}t @% ut]g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] lhNnf ;b/d'sfd tf}lnxjfcfqmd0f ug'{ k"j{ tf}lnxjf Aof/]saf6 uPsf];]gfn] uf8Ldf /fvL nu]. pSt lbg s]xL a]/ kl5cfqmd0f u/L dfcf]jfbLn] h]nsf aGbL eufPsflyP. pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft /x]sf] 5. t/;/sf/n] d[tssf kl/jf/nfO{ ? Ps nfv lbg]eg]kl5 kl/jf/n] d[To' btf{ agfP/ /fxt a'´]sfx'g\. kl/jfn] Ifltk"lt{ :j¿k lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 ?=! nfv /sd k|fKt u/].

-!!_ /fs]zk|;fb ld>hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& c;f]h ^÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! dª\l;/ @)36gf:yn M slknj:t' lhNnf l;l;{xjf

uflj;–#k]zf M s[lif :yfoL 7]ufgf M slknj:t' lhNnf l;l;{xjf

uflj;–#afa'sf] gfd M s'na'n ld>cfdfsf] gfd M d'6'/f ld>

#=!! c3f{vf“rL


zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-@_ lji0f'k|;fb clwsf/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ sflt{s @#÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%& h]7 @# ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}Fk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M c3f{vfFrL lhNnf x+;k'/

uflj;–@afa'sf] gfd M pbL/fd clwsf/Lcfdfsf] gfd M u+ufb]jL clwsf/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fx+;k'/ uflj;–@ bf]af6f lgjf;L lji0f'k|;fbclwsf/LnfO{ sf7df8f}F dgkf–!$ snª\sLaf6)%& h]7 @# ut] g]kfnL ;]gfåf/f lu/ˆtf/ u/La]kQf ePsf lyP. 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf kl/jf/n]lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no c3f{vfFrLdf ph'/L lbPsf5g\ eg] dfcf]jfbLaf6 /fxt :j¿k ? @% xhf/k|fKt ePsf] 5.


;+o'Qm ;/IffsdL{af6-!_ uf};/L las hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$%÷!% jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^) r}t & ut]36gf:yn M DofUbL lhNnf cy{'ª\u]


dfcf]jfbL_ :yfoL 7]ufgf M afUn'ª lhNnf af]afª

uflj;–(,kfvfy/ afa'sf] gfd M sfn] sfdLcfdfsf] gfd M k'gL ljs

ljj/0faf]afª uflj;–( lgjf;L !% jifL{of uf};/L ljs)%* ;fnb]lv dfcf]jfbLdf ;lqo /x]sL lyOg\.)^) r}t & ut] DofUbL lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfddfdfcf]jfbLn] u/]sf] a]gL cfqmd0fsf ;dob]lv pgLa]kQf ePsL x'g\. pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft/x]sf] afa' sfn] ljsn] atfP.

-@_ t]h]Gb| bnf{dLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ ;fn÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ !) ut]36gf:yn M afUn''ª, kf08jvfgL

uflj;, /d'jfk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M afUn'ª, dNd uflj;–!,

l5gafa'sf] gfd M r'8faxfb'/ bnf{dLcfdfsf] gfd M k'tnL du/

ljj/0fdNd uflj;–! lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ @$jifL{o t]h]Gb| bnf{dLnfO{ kf6L{ sfdsf] l;nl;nfdfkf08jvfgL uflj;sf] /d'jfsf] h+undf k'u]sf];dodf )^) d+l;/ !) ut] ;'/IffsdL{n] km]nfkf/]/ lgoGq0fdf lnO{ a]kQf agfP. pgsf] cj:yfclxn];Dd c1ft /x]sf] 5. kl/jf/n] /fxtxj¿k lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 ! nfv ?lkofF/sd k|fKt u/].

-#_ uf]/L ljs hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@) h]7 % ut]÷#( jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @# ut]36gf:yn M afUn'ª lhNnf

a'ªufbf]efg uflj;–&k]zf M s[lif :yfoL 7]ufgf M afUn'ª lhNnf

a'ªufbf]efg uflj;–*afa'sf] gfd M uf]kLnfn ljscfdfsf] gfd M /fd;/f ljs

157

#=!! afUn'ª


kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{ :j¿k lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 ! nfv ?lkofF /sd k|fKt u/].

-%_ b'uf{axfb'/ ;fxgL hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@) df3 @) ut]÷#* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g # ut]36gf:yn M ?kGb]xL lhNnf a'6jn

gkfk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL_:yfoL 7]ufgf M afUn'ª lhNnf xl6of

uflj; –#, 3':t'ªafa'sf] gfd M kxnl;+x ;fxgLcfdfsf] gfd M ltns'df/L ;fxgL klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M 8Da/s'df/L ;fxgL 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!

ljj/0fxl6of uflj;–# w'Dt'ª lgjf;L ef/tdf/f]huf/Ldf uPsf #* jifL{o b'uf{axfb'/;fxgLnfO{ )%* kmfu'g # ut] ef/taf6 3/kms{g] qmddf a'6jnaf6 ;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n]lgoGq0fdf lnO{ a]kQf agfP. a'6jnaf6 afUn'ªkmf]g u/L lx8\g] ;dodf a]kQf ePsf] kTgL8Da/s'df/L ;fxgLn] atfOg\. kl/jf/n] /fxt:j¿k lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 ! nfv ?lkofF/sd k|fKt u/].

-^_ /fdaxfb'/ ljs hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* df3 @! ut]÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; @& ut]36gf:yn M afUn'ª lhNnf leªlu7]

uflj;–!:yfoL 7]ufgf M afUn'ª lhNnf bln{ª

uflj;–@ljj/0fbln{ª uflj;–@ lgjf;L @) jifL{o /fdaxfb'/ljsnfO{ g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf )%* k';@& ut] ;'/IffsdL{n] lgoGq0fdf lnO 8]9

158

klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M xs{axfb'/ ljs5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!

ljj/0fa'ªufbf]efg uflj;–*7f8f:jf/f efn'jfª lgjf;L#( jifL{of uf]/L ljsnfO{dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf)%( h]7 @# ut] ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{n] 3/af6lgoGq0fdf lnO{ a]kQfagfP. pgsL lbbL k|ldnf,

5f]/L lbndfofnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] Ps ;fylgoGq0fdf lnPsf]df xfn;Dd cj:yf c1ft/x]sf] 5. kl/jf/n] k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 ! nfv?lkofF /sd k|fKt u/].

-$_ k|ldnf ljs hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!$ df3 ( ut]÷$% jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @# ut]36gf:yn M afUn'ª lhNnf

a'ªufbf]efg uflj;–&k]zf M s[lif :yfoL 7]ufgf M afUn'ª lhNnf sflnsf

gkf–&afa'sf] gfd M uf]kLnfn ljs cfdfsf] gfd M /fd;/f ljs klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M xs{axfb'/ ljs 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!

ljj/0fa'ªufbf]efg uflj;–&7f8f:jf/f efn'jfª lgjf;L$% jifL{of k|ldnf ljsnfO{dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n] )%(h]7 @# ut] ;f]xL uflj;–*7f8f:j/faf6 lgoGq0fdflnO{ a]kQf agfP. ljssf]

3/df cfuf] nufO{ lbP/ pgnfO{ nu]sf lyP.


dlxgf;Dd leduL7] l:yt ;]gfsf] SofDkdf /fv]sf]/ To;kl5 ljssf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft/x]sf] kl/jf/sf] ;b:on] atfP. kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ! nfv ?lkofF /sd k|fKt u/].

-&_ g/]z 5GTofn hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## j}zfv !÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) r}t & ut]36gf:yn M afUn'ª lhNnf tdfg

uflj;–( nfdd]nfk]zf M s[lif :yfoL 7]ufgf M afUn'ª lhNnf tdfg

uflj;–(, nfdd]nfafa'sf] gfd M 1fgaxfb'/ 5GTofn cfdfsf] gfd M rGb|dtL 5GTofn

ljj/0ftdfg uflj;–( lgjf;L@& jifL{o g/]z 5GTofn3/df ;'lt/x]sf] ;dodf)^) r}t & ut] b]lva]kQf eP. /ftLsf] ;dodf;'/IffsdL{n] ufpFdf u:tLu/]sf] / pgL ;'t]sf]sf]7faf6 a]kQf ePsfn]

3/ kl/jf/n] ;'/IffsdL{n] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf]atfPsf] 5. kl/jf/n] /fxt:j¿k lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 ?=! nfv /sd k|fKt u/].

-*_ lbndfof ljs hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ j}zfv !@÷!& jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @# ut]36gf:yn M afUn'ª lhNnf

a'ªufbf]efg uflj;–&k]zf M s[lif :yfoL 7]ufgf M afUn'ª lhNnf v'ªvfgL

uflj;–#afa'sf] gfd M xs{axfb'/ ljs cfdfsf] gfd M uf]/Lsnf ljs klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M e/taxfb'/ ljs

ljj/0fv'ªvfgL uflj;–# efn'jfª3/ eO{ a'ªufbf]efguflj;–& l:yt dfOtL3/dfuPsf] !& jifL{of lbndfofljsnfO{ )%( h]7 @# ut];+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n]lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf agfP.ue{jtL cj:yfdf /x]sLlbndfofsf] lu/ˆtf/ u/]s}

lbg b]lv cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] kl/jf/n] hgfPsf]5. kl/jf/n] /fxt:j¿k lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 ?= ! nfv /sd k|fKt u/].

-(_ uª\ufaxfb'/ k'gdu/ hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! dªl;/÷@* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7÷@#36gf:yn M afUn'ª lhNnf

a'ªufbf]efg uflj;–(k]zf M s[lif :yfoL 7]ufgf M afUn'ª lhNnf

a'ªufbf]efg uflj;–*, lnuf

afa'sf] gfd M j[ifdfg k'gdu/ cfdfsf] gfd M 5jlsnf k'gdu/ klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M vLds'df/L k'gdu/ 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fa'ªufbf]efg uflj;–* lnuf lgjf;L dfgl;s;Gt'ng l7s gePsf #) jifL{o uª\ufaxfb'/k'gdu/nfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf )%( h]7 @#ut] af]ªufbf]efg uflj;–( dgl;Nkm'ªaf6 ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf agfPsf] lyof].l5d]sLsf] 3/df uPsf] ;dodf lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf] /;f]xL lbg b]lv ;Dks{ gePsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:on]atfP. kLl8tsf] >LdtLn] csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf] /5f]/f ltns k'gdu/ dfjnLsf]df a;]sf 5g\.kl/jfn] /fxt:j¿k /]8qm; / lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 ! nfv !) xhf/ /sd k|fKt u/].

159


cfdfsf] gfd M tf/fs'df/L vqL klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M nfns'df/L vqL 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fa'ªufbf]efg uflj;–(lgjf;L @*jifL{o x]dnfnvqLnfO{ 3/ glhs}sf]v]tdf cfn' vlg/x]sf];dodf )%( h]7 @# ut];'/IffsdL{n] dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf v]taf6} lu/ˆtf/u/L eLduL7] Aof/]sdf

nu]. lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf] lbgb]lv g} a]kQf /x]sf] kTgLnfns'df/L vqLn] atfOg\. kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{:j¿k /]8qm; / lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6?=! nfv !) xhf/ /sd k|fKt u/].

-!@_ 9saxfb'/ a:g]t hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@% r}t÷## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @* ut]36gf:yn M afUn'ª lhNnf g/7fF6L

uflj;–!k]zf M s[lif :yfoL 7]ufgf M afUn'ª lhNnf g/7fF6L

uflj;–!, lrgfdnL afa'sf] gfd M lzjnfn a:g]t cfdfsf] gfd M 6Lsfs'df/L a:g]t klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M 5ds'df/L a:g]t

ljj/0fg/7fF6L uflj;–!lrgfdnLsf ## jifL{o9saxfb'/ a:g]tnfO{ 3/dfa;L/x]sf] ;dodf u:tLdfuPsf] ;'/IffsdL{n]dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ eGb})%* r}t @ ut] 3/af6}lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]. @^ lbgxl/rf}/ l:yt ;]gfsf] u0fdf

160

-!)_ s'naxfb'/ vqL If]qLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* c;f]h !% ut]÷#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @# ut]36gf:yn M afUn'ª lhNnf


a'ªufbf]efg uflj;–(, dg;'g l;Nkm'ª

afa'sf] gfd M /]jtLnfn vqL cfdfsf] gfd M tf/fs'df/L vqL klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lhts'df/L vqL 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷#

ljj/0fa'ªufbf]efg uflj;–(dg;'g l;Nkm'ªsf #! jifL{os'naxfb'/ vqL If]qLnfO{g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf ;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n])%( h]7 @# ut] uf]75f8\b} u/]sf] ;dodf3/af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQfagfof]. vqL;Fu} cGo kfFr

hgfnfO{ Ps} lbg lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf]df ;a}hgfa]kQf 5g\. kl/jf/n] /fxt:j¿k /]8qm; /lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 ?= ! nfv !) xhf//sd k|fKt u/].

-!!_ x]dnfn vqLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! sflQs @!÷@* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @# ut]36gf:yn M afUn'ª lhNnf


a'ªufbf]efg uflj;–(, dg;'g l;Nkm'ª

afa'sf] gfd M /]jtLnfn vqL


/fvL )%* r}t @* ut] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodfnu]sf]df xfn;Dd a:g]tsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf]5. kl/jf/n] /fxt:j¿k lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 ?= ! nfv /sd k|fKt u/].

-!#_ ;'/]z ljs hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M@)$) ;fpg !% ut]÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 )( ut] 36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf k]zf M /fhgLlt -cg]/f:jljo"

qmflGtsf/L, s]Gb|Lo ;b:o_:yfoL 7]ufgf M afUn'ª lhNnf sflnsf

gkf–^afa'sf] gfd M c0fsdfg ljs cfdfsf] gfd M d}gfs'df/L ljs

ljj/0fafUn'ª gkf–^ l9lsrf}/lgjf;L cg]/f:jljo"s|flGtsf/L s]lGb|o ;b:o@& jifL{o ;'/]z ljs )%*k'; $ ut] ljxfg 3/af6kf6L{ sfddf hfG5' eg]/lx8]sf]df )%( h]7dfbfªdf ;'/IffsdL{n]

lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf] lyof]. )%( h]7 ( ut] bfªsf/fuf/df /x]sf] eGg] ;'lgP klg xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. kl/jf/n] /fxt:j¿k lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{noaf6 ! nfv ?lkofF /sd k|fKtu/].

-!$_ eLds'df/L uf}rg hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!* c;f/ !) ut]÷$) jif{lnª\u M dlxnf 36gf ldlt M @)%* dª\l;/ !( ut] 36gf:yn M afUn'ª lhNnf tf/f

uflj;–!k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf dfcf]jfbL,

sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M afUn'ª lhNnf tf/f

uflj;–! afa'sf] gfd M bnk|;fb z]/rg cfdfsf] gfd M /]ds'df/L z]/rg j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M x]dk|;fb uf}rg 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M $÷!

ljj/0ftf/f uflj;–! lgjf;L$) jifL{of eLds'df/Luf}rgnfO{ u:tLdf uPsf];'/IffsdL{n] )%* d+l;/!( ut] 3/af6 dfcf]jfbLePsf] cfz+sfdf lu/ˆtf/u/L lhNnf k|x/Lsfof{nodf /fv]sf]df

)%* d+l;/ @& ut] sf/fuf/ rnfg u/]sf] lyof].)%* kmfu'g @& ut] bfh' z]/axfb'/ z]/rgnfO{lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf af]nfP/ lng hfFbfhdfgLdf 5f]l8lbP/ k'Mg lu/ˆtf/ u/]/ a]kQfagfof]. uf}rgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.kl/jf/n] Ifltk'tL{ :j¿k lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 ! nfv ?lkofF /sd k|fKt u/].

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-!%_ jflhGb| 3tL{du/ hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ c;f/ !) ut]÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* dª\l;/ !( ut]36gf:yn M afUn'ª lhNnf tf/f

uflj;–&k]zf M s[lif :yfoL 7]ufgf M afUn'ª lhNnf tf/f

uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M anjL/ 3tL{du/cfdfsf] gfd M l8nf 3tL]{du/j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @

161


ljj/0ftf/f uflj;–& lgjf;L @@jifL{o jflhGb| 3tL{du/nfO{3/df al;/x]sf] ;dodfg]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn])%* dª\l;/ !( ut]lgoGq0fdf lnP/;b/d'sfd nu]sf lyP.To;kl5 5f8\g] gfddf

cfkmGtnfO{ af]nfP/ x:tfIf/ u/fPkl5 k'gMlgoGq0fdf lnP/ )%* kmfu'g @& ut] b]lv a]kQfagfPsf lyP. kl/jfn] Ifltk"lt{ :j¿k lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{noaf6 ! nfv ?lkofF k|fKt u/].

-!^_ u0f]z s];L hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$$ h]7 %÷!$jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !@ ut] 36gf:yn M afUn'ª lhNnf

gf/fo0f:yfg uflj; k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M afUn'ª lhNnf /fªvfgL

uflj;–&, 8fF8fkf6f afa'sf] gfd M ljdn s];Lcfdfsf] gfd M gGbsnL s];L j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f/fªvfgL uflj;–&8fF8fkf6fsf !$ jifL{ou0f]z s];LnfO{ )%*j}zfvdf 3/af6} g]skfdfcf]jfbLn] af]nfP/h}bLaf6 kf6L{ sfddf eGb}nu]. pgLx¿n] ^÷&dlxgf kf6L{ sfddf nu]sf]

/ To;kl5 g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] sAhfaf6 ;]gfn]nUof]. afUn'ªdf ^÷& dlxgf /fVof]. kf]v/fdf

klg b]lvof]. To;kl5 s];Lsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft /x]sf] afa' ladn s];Ln] atfP. kl/jfn]Ifltk"lt{ :j¿k lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 !nfv ?lkofF /sd k|fKt u/].

-!&_ ;"o{k|;fb zdf{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@) c;f]h !! ut]÷#* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* df3 ! ut]36gf:yn M afUn'ª lhNnf sflnsf

gkfk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL, sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M afUn'ª lhNnf sflnsf

gkf–@, >Lgu/6f]n afa'sf] gfd M gGb/fd zdf{cfdfsf] gfd M gGbsnL zdf{ j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M h;f]bf zdf{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@

ljj/0fafUn'ª lhNnf sflnsfgkf–@ lgjf;L #* jifL{o;"o{k|;fb zdf{ 3/df;'lt/x]sf] ;dodf )%*df3 ! ut] ;]gf cfP/aflx/ lg:sg' tkfO{;Fus]xL a'‰g' 5 eg]/ nu]sf]]kl/jf/n] atfP. To;kl5

lhpFb} 5g\, cfpF5g\ eg]/ e'nfP. To;kl5 g]skfdfcf]jfbL b]vfpg hfFbf gbLdf xfd kmfn]/ d"To'ePsf] eGg] hfgsf/L 3/kl/jf/n] kfP. 36gf;DaGwdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo dfgjclwsf/;ldltdf >Ldlt h;f]bf zdf{n] ph'/L lbPsL l5g\.kl/jf/n] Ifltk'tL{ :j¿k lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 ! nfv /sd k|fKt u/].

162


kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-!*_ t'n;L/fd s“8]n hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* sflQs )@÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^!÷)*÷#) 36gf:yn M c3f{vfFrL lhNnf l;¢/f

uflj; k]zf M k|x/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M afUn'ª lhNnf k}o'F yGyfk

uflj;–*afa'sf] gfd M nIdLk|;fb sF8]ncfdfsf] gfd M a;GwL/L sF8]nklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fk}o' yGyfk uflj;–*d}bfg8f8f lgjf;L ;z:qk|x/L an sflnsf u0fdfn]kf6g kf]v/f b/aGbLeO{ ;z:q k|x/L antflnd a]z rGb|f}6fslknj:t'df sfo{/t @#jifL{o t'n;L/fd sF8]]nsf]

)^! d+l;/ #) ut] c3f{vfFrL lhNnfsf] l;¢wf/fuflj;sf] l;:q]vf]nf Onfsf tkm{ u:tLdf hfFb} ubf{dfcf]jfbLaf6 ;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{ dfly cfqmd0fePsf] / sF8]n x/fPsf lyP. rGb|f}6fdf ;z:qk|x/L pk/LIfs lblnkaxfb'/ a:g]tn] )^@ ;fpg@! ut] afa' nIdLk|;fb sF8]nnfO{ kq n]vL km]nfgk/]sf] hgfPsf 5g\. kl/jfn] Ifltk"lt{ :j¿klhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 ! nfv /sd k|fKtu/].

-!(_ lah'nLb]jL s“8]n hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) dª\l;/ @% ut]÷@@ jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^@ ebf} # ut]36gf:yn M afUn'ª lhNnf bd]s

uflj;–# k]zf M s[lif :yfoL 7]ufgf M afUn'ª lhNnf k}o'F yGyfk

uflj;–*afa'sf] gfd M 6Lsf/fd ;fksf]6fcfdfsf] gfd M efuL/yL ;fksf]6fj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M b08kfgL sF8]n 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fk}o' yGyfk uflj;–*lgjf;L tyf bd]suflj;–# dfOt ePsL @@jifL{of lah'nLb]jLsF8]]nnfO{ )^@ ebf} # ut]blnt o'js;Fu cj}w;DaGw /x]sf] cf/f]kdfg]skf dfcf]jfbLdf lgj]bg

lbPsf / ;f]xL cfwf/df g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] )^@ebf} !* ut] ckx/0f u/L ! jif{sf nflu >dlzlj/df k7fPsf] dfcf]jfbLn] atfP klg xfn;Ddpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kl/jf/n] /fxt:j¿klhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 ! nfv /sd k|fKtu/].


;+o'Qm ;/IffsdL{af6-!_ a]naxfb'/ If]qL hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ kmfu'g !% ut]÷@^jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* h]7 @* ut]36gf:yn M kj{t lhNnf kfª

uflj;–(k]zf M s[lif :yfoL 7]ufgf M kj{t lhNnf kfª

uflj;–(, l;bfnL

163

#=!$ kj{t


afa'sf] gfd M z]/axfb'/ If]qLcfdfsf] gfd M lnnfs'df/L If]qLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fkfª uflj;–( lgjf;La]naxfb'/ If]qL 3/dfal;/x]sf] cj:yfdf )%*h]7 @* ut] ljxfg $ ah]3/ 3]/f xfnL ljxfg %ah] g]kfnL ;]gf b'uf{bnu'Ndsf ;'/IffsdL{n]z]/axfb'/ /

a]naxfb'/nfO{;Fu} lu/ˆtf/ u/L v'sf]{6 uflj;dfnu]sf]df :yfgLo JolStsf] ;xof]udf z]/axfb'/5'6] klg j]naxfb'/ If]qLsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft/x]sf] 5. If]qLsf] /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]udfph'/L k/]sf] 5.

-@_ ;'/h lu/L hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$% kmfu'g !)÷!& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@÷!!÷)@36gf:yn M kj{t lhNnf lzjfno

uflj;–@k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M kj{t lhNnf lzjfno

uflj;–@, /f]x6]afa'sf] gfd M b]jfgGb lu/L cfdfsf] gfd M k'0ojlt lu/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fkj{t lhNnf lzjfnouflj;–@ 3/ eO{ ltnfxf/uflj;–^ l:yt lbbLsf]3/df hfFb} u/]sf] cj:yfdf;'/IffsdL{x¿sf] ck/]zg6f]nLn] )^@ kmfu'g @ ut]ltnfxf/af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/La]kQf agfPsf] lyof].

164

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-#_ 6]saxfb'/ dNn hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!* r}t @@ ut]÷ $# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! h]7 !@ ut]36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf kf]v/f

pdgkf–!) k]zf M s[lif :yfoL 7]ufgf M kj{t lhNnf n'+v'b]p/fnL

uflj;–*,vf]k afa'sf] gfd M nfnaxfb'/ dNn cfdfsf] gfd M nlnts'df/L dNn j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M hd'gfs'df/L dNn 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!

ljj/0fkj{t lhNnf n'ª\v'b]p/fnLuflj;–* lgjf;L sf:sLlhNnf kf]v/f pdgkf–!)/fdahf/df k]G;g lngsfnfuL kf]v/f uPsf]cj:yfdf )^! h]7 !@ ut]/ftL * ah]sf] ;dodfxf]6]ndf a;]sf] cj:yfdf

g]kfnL ;]gfsf] km"naf/L Aof/]saf6 uPsf] 6f]nLn]lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]sf] lyof]. ;]gfsf]Aof/]sdf k'Ubf Ps lbg a;]sf] egL hfgsf/Lk|fKt ePsf] lyof]. To;kl5 sxfF uPsf] s] u/]sf]v'Ng ;s]g.

-$_ clgn kf}8]n hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* ;fpg !@÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) kmfu'g ^ ut] 36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf kf]v/f

pdgkf–!k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M kj{t lhNnf 7"nLkf]v/L

uflj;–(,vf]/] afa'sf] gfd M bz/y kf}8]n


cfdfsf] gfd M u'dfb]jL kf}8]n j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fkj{t lhNnf 7'nLkf]v/Luflj;–( lgjf;L clgnkf}8]n k[YjLgf/fo0fSofDk; kf]v/fdf cWoogug{ uPsf] cj:yfdf clvnqmflGtsf/Ldf ;+nUg ePsf]cfz+sfdf )^) kmfu'g ^ut] km"naf/L Aof/]ssf

;}lgsn] kf]v/f pdgkf–! au/af6 lu/ˆtf/u/]sf] lyof]. kf}8]nsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft/x]sf] 5. kl/jfn] Ifltk"lt{:j¿k g]kfn;/sf/af6 ! Nffv ?lkofF /sd k|fKt u/].


;+o'Qm ;/IffsdL{af6-!_ cf]dk|;fb k'g hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! h]7 )@÷!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^)÷!@ 36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf kf]v/f

pdgkf–*k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M DofUbL lhNnf a/Ghf

uflj;–$afa'sf] gfd M kbd k'gj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fa/Ghf uflj;–$k'Vof}{nL3/ ePsf !( jifL{ocf]dk|;fb k'gnfO{ cd/l;+xrf]saf6 dhb'/L sfd u/L8]/fdf kms{g] qmddf )^);fn r}t dlxgfsf] a]n'sf& ah]lt/ ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{n] d':tfªrf]saf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L

a]kQf kf/]. pgsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] 5.

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-@_ lbnaxfb'/ yfkfdu/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@% c;f/ @!÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@÷!!÷)@ 36gf:yn M :ofªhf lhNnf

lrqe~Hofª uflj; k]zf M /fhgLlt - g]skf

dfcf]jfbL, hgd'lQm ;]gf_:yfoL 7]ufgf M DofUbL lhNnf a/Ghf

uflj;–@afa'sf] gfd M OGb«axfb'/ yfkfdu/

ljj/0fa/Ghf uflj;–@ kv]/ lgjf;L dfcf]jfbLsf]hgd'lQm;]gf l8lehgdf ;b:o @& jifL{olbnaxfb'/ yfkfdu/nfO{ )^@ kmfu'g @ ut]:ofªhf lhNnfsf] hf}jf/L cfqmd0fdf ;xefuL x'guPsf] cj:yfdf ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQfagfP. dfcf]jfbLn] eg] :ofªhf lhNnfsf] lrq]eGHofªdf ;]G6L a;]sf] cj:yfdf yfkfnfO{ g]kfnL;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]sf] atfPsf] 5.

165

#=!% DofUbL

$=! bfª$=@ Ko'7fg$=# /f]Nkf$=$ ;Nofg$=% ?s'd$=^ af“s]$=& alb{of$=* ;'v]{t$=( hfh/sf]6$=!) b}n]v$=!! 8f]Nkf$=!@ h'Dnf$=!# sfnLsf]6$=!$ d'u'$=!% x'Dnf

dWo klZrdf~rn


!+o'Qm !'/IffsdL{af6

-!_ lbnaxfb'/ sfdLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! h]7 !)÷ !& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* j}zfv !@36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf xnjf/

uflj;–(, /ftfkx/fk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf xnjf/

uflj;–(afa'sf] gfd M lrqaxfb'/ sfdLcfdfsf] gfd M lrqf sfdLcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fxnjf/ uflj;–( lgjf;L !& jifL{o lbnaxfb'/sfdLnfO{ )%* j}zfv !@ ut] xnjf/ uflj;–(/ftfkx/faf6 ;'/Iffkmf}hn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no bfªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF/fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@_ lul//fh kf]v|]nhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ j}zfv@(÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dlª\;/ !^36gf:yn M uf]j/l8xf uflj;–(,

e};]v'§Lk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf uf]j/l8xf

uflj;–&, 36}gLafa'sf] gfd M r'8fdl0f kf]v|]n

cfdfsf] gfd M OZj/f kf]v|]ncGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M &

ljj/0fuf]j/l8f uflj;–& lgjf;L !* jifL{o lul//fhkf]v|]nnfO{ )^) dlª\;/ !^ ut] ;r{df uPsf];'/Iffkmf}hn] uf]j/l8xf uflj;–( e}+;'v§Laf6lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbL cfa4 ljBfyL{;+u7g cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ sf sfo{stf{lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-#_ s]bf/gfy rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ dlª\;/ !% ut]

@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv ^36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf a]nf

uflj;–@, s6]j]?jfk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf a]nf

uflj;–@, s6]j]?jfafa'sf] gfd M cf]dd:t rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M s[i0fs'df/L rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;'ldqf rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M &

ljj/0fa]nf uflj;–@ s6j]?jflgjf;L @& jifL{os]bf/gfy rf}w/LnfO{)%( j}zfv ^ ut];'/Iffkmf}hn] ;f]xL ufpFsf]3/ 5fpg / sf7sf]sfd ug{ nfu]sf]cj:yfdf b'ln/fd

rf}w/Lsf] 3/af6 dfcf]jfbLsf] cfz+sfdf lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

169

$=! bfªkL8s /fHokIfaf6-;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{, zfxL g]kfnL;]gf / g]kfn k|x/L_


;f]xL 36gfdf rf}w/L ;lxt ;ft hgfnfO{;'/IffsdL{n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf agfPsf lyP.

-$_ 1fg' rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$# ebf} %÷!% jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; @& ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf a]nf uflj;–@,

s6j]?jfk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf a]nf uflj;–@,

s6j]?jfafa'sf] gfd M lhp/vg rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M ljigL rf}w/LcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0fa]nf uflj;–@ s6j]?jf lgjf;L !% jifL{o 1fg'rf}w/LnfO{ )%* k'; @@ ut] dfcf]jfbLsf]cfz+sfdf ;'/Iffkmf}hn] /fhk'/ uflj;–(jgsl§af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skfdfcf]jfbL;Fu cfa4 cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ sfsfo{stf{ lyP. ;f]xL 36gfdf ;'/Iffkmf}hn]pgL;lxt b'O{hgfnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQfagfPsf lyP.

-%_ lvdaxfb'/ k'ghGdldlt÷pd]/ M @))( ebf} !^ ut]

%) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv ^ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf a]nf uflj;–@

s6j]?jfk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf a]nf

uflj;–@, s6j]?jfafa'sf] gfd M ;xjL/ k'gcfdfsf] gfd M wgL k'gklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cd[tf k'g / d]rL k'g

5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷%cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M &

ljj/0fa]nf uflj;–@ lgjf;L %) jifL{o lvdaxfb'/k'gnfO{ )%( j}zfv ^ ut] 3/ 5fpg nfu]sf]cj:yfdf ;'/Iffkmf}hn] dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdflu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5.

-^_ wgL/fd rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)##÷ @^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv ^ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf a]nf

uflj;–@, s6j]?jfk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf a]nf

uflj;–@, s6j]?jfafa'sf] gfd M sfnL/fd rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M la:qL rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M dLgf rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fa]nf uflj;–@ s6j]?jf lgjf;L @^ jifL{o wgL/fdrf}w/LnfO{ )%( j}zfv ^ ut] ufpFn]sf] 3/ 5fpFb}u/]sf] cj:yfdf ndxL / x]lnsf]K6/af6 cfPsf];'/Iffkmf}hn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5.

-&_ pbo/fd rf}w/L -pb}/fd_hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@@ ;fpg !% ut]

#& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv ^ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf a]nf uflj;–@,

s6j]?jfk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf a]nf uflj;–@,

s6j]?jf

170


afa'sf] gfd M u+uf/fd rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M lzpklt rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M sflnd}of rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M %÷)

ljj/0fa]nf uflj;–@ s6j]?jflgjf;L #& jifL{opbo/fd rf}w/LnfO{)%( j}zfv ^ ut]ufpFn]sf] 3/ 5fpFb}u/]sf] cj:yfdf ndxL /x]lnsf]K6/af6 cfPsf];'/Iffkmf}hn] lu/ˆtf/

u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

-*_ k|]daxfb'/ g]kfnLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ r}t !% ut]

#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv ^ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf a]nf uflj;–@,


s6j]?jfafa'sf] gfd M ;f]dGt] bdfO{cfdfsf] gfd M /fwf bdfO{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M bLkf g]kfnL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)

ljj/0fa]nf uflj;–@ s6j]?jflgjf;L #% jifL{ok|]daxfb'/ g]kfnLnfO{)%( j}zfv ^ ut]ufpFdf al;/x]sf]cj:yfdf ndxL /x]lnsf]K6/af6 cfPsf];'/Iffkmf}hn] lu/ˆtf/


-(_ eLdaxfb'/ rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* ebf} ^ ut]

#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv ^ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf a]nf

uflj;–@, s6j]?jfk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf a]nf

uflj;–@, s6j]?jfafa'sf] gfd M ;Gt'/fd rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M ;'Gb/L rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;Ltf rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷#

ljj/0fa]nf uflj;–@ s6j]?jf lgjf;L #! jifL{oeLdaxfb'/ rf}w/LnfO{ )%( j}zfv ^ ut]ufpFn]sf] 3/ 5fpFb} u/]sf] cj:yfdf ndxL /x]lnsf]K6/af6 cfPsf] ;'/Iffkmf}hn] lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

-!)_ x/Lnfn rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@*÷ #! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv ^ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf a]nf uflj;–@,


s6j]?jfafa'sf] gfd M /fdnfn rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M b'vgL rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fa]nf uflj;–@ s6j]?jflgjf;L #! jifL{o xl/nfnrf}w/LnfO{ )%( j}zfv ^ut] ufpFn]sf] 3/ 5fpFb}u/]sf] cj:yfdf ndxLaf6

171


cfPsf] ;'/Iffkmf}hn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

-!!_ lgd{n /fjthGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) c;f/ @ ut]

!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; @ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf ;f]gk'/

uflj;–^, ;'g8j/Lk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf uf]j/l8of

uflj;–(, ;'k}ofafa'sf] gfd M lji0f'axfb'/ /fjtcfdfsf] gfd M lhjfb]jL /fjtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /f]if0fL /fjtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fuf]j/l8xf uflj;–( lgjf;L !* jifL[o lgd{n

/fjtnfO{ @)%* k'; @ut] dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdfndxLaf6 uPsf];'/Iffkmf}hn] ;f]gk'/uflj;–^ ;'g8u/Laf6lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. pgL g]skf

dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no bfªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF/fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@_ /f]zgL yfkf If]qLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* r}t ^ ut]

@! jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 ( ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf a]nf

uflj;–$, a]nf hª\unk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf wgf}/L

uflj;–&, v}/]gLafa'sf] gfd M d'/nLdgf]x/ yfkf If]qLcfdfsf] gfd M ljdnf yfkf If]qLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lgd{n /fjt

ljj/0fwgf}6L uflj;–& v}/]gL lgjf;L @! jifL{o /f]zgL

yfkf If]qLnfO{ )%( h]7( ut] dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf ;+o'Qm;'/Iffkmf}hn] a]nf uflj;a]nfsf] hª\unaf6lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. pgL g]skf

dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gf lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no bfªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF/fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!#_ uLtf 3tL{du/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! ;fpg ! ut]

!& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !) ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf u9jf

uflj;–(, rGbgk'/k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf uf]j/l8xf

uflj;–(, ;'k}nfafa'sf] gfd M lhtaxfb'/ 3tL{du/cfdfsf] gfd M uf}dtL 3tL{du/cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M *

ljj/0fuf]j/l8of uflj;–(;'k}nf lgjf;L dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ !& jifL{o uLtf3tL{du/nfO{ )%*kmfu'g !) ut];'/Iffkmf}hn] u9jfuflj;–( rGbgk'/af6

172


lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ lyP.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!$_ dfof rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! k'; ( ut]

!& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* h]7 @# ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhnnf a]nf uflj;k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf uf]j/l8xf

uflj;–*afa'sf] gfd M e/t rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M bzx/L rf}w/LcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M *

ljj/0fuf]j/l8of uflj;–* lgjf;L !& jifL{of dfof

rf}w/LnfO{ )%* h]7 @#ut] lbpF;f] ;r{df uPsf];'/IffsdL{n] a]nfaf6lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. pgL g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{lyP.

-!%_ anb]j rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( sflt{s !% ut]÷

!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; @ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf ;f]gk'/

uflj;–@, ;'g8j/Lk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf uf]j/l8xf

uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M nId0f rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M k'tnL rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fuf]j/l8xf uflj;–&lgjf;L !( jifL{o anb]jrf}w/LnfO{ @)%* k'; @ut] dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf ;'/Iffkmf}hn];f]gk'/ uflj;– @ af6lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd

c1ft 5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ lyP.

-!^_ dfgaxfb'/ rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#!÷ @* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( dlª\;/ !! ut]36gf:yn M afFs] lhnnf g]kfnu~h

gkfk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf uf]n6fs'/L

uflj;–$afa'sf] gfd M u'/Lnfn rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M j;GtL rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M k'mnklt rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0fuf]N6fs'/L uflj;–$ lgjf;L #! jifL{o dfgaxfb'/rf}w/LnfO{ @)%( dlª\;/ !! ut] g]kfnu~hsf];'/Iffkmf}hn] g]kfnu~haf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgLg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ lyP.

zfxL g]kfnL !]gfaf6

-!&_ vf]kL/fd rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ h]7 $÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !!36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf p/x/L

uflj;–#

173


k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf p/x/L

uflj;–#, p/x/Lafa'sf] gfd M lvdnfn rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M ?GrL rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M nIdL rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fp/x/L uflj;–# lgjf;L@# jifL{o vf]kL/fdrf}w/LnfO{ )%( j}zfv!! ut] t'N;Lk'/Jof/]saf6 uPsf] ;]gfn]3/df a;l/x]sf]cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbLsf]cfz+sfdf lu/ˆtf/ u/L

nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!*_ ?saxfb'/ k'gdu/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% r}t ^÷ @# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* dlª\;/ @%36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf l;phf

uflj;–$, af]emkf]v/fk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf l;phf

uflj;–&, vf/fafa'sf] gfd M rfnl;+x k'gcfdfsf] gfd M lxdfb]jL k'gcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0fl;phf uflj;–$ vf/f lgjf;L ?saxfb'/k'gdu/sf] )%* dlª\;/ @% ut] ;f]xL uflj;–$af]emkf]v/faf6 ;]gfx¿n] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ lyP.

-!(_ /]zd 3tL{hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^÷ ## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @# ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf ljhf}/L

uflj;–^, bf]w/]k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf ljhf}/L

uflj;–^, bf]w/]afa'sf] gfd M lgj{kfn 3tL{cfdfsf] gfd M cfOtL 3tL{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M bf];|f] ljjfx u/]sf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0flahf}/L uflj;–^ bf]w/] lgjf;L ## jifL{o /]zd3tL{nfO{ )%( h]7 @# ut] dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdft'lN;k'/af6 cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] 3/af6}lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-@)_ 8]a/] rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& r}t !%÷ @@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%(36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf xnjf/

uflj;–#, xnjf/ k;]{gLk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf xnjf/

uflj;–#afa'sf] gfd M afw' rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M ;f]dtL rf}w/LcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^

ljj/0fxnjf/ uflj;–# lgjf;L @@ jifL{o 8]a/]rf}w/LnfO{ )%( ;fndf t'N;Lk'/af6 cfPsf];]gfn] xnjf/ uflj;–# k;]{gLaf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL

174


g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{ lyP. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no bfªn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?k}ofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@!_ /]jtL rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! c;f]h (÷ !( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dlª\;/ (36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf uf]j/l8xf

uflj;–(, ;'j}ofk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf ;f]gk'/

uflj;–$cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M &

ljj/0f;f]gk'/ uflj;–$ lgjf;L !( jifL{o /]jtLrf}w/LnfO{ )^) dlª\;/ ( ut] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn]uf]j/l8xf uflj;–( af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no bfªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF/fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@@_ lbnaxfb'/ ljshGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ c;f/ ^÷ @@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; !# ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf, sk'/sf]6:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf xnjf/

uflj;–(afa'sf] gfd M r]taxfb'/ ljscfdfsf] gfd M dfOtL ljs

ljj/0fxnjf/ uflj;–( lgjf;L @@ jifL{o lbnaxfb'/ljsnfO{ )%* k'; !# ut] sk'/sf]6 ;Nofgsf;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5.

-@#_ afa'/fd rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$!÷ !* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf xfk'/

uflj;–$, k/]gLk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf lahf}/L

uflj;–^, xfl8d]afa'sf] gfd M dfw'/fd rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M km';gL rf}w/LcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0flahf}/L uflj;–^ lgjf;L!* jifL{o afa'/fdrf}w/LnfO{ )%( h]7 @ut] 3f]/fxLaf6 cfPsf]zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] xfk'/uflj;–$ k/]gLaf6lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd

c1ft 5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbL ;Da4cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ sf sfo{stf{ lyP.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@$_ 3gZofd rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ j}zfv !#÷ ## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 # ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf ;tjl/of

uflj;–&, ljh'nLk'/k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf ;tjl/of

uflj;–& lah'nLk'/afa'sf] gfd M hgsnfn rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M uf]uL rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M 3gf l8;L / x'df l8;LcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M &

175


ljj/0f;tj/Lof uflj;–&ljh'nLk'/ lgjf;L ##jifL{o 3gZofdrf}w/LnfO{ )%( h]7 #ut] laxfg ( ah]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdfch'{gvf]nf a];SofDkaf6 cfPsf] zfxL

g]kfnL ;]gfn] 3/af6} lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8tsf]kl/jf/ @)^@ j}zfv !@ ut] sf7df8f}+dflj:yflkt ePsf]df )^$ r}t @* ut] cfˆg}ufpFdf k'g:yf{lkt ePsf 5g\.

-@%_ /3'klt rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)!*÷ $) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @* ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf dfgk'/

uflj;–#, dhufpFk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf dfgk'/

uflj;–#, huufpFafa'sf] gfd M ltns/fd rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M s'df/L rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M 5ln rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0fdfgk'/ uflj;–# huufpF $) jifL{o /3'kltrf}w/LnfO{ )%* r}t @* ut] t'lN;k'/af cfPsf]zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdflu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-@^_ gGbaxfb'/ s]=;LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& ;fpg @! ut]

!( jif{

lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( kmfu'g !) ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf u9jf

uflj;–(, rGbgk'/k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf uf]j/l8xf

uflj;–(, ;'k}ofafa'sf] gfd M b08jL/ s];Lcfdfsf] gfd M v8ss'df/L s];Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0fuf]a/l8of uflj;–( ;'k}nf lgjf;L !( jifL{o

gGbaxfb'/ s];LnfO{ )%(kmfu'g !) ut] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfn] u9jfuflj;sf] rGbgk'/af6lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. pgL g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{

lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-@&_ xl//fd rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#*÷ @! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]736gf:yn M bfª lhNnf t'n;Lk'/

gkf–%k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf x]s'nL

uflj;–#, lrgfgk'/afa'sf] gfd M df]xgnfn rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M 7ugL rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M k|dLnf rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

176


ljj/0fx]s'nL uflj;– sf @!jifL{o xl//fd rf}w/LnfO{)%( h]7 @( ut]t'N;Lk'/df dn lsGg hfFb}ubf{ dfcf]jfbLsf]cfz+sfdf zfxL g]kfnL;]gfn] t'lN;k'/sf]bfw/]af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L

nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no bfªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@*_ 56snfn rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@*÷ #) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g # ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf t'lN;k'/

gkf–%:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf x]s'nL

uflj;–#, /fjtufpFafa'sf] gfd M ¿knfn rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;'gs'df/L rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fx]s'nL uflj;–#/fjtufpFsf #) jifL{o56snfn rf}w/LnfO{@)%* kmfu'g # ut]dfcf]jfbLsf] cfz+sfdf;]gfn] t'lN;k'/ gkf–%af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf

xfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@(_ /fdaxfb'/ rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$)÷ !( jif{lnª\u M k'?if

36gf ldlt M @)%( h]736gf:yn M bfª lhNnf t'n;Lk'/

gkf–%k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf x]s'nL

uflj;–#, lrgfgk'/afa'sf] gfd M dGs' rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M nxLof rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0fx]s'nL uflj;–#lrgfgk'/sf !( jifL{o/fdaxfb'/ rf}w/LnfO{@)%( h]7 @( ut] dnlsGg uPsf] ;dodfdfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf;]gfn] t'lN;k'/ gkf–%af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L


-#)_ lj/h' rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ df3 !% ut]

@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t !( ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf 3f]/fxL

gkf– !)k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf 3f]/fxL

gkf–@, kr'vf{afa'sf] gfd M na¿ rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M lhpgL rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M s[i0fL rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M (

177


ljj/0flqe'jg gkf–@ kr'vflgjf;L @@ jifL{o lj/h'rf}w/LnfO{ @)%* r}t!( ut] lbpF;f] b"/;~rf/sfof{no 3f]/fxL6]lnkmf]gsf] ljn a'emfpg]qmddf ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]

cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no bfªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF/fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#!_ lx/fnfn e08f/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#!÷ @* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !% ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf t'lN;k'/gkf–%k]zf M Jofkf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf km'naf/L

uflj;, a/a/Lofafa'sf] gfd M lvdnfn e08f/Lcfdfsf] gfd M nnLtf e08f/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M 6Lsf e08f/LcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M &

ljj/0fkm'naf/L uflj; a/algoflgjf;L #) jifL{olx/fnfn e08f/LnfO{@)%( j}zfv !% ut]t'lN;k'/df 8]/fdfal;/x]sf] cj:yfdfe}/ju0f t'lN;k'/af6u:tLdf cfPsf] ;]gfn]

lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf k"j{ sfo{stf{lyP.

-#@_ sf]b'nfn rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)!$÷ $^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dlª\;/ !( ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf lahf}/L

uflj;–*k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf lahf}/L

uflj;–*, af;u9Lafa'sf] gfd M sGb' rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M d':of rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ljif/fdL rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0flahf}/L uflj;–*af;u9L lgjf;L $^jifL{o sf]b'nfn rf}w/LnfO{@)%* dlª\;/ !( ut]t'lN;k'/af6 cfPsf] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfn]dfcf]jfbLsf] cfz+sfdf3/af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L


-##_ /fdk'/f 3tL{hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$)÷ !( jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( dlª\;/ !# ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf 3f]/fxL gkf–*k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf 3f]/fxL

gkf–*, a8x/fafa'sf] gfd M s]zaxfb'/ 3tL{cfdfsf] gfd M elQmb]jL 3tL{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

178


ljj/0f3f]/fxL gkf–* a8x/flgjf;L !( jifL{o /fdk'/f3tL{nfO{ )%( dª\l;/ !#ut] laxfg 3f]/fxLJof/]saf6 cfPsf] ;]gfn]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf3/}af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf

xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm;]gfsf ;b:o lyP.

-#$_ dfwj e08f/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@@ ;fpg !@ ut]÷

#^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* j}zfv !& ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf dfgk'/ uflj;k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf >LufpF

uflj;–$, k;{xjfafa'sf] gfd M ?b|lj/ e08f/Lcfdfsf] gfd M elj e08f/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lnnf e08f/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷$cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0f>LufpF uflj;–$ lgjf;L #^ jifL{o dfwje08f/LnfO{ @)%* j}zfv !7 ut] dfgk'/ uflj;s;l/ofaf6 3/ kms{g] qmddf t'lN;k'/sf]Po/kf]6{df /x]sf] ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL;j{;fwf/0f lyP.

-#%_ z/b rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) j}zfv * ut]

!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @ ut]

36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf gf/fo0fk'/ uflj;–(

k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf ljhf}/l

uflj;–^, xfl8d]afa'sf] gfd M 3'dnfn rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M nIdL rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ljjflxt5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^

ljj/0flahf}/L uflj;–^ lgjf;L!( jifL{o z/brf}w/LnfO{ @)%( h]7 @ut] 3f]/fxLsf] a/vu0fJof/]saf6 uPsf] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfn] gf/fo0fk'/

uflj;sf] k/]gL eGg] 7fpFaf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgLg]skf dfcf]jfbL ;Da4 cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_sf sfo{stf{ lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#^_ jL/axfb'/ yfkfhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$)÷ !( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !%36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf ljhf}/L

uflj;–*k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf ljhf}/L

uflj;–*afa'sf] gfd M /fdaxfb'/ yfkfcfdfsf] gfd M ;'zLnf yfkfklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^

179


ljj/0fljhf}/L uflj;–* lgjf;L!( jifL{o jL/axfb'/yfkfnfO{ @)%( j}zfv!% ut] t'lN;k'/af6uPsf] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn]lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. pgL g]skf

dfcf]jfbL;Da4 cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ sfsfo{stf{ lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#&_ j;Gt ;'j]bLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* r}t @ ut]

@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( 36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf nIdLk'/

uflj;k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf ;f}l8of/

uflj;–@, a]?jfufpFafa'sf] gfd M 5ljnfn ;'j]bLcfdfsf] gfd M vLdf ;'j]bLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0f;f}l8of/ uflj;–@ a]?jfufpF lgjf;L @! jifL{oj;Gt ;'j]bLnfO{ @)%( ;fndf 3f]/fxLaf6 uPsf];]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{ lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#*_ nId0f rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@( h]7 @& ut]

@( jif{

lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* h]7 @ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf >LufpF

uflj;–%k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf

>LufpF uflj;–%, l;D7fgLafa'sf] gfd M lsl/dnfn rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M bzgL rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;'gLtf rf}w/L

5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\VofM !÷@

ljj/0f>LufpF uflj;–% l;D7fgLlgjf;L @( jifL{o nId0frf}w/LnfO{ @)%* h]7@) ut] ufpFs} s'nf] vGg

uPsf] cj:yfdf zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/Lt'lN;k'/ Po/kf]6{ nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{ lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#(_ ljsf; af]xf]/fhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$$ df3 !^ ut]÷

!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ 36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf gf/fo0fk'/

uflj;–$k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf gf/fo0fk'/

uflj;–$, ;fF}6Ls'jfafa'sf] gfd M u'?k|;fb af]xf]/fcfdfsf] gfd M k]dfs'df/L af]xf]/fklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

180


ljj/0fgf/fo0fk'/ uflj;–$;f}/Lsnf lgjf;L !*jifL{o ljsf; af]xf]/fnfO{@)^@ ;fndf 3f]/fxLhfg]qmddf g]kfnL ;]gfn]dfcf]jfbLsf] cfz+sfdflu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd

c1ft 5.

-$)_ anaxfb'/ of]uLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ k'; !) ut]

@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if@)%( k'; !& ut]36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; !&36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf 3f]/fxL

gkf–!)k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf xfk'/

uflj;–^, xfk'/afa'sf] gfd M sdf/f of]uLcfdfsf] gfd M rGbf of]uLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cs}{;Fu ljjfx u/]/ uPsf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^

ljj/0fxfk'/ uflj;–^ lgjf;L@% jifL{o anaxfb'/of]uLsf] @)%( k'; !&ut] sf7df8f}+ hfg]qmddf 3f]/fxL gkf–!)l:yt ;fu/ xf]6naf6zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn]lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df

pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no bfªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF/fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$!_ rgfs' rf}w/L -rgsnfn_hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* j}zfv @ ut]

#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} @! ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf 8'?jf

uflj;–%k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf 8'?jf

uflj;–%, kx?jfafa'sf] gfd M hf]v'/fd rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M b'uL{ rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M bf];|f] ljjfx u/]sf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷#cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M *

ljj/0f8?jf uflj;–% lgjf;L#! jifL{o rgfs'rf}w/LnfO{ @)%( ebf}@! ut] t'n;Lk'/af6uPsf zfxL g]kfnL;]gfn] rf}jfvf]nfaf6lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd

c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-$@_ ;f]d/fh rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% kmfu'g @& ut]

@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} @! ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf 8'?jf


uflj;–%, kx?jfafa'sf] gfd M 6Lsf/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M n/}gL yf¿

181


klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /tLsnfdtL rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!

ljj/0f8?jf uflj;–% lgjf;L;f]d/fh rf}w/LnfO{@)%( ebf} @! ut];r{df cfPsf ;]gfn]ufpFs} rf}jfvf]nfaf6lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. lhNnf

k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$#_ s'O/f rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ sflt{s @ ut]

#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} @! ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf 8'?jf


uflj;–%, kx?jfafa'sf] gfd M dfgaxfb'/ rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M 3'Gof rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M zf]dnL rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M $÷$cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0f8?jf uflj;–% lgjf;L#% jifL{o s'O/frf}w/LnfO{ @)%( ebf}@! ut] ;r{df cfPsf;]gfn] ufpFsf] rf}jfvfn-faf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5.

lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{

! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$$_ ;f]xgnfn rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@) ;fpg ! ut]

#( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} @! ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf 8'?jf


ufl;–%, kx?jfafa'sf] gfd M wgL/fd rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M 5GsL rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M nxLof rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0f8?jf uflj;–% kx?jflgjf;L #( jifL{o;f]xgnfn rf}w/LnfO{@)%( ebf} @! ut];r{df t'lN;k'/af6 uPsf]zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn]lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df


-$%_ hfuL rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) ebf} @) ut]

!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} @! ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf 8'?jf


uflj;–%

182


afa'sf] gfd M s[i0f/fd rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M zld{nf rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0f8?jf uflj; – %lgjf;L !( jifL{o hfuLrf}w/LnfO{ @)%( ebf}@! ut] t'lN;k'/af6cfPsf] ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft5.

-$^_ v'zL/fd rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$# kmfu'g % ut]

!^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} @! ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf 8'?jf


uflj;–%,dgf]x/k'/afa'sf] gfd M ;n6}of rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M pHofnL rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M *

ljj/0f8?jf uflj;–% lgjf;L!^ jifL{o v'zL/fdrf}w/LnfO{ @)%( ebf}@! ut] t'lN;k'/af6cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfn] ufpFs}rf}/jfvf]nfaf6 lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]


-$&_ Zofds'df/ rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ j}zfv @% ut]

@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} @! ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf 8'?jf

uflj;–&k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf 8'?jf

uflj;–&, u7bxfafa'sf] gfd M 6]saxfb'/ rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M huGof rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M rGblht rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷#cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M

ljj/0f8?jf uflj;–& sf @#jifL{o Zofds'df/rf}w/LnfO{ @)%( ebf}@! ut] t'lN;k'/af6uPsf] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfn] dfcf]jfbLsf]cfz+sfdf ;f]xLuflj;af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L


-*_ nId0f rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)!* c;f]h !) ut]

$! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} @! ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf 8'?jf


uflj;–&, u7bjfafa'sf] gfd M OZj/Lnfn rf}w/L

183


cfdfsf] gfd M r'lnof rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;'hL{ rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M $÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !)

ljj/0f8?jf uflj;–& lgjf;L$! jifL{o nId0frf}w/LnfO{ @)%( ebf]@! ut] t'lN;k'/ l:ytPo/kf]6{af6 cfPsf];]gfn] dfcf]jfbLsf]cfz+sfdf lu/ˆtf/ u/L

nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. ;f]xL;dodf kLl8tsf 5f]/f ljgf]b, Zofd rf}w/L /ufpFn] n]jaxfb'/ lji6 / s[i0f lji6nfO{ klg;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df 5f]/f ljgf]b / s[i0flji6nfO{ l/xf u/L cGonfO{ a]kQf agfPsf] lyof].lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-$(_ n]jaxfb'/ lji6hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)!$ c;f]h !% ut]

$% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} @! ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf 8'?jf


uflj;–&, u7bjfafa'sf] gfd M sfn' lji6 If]qLcfdfsf] gfd M cfOtL lji6klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M 1fg' lji65f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0f8?jf uflj;–& lgjf;L $% jifL{o n]jaxfb'/lji6nfO{ @)%( ebf} @! ut] t'lN;k'/ l:ytPo/kf]6{af6 cfPsf] ;]gfn] dfcf]jfbLsf] cfz+sfdf

lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no bfªn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF/fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-%)_ cf]lj/fh 8f“uLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)## h]7 % ut]

@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf}36gf:yn M sf:sL lhNnf k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf p/x/L

uflj;–$, x]dgu/afa'sf] gfd M u]x]Gb|axfb'/ 8fFuLcfdfsf] gfd M 6Lsf 8fFuLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M &

ljj/0fp/x/L uflj;–$ lgjf;L@^ jifL{o cf]jL/fh8fFuLnfO{ @)%( ebf}dfkf]v/fdf cWoog ug]{qmddf ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/u/L @)^# ;fn efb|df:ofª\hfsf] k'tnLahf/dfbf]xf]/f] le8Gtdf df/]sf]]

eg] tfklg pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%!_ a'l4/fd rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# kmfu'g & ut]

#^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf ;tjl/of

uflj;–&

184


k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf ;tjl/of

ufl;j–&, ljh'nLk'/afa'sf] gfd M a'l4/fd rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M ;/:jtL rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M df]tL rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M $÷!

ljj/0f;tjl/of uflj;–&ljh'lnk'/ lgjf;L #^jifL{o a'l4/fd rf}w/LnfO{@)%( h]7 @ ut] ;fFemdfcf]jfbL sdf08/ ePsf]cf/f]kdf ch'{gvf]nf a];SofDk;af6 cfPsf zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfn] 3/af6}

lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. ;f]xL ;dodf pgsf efO yuL/fdrf}w/L ;d]tnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ u/L a]kQf agfOPsf]lyof]. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-%@_ ylu/fd rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ c;f/ # ut]

@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf ;tjl/of

uflj;–&k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf ;tjl/of

uflj;–&, ljh'nLk'/afa'sf] gfd M sNn' rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M ;/:jtL rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M csf]{;Fu ljjfx u/]/ uPsf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!

ljj/0f;tjl/of uflj;–& ljh'nLk'/ lgjf;L @& jifL{o

yuL/fd rf}w/LnfO{ )%(h]7 @ ut] ;fFemdfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdfch'{gvf]nf a];SofDk;af6 cfPsf];]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5.

-%#_ a'l4/fd rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@*÷ #! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 !! ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf p/x/L

uflj;–#, p/x/Lk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf p/x/L

uflj;–#, p/x/Lafa'sf] gfd M uf]kL yf¿klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M afa'/fdL rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)

ljj/0fp/x/L uflj;–# lgjf;L#! jifL{o a'l4/fdrf}w/LnfO{ )%( h]7 !!ut] t'N;Lk'/af6 ;r{dfcfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL

g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf sfo{stf{ lyP. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no bfªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

185


g]kfn k|x/Laf6

-%$_ lgdnfn ljZjsdf{hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@% kmfu'g *÷ #$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* c;f/ (36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf /fhk'/

uflj;–$k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf /fhk'/

uflj;–$, ;f]n3f6Lafa'sf] gfd M xl/nfn ljZjsdf{cfdfsf] gfd M kltb]jL ljZjsdf{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M uLtf ljs5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷)

ljj/0f/fhk'/ uflj;–$ lgjf;L#$ jifL{o lgdnfnljZjsdf{nfO{ )%*c;f/ ( ut] ndxLaf6cfPsf] ;z:q k|x/Ln]3/df cf/gsf] sfdul/x]sf] ;dodflu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df


-%%_ wgjL/ rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ h]7 !# ut]

@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @^ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf 3f]/fxL gkfk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf l9sk'/

uflj;–(, sd{6Lofafa'sf] gfd M a'emf}gf yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M u'nLof rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M t'Nof rf}w/L

5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fl9sk'/ uflj;–(sd{6Lof lgjf;L @^jifL{o wgjL/ rf}w/LnfO{)^) c;f]h @^ ut]dfcf]jfbLsf] cfz+sfdflk|nnf k\x/L sfof{non]3f]/fxLaf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf

xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{ lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%^_ 6]saxfb'/ ljZjsdf{hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ kmfu'g !* ut]

@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( df3 ^ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf /fhk'/

uflj;–(k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf /fhk'/

uflj;–(, n}j?jfafa'sf] gfd M ;f}/Lsnf ljscfdfsf] gfd M tLnf ljsklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M gLdf ljs5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!

ljj/0f/fhk'/ uflj;–( n}j?jflgjf;L @# jifL{o6]saxfb'/ ljsnfO{@)%( df3 ^ ut] /fKtLgbLdf ufO{ r/fpg uPsf]cj:yfdf ;z:q k|x/Ln]lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5.

186


-%&_ ljsf; zdf{hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! h]7 !%÷ @$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% r}t @)36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf g]kfnu~h

gkf, rf}nLsfk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf ;f]gk'/

uflj;–*, ;'g8j/Lafa'sf] gfd M gf/fo0fk|;fb zdf{cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^

ljj/0f;f]gk'/ uflj;–* ;'g8j/L lgjf;L @$ jifL{oljsf; zdf{nfO{ )%% r}t @) ut] ef/tLo ;Ldf;'/Iffann] dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf lu/ˆtf/ u/LafFs] k|x/LnfO{ a'emfPsf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf lhNnf;lrjfno ;b:o lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nobfªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%*_ dx]z rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@(÷#@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! c;f/ !* ut]36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf

zDz]/u~h–@, zDz]/u`hk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf 8'?jf

uflj;–(, d6]/fafa'sf] gfd M sNn rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M zf];L rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;'sGof rf}w/L

5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\VofM )÷!

ljj/0f8?jf uflj;–( d6]/flgjf;L #@ jifL{o dx]zrf}w/LnfO{ )^! c;f/ !*

ut] 3/af6 ef/t hfgsf] nflu lxF8]sf] cj:yfdf;z:q k|x/L zDz]/u~hn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

-%(_ cfGbf]ng rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#*÷ @) jif{lnª\u M k'?iflnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* h]7 @& ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf t'n;Lk'/

gkf–#, sf/fuf/k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf /fhk'/

uflj;–^afa'sf] gfd M /+uaxfb'/ rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M k|]dklt rf}w/LcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M &

ljj/0f/fhk'/ uflj;–^ lgjf;LcfGbf]ng rf}w/LnfO{)%* h]7 @& ut] k|x/Ln]t'n;Lk'/ gkf–# af6lu/ˆtf/ u/L t'n;Lk'/sf/fuf/ rnfg u/]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. pgL g]skf

dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ lyP.

-^)_ ls/0fs'df/L lu/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ k'; @! ut]

@# jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 ( ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf a]nf

uflj;–$, a]nfk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf a]nf

uflj;–$, a]nfafa'sf] gfd M o1axfb'/ lu/Lcfdfsf] gfd M ;'s'dL lu/L

187


klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0fa]nf uflj;–$ a]nflgjf;L ## jifL{osl/0fs'df/L lu/LnfO{)%( h]7 ( ut]dfcf]jfbLsf] cfz+sfdf/fk'/ jgsl§af6 k|x/Ln]lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd

c1ft 5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ lyP.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-^!_ lvdnfn u}/]hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# ;fpg @* ut]

$) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( dª\l;/ # ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf kjggu/

uflj;–$, ;'gk'/k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf kjggu/

uflj;–$, ;'gk'/afa'sf] gfd M /GhLt u}/]cfdfsf] gfd M /dLtf u}/]klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M n'df u}/]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fkjggu/ uflj;–$ ;'gk'/ lgjf;L $) jifL{olvdnfn u}/]nfO{ @)%( dª\l;/ # ut]t'lN;k'/af6 cfPsf] k|x/Ln] dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf3/}af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{ lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no bfªn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

g]skf "dfcf]jfbL_ af6

-^@_ /d]z yfkfhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! dlª\;/ @$ ut]

@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! df3 @* ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf k]zf M ;]gf:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf xfk'/

uflj;–(, gf/]gfª\uafa'sf] gfd M jf;'b]j yfkfcfdfsf] gfd M dfof yfkfklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0fxfk'/ uflj;–( gf/]jfª\ulgjf;L @$ jifL{o /d]zyfkfnfO{ @)^! df3 @*ut] ;Nofg lhNnf l:ytg]kfnL ;]gfsf] l;dvs{Jof/]sdf sfo{/t /xFbfdfcf]jfbLn] ;NofglhNnfaf6 ckx/0f u/L

nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgLl;kfxL kbdf sfo{/t lyP.

-^#_ 3gZofd s];LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( k'; !& ut]

@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! j}zfv !@ ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}+ lhnnf uf]+ua'k]zf M ;]gf:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf xfk'/

uflj;–^, lzjk'/afa'sf] gfd M t]haxfb'/ s];Lcfdfsf] gfd M dxf]gdfnL s];LcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M &

188


ljj/0fxfk'/ uflj;–^ lzjk'/lgjf;L @@ jifL{o3gZofd s];LnfO{ @)^!j}zfv !@ ut]sf7df8f}+b]lv h]/Lhf]gaf6df hfFb} ubf{dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf

xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]kfnL ;]gf ;f]n'dfsfo{/t lyP.

-^$_ k|tfk zfxhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% k'; !@ ut]lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; @% ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf t'n;Lk'/

gkf–!!k]zf M k|x/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf t'lN;k'/

gkf– !!, cZjf/afa'sf] gfd M s[i0faxfb'/ zfxcfdfsf] gfd M leds'df/L zfxklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^

ljj/0ft'lN;k'/ gkf–!! cZjf/lgjf;L #) jifL{o k|tfkzfxnfO{ @)%* k'; @%ut] t'lN;k'/af6dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgLOnfsf k|x/L sfof{no

hfh/sf]6df k|x/L hjfg kbdf sfo{/t lyP.pgsf] kl/jf/ @)%* k'; @$ ut]b]lv lj:yflkteP/ t'lN;k'/ gkf–% df a:b} cfO/x]sf] 5.

-^%_ eLd;]g zfxhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)!( c;f/ !( ut]

#( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; @% ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf t'lN;k'/

gkf–!!k]zf M Jofkf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf t'lN;k'/

gkf–!!afa'sf] gfd M t]haxfb'/ zfxcfdfsf] gfd M l8Nn]Zj/L zfxklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M k'gd zfx÷sdnf zfx5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0ft'lN;k'/ gkf–!! cZjf/lgjf;L #( jifL{o led;]gzfxnfO[ @)%* k'; @%ut] a]n'sf g]skfd f c f ] j f b L s fsfo{stf{x¿n] 3/df cfO{Psl5g sfd 5 egLckx/0f u/L nu]sf]df

pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8t;j{;fwf/0f x'g\.

-^^_ 6]saxfb'/ jnLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#!÷ #@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^# j}zfv ^ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf k~rs'n]

uflj;k]zf M Jofkf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf kjggu/

uflj;–&, tlsofk'/afa'sf] gfd M eflu/fd jnLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;fljqL jnL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

189


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-^&_ l8NnLaxfb'/ ;'j]bLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ c;f/ !& ut]lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* dlª\;/ * ut]36gf:yn M k;f{ lhNnf jL/u~h

pdgkfk]zf M k|x/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf nIdLk'/

uflj;–$, uf]NuLafa'sf] gfd M a'l4k|sfz ;'j]bLcfdfsf] gfd M ;'zLnf ;'j]bLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M nLnf ;'j]bL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fnIdLk'/ uflj;–$uf]NuL lgjf;L $! jifL{ol8NnL/fh ;'j]bLnfO{@)%* dlª\;/ * ut]bfª lhNnfaf6 k;f{ tkm{hfFb} ubf{ g]skfd f c f ] j f b L s fsfo{stf{x¿n] ckx/0f

u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.pgL lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no k;f{df k|x/L hjfgkbdf sfo{/t lyP.

-^*_ lnnd rf}w/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) sflt{s & ut]

@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ k'; !@ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf t'lN;k'/ gkfk]zf M ;]gf:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf km'naf/L

uflj;–%, 9sgfafa'sf] gfd M pgfnfn rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M bzgL rf}w/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M k'i0ff rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !$

ljj/0fkm'naf/L uflj;–% lgjf;L @@ jifL{o lnndrf}w/LnfO{ @)^@ k'; !@ ut] Aof/]s hfg] qmddfc1ft JolQmx¿n] ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL ;j{hu0f Jof/]s;Nofgdf l;kfxL kbdf sfo{/t lyP.

-^(_ lzjs'df/ e08f/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* sflt{s ! ut]

@( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%& ;fpg @^ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf r}nfxL

uflj;–@k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf a]nf

uflj;–$, ;fnwf/Lafa'sf] gfd M l;l4dfg e08f/Lcfdfsf] gfd M sfG5L e08f/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M eflu/tL e08f/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)

ljj/0fa]nf uflj;–$ ;fnwf/L lgjf;L @( jifL{olzjs'df/ e08f/LnfO{ @)%& ;fpg #! ut]/fhgLlt u/]sf] cf/f]kdf g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf

190


sfo{stf{n] ckx/0f u/]sf]df tLg lbgkl5ufpFn]x¿sf] bafadf d'Qm u/]sf lyP. pgnfO{k'gM @)%& ;fpg @^ ut] 3/af6 ndxL tkm{ hfFb}ubf{ /fKtL gbLsf] lsgf/af6 g]skf dfcf]fjbLsfsfo{stf{x¿n] ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skf -Pdfn]_;dy{s lyP.

-&)_ o'j/fh zdf{hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)!! ebf} @! ut]

$* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* df3 !% ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf x]s'nL

uflj;–$k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bfª lhNnf x]s'nL

uflj;–$afa'sf] gfd M hLj/fh zdf{cfdfsf] gfd M eLdfs'df/L pkfWofoklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;jf{b]jL zdf{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷#

ljj/0fx]s'nL uflj;–$ df}nL lgjf;L $* jifL{o o'j/fhzdf{nfO{ @)%* df3 !% ut] ;'/fsLsf] cf/f]kdfg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{x¿n] 3/af6 ckx/0fu/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.pgL g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf sfo{stf{ lyP. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no bfªn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

zfxL g]kfnL !]gfaf6

-!_ xs{nfn yfkfdu/ -o'4_hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)!% kmfu'g @%

$% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @) ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf lnjfª\u

uflj;–!k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf lnjfª\u

uflj;–!, xl/ufltgfafa'sf] gfd M b'u]{ yfkfcfdfsf] gfd M d};/L yfkfklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M uf]7L yfkfdu/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !!

ljj/0flnjfª\u uflj;–! lgjf;L $% jifL{o xs{nfnyfkfdu/nfO{ @)%* r}t @) ut] lbpF;f] 3/dfvfgf vfO/x]sf] cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdfzfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] 3/ 3]/f xfnL lu/ˆtf/ u/LlhNnf ;b/d'sfd lnjfª\u nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf ;]n ;]qm]6/L lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no /f]Nkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF/fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@_ /rg vqLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@÷ @^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @$ ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf lnjfª\u

uflj;–!

191

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k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf lnjfª\u

uflj;–!, xl/ufltgfafa'sf] gfd M l6s] vqLcfdfsf] gfd M dgL vqLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lbn;/f vqLcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0flnjfª\u uflj;–! lgjf;L@^ jifL{o /rgf vqLnfO{@)%* kmfu'g @$ ut]bf/ Nofpg uPsf];dodf ;f]xL ufpFsf]Rofgwf/ glhsaf6g]kfnL ;]gfn] uf]nLrnfP/ ;f]xL ufpFsf

slj/fd vqLnfO{ uf]nL xfg]kl5 pkrf/sf] nflulnjfª\u n}hfg] egL nluPsf] pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no/f]Nkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#_ t]hjL/ k'gdu/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& c;f/ !% ut]

@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @( ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf km'naf/L

uflj;k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf h}dfs;nf

uflj;–&, pdfafa'sf] gfd M sd/f k'gcfdfsf] gfd M ;kgf k'gklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M gdsnL k'g5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0fh}dfs;nf uflj;–& pdf lgjf;L @# jifL{o

t]hjL/ k'gdu/nfO{@)^) c;f]h @( ut]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdfg]kfnL ;]gfn] bfª lhNnfkm'naf/L uflj;af6lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. pgL g]skf

dfcf]jfbLsf Pl;Pd lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no /f]Nkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF/fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$_ wgL/fd a'9fdu/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)!@ h]7 & ut]

$^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; !@ ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf efjfª

uflj;–(k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf efjfª

uflj;–&, ;?jfafa'sf] gfd M xs{l;+x a'9fcfdfsf] gfd M ;Dk"0f{ a'9fklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M sNnf a'9f5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fefjfª uflj;–& ;?jflgjf;L $^ jifL{owlg/fd a'9fdu/nfO{@)%* k'; !@ ut]g]kfnL ;]gfn] efjfªuflj;–( af}nfvf]nfaf6lu/ˆtf/ u/L c:yfoL;'/Iff a]; SofDk

3tL{ufpFdf nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. pgL g]kfnL sfª\u|];sf ;fwf/0f ;b:olyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no /f]Nkfn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw

192


u/fPsf] 5. pgsf] xTof ul/Psf] cfzª\sful/Psf] 5.

-%_ nfndl0f /f]sfdu/ -P6d_hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)## k'; @ ut]

@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} $ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf 3f]/fxL

gkf–!)k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf wjfª

uflj;–@, /frLjfªafa'sf] gfd M w't] /f]sfcfdfsf] gfd M l;h{gf /f]sfklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M k"0f{ /f]sfdu/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fyjfª uflj;–@ /flrjfªlgjf;L @^ jifL{onfndl0f /f]sfdu/nfO{@)%( ebf} $ ut]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdfg]kfnL ;]gfn] bfª lhNnflqe'jg gkf 3f]/fxLaf6lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df

pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf sDkgL sdf08/ lyP. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no /f]Nkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-^_ ugjL/ 3tL{hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@÷ @! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^# h]7 !@ ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhnnf tfnfjfª

uflj;–%k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf tfnfjfª

uflj;–%, lxn]

klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0ftfnfjfª uflj;–% lxn] lgjf;L @! jifL{o ugjL/3t{du/nfO{ @)^# h]7 !@ ut] dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf g]kfnL ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L c:yfoL;'/Iff a]; SofDk; 3tL{ufpFdf nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf ldlnl;of lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no /f]Nkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF/fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-&_ >Ldfg /f]sfdu/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% c;f/ ^ ut]

@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; !! ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf v'd]n

uflj;–$k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf wjfª

uflj;–%, wfª\;Lafa'sf] gfd M u0f /f]sfcfdfsf] gfd M k'lg;/f /f]sfklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M wghLjf /f]sfdu/cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fwjfª uflj;–% wfª\;Llgjf;L @% jifL{o >Ldfg/f]sfdu/nfO{ @)%( k';!! ut] dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf g]kfnL ;]gfsf];'/Iff kf]i6n] sf7df8f}+hfFb} ubf{ v'd]n uflj;–$;fª8f]naf6 lu/ˆtf/

u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ lyP. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no /f]Nkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

193


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uflj;–!k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf lnjfª\u

uflj;–!, xl/ufltgfafa'sf] gfd M k]njf cf]nLcfdfsf] gfd M /hdtf cf]nLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kd' cf]nLcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0flnjfª\u uflj;–! xl/ufltgf lgjf;L #( jifL{owgL/fd cf]nLnfO[ @)%* kmfu'g @$ ut] bfp/fNofpg uPsf] ;dodf ;f]xL ufpFsf] Rofgwf/fglhs g]kfnL ;]gfn] uf]nL xfg]/ 3fOt] agfO{lnjfª\u nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbL cfa4 clvn g]kfnls;fg ;+u7gsf] 6f]n ;b:o lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no /f]Nkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF/fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5. pgnfO{ ;]gfn]lnjfª uflj;sf] wf/ xfNg] hª\undf ;f]xL lbgxTof u/]sf] cfz+sf ul/Psf] 5.

-(_ dgaxfb'/ k'gdu/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)!# sflt{s @# ut]

$% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @$ ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf cf]t

uflj;–%k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf cf]t

uflj;–%, letfjfªafa'sf] gfd M eQm] k'gdu/klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ltn;/f k'gdu/

5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fcf]t uflj;–% ldtfjfªlgjf;L $% jifL{odgaxfb'/ k'gdu/nfO{@)%* r}t @$ ut]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdfg]kfnL ;gf]n] 3/af6}lu/ˆtf/ u/L c:yfoL;'/Iff a]; SofDk

sf]6ufpF dfl8rf}/df nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{ lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no /f]Nkfn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5. kLl8tsf] xTof u/]sf]cfz+sf ul/Psf] 5.

-!)_ dgs'df/L a'9fdu/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# c;f/ !% ut]÷#% jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @$ ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf cf]t

uflj;–&k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf cf]t

uflj;–%, letfjfªafa'sf] gfd M dgl;+x 3tL{du/cfdfsf] gfd M uh'nL 3tL{du/klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M z]/axfb'/ a'9fdu/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)

ljj/0fcf]t uflj;–% ldgjfª\ lgjf;L #% jifL{odgs'df/L a'9fdu/nfO{ @)%* r}t @$ ut]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf g]kfnL ;]gfn] 3/af6lu/ˆtf/ u/]/ c:yfoL ;'/Iff a]; SofDkdfl8rf}/df nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ lyP.

194


lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no/f]Nkfn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF/fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5. kLl8tsf]xTof u/]sf] cfz+sful/Psf] 5.

-!!_ lnj/fh 3tL{du/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$% c;f]h !) ut]

!% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f/ !* ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf lnjfª\u

uflj;–^k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf t]jfª

uflj;–@, t]jfªafa'sf] gfd M wg/fh 3tL{du/cfdfsf] gfd M gdf 3tL{du/klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0ft]jfª uflj;–@ t]jfªsf!% jifL{o lnj/fh3tL{du/nfO{ @)^)c;f/ !* ut] sf]rf{jfªuflj;af6 3/ hfFb} ubf{lnjfª uflj;–^ b]pk'h]sf]g]kfnL ;]gf Aof/]s r]skf]i6af6 g]kfnL ;]gfn]

lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf ;]S;gsdf08/ lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no /f]Nkfn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!@_ sdfgl;+x /fgfdu/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) df3 !! ut]

@* jif{lnª\u M k'?if

36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g ! ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf 3tL{ufpF

uflj;–!k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf efjfª

uflj;–(, hªjfªafa'sf] gfd M vs{ l;+ /fgfdu/cfdfsf] gfd M sf}l;nf /fgfdu/klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fefjfª uflj;–( hjfªlgjf;L @* jifL{osdfgl;+x /fgfdu/nfO{@)%* kmfu'g ! ut]3lt{du/ uflj;3lt{ufpFdf ;fdfg lsGguPsf] ;dodf zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/

u/]/ efjfª uflj;df ck]zg ug{ hfFbf g]kfnL;]gfsf] 8«]; nufP/ 3'dfPsf] / k'gM 3lt{ufpFNofP/ @)%* kmfu'g @ ut] /flt oftgf kl5xTof ul/Psf] cfz+sf ul/Psf] 5. pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no/f]Nkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

g]kfn k|x/Laf6

-!#_ lbnaxfb'/ k'gdu/ -lbg]z_hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@( ;fpg & ut]lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% j}zfv #) ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf sf]6ufpF

uflj;–^k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf sf]6ufpF

uflj;–^, bfaf]6afa'sf] gfd M bnL k'gdu/cfdfsf] gfd M ljdf{ k'gklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

195


ljj/0fsf]6ufpF uflj;–^bf/af]6sf @^ jifL{olbnaxfb'/ k'dgu/nfO{@)%% j}zfv #) ut]a]n'sf dcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf k|x/Ln] ;f]xLufpFaf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lk|x/L rf}sL dfl8rf}/df

Ps lbg /fv]/ ef]lnkN6 lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nonu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgLg]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no /f]Nkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF/fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!$_ jL/axfb'/ af“7fdu/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@@ h]7 !@ ut]

## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% ;fpg @% ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf sf]6ufpF

uflj;–&k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf sf]6ufpF

uflj;–*, bfªjfªafa'sf] gfd M /Gr afF7fdu/cfdfsf] gfd M sjnf afF7fdu/klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lrhf afF7fdu/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@

ljj/0fsf]6ufpF uflj;–* bfªd-fªsf ## jifL{o jL/axfb'/afF7fdu/nfO{ @)%%;fpg @% ut] df5fdfg{vf]nfdf uPsf] ;dodfdfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdfdfl8rf}/ k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]

cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skf

dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no /f]Nkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF/fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5. kLl8tnfO{dfl8rf}/ k|x/L rf}sLdf xTof ul/Psf] cfz+sful/Psf] 5.

-!%_ g/axfb'/ k'gdu/ -;"o{k|sfz_hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ c;f/ & ut]

@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% j}zfv #) ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf sf]6ufpF

uflj;–^k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf sf]6ufpF

uflj;–^, bf/af]6afa'sf] gfd M bnL k'gdu/cfdfsf] gfd M ljdf{ k'gdu/

ljj/0fsf]6ufpF uflj;–^bf/af]6sf @^ jifL{og/axfb'/ k'dgu/nfO{@)%% j}zfv #) ut]a]n'sf dfcf]jfbLsfcf/f]kdf k|x/Ln] ;f]xLuflj;af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Ldfl8rf}/ k|x/L rf}sLdf

nuL Ps lbg /fvL lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no lnjfªnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgLg]skf dfcf]jfbL lhNnf sld6L ;b:o lyP. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no /f]Nkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!^_ ph/ l;+x 8f“uLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@(÷ @& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%^ c;f/ @# ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf /fª\;L

uflj;–$

196


k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf /fª\;L

uflj;–$, rf}/afa'sf] gfd M jL/axfb'/ 8fFuLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M dg/vf 8fFuL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0f/fª\;L uflj;–$ rf}/sf @& jifL{o ph/l;Fx8fFuLnfO{ @)%^ c;f/ @# ut] dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf k|x/Ln] 3/af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]kfnLsfª\u|];sf ;b:o lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no/f]Nkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!&_ sdn k'gdu/ -kjg_hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ j}zfv @$ ut]

@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) h]736gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf lkk/xjf

uflj;–!k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf /fª\;L

uflj;–(, egeg]afa'sf] gfd M /fd;'/ k'gcfdfsf] gfd M dg;/f k'gklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /]g'sf -bf];|f] ljjfx_5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0f/fª\;L uflj;–( egeg]lgjf;L @^ jifL{o sdnk'gdu/nfO{ @)^)h]7df dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf ef/t hfgnfu]sf] cj:yfdfk|x/Ln] afFs] lhNnf

lkk/xjf uflj;–! af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf l8l;Pd lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no /f]Nkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF/fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!*_ cd/lht /f]sfdu/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$$ dlª\;/ !^ ut]

!^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s !( ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf lnjfª\u

uflj;–%k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf wjfª

uflj;–%, wfdafa'sf] gfd M /fdnfn /f]sfcfdfsf] gfd M ljgdfof /f]sfklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fwjfª uflj;–$ wfª\;Llgjf;L sIff & dfcWoog/t !* jifL{ocDd/lht /f]sfdu/nfO{@)^) sflt{s !( ut]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdflhNnf k|x/L afof{nosfk|x/Lx¿n] lnjfª

uflj;–% lkknrf}/l:yt 8]/faf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no /f]Nkfn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!(_ cd/ /f]sfdu/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ dlª\;/ !^ ut]

!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflt{s !( ut]

197


36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf lnjfª\u uflj;–%

k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf wjfª

uflj;–$, wfª\;Lafa'sf] gfd M t'naxfb'/ /f]sfcfdfsf] gfd M /fddfof /f]sfklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fwjfª uflj;–$ wfª\;Llgjf;L sIff ^ dfcWoog/t !* jifL{ocDd/ /f]sfdu/nfO{@)^) sflt{s !( ut]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdflhNnf k|x/L sfof{nosfk|x/Ln] lnjfª uflj;–%

lkknrf}tf/l:yt 8]/faf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no /f]Nkfn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF/fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@)_ dLgf ljs -sNkgf_hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#&÷ !* jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%% kmfu'g @! ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf g'jfufpF

uflj;–^k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf g'jfufpF

uflj;–^, xjfªafa'sf] gfd M eLdaxfb'/ ljscfdfsf] gfd M s[i0fL ljsklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fg'jfufpF uflj;–^ xjfª lgjf;L !* jifL{o sNkgfelgg] dLgf ljsnfO{ @)%% kmfu'g @! ut] /flt

dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nosfk|x/Ln] ;f]xL ufpFsf] dfdf 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf Pl/of;b:o lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no /f]Nkfn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@!_ e"ld;/f k'gdu/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@% sflt{s & ut]

#) jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%% c;f/ @@ ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf sf]rf{jfª

uflj;–%k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf sf]rf{jfª

uflj;–%, tNnf]wfkafa'sf] gfd M t'nf k'gcfdfsf] gfd M bLn;/L k'gklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fsf]rf{jfª uflj;–%tNnf]wfk lgjf;L #)jifL{o e"ld;/fk'gdu/nfO{ @)%% ;cf/@@ ut] laxfgdfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdfc:yfoL ;'/Iff SofDkdfl8rf}/af6 cfPsf

k|x/Ln] 3/ glhs}sf] ds} af/Ldf ds} vlg/x]sf]cj:yfdf lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{ lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no /f]Nkfn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

198


-@@_ dfgaxfb'/ yfkfdu/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! c;f/ !% ut]

@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% df3 !# ut]36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf kmQ]k'/

uflj;k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf sf]6ufpF

uflj;–!, dfl8rf}/afa'sf] gfd M s/lj/ yfkfdu/cfdfsf] gfd M lbndf yfkfdu/klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fsf]6ufpF uflj;–! dfl8rf}/ lgjf;L @$ jifL{odfgaxfb'/ yfkfdu/nfO{ @)%% df3 !# ut]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf k|x/Ln] afFs] lhNnf kmQ]k'/uflj;af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf kf6L{;b:o lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no /f]Nkfn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@#_ s'nk|;fb a'9fdu/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* c;f]h & ut]

!& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% df3 ( ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf hª\sf]6

uflj;–$k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf hª\sf]6

uflj;–!, dfl8rf}/afa'sf] gfd M efgl;+x a'9fcfdfsf] gfd M dw' a'9fklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fhª\sf]6 uflj;–! dfl8rf}/ lgjf;L !& jifL{o

s'nk|;fb a'9fdu/nfO{@)%% df3 ( ut]laxfg k|x/Ln]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdfhª\sf]6 uflj;–#hª\sf]6af6 lu/ˆtf/u/L ;b/d'sfdl:ytlhNnf k|x/L sfof{no

lnjfª\u nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf hgldlnl;of lyP.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no /f]Nkfn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.


-@$_ ng} a'9fdu/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ ebf} ! ut]

!# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% kmfu'g !) ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf h]njfª

uflj;–%:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf h]njfª

uflj;–$, 7"nf]ufpFafa'sf] gfd M z+v/] a'9fdu/cfdfsf] gfd M uf}gf a'9fdu/klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fh]njfª uflj;–$ 7"nf]ufpF lgjf;L !# jifL{o ng}a'9fdu/nfO{ @)%% kmfu'g !) ut] dfcf]jfbLlj?4 ;'/fsL u/]sf] cf/f]kdf g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{n] ;f]xL uflj;–% a'lt{jfªsf] uf]7af6ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5.

-@%_ /fdrGb| yfkfIf]qLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)!& h]7 * ut]

$@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if

199


36gf ldlt M @)%( j]zfv !& ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf t]jfª

uflj;–!k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf t]jfª

uflj;–!, wf/f3tL{6f]nafa'sf] gfd M uh]Gb| yfkfcfdfsf] gfd M sfn' yfkfklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M tfdsnL yfkf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷#

ljj/0ft]jfª uflj;–# wf/f3tL{6f]n lgjf;L $@ jifL{o/fdrGb| yfkf If]qLnfO{ @)%( j}zfv !& ut]dfcf]jfbL lj?4 ;'/fsL u/]sf] cf/f]kdfdfcf]jfbLn] 3/af6 ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL /fk|kf g]kfnsfsfo{stf{ lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no /f]Nkfn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv %) xhf/ ?k}ofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5. pgsf] xTof ul/Psf]cfz+sf ul/Psf] 5.

-@^_ qLifg 3tL{du/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@)÷ #( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflt{s @* ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf 3lt{ufpF

uflj;k]zf M hflu/:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf 3lt{ufpF

uflj;–!, 3lt{ufpFklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lqkgf 3lt{du/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷#

ljj/0f3tL{ufpF uflj;–! 3lt{ufpFsf #( jifL{o lqifg3lt{du/nfO{ @)%( sflt{s !* ut] dfcf]jfbLlj?4 sfd u/]sf] cf/f]kdf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n]ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. pgL lhNnf x'nfs sfof{no 3lt{ufpFsfx'nfsL lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no /f]Nkfn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5. pgsf] xTof ul/Psf] cfz+sful/Psf] 5. kLl8tnfO{ xTof ul/Psf] cfz+sful/Psf] 5 t/ dfcf]jfbLn] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf5}gg\.

-@&_ d'ns'df/ a'9fdu/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)##÷ @! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%$ c;f/ @^ ut]36gf:yn M /f]Nkf lhNnf yjfª

uflj;–(k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f]Nkf lhNnf yjfª

uflj;–&, sf]Ohfªafa'sf] gfd M lbnaxfb'/ a'9fcfdfsf] gfd M

ljj/0fyjfª uflj;–& sf @! jifL{o d'naxfb'/a'9fdu/nfO{ @)%$ c;f/ @^ ut] laxfgdfcf]jfbL kf6L{ lj?4 nfu]sf] cf/f]kdf ;f]xLuflj;–* cfu]jfª hfg nfUbf af6f]af6 g]skfdfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]kfnL sfª\u|];sfsfo{stf{ lyP.

200



-!_ 8f]6L/fd kl/of/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) k'; @% ut]

!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !( ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf wgjfª

uflj;–!k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf l;4]Zj/L

uflj;–^, 8fF8fs6]/Lafa'sf] gfd M g/axfb'/ bdfO{cfdfsf] gfd M dgL bdfO{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M 8jnL kl/of/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)

ljj/0fl;4]Zj/L uflj;–^ 8fF8fsf]6L lgjf;L !* jifL{o8f]6L/fd kl/of/nfO{ @)%( kmfu'g !( ut];'/IffsdL{n] wgjfª uflj;–! sk'/sf]6af6lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. pgsf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] tkfO{sf]5f]/f xfdL;Fu 5 p;n] l;nfO{ s6fOsf] l;khfg]sf] 5 To;sf/0f $–% jif{ b'Mv kfpF5 eg]/sk'/sf]6 l/lk6/ 6fj/sf ;'/IffsdL{n] atfP.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;Nofgn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-@_ 5ljnfn l8;LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@*÷ @* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) df3 @* ut]36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf dxfb]jk'/L

uflj;–*k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf sf]jf{ª

lemDk] uflj;–$, 7"nf]vs{afa'sf] gfd M ef]nfn 8fFuLcfdfsf] gfd M ¿kL 8fFuLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fsf]jf{ª lemDk] uflj;–$ 7"nf]vs{ lgjf;L @*jifL{o 5ljnfn l8;LnfO{ @)^) df3 @* ut]/flt zdz]/u~haf6 uPsf] ;+o'Qm ;'/Iffkmf}hn]afFs] lhNnf dxfb]jk'/L uflj;–* k]/f/Laf6lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. pgsf] kl/jf/ sf7df8f}+ lhNnfl:yt;'s]wf/fdf @)^) df3 @* ut] lj:yflktePsf]df @)^# ;fndf k'g:yf{lkt ePsf 5g\.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;Nofgn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

zfxL g]kfnL !]gfaf6

-#_ zf]e] /fgfhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ j}zfv % ut]

$! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} @( ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnfk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf

dd{k/Lsf8f uflj;–^, /fu]rf}/afa'sf] gfd M gfp/f] /fgfcfdfsf] gfd M ;]tL /fgfklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M 8f]6L /fgf

ljj/0fdd{k/LsfF8f uflj;–^ /fFu]rf}/ lgjf;L $! jifL{ozf]e] /fgfnfO{ @)%( ebf} @( ut] dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf alb{of lhNnf lr;fkfgL l:yt zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]

201


$=$ ;Nofg


cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft5. pgL ;j{;fwf/0f lyP.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no;Nofgn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF/fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-$_ rf]kL/fd ;fsL{hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@( k'; !) ut]

#) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ !& ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf vnª\uf

uflj;–^k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf yf/df/]

uflj;–$, nfdf8fF8fafa'sf] gfd M nf]saxfb'/ ;fsL{cfdfsf] gfd M a'l4 ;fsL{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;lznL ;fsL{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!

ljj/0fyf/df/] uflj;–$nfdf8fF8f lgjf;L #)jifL{o rf]kL/fd ;fsL{nfO{@)%( c;f/ !& ut]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdfzfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn]vnª\uf uflj;–^ af6lu/ˆtf/ u/L u/L

nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL;j{;fwf/0f lyP. 36gf ;DaGwdf kLl8tsL kTgL;lznL ;fsL{n] @)%( c;f]hdf ;]gfn] g}lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf] nu]sf] atfOg. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no ;Nofgn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%_ lbnf/fd vqLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! kmfu'g ! ut]

@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; !% ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf vnª\uf

uflj;–%k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf lkkng]6f

uflj;–%, :ofpnfufpFafa'sf] gfd M a]bk|;fb vqLcfdfsf] gfd M zf]jL vqLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M 8AanL b]jL vqL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷#cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0flkkng]6f uflj;–%:ofpnfufpF lgjf;L @&jifL{o lbnf/fd vqLnfO{@)%* k'; !% ut] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfn] vnª\ufuflj;–% af6 lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]

cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skfdfcf]jfbLaf6 cfTd;dk{0f u/]sf JolQm lyP.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;Nofgn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-^_ j]baxfb'/ a'9fyf]sLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( j}zfv % ut]

@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ @% ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf dfs]{

uflj;–&k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf afemsfF8f

uflj;–%, d]nsf]6afa'sf] gfd M lvdaxfb'/ a'9fyf]sL

202


cfdfsf] gfd M sf}zLnf a'9fyf]sLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M 6Lsf a'9fyf]sL

-csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]_5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fafemsfF8f uflj;–% d]nsf]6 lgjf;L @) jifL{oj]baxfb'/ a'9fyf]sLnfO{ @)%( c;f/ @% ut]zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] dfs]{ uflj;–& af6 lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf j8f k|d'v lyP. 36gf;DaGwdf kLl8tsf cfdf sf}lznf a'9fyf]sLn]@)%( c;f/ @% ut] ;]gfn] lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf]nu]sf] atfOg. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;Nofgn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-&_ xl/nfn bdfO{hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@& sflt{s #) ut]

#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* df3 @& ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf

s'lk08]bx uflj;–(k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf s'lk08]

bx uflj;–$, Hofld/]afa'sf] gfd M ;fs]{ bdfO{cfdfsf] gfd M /tL bdfO{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M u+uf kl/of/

-csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]_5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fs'le08]bx uflj;–$Hofld/] lgjf;L #! jifL{oxl/nfn bdfO{nfO{ @)%*df3 @& ut] g]kfnL;]gfn] ;f]xL uflj;–(af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L

nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL;j{;fwf/0f lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no;Nofgn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-*_ 3gZofd 8f“uLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @))^ c;f]h÷ %^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ c;f]h ! ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf

sflndf6LsfNr] uflj;–&k]zf M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf

sflndf6L sfNr] uflj;–(, ;fn6fs'/f

afa'sf] gfd M zf]e' 8fFuLcfdfsf] gfd M sfn]sNr' 8fFuLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M gGgsnL 8fFuL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷#

ljj/0fsflndf6L sfNr]uflj;–( ;fn6fs'/flgjf;L %^ jifL{o3gZofd 8fFuLnfO{@)^@ c;f]h ! ut]zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] ;f]xLuflj–& af6 lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]

cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL ;j{;fwf/0f lyP.36gf ;DaGwdf ;f]xL uflj;–( ;fn6fs'/fsf?b|axfb'/ 8fFuLn] @)^@ c;f]h @ ut] ;]gfn] g}lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf] nu]sf] atfP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no ;Nofgn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-(_ a'l4 a'9fyf]sLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ df3 % ut]

@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} #) ut]

203


36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf lqj]0fL uflj;–!

k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf sfnfufpF

uflj;–(, vf]of{ vf]nfafa'sf] gfd M sfn' a'9fyf]sLcfdfsf] gfd M u+uL a'9fyf]sLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;s]{gL a'9fyf]sL

-csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]_5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fsfnfufpF uflj;–(vf]of{vf]nf lgjf;L @&jifL{o a'l4 a'9fyf]sLnfO{@)%( ebf} #) ut] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfn] lqk0fLuflj;–! af6 lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft

5. pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbL ;Da4 ljBfyL{ ;+u7gcg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ sf ;b:o lyP. 36gf;DaGwdf sfnfufpF uflj;–@ lgjf;L ltn' dNn];]gfn] g} lu/ˆtf/ u/]/ nu]sf] atfOg. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no ;Nofgn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!)_ lgdaxfb'/ jnLhGdldlt÷pd]/ Mlnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* df3 !@ ut]36gf:yn M bfª lhNnf lahf}/L

uflj;–%k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;NofglhNnf sf]6af/f

uflj;–$, 7"nf kf]v/fafa'sf] gfd M s0f{axfb'/ jnLcfdfsf] gfd M j;GtL jnLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M dLgf jnL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)

ljj/0fsf]6jf/f uflj;–$ 7"nf]kf]v/f lgjf;L lgdaxfb'/jnLnfO{ @)%* df3 !@ut] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn]bfª lhNnf lahf}/Luflj;–% af6 lu/ˆtf/lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd

c1ft 5. pgL ;j{;fwf/0f lyP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no ;Nofgn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!!_ bnaxfb'/ ljshGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( c;f]h !& ut]

@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h @! ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf

vnª\uf uflj;–@k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhnnf bfdfrf}/

uflj;–*, ufltgfafa'sf] gfd M b]j] sfdLcfdfsf] gfd M ;'Sdf ljsklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M t'N;L ljs5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!

ljj/0fbfdfrf}/ uflj;–* ufltgf lgjf;L @) jifL{obnaxfb'/ ljsnfO{ @)%( ebf} @! ut] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfn] vnª\uf uflj;–@ af6 lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf Knf6'g sdfG8/lyP. 36gf ;DaGwdf bfdfrf}/ uflj;–* /fDr]sfs[i0faxfb'/ a:g]tn] ;]gfn] g} lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf]nu]sf] atfP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;Nofgn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

204


-!@_ kf]v//fh a'9fyf]sLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ j}zfv @ ut]

@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @^ ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}+ lhNnf

sfdgkf–#%k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf lkkng]6f

uflj;–(, ef6le6]afa'sf] gfd M 3d08f axfb'/ a'9fyf]sLcfdfsf] gfd M e]eL a'9fyf]sLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kfj{tL a'9fyf]sL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!

ljj/0flkkng]6f uflj;–(ef6le6] lgjf;L @^ jifL{okf]v/fh a'9fyf]sLnfO{@)%* r}t @^ ut] ;fbfkf]zfsdf cfPsf zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfn] sf7df8f}+lhNnf sfdgkf–#% af6lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df

pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skfdfcf]jfbL ;Da4 ljBfyL{ ;+u7g cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ sf EofnL ;dGjo ;ldlt ;+of]hslyP. 36gf ;DaGwdf lkkng]6f uflj;–( sfdf]tL/fd a:g]tn] kLl8tnfO{ eQmk'/ lhNnf;"o{ljgfos l:yt zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Aof/]sdf/fv]sf] atfP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;Nofgn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!#_ /fhs'df/ a'9fyf]sLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! c;f]h !% ut]÷

@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @& ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf lqj]0fL

uflj;

k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf l;gjfª

uflj;–@, rf}/afa'sf] gfd M /ltefg a'9fyf]sLcfdfsf] gfd M 8f]6L a'9fyf]sLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kftnL a'9fyf]sL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fl;gjfª uflj;–@ rf}/lgjf;L @& jifL{o/fhs'df/ a'9fyf]sLnfO{@)%* r}t @& ut]g]kfnL ;]gfn] lqj]0fLuflj;af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5.

36gf ;DaGwdf a'em\g hfFbf g/l;+x bn u'Ndl/lk6/ 6fj/ ;'/Iff a]; SofDk sk'/sf]6af6cfPsf] u:tL ;]gfn] sAhfdf lnP/ nu]sf] / o;ljifodf hfgsf/L dfUbf t dfcf]jfbLsf] :jf:gLxf];\ lsg SofDkdf hfg] t hfg kfplbg;\ egLkmsf{O lbPsf] kLl8t kl/jf/n] atfP. pgL;j{;fwf/0f lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no;Nofgn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!$_ a]baxfb'/ af]x/fhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* ebf} $ ut]

#! ut]lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; !* ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf

l;gjfª uflj;–^k]zf M lzIfs:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf l;gjfª

uflj;– ^, ;fgLvfnfafa'sf] gfd M dgaxfb'/ af]x/fcfdfsf] gfd M cfOtL af]x/fklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kBL af]x/f5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@

205


ljj/0fl;gjfª uflj;–^;fgLvfnf lgjf;L #!jifL{o j]baxfb'/af]x/fnfO{ @)%( k';!* ut] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfn] 3/}af6 lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft

5. pgL hfgsL lgdflj l;gjfªsf lzIfs lyP.36gf ;DaGwdf l;gjfª uflj;–^ lgjf;L;'zLnf v8\sfn] @)%( k'; @$ ut] bfªlhNnfl:yt g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Aof/]sdf b]v]sf]atfOg. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;Nofgn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!%_ /]zd af]x/fhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$$ dª\l;/ * ut]

!% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv @) ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf wgjfª

uflj;–!k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf l;gjfª

uflj;–^, /ftdf6fafa'sf] gfd M nf]saxfb'/ af]x/fcfdfsf] gfd M ¿kf af]x/fklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fl;gjfª uflj;–^/ftdf6f lgjf;L !%jifL{o /]zd af]x/fnfO{@)%( j}zfv @) ut]g/l;+x bn u'Ndaf6cfPsf] ;]gfn] lgoGq0fdflnP/ nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft

5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;Nofgn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!^_ /Tgaxfb'/ bdfO{hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% df3 !* ut]

@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !( ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf wgjfª

uflj;–! sk'/sf]6k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf l;4]Zj/L

uflj;–#, uf]n6fs'/fafa'sf] gfd M hf]uL bdfO{cfdfsf] gfd M uf}/L bdfO{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kDkmL bdfO{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fl;4]zj/L uflj;–# uf]n6fs'/f lgjf;L @# jifL{o/Tgaxfb'/ bdfO{nfO{ @)%* kmfu'g !( ut] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfn] wgjfª uflj;–! af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/n] 8/ / qf;sf sf/0f st} klgph'/L gu/]sf] atfP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no;Nofgn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!&_ uf}/Lnfn kl/of/hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@( h]7 @@ ut]

#( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !( ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf wgjfª

uflj;–!, sk'/sf]6k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf

l;4]zj/L uflj;–^, 8fF8fs6]/L

afa'sf] gfd M uf]kLnfn bdfO{

206


cfdfsf] gfd M s'd/L bdfO{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;'sL kl/of/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!

ljj/0fl;4]Zj/ uflj;–^ lgjf;L #( jifL{o uf}/Lnfnkl/of/nfO{ @)%* kmfu'g !( ut] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfn] wgjfª uflj;–! af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgLg]skf -Pdfn]_ lgjf{lrt j8f ;b:o lyP. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no ;Nofgn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

g]kfn k|x/Laf6

-!*_ lhtaxfb'/ bdfO{hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) df3 % ut]

!% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% dlª\;/ @) ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf

dd{k/LsfF8f uflj;k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf

dd{k/LsfF8f uflj;–@, sf]6j/f

afa'sf] gfd M 3g] bdfO{cfdfsf] gfd M d]jfntf bdfO{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fdd{k/LsfF8f uflj;–@sf]6jf/f lgjf;L !%jifL{o lhtaxfb'/bdfO{nfO{ @)%% dlª\;/@) ut] dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf Onfsf k|x/Lsfof{no /fFu]rf}/sfk|x/Ln] ;f]xL uflj;–^

af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL ;j{;fwf/0f lyP. pgsf]

kl/jf/ @)%% k';df alb{ofdf lj:yflkt ePsf]df@)%% r}tdf cfkm\g} ufpFdf k'g:yf{lkt ePsf5g\. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;Nofgn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!(_ 3g] bdfO{hGdldlt÷pd]/ M @))^÷ $( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% dlª\;/ @) ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf

dd{kl/sfF8f uflj;–^k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf

dd{kl/sfF8f uflj;–@, sf]6jf/f

afa'sf] gfd M d}t] bdfO{cfdfsf] gfd M k~rL bdfO{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M d]jfntf bdfO{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷$

ljj/0fdd{kl/sfF8f uflj;–@sf]6af/f lgjf;L $(jifL{o wg] bdfO{nfO{@)%% dlª\;/ @) ut]Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no/fFu]rf}/sf k|x/Ln] ;f]xLuflj;–^ af6 lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]

cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL ;j{;fwf/0f lyP.pgsf] kl/jf/ @)%% k';df alb{of lhNnfef]nfuf}8Ldf lj:yflkt ePsf]df @)%% r}tdfcfkm\g} ufpFdf k'g:yf{lkt ePsf 5g\. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no ;Nofgn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@)_ b]pnfn yfkfhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@! ;fpg % ut]

## jif{lnª\u M k'?if

207


36gf ldlt M @)%$ k'; !# ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf

dfemsfF8f uflj;–(k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf

dfemsfF8f uflj;–*, cfFkrf}/

afa'sf] gfd M lkk/ yfkfcfdfsf] gfd M lvdL{ b]jL yfkfklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M e'OnL yfkf -csf]{

ljjfx ul/;s]sf]_

ljj/0fdfemsfF8f uflj;–*cfFkrf}/ lgjf;L ## jifL{ob]pnfn yfkfnfO{ @)%$k'; !# ut] dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf Onfsf k|x/Lsfof{no afn'jf;+u|xLsfk|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf

xfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgL g]skf -Pdfn]_ sf;+ul7t ;b:o lyP. 36gf ;DaGwdf kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ gu/]sf] atfOP klgdfemsfF8f uflj;sf xl/ yfkfn] k|x/Ln] g}lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf] atfP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no ;Nofgn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@!_ eb|axfb'/ vqLlnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% c;f/ ( ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf

9fsf8fd uflj;–@k]zf M Jofkf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf

9fsf8fd uflj;–!, cw]/Lvf]nf

afa'sf] gfd M g}gl;Fx vqLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M e'OnL vqL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷#

ljj/0f9fsf8fd uflj;–!cw]/Lvf]nf lgjf;Leb|axfb'/ vqLnfO{ @)%%k'; # ut] ;f]xL uflj;sf]afuvf]/ ahf/af63/tkm{ kms{g] qmddfaf6f]af6 Onfsf k|x/Lsfof{no kmf?nfaf6

cfPsf] k|x/Lsf] u:tL 6f]nLn] lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. 36gf;DaGwdf 9fsf8fd uflj;–@ sfFsf8fd lgjf;Lnfnlj/ vqLn] @)%% k'; @& ut] k|x/Ln] g}lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf] atfP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no ;Nofgn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@@_ ljho e08f/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ c;f/ % ut]

@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%^ ;fpg !# ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf yf/df/]

uflj;–$k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf yf/df/]

uflj;–&, ;ftkx/fafa'sf] gfd M lrqaxfb'/ e08f/Lcfdfsf] gfd M l3gL e08f/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fyf/df/] uflj;–&;ftkx/f lgjf;L @)jifL{o ljho e08/fLnfO{@)%^ ;fpg !# ut]k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. pgLg]skf dfcf]jfbL ;Da4

208


ljBfyL{ ;+u7g cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ sf Pl/ofsld6L ;b:o lyP. 36gf ;DaGwdf pgsf afa'lrqaxfb'/ e08f/Ln] @)%^ ;fpg !* ut] k|x/Ln]g} lu/ˆtf/ u/]sf] nu]sf] atfP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no ;Nofgn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF/fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@#_ /fh' e08f/LhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ df3 & ut]

!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% kmfu'g @& ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf

aGuf9 uflj;–!k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf aGuf9

afd] uflj;–$, afd] afx'gufpF

afa'sf] gfd M ltns e08f/Lcfdfsf] gfd M j;'Gw/f e08f/Lklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fagu9 afd] uflj;–$ afd] afx'gufpF lgjf;L !(jifL{o /fh' e08f/LnfO{ @)%% kmfu'g @& ut]g]kfn k|x/Ln] ;f]xL uflj;–! af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

-@$_ 1fgk|sfz g]kfnLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) j}zfv !% ut]

!% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% kmfu'g @( ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf l;4]Zj/L

uflj;–%k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf sh]/L

uflj;–#, sh]/Lafa'sf] gfd M nfnaxfb'/ jfbLcfdfsf] gfd M 6LsL jfbLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fsh]/L uflj;–# lgjf;L!% jifL{o 1fgk|sfzg]kfnLnfO{ @)%% kmfu'g@( ut] k|x/Ln] l;4]Zj/Luflj;–% s'ofFemf]nsfnfn]vaf6 lu/ˆtf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft

5. kLl8tnfO{ rfFb] uflj;–^ lgjf;Lnfnaxfb'/ jfbLn] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no>Lgu/df @)%% r}t @ ut] b]v]sf] atfP. kLl8tkl/jf/ Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nodf hfFbf pgnfO{ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf nlu;lsof]vnª\uf hfp oxfF gcfp eg]/ Onfsf k|x/Lsfof{non] eg]sf] / vnª\uf lhNnf k|x/Lsfof{nodf hfFbf oxfF 5}g eg]/ kmsf{OlbP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no ;Nofgn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?k}ofF /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.


-@%_ df]xgnfn vqLhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)!$ ;fpg @@ ut]

$* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^@ dlª\;/ @$ ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf

sflndf6LsfNr] uflj;–*

k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf dfs]{

uflj;–$, sf6LufpFafa'sf] gfd M t]haxfb'/ vqLklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M gf]vgL s'df/L vqL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@

209


ljj/0fdfs]{ uflj;–$ sf6LufpFlgjf;L $* jifL{odf]xgnfn vqLnfO{a'xf/LnfO{ xTof u/]sf]cf/f]kdf @)^@ dlª\;/@$ ut] dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{n] sfNr]uflj;–* af6 ckx/0f


-@^_ lgd] a'9fhGdldlt÷pd]/ M @)@@ sflt{s @! ut]

#^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% sflt{s !) ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf

b]j:yn uflj;–(k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;Nofg lhNnf

b]j:ynuflj;–(, a'/]nLafa'sf] gfd M jL/an a'9fcfdfsf] gfd M j;GtL a'9fklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M dgs'df/L a'9f5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fb]j:yn uflj;–( s'/]nL lgjf;L ## jifL{o lgd]a'9fnfO{ @)%% sflt{s !) ut] dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{n] 3/}af6 ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. 36gf ;DaGwdfg]skf dfcf]jfbL;Fu hfgsf/L dfUbf dfl/;s]sf]hfgsf/L lbP.


-!_ nfnjL/ rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% ;fn ÷ @#lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g ! ut]36gf:yn M a}hfk'/–!, afFs]k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M a}hfk'/–!, afFs]afa'sf] gfd M rGb|nfn yf?cfdfsf] gfd M ;]t'Nof yf?kTgLsf] gfd M dw'jf yf?

ljj/0fj}hfk'/–! sf @# jifL{o nfnjL/ rf}w/LnfO{dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf @)%* kmfu'g ! ut] /flt3/df ;'lt/x]sf] ;dodf ;'/IffsdL{n] lu/km\tf/u/]. kLl8t kIf 8/sf sf/0f 36gfsf af/]dfhfgsf/L u/fpg ;'/Iff lgsfo;Dd k'u]gg\.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j?k k|bfg u¥of].

-@_ cof]Wofk|;fb uf]l8ofhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) ebf} ! ÷ @)lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflQs !@ ut]36gf:yn M uª\ufk'/ –$, afFs]k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M uª\ufk'/ –$, afFs]afa'sf] gfd M laxf/L uf]l8ofcfdfsf] gfd M ;fljqL uf]l8of

ljj/0fuª\ufk'/ uflj;–$ sf @) jifL{o cof]Wofk|;fbuf]l8ofnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf @)^)

210


$=% af“s]


sflt{s !@ ut] laxfg;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n]lu/km\tf/ u/L j]kQf kf/].;f]xL lbg ;'/IffsdL{n]pgsf afa' laxf/Luf]l8ofnfO{ klg lu/km\tf/u/L a]kQf kf/]sf lyP.kl/jf/sf dflg; ;+o'Qm

;'/Iff SofDksf] j]z SofDk, ;f]gjiff{df hfFbf;]G6«Ldf a;]sf ;'/IffsdL{n] cof]Wof ToxLF ePsf]atfPsf lyP. kl/jf/sf ;b:on] pgnfO{ sk8fnlulbPsf lyP. Ps dlxgf;Dd ToxL SofDkdf/flvPsf cof]WofnfO{ To;kl5 sxfF nluof] s]xLyfxf x'g ;s]g.

-#_ laxf/L uf]l8ofhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!) ;fn ÷ %) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflQs !@ ut]36gf:yn M uª\ufk'/ –$, afFs]k]zf M x'nfsL:yfoL 7]ufgf M uª\ufk'/ –$, afs]kTgLsf] gfd M ;fljqL uf]l8of

ljj/0fuª\ufk'/ uflj;–$ 3/eO Onfsf x'nfssfof{no ef]heujfgk'/sfx'nfsL %) jifL{o laxf/Luf]l8ofnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf @)^) sflt{s!@ ut] laxfg 3/af6};+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n]

lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]. ;f]xL lbg ;'/IffsdL{n]pgsf 5f]/f cof]Wof uf]l8ofnfO{ klg lu/km\tf/u/L a]kQf kf/]sf lyP. kl/jf/sf dflg; sflt{s!% ut] ;+o'Qm ;'/Iff SofDksf] j]z SofDk;f]gjiff{df hfFbf laxf/L;Fu ToxLF e]6 ePsf] lyof].kl/jf/sf ;b:on] pgnfO{ sk8f nlulbPsf lyP.Ps dlxgf;Dd ToxL SofDkdf /flvPsflaxf/LnfO{ To;kl5 sxfF nluof] s]xL yfxf x'g;s]g.

-$_ zLtnf /fgfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ r}t !* ut]

!*lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @& ut]36gf:yn M uª\ufk'/ –$, afFs]k]zf M ;'k/efOh/, sfg"g

cg;'Gwfg s]Gb| :yfoL 7]ufgf M d6]lxof–%, afFs]afa'sf] gfd M Rof;f] /fgfcfdfsf] gfd M ;'ldtf /fgf

ljj/0fd6]lxof uflj;–%lgjf;L !* jifL{ofzLtnf /fgfnfO{ @)^)c;f]h @& ut]dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf;+o'Qm ;'/Iff j]ZfSofDksf ;'/IffsdL{n]uªufk'/ uflj;–@

;f]gjiff{af6 lu/km\tf/ u/L j]kQf kf/]. kLl8tkl/jf/ 8/ qf;sf sf/0f ;'/Iff lgsfo;Dd;f]wk'5sf nflu k'Ug ;s]gg\. 5f]/LnfO{ lu/km\tf/u/]kl5 8/sf sf/0f afa' Rof;f] /fgf bz dlxgfef/tdf lgjf{l;t ePsf lyP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j?k pknAwu/fof].

-%_ dgf]h /f]sfo -;'bLk_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% df3 @( ÷@%lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv @$ 36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf, srgfk'/

uflj;–!, cu}ofk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

lhNnf sld6L ;b:o:yfoL 7]ufgf M afFs] lhNnf, dxfb]jk'/L

uflj;–@, p88o}g klZrdk'?jf

afa'sf] gfd M czf]s /f]sfo

211


cfdfsf] gfd M kljqf /f]sfoj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M@

ljj/0fdxfb]jk'/L uflj;–@ sfdfcf]jfbL lhNnf sld6L;b:o @$ jifL{o ;'bLkelgg] dgf]h /f]sfonfO{@)%( j}zfv @$ ut]srgfk'/ uflj;–!cu}ofaf6 ;dz]/u~ha]; SofDk, s';'dsf

;'/IffsdL{n] lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/].pgsfefOsf] klg ;'/IffsdL{åf/f xTof ePsf]lyof]. c;'/Iffsf] sf/0f kLl8tkIf 36gfsf af/]df ;'/IffsdL{;Fu hfgsf/L dfu ug{uPg. kLl8t kl/jf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?k}ofF lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 k|fKt u¥of].

-^_ afa'/fd clwsf/L -cd/gfy_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) k'; @! ut] lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 !( ut] 36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf, afu]Zj/L

uflj;–(, e08fl/ofk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm ;]gf sdf08/

:yfoL 7]ufgf M afFs] lhNnf, ;Ltfk'/ uflj;–&, PufpF

afa'sf] gfd M efg'eQm clwsf/Lcfdfsf] gfd M ;fljqLb]jL clwsf/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M t'n;f clwsf/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M # hgf

ljj/0f;Ltfk'/ uflj;–& lgjf;Lg]skf dfcf]jfbL hgd'lQm;]gf sdf08/ cd/gfyelgg] afa'/fdclwsf/LnfO{ @)%( h]7!( ut] /flt !! ah]afu]Zj/L uflj;–(e08l/of ufpFsf k|]d

a'9fsf] 3/af6 ;'/IffsdL{n]] 3/af6 lu/km\tf/ u/La]kQf kf/]. ;f] lbg ;'/IffsdL{n] sf]xnk'/uflj;–# sf O{Zj/L ;'j]bL, kmQ]k'/ uflj;sfbnaxfb'/ k'g / alb{of lhNnfsf pbo rf}w/LnfO{klg kqmfp u/]sf] lyof]. ;f] lbg ;'/IffsdL{n]e08fl/of ufpFsf k|]d a'9fsf] xTof u/]sf lyo]f.afa'/fd clwsf/Lsf] afu]Zj/L uflj;;df;'/IffsdL{sf] le8Gtdf d[To' ePsf] eGg];'/IffsdL{sf] egfOsf] cfwf/df @)%( h]7 !(ut] g} ;'/IffsdL{n] xTof u/]sf] egfOk|lt pgs]fkl/jf/n] afa'/fdsf] kl/jf/ ;xdt 5}gg\. pgsf]kl/jf/n] /fxt /sd k|fKt u/]sf] 5}g.

-&_ 5ljnfn 8L;LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* c;f]h @* ut]

#@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) df3 @* ut] 36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf, dxfb]jk'/L

uflj;–*, k]/f8L 8fF8fufpF

k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M afFs] lhNnf, dxfb]jk'/L

uflj;–*, k]/f8L 8fF8fufpF

afa'sf] gfd M ef]nfn 8L;Lcfdfsf] gfd M ?dL 8fFuLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @ hgf

ljj/0fdxfb]jk'/L uflj;–* sf #@ jifL{o 5ljnfn8L;LnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf @)^)df3

212


@* ut] /flt !! ah] 3/df ;'t]sf] cj:yfdf;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{sf] 6f]nLn] 3/af6 lu/km\tf/ u/La]kQf kf¥of]. c;'/Iffsf sf/0f kLl8t kIfn]kL8skIf;Fu hfgsf/L dfu u/]g. pgsf]kl/jf/n] s'g} /fxt /sd k|fKt u/]sf] 5}g.

-*_ uug 3tL{ du/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$# ÷!^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @& ut]36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf, sf]xnk'/

uflj;–^, nvgaf/k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M afFs] lhNnf,

sf]xnk'/ uflj;–^, nvgfafa'sf] gfd M nf]saxfb'/ 3tL{cfdfsf] gfd M zLtnL 3tL{ du/j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fsf]xnk'/ uflj;–^ sf !^ jifL{o uug 3tL{du/nfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf @)%( h]7 @&ut] 3/df ;'t]sf] cj:yfdf laxfg $ ah] Onfsfk|x/L sfof{no, sf]xnk'/af6 cfPsf ;'/IffsdL{n]3/af6 lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]. lu/km\tf/Lkl5pgnfO{ Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no nluPsf] / s]xLlbgkl5 lr;fkfgL ;}lgs Aof/]sdf /flvPsf]lyof]. 8/qf;sf sf/0f kLl8t kIf 36gfsfaf/]df hfgsf/L dfu ug{ uPg. kLl8t kl/jf/n]lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 /fxt:j?k ! nfv?lkofF k|fKt u¥of].

-(_ ;fljt/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ j}zfv !÷ !& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} @*36gf:yn M kmQ]k'/ uflj;–&k]zf M /fhgLlt , g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M kmQ]k'/ uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M sflz/fd yf¿

cfdfsf] gfd M ;fbLs'df/L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fkmQ]k'/ uflj;–& !& jifL{o ;fljt/fd yf¿nfO{@)%( ebf} @* ut] ;+o'Qm ;'/Iff a]; SofDksf;'/IffsdL{n] kmQ]k'/ uflj;–& ;f]gk?jfaf6lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]sf] lyof]. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!)_ lji0f' yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ df3 !)÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) ebf} @( ut]36gf:yn M kmQ]k'/ uflj;–&k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL Pl/of sld6L ;b:o

:yfoL 7]ufgf M kmQ]k'/ uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M >L/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M ;Ltf rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ltnsL rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷ !hgf

ljj/0fkmQ]k'/ uflj;–& lgjf;Lg]skf dfcf]jfbL Pl/ofsld6L ;b:o @$ jifL{olji0f' yf¿nfO{ @)^)ebf} @( ut] ;+o'Qm ;'/Iffa];SofDksf ;'/IffsdLn]lj;dk'/sf] v]taf6lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]

cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!!_ adf{lbg uf]l8ofhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$% j}zfv @&

!%jif{

213


lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) sflQs @# 36gf:yn M uª\ufk'/ uflj;–$k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M kmQ]k'/ uflj;–(afa'sf] gfd M /fd;fu/ uf]l8ofcfdfsf] gfd M /fh/fgL uf]l8ofj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fkmQ]k'/ uflj;–( !%jifL{o adf{lbg uf]l8ofnfO{@)^) sflQs @# ut] ;+o'Qm ;'/Iff a];SofDk;f]gjiff{sf ;'/IffsdL{n] uª\ufk'/ uflj;–$ af6lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k s'g} ;xof]upknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

zfxL g]kfnL !]gfaf6

-!@_ gu]Gb| s';f/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## ;fpg !&÷@%jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !!36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf, dxfb]jk'/

uflj; –%, 9s]/Lk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf Pl/of

sld6L ;b:o:yfoL 7]ufgf M afFs] lhNnf, dxfb]jk'/L

uflj;–^, afnfk'/afa'sf] gfd M x:t] s';f/Lcfdfsf] gfd M cd[tL s';f/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M d'jf s';f/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ! ÷@

ljj/0fdxfb]j k'/L uflj;–^ lgjf;L g]skf Pl/of sld6L;b:o @@ jifL{o gu]Gb| s';f/LnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf @)%* kmfu'g !! ut] /flt !) ah]lr;fkfgL cfdL{ Aof/]ssf /d]z :jfF/sf] g]t[Tjdf

cfPsf zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] ;f]xLuflj;–%, 9s]/Laf6lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQfkf¥of]. kLl8t kl/jf/36gfsf af/]df hfgsf/Llng lr;fkfgL cfdL{Aof/]sdf @)%* r}t !)

ut] hfFbf u]6df a:g] ;}lgsn] xfdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g,gu]Gb|nfO{ xfdLn] NofPsf 5}gf}+ eGg] hjfkm lbP.pgnfO{ clGtd k6s @)%* kmfu'g !! ut]lr;fkfgL Aof/]sdf b]lvPsf] lyof]. 36gfkl5afu]Zj/L ;z:q k|x/L u0fsf ;'/IffsdL{ /flt3/df cfpg] / b'Mv lbg] ug{ yfn]kl5 pgsL kTgLd'jf s';f/L tLg dlxgf;Dd ;f]xL 7fpF lgjf;Lb]j/sf] 3/df lj:yflkt eO{ al;g\. pgsf]kl/jf/n] /fxt :j?k ? ! nfv lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 k|fKt u¥of].

-!#_ df]xDdb hfls/ z]vhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@) ÷#*lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t #! ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf, g]pnfk'/

uflj;–&, e'l/ufpFk]zf M Jofkf/L, g]kfnL sfª\u|];

;lqmo ;b:o:yfoL 7]ufgf M afFs] lhNnf, ;f]gk'/

uflj;–(, uf]bfgfafa'sf] gfd M cAb'n nltkm z]vcfdfsf] gfd M t;lndf z]vj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M clna'n z]v5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷# cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ! hgf

ljj/0f;f]gk'/ uflj;–( 3/ eO{ alb{of lhNnf, g]pnfk'/uflj;–&, e'l/ufpFdf cf}ifwL k;n ug{] #* jifL{odf]xDdb hfls/ z]vnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf@)%* r}t #! ut] a]n'sf $=#) ah]

214


7fs'/åf/fl:yt cfdL{Aof/]saf6 cfPsf]6f]nLn] e'l/ufpFahf/af6 cGo kfFrhgf;Fu} lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]lyof]. kLl8tsf kl/jf/n]xfn;Dd /fxt kfPsf5}gg\. kLl8tkIfn]

36gfsf ;DaGwdf @)%( j}zfv ! ut]7fs'/åf/fl:yt cfdL{ SofDkdf hfFbf u]6df a:g]cfdL{n] df]xDdb hfls/ ToxfF gePsf] atfPsflyP. kLl8t kIfn] cfdL{ Aof/]ssf k|d'v;Fu e]6\gvf]Hbf leq sf]xL x'g'x'Gg, ;a} aflx/ hfg'ePsf] 5egL leq hfg lbPgg\. kLl8tsL kTgL dfOtdf /5f]/f5f]/L 3/df a:g] / b'j}n] xsbfaL u/]sfsf/0f /fxt s;}n] kfPsf 5}gg\.

-!$_ O{Zj/L ;'j]bL -ljk'n_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@% df3 !# ut]

#$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 !( ut]36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf, afu]Zj/L

uflj;–(, e08fl/ofk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL lhNnf sld6L ;b:o

:yfoL 7]ufgf M afFs] lhNnf, sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#, a;kfs{

afa'sf] gfd M rfd'k|;fb ;'j]bLcfdfsf] gfd M Clifdfof ;'j]bLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M dlxdf ;'j]bLcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ! hgf

ljj/0fsf]xnk'/ uflj;–# lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbL lhNnfsld6L ;b:o #$ jifL{o ljk'n elgg] O{Zj/L;'j]bLnfO{ @)%( h]7 !( ut] /flt !! ah] afFs]lhNnf, afu]Zj/L uflj;–(, e08l/of ufpFsf k|]da'9fsf] 3/df ;'t]sf] cj:yfdf lr;fkfgL cfdL{

Aof/]ssf ;'/IffsdL{n] 3/ 3]/f xfnL lu/km\tf/u/L a]kQf kf/]. ;f] lbg ;'/IffsdL{n]dfcf]jfbLnfO{ af; a:g lbPsf] cf/f]kdf k|]da'9fnfO{ 3/leq} uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf lyP eg]cGo tLg hgf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{nfO{ lu/km\tf/u/]sf lyP. 36gfsf] af/]df @)%( h]7 @% ut]kLl8tsf kl/jf/ lr;fkfgL cfdL{ Aof/]sdfhfgsf/L dfUg hfFbf pgnfO{ lu/km\tf/ gul/Psf]atfOof]. kLl8tsf] kl/jf/n] lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF k|fKtu¥of].

-!%_ eª\uL yf? hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M !(*% ;fn÷&# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t !^ ut]36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf, /em]gf

uflj;–^, /em]gfk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M afFs] lhNnf, /em]gf

uflj;–^, /em]gfafa'sf] gfd M dx]z yf?cfdfsf] gfd M ;f]glrl/of yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M a'wgL y?gL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M # ÷! cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0f/em]gf uflj;–^,/em]gfsf &# jifL{o hª\uLyf?nfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf lu/km\tf/@)%* r}t !^ ut] /flt* ah] cfkm\g} 3/af6eLdsfnL u'Ndlr;fkfgLsf ;]gfn]

3/af6 lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]. kLl8t kIf36gfsf af/]df kL8skIf;Fu hfgsf/L dfu ug{@)%* r}t !& ut] eLdsfnL u'Nd lr;fkfgLuPsf] cj:yfdf ;f] u'Ndsf] u]6df a;]sf] ;]gfn]

215


hª\uL yf?nfO{ ToxfF gNofOPsf] atfOof]. pgsf]kl/jf/n] /fxt :j?k lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6! nfv ?lkofF k|fKt u/]sf] 5.

-!^_ sdnaxfb'/ bfxfn If]qL hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# ebf} !@ ut]

#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; !& ut] 36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf, ags6'jf

uflj;–$, hLufpFk]zf M lzIff:yfoL 7]ufgf M afFs] lhNnf, ags6jf

uflj;–$, hLufpFafa'sf] gfd M eLdaxfb'/ bfxfncfdfsf] gfd M cledfof bfxfnj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M o'udfof bfxfn5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ! ÷# cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @ hgf

ljj/0fags6'jf uflj;–$hLufpF lgjf;L lzIfs#@ jifL{o sdnaxfb'/bfxfn If]qLnfO{dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf@)%* k'; !& ut]lbpF;f] k|eft dfWoldsljBfno hLufpFdf l66L

vf]ksf] sfo{qmddf hfFbf ;xefuL ePsf] cj:yfdflr;fkfgL ;}lgs Aof/]saf6 cfPsf ;]gfn]ljBfnoaf6 lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/].lu/km\tf/Lkl5 pgnfO{ lr;fkfgL ;}lgs Aof/]sdfnluPsf] lyof]. pgnfO{ ;f] /flt jgs6'jfuflj;–$ sf s'j]/ l/hfnn] Aof/]sleq} b]v]sflyP. l/hfnnfO{ klg ;f]xL Aof/]ssf ;}lgsn];f]xL lbg lu/km\tf/ u/L sl/a 5 dlxgfkl5 l/xfu/]sf lyP. sdnnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]kl5 @)%(;fn;Dd k6sk6s ;}lgsx? 3/ cfO{ b'Mv lbg]u/]sf lyP. 36gfkl5 ;'/IffsdL{sf 8/n] pgsf

b'O{ hgf 5f]/f5f]/L ;xf/f afnu[x g]kfnu~hdf b'O{jif{;Dd a;]sf lyP. kL8skIf;Fu @)%* k'; @^ut] 36gfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L dfUg hfFbflr;fkfgL Aof/]ssf] u]6sf ;}lgsn] sdn eGg]JolQm ToxfF gePsf] atfPsf lyP. ;]gfn]kLl8tnfO{ dfl/;s]sf] atfP klg kLl8t kl/jf/n]nf; gkfPsf]n] d[To' :jLsfg{ dfg]sf 5}gg\.kLl8tsf] kl/jf/n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 !nfv ?lkofF /fxt :j?k k|fKt u/]sf] 5.

-!&_ bdGtL k'g -/x/_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) r}t #

!*jif{lnª\u M dlxnf 36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !! 36gf:yn M dxfb]jk'/L uflj;–@ k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf]xnk'/ ulj;–$

d;'/Lv]tafa'sf] gfd M hutdfg k'gcfdfsf] gfd M uf}dtL k'gj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f sf]xnk'/ ulj;–$ d;'/Lv]tsL !* jifL{of bdGtLk'g -/x/_nfO{ @)%* kmfu'g !! ut] lr;fkfgLAof/]saf6 cfPsf] ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] dxfb]jk'/Luflj;–@df /x]sf] l8naxfb'/ jnLsf] 3/af6lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf¥of]. kmfu'g @! ut];Ddlr;fkfgL Jof/]sdf /flvPsL k'gnfO{ To;kl5tLg lbg;Dd zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] dWoklZrdk[tgf dlgsfk'/df /flvPsf] lyof].@)%* kmfu'g@$ ut] pngfO{ k[tgfaf6 aflx/ lgsflnPsf]lyof]. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k !nfv ?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!*_ rGb|axfb'/ ljshGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* ebf} !÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv @(

216


36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–$ k]zf M ljBfyL{, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–$afa'sf] gfd M uª\uf ljscfdfsf] gfd M ;/s]gL ljsj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f sf]xnk'/ uflj;–$ @!jifL{o rGb|axfb'/ljsnfO{ @)%( j}zfv@( ut] sf]xnk'/uflj;–$ d;'/Lv]taf6Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nosf]xnk'/sf] k|x/Ln]lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf

kf/]sf lyof]. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!(_ /fhs'df/ yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* r}t !@÷#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv $36gf:yn M ;dz]/u~h

uflj;–$,afFs]k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;dz]/u~h uflj;–$

rGGxjfafa'sf] gfd M ;'/bLg yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M 7luof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M s'dfnL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ! ÷ hgf

ljj/0f;dz]/u~h uflj;–$rGGxjfsf #! jifL{o/fhs'df/ yf¿nfO{@)%( j}zfv $ ut]lr;fkfgLaf6 cfPsf]

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] 3/af6} lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@)_ kxf8L yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ r}t %÷ ## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv ! 36gf:yn M ;dz]/u~h uflj;–$k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;dz]/u~h uflj;–$

rGGxjfafa'sf] gfd M 5f]6]nfn yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M OGb/L / n5dlgofyf¿

ljj/0f;dz]/u~h uflj;–$rGGxjfsf ##jifL{okxf8L yf¿nfO{ @)%(j}zfv ! ut] laxfg3/d} ;'lt/x]sf] cj:yfdflr;fkfgL Aof/]saf6cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/

u/L a]kQf kf¥of].kLl8tkIf lr;fkfgL Aof/]sdfuP/ a'em\bf b'O{ lbgkl5 e]6g cfpg' eg] tf klgkl5 hfFbf ufnL u/]/ lkmtf{ k7fOPsf] lyof]. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@!_ euf}tLk|;fb yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ kmfu'g !!

#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv $36gf:yn M ;dz]/u~h uflj;–$k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;dz]/u~h uflj;–$

rGGxjf

217


afa'sf] gfd M :j ljZjgfyf rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M b'xgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M wgs'df/L yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷ $hgf

ljj/0f ;dz]/u~h uflj;–$rGGxjfsf #% jifL{oeuf}tLk|;fb yf¿nfO{@)%( j}zfv $ ut]laxfg 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf lr;fkfgLAof/]saf6 cfPsf] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]

lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf¥of]. kLl8tkIf lr;fkfgLAof/]sdf uP/ a'em\bf b'O{ lbgkl5 e]6g cfpg' eg]tf klg kl5 hfFbf ufnL u/]/ lkmtf{ k7fOPsf]lyof]. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k !nfv ?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@@_ 8Da/axfb'/ /fgfef6 -cg"k_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% j}zfv !

@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !!36gf:yn M dxfb]jk'/L uflj;–&

afFs]k]zf M /fhgLlt ,g]skf

dfcf]jfbLsf] lhNnf ;b:o

:yfoL 7]ufgf M jfu]Zj/L uflj; –! Wff}nflu/L 6f]n

afa'sf] gfd M adaxfb'/ /fgf ef6cfdfsf] gfd M ph]nL /fgfef6j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f jfu]Zj/L uflj;sf cg"k elgg] @# jifL{o8Da/axfb'/ /fgfef6nfO{ @)%* kmfu'g !! ut]lbp;f] lr;fkfgL Aof/]saf6 cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL

;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] dxfb]jk'/Luflj;–& 9s]/Laf6lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkof pknAw u/fPsf]5.

-@#_ zf/bf jnLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ c;f/ @#

!(jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^! c;f/ !$36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/ ulfj;–*k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M dxfb]jk'/L uflj;–%

9s]/Lafa'sf] gfd M ?b|axfb'/ jnLcfdfsf] gfd M /Ldf jnLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f Mdxfb]jk'/L uflj;–%9s]/L lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{!(jifL{o zf/bf jnLnfO{@)^! c;f/ !$ ut]dlgsfk'/ /fFemfaf6cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] sf]xnk'/

uflj;–* lkk/Laf6 lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf¥of].kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@$_ g/] a'9f du/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ df3 !%÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @&36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–^

218


k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–^

nvgfafa'sf] gfd M xs{l;+x a'9fdu/cfdfsf] gfd M /lj a'9f du/j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M :Jf ;Ltf a'9f cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0f sf]xnk'/ uflj;–^nvgfsf @^ jifL{o g/]a'9f du/nfO{ @)%( h]7@& ut] laxfg $ ah]3/df ;'lt/x]sf] cj:yfdflr;fkfgL Aof/]saf6cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/

u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@%_ Ps] a'9fhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) k'; ÷@( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @&36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–^k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–^

nvgfafa'sf] gfd M xs{l;+x a'9fcfdfsf] gfd M /lj a'9fj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]

ljj/0f sf]xnk'/ uflj;–^nvgfsf @( jifL{o Ps]a'9fnfO{ @)%( h]7 @&ut] laxfg $ ah] 3/df;'lt/x]sf] cj:yfdf

lr;fkfgL Aof/]saf6 cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k !nfv ?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@^_ /fhaxfb'/ yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) k''; !@

!( jif{ lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !$36gf:yn M gf}a:tf uflj;–*k]zf M dhb"/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M gf}a:tf uflj;–*

lub/k'/afa'sf] gfd M r'naxfb'/ yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M w'gL rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ¿kf rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷ hgf

ljj/0f gf}a:tf uflj;–*lub/k'/sf !( jifL{o/fhaxfb'/ yf¿nfO{@)%( ebf} !$ ut]gf}a:tf uflj;–* af6lr;fkfgL uflj;–! l:ytlr;fkfgL Aof/]ssf]zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]

6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft5. /fhaxfb'/sf a'af r'naxfb'/ @)%( ebf} @^ut] lr;fkfgL Aof/]sdf hfFbf 5f]/f leq 5 eg] tfklg e]6g lbOPsf] lyPg. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-@&_ ;Ltf/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* df3 !! ÷ @! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ;fpg !( 36gf:yn M gf}a:tf uflj;–*

219


k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M gf}a:tf uflj;–*

af]l/ª a:tL afa'sf] gfd M klt/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M r]/]Grf yf¿ /

c~hgf yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f gf}a:tf uflj;–* af]l/ª a:tLsf @! jifL{o;Ltf/fd yf¿nfO{ @)%( ;fpg !( ut]lr;fkfgL Aof/]saf6 cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] gf}a:tf uflj;–* kmsnk'/df lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

@* s0f{axfb'/ rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* df3 @%÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ;fpg @(36gf:yn M gf}a:tf uflj;–*k]zf M dhb"/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M gf}a:tf uflj;–*afa'sf] gfd M s[i0faxfb'/ rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M b"/klt rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lx/f rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ÷! hgf

ljj/0f gf}a:tf uflj;–* @! jifL{o s0f{axfb'/ rf}w/LnfO{@)%( ;fpg @( ut] lr;fkfgL Aof/]saf6cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] gf}a:tfuflj;–* kmsnk'/df lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] ;ftlbgkl5 3/d} NofP/ kl/jf/;Fu e]63f6 u/fP/lkmtf{ nu]sf] lyof]. To;kl5 s0f{axfb'/sf] cj:yfc1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@(_ e"k]Gb| pk|]tLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@@ ebf} @)÷ #*jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ @#36gf:yn M g]kfnu~h

gu/kflnsf–!k]zf M Jofkf/:yfoL 7]ufgf M g]kfnu~h

gu/kflnsf–! wDaf]hLafa'sf] gfd M lgnk|;fb pk|]tLcfdfsf] gfd M 6]sdfof pk|]tLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M rGb|snf pk|]tL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @ ÷! hgf

ljj/0fg]kfnu~h gkf–!sf#*jifL{o e"k]Gb| pk|]tLnfO{@)^) dª\l;/ @# ut]Ogfdgu/ /femfsf] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]g]kfnu~h gkf–! Af6lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] lyof].pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#)_ ldngL rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$# ;fn÷!^ jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @& ut]36gf:yn M gf}a:tf uflj;–^k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M gf}a:tf uflj;–*

g]pnfk'/afa'sf] gfd M ljZjgfy rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M lj:dltof rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

220


ljj/0f gf}a:tf uflj;–* g]pnfk'/ lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ !^ jifL{o ldngL rf}w/LnfO{@)%( h]7 @& ut] gf}a:tf uflj;–^ k]8f/Laf6zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-#!_ /fhf/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ j}zfv ! ut]

@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ !(36gf:yn M gf}a:tf uflj;–& k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M gf}a:tf uflj;–& ufe/afa'sf] gfd M sfnLk|;fb yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M :j u+ub}of yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kfj{tL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷ @hgf

ljj/0fgf}a:tf uflj;–& ufe/s@& jifL{o /fhf/fdyf¿nfO{ @)%( c;f/!( ut] /flt !) ah]eLdsfnL u'Ndlr;fkfgLaf6 cfPsf]zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df

pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.c;f/ @) ut] lu/km\tf/eO ef]lnkN6 l/xf ePsf ;f]xL uflj;sf /fd'rf}w/Ln] /fhf/fdnfO{ lr;fkfgLdf b]v]sf] atfP.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#@_ wgs'df/L rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ c;f]h @^÷ @$jif{lnª\u M dlxnf

36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; @( ut]36gf:yn M lr;fkfgL uflj;–!k]zf M ljBfyL{,jfu]Zj/L ax'd'vL

SofDk;:yfoL 7]ufgf M /em]gf uflj;–% s[i0fgu/afa'sf] gfd M ;lt/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M k|b]zgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f /em]gf uflj;–%s[i0fgu/sL @$ jifL{owgs'df/L rf}w/LnfO}@)%* k'; @( ut] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfn] u'Ndaf6a]kQf kf/]sf] lyof].lr;fkfgL Aof/]ssfSofK6]g /d]z :jfF/n]

@)%* k'; @* ut] ;fFem 3/df cfP/ lr;fkfgLAof/]s cfpg eg]kl5 wgs'df/L k'; @( ut]u'Nddf uPsL lyOg\. wgs'df/LnfO{ e]6\g pgsLcfdf k|b]zgL / alxgL /fds'df/L lr;fkfgLAof/]sdf hfFbf wgs'df/L TofxfF gePsf] atfOof].@)%* df3 @* ut] wgs'df/Lsf a'af ;}lgs hjfgn] pgnfO{ s'6lk6 u/L ef]lnkN6cfpg eg]sf] lyof]. ef]]lnkN6 pgnfO{ SofK6]g/d]z :JfFf/n] aGb"ssf] s'Gbfn] lxsf{O cfOGbfgcfpg" eg]sf lyP. lu/km\tf/ eP/ Aof/]sdf/flvPsf /em]gf uflj;sf k|]daxfb'/ yfkfn]wgs'df/LnfO{ k'; @( ut] SofDkdf b]v]sf]kl/jf/hgnfO{ atfPsf lyP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-##_ kjg yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) ;fn÷ !( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ !^36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–$k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M /em]gf uflj;–@ d}6xjf

221


afa'sf] gfd M k|;fb yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M rd/L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]

ljj/0f /em]gf uflj;–@d}6xjfsf !( jifL{o kjgyf¿nfO{ @)%( c;f/!^ ut] eLdsfnL u'Ndlr;fkfgLsf] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] sf]xnk'/uflj;–$ rKk/uf}8Laf6lu/km\tf/ u/sf]df pgsf]

cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-#$_ km"n/fh rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## dª\l;/ !) ut]

@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !#36gf:yn M gf}a:tf uflj;–*k]zf M Jofkf/:yfoL 7]ufgf M gf}a:tf uflj;–*

algofef/afa'sf] gfd M sfn'/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M r}gL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M wlgof yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷ !hgf

ljj/0f gf}a:tf uflj;–* algo-fef/sf @$ jifL{okm"n/fh rf}w/LnfO{ @)%(k'; @( ut] ;f]xLuflj;–* af6 zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]


g]kfn k|x/L

-#%_ k|zf/fd jnLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!( ebf} !* ÷ #(lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @% ut]36gf:yn M s6s'Oof–$, afFs]k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ljgf}gf –!, afFs]afa'sf] gfd M :j= ch'{g jnLkTgLsf] gfd M nIdLb]jL jnL

ljj/0fljgf}gf ulfj;–! sf #(jifL{o k|zf/fd jnLnfO{dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/]fkdf@)%* kmfu'g @% ut];Ldf k|x/L rf}sLs6s'OofFsf k|x/Ln] ;f]xL7fpFaf6 lu/km\tf/ u/Lj]kQf kf/]. kLl8t

kl/jf/n] d[To' btf{ u/fPsf 5g\.

-#^_ eLdnfn sfdLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* sflt{s @* ut]

@)lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @% ut]36gf:yn M s6s'OofF–$, afFs]k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ljgf}gf –!, afFs]afa'sf] gfd M 5ljnfn sfdLcfdfsf] gfd M kfj{tL sfdLkTGfLsf] gfd M lx/f sfdL5f]/f 5f]/Lsf] ;ª\Vof M @

222


ljj/0fuª\ufk'/ uflj;–$/fdk'/sf @) jifL{oeLdnfn sfdLnfO{dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf@)%* kmfu'g @% ut]s6s'OofF uflj;sf] ;'OofFufpFaf6 ;Ldf k|x/Lrf}sLsf k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/

u/L j]kQf kf/]. kLl8tsf kl/jf/n] 8/qf;sfsf/0f st] ph'/L u/]gg\.

-#&_ aL/axfb'/ a'9fdu/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ dª\l;/ ÷ ##lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%( ;fpg $ ut]36gf:yn M lkk/xjf–!, afFs]k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ljgf}gf –$, afFs]afa'sf] gfd M :j= uHh] a'9fcfdfsf] gfd M gg;/L a'9fkTGfLsf] gfd M d~hnL a'9f 5f]/f 5f]/Lsf] ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fljgf}gf uflj;–$lrnx/Lofsf ## jifL{oaL/axfb'/ a'9fdu/nfO{dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf@)%( ;fpg % ut]lbpF;f] ;Ldf k|x/L rf}sLhd'gfxfsf k|x/Ln]lkk|xjf uflj;–!

hd'gfxfaf6 lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]. kLl8tkl/jf/ k|x/L sfof{nodf a'em\g hfFbf lu/km\tf/gul/Psf] k|x/Ln] atfof].

-#*_ /fdk|;fb kf]v/]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@& j}zfv #!÷ #!jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* df3 !#

36gf:yn M dxfb]jk'/L uflj;–*k]zf M sd{rf/L, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#

a;kfs{afa'sf] gfd M j]blglw kf]v/]ncfdfsf] gfd M d'lQmdfof kf]v/]nj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M rGb|snf ;'j]bL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@ hgf

ljj/0fsf]xnk'/ uflj;–# a;kfs{ lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ #! jifL{o /fdk|;fbkf]v/]nnfO{ @)%* df3 !# ut] laxfg dxfb]jk'/Luflj;–* k]gf/Laf6 ;z:q k|x/L an;dz]/u~hsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. pgnfO{ Ps xKtf;Dd;dz]/u~h Aof/]sdf /fv]kl5 lr;fkfgLAof/]ssf SofK6]g /d]z :jfF/n] a'em]/ nu]sflyP.pgsL kTgLsf cg'';f/ /d]z :jfF/n] b'Ok6s3/df cfP/ & nfv ?lkof / u/uxgf;d]t nu]sflyP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k !nfv ?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#(_ h'gs'df/L 3tL{ du/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% ;fn ;fpg ^

@) jif{lnª\u M dlxnf 36gf ldlt M @)%% df3 @$36gf:yn M jfu]Zj/L uflj;–!k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M kmQ]k'/ uflj;–* xa|xjfafa'sf] gfd M dgaxfb'/ 3tL{du/cfdfsf] gfd M sf}lznf du/j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f kmQ]k'/ uflj;–* xa|xjf lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ @) jifL{of h'gs'df/L 3tL{ du/nfO{

223


@)%% df3 @$ ut]Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nowgf}nLsf] k|x/Ln]jfu]Zj/L uflj;–!vh'/faf6 lu/km\tf/u/L a]kQf kf/]. pgsfa'af dgaxfb'/nfO{ klgdfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf

@)%% kmfu'gdf / kl5Nnf] k6s @)^) ;fndf;f]gjif{f SofDksf] ;'/IffsdL{n] lu/km\tf/ u/L #!lbg;Dd oftgf lbPsf] lyof]. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-$)_ dgaxfb'/ yfkfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ c;f/ @) ut]

@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% df3 !$36gf:yn M kmQ]k'/ uflj;–*k]zf M s[lif, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M kmQ]k'/ uflj;–*afa'sf] gfd M s/jL/ yfkfcfdfsf] gfd M :j lbNnf 3tL{j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f kmQ]k'/ uflj;–* lgjf;Lg]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{@! jifL{o dgaxfb'/yfkfnfO{ @)%% df3 !$ut] k|x/L rf}sL kmQ]k'/sf]k|x/Ln] kmQ]k'/ uflj;–*e}F;Lvf]nfaf6 lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf

c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k s'g} ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$!_ 6]saxfb'/ ljshGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ sflQs !^ ÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !# ut] 36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#afa'sf] gfd M nfnaxfb'/ ljscfdfsf] gfd M /]jtL ljsj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f sf]xnk'/ uflj;–# sf @# jifL{o 6]saxfb'/ljsnfO{ @)%( j}zfv !# ut] Onfsf k|x/Lsfof{no sf]xnk'/sf] k|x/Ln] sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#lkknrf}tf/faf6 lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. pgL;Fu} lu/km\tf/ ul/PsL uf]dfzfxLnfO{ k|x/Ln] kfFr lbgkl5 l/xf u/]sf] lyof].kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$@_ uf]kfn ljshGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) j}zfv ! ÷!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !#36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#k]zf M dhb"/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf]xnk'/ ulfj;–#afa'sf] gfd M /fdaxfb'/ ljscfdfsf] gfd M :j ;'GtnL ljsj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f sf]xnk'/ ulfj;–# sf !( jifL{o uf]kfn ljsnfO{@)%( j}zfv !# ut] /flt 3/df ;'lt/x]sf] a]nfOnfsf k|x/L sfof{no sf]xnk'/sf] k|x/L 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.pgL;Fu} lu/km\tf/ ePsL uf]df zfxLnfO{ k|x/Ln]kfFr lbgkl5 l/xf u/]sf] lyof].

224


-$#_ dx]Gb| jnLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) sflQs &÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @$36gf:yn M lkk/xjf ulj;–!k]zf M ljBfyL{ :yfoL 7]ufgf M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#

xl:k6n /f]8afa'sf] gfd M hª\uaxfb'/ jnLcfdfsf] gfd M em'dfb]jL jnLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#xl:k6n /f]8sf !* jifL{odx]Gb| jnLnfO{ @)%*kmfu'g @$ ut] hd'gfxfk|x/Ln] lkk/xjf ulj;–!hd'gfxf rf]saf6lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. cfkm\gf

5f]/fnfO{ vf]Hg lr;fkfgL Aof/]s uPsf a'afnfO{SofK6]g /d]z :jfF/n] dx]Gb|nfO{ lu/km\tf/ gu/]sf]hfgsf/L u/fPsf lyP. pgn] dx]Gb|sf cfdfa'afnfO{ 3/d} uP/ s'6]sf lyP. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$$_ lxSdt lji6hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) j}zfv !

!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !#36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#k]zf M dhb"/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#

sfnLsfgu/afa'sf] gfd M bfgaxfb'/ lji6cfdfsf] gfd M 7"df lji6j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M zld{nf lji65f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷ !hgf

ljj/0f sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#sfnLsfgu/sf !( jifL{olxSdt lji6nfO{ @)%(j}zfv !# ut] /flt3/df ;'lt/x]sf] a]nfOnfsf k|x/L sfof{nosf]xnk'/sf] k|x/Ln]lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]

cj:yf c1ft 5.pgL;Fu} lu/km\tf/ ePsL uf]dfzfxL kfFr lbgkl5 l/xf ePsL lyOg\. k|x/Ln]lji6nfO{ lu/km\tf/kZrft\ zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{a'emfPsf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] kl/jf/sf] egfO 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$%_ /fdldng jflNdsLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% ;fn ÷ @$jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !# 36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#

sfnLgu/afa'sf] gfd M ;'s}nfn aflNdsLcfdfsf] gfd M d}sL aflNdsLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M wGgf] aflNdsL 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ) ÷ @ hgf

ljj/0f sf]xnk'/ uflj;–# sfnLgu/sf @$ jifL{o /fdld-ng jflNdsLnfO{ @)%( j}zfv !# ut] /flt3/df ;'lt/x]sf] a]nf Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nosf]xnk'/sf] k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. pgL;Fu} lu/km\tf/ ePsL uf]dfzfxL kfFr lbgkl5 l/xf ePsL lyOg\. k|x/Ln]lji6nfO{ lu/km\tf/kZrft\ zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{a'emfPsf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] kl/jf/sf] egfO 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

225


-$^_ 808axfb'/ sfsL{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!% ;fn ÷ $) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% h]7 !@36gf:yn M a8fufp“ uflj;–%,

;Nofgk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M /em]gf uflj;–@ 8«fOe/

6f]nafa'sf] gfd M :j l8nf/fd sfsL{cfdfsf] gfd M :j cd[tL sfsL{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M gf]vL sfsL{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷ @hgf

ljj/0f /em]gf uflj;–@ 8«fOe/ 6f]n lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ #(jifL{o 808axfb'/ sfsL{nfO{@)%% h]7 !@ ut] ;Nofg lhNnfsf] a8fufpFuflj;–% af6 Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no/fu]rf}/dd{sf] k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-$&_ wgl;x sfdLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!# df3 @(

$^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !#36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#k]zf M dhb"/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#

sfnLgu/afa'sf] gfd M :j jL/] sfdL cfdfsf] gfd M :j ;'zLnf sfdLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M b]p;/f sfdL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷ !hgf

ljj/0f sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#sfnLgu/sf $^ jifL{owgl;x sfdLnfO{ @)%(j}zfv !# ut] /flt3/df ;'lt/x]sf] a]nfOnfsf k|x/L sfof{nosf]xnk'/sf] k|x/Ln]lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]

cj:yf c1ft 5. pgL;Fu} lu/km\tf/ ePsL uf]dfzfxL kfFr lbgkl5 l/xf ePsL lyOg\. k|x/Ln]sfdLnfO{ lu/km\tf/kZrft\ zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{a'emfPsf] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] kl/jf/sf] egfO 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$*_ hujL/ k'ghGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* ÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% r}t @% ut]36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf, sf]xnk'/

uflj;–$, lga'jfk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M afFs] lhNnf, sf]xnk'/

uflj;–$, lga'jfafa'sf] gfd M df]tLnfn k'gcfdfsf] gfd M b]jL k'gj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M xfn csf]{ ljjfx u/]sL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fsf]xnk'/ uflj;–$ lgjf;L $) jifL{o hujL/k'gnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf @)%% r}t @%ut] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no sf]xnk'/n] sf]xnk'/uflj;–$ lga'jf ufpFl:yt a;Gt k'/Lsf] 3/af6lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]. k|x/Ln] pgL;Fulu/km\tf/ u/]sf ;f]xL :yfgsf k|]daxfb'/ ljsnfO{klg a]kQf kf/]sf lyP. kLl8tkIf Onfsf k|x/L

226


sfof{no sf]xnk'/df @)%% r}t @& ut] ;f]WghfFbf u]6df a:g] k|x/Ln] sfof{noleq hfg lbPgg\/ hujL/ ToxfF gePsf] atfP. pgsf] kl/jf/n]lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 /fxt:j?k ! nfv?lkofF k|fKt u¥of].

-$(_ k|ltdf uf}tdhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& r}t *÷@@ ut]lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( dª\l;/ @% ut]36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf, p9/fk'/

uflj;–@k]zf M /fhgLlt, cg]/f:jljo'

afFs] Pl/of sld6L ;b:o:yfoL 7]ufgf M afFs] lhNnf, ;Ltfk'/

uflj;–&, aL af]l/ªafa'sf] gfd M sfGt'/fd uf}tdcfdfsf] gfd M od;/f uf}tdj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f;Ltfk'/ uflj;–& lgjf;Lcg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_sf Pl/ofsld6L ;b:o @@ jifL{ofk|ltdf uf}td afFs]lhNnfsf] ljBfyL{;ª\u7gsf] clwj]zgsf]tof/Lsf] qmddf p9/fk'/

uflj;–@, k'/}gL ufpFdf /x]sf] cj:yfdf @)%(dª\l;/ @% ut] lbpF;f] # ah] Onfsf k|x/Lsfof{no, wgf}nLsf k|x/Ln] ufpF 3]/f xfnLlu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]. lu/km\tf/LkZrft\pgnfO{ k|x/Ln] s'6\b} glhs}sf] l;dnsf] ?v;Dd k'¥ofO{ hLkdf xfn]/ nu]sf lyP. ;f]7fpFdf /x]sf cGo dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ efu] klgpgL efUg g;s]sfn] k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/]sf lyP.pgsf] kl/jf/n] /fxt ;xof]u k|fKt u/]sf] 5}g.

-%)_ b]jLk|;fb clwsf/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@( ebf} !@ ÷#) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !$ ut] 36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf, sf]xnk'/

uflj;–*, lkk/L gofFa:tL

k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL Pl/of sld6L ;b:o

:yfoL 7]ufgf M @)%( j}zfv !$ ut] afa'sf] gfd M nf]sgfy clwsf/Lcfdfsf] gfd M rGb|snf clwsf/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M l8ns'df/L clwsf/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M # hgf

ljj/0fsf]xnk'/ uflj;–# lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbL Pl/ofsld6L ;b:o #) jifL{o b]jLk|;fb clwsf/LnfO{@)%( j}zfv !$ ut] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nosf]nxk'/sf k+|x/Ln] sf]xnk'/ uflj;–* lkk/LgofFa:tLaf6 lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/].lu/km\tf/kZrft\ pgnfO{ Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no,sf]xnk'/ nluPsf] lof]. b]jLk|;fb eGg] JolQmnfO{cfkm"x?n] kqmfp gu/]sf] k|x/Ln] atfP. pgsf]lu/km\tf/Lkl5 klg ;'/IffsdL{n] k6sk6s 3/dfcfO{ lk6\g] / ceb| Jojxf/ ug{] u/]sf]kl/jf/hgn] atfP. kLl8tsf kl/jf/n] lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{noaf6 ! nfv ?k}ofF k|fKt u¥of].

-%!_ kljqf jnLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( j}zfv !) ut]

!^ jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%% df3 @% ut]36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf, afu]Zj/L

uflj;–!, vh'/fk]zf M ljBfyL{, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL ;b:o

227


:yfoL 7]ufgf M afFs] lhNnf, dxfb]jk'/L uflj;–@, a'rfk'/

afa'sf] gfd M jL/axfb'/ jnLcfdfsf] gfd M lnnf jnLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fdxfb]jk'/L uflj;–@ sL !^ jifL{of kljqf jnL /kmQ]k'/ uflj;–* sL @! jifL{o h'g's'df/L 3tL{du/nfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf @)%% df3 @%ut] ;fFem % ah] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nog]kfnu~hsf k|x/Ln] afu]Zj/L uflj;–!vh'/faf6 lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]. kLl8tsfkl/jf/n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 ! nfv?k}ofF k|fKt u¥of].

-%@_ ;'gLtf ;fksf]6fhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## h]7 ^ ut] ÷@^jif{ lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h @# ut] 36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf,

emnf/L uflj;–&, emnf/L

k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL lhNnf sld6L ;b:o

:yfoL 7]ufgf M afFs] lhNnf, sf]xnk'/ uflj;–$, rKk/uf}8L

afa'sf] gfd M cf]dk|sfz ;fksf]6fcfdfsf] gfd M ;fljqf ;fksf]6fj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M n]vgfy kf}8]n5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ! ÷)

ljj/0fsf]xnk'/ uflj;–& sL @^ jifL{of ;'gLtf;fksf]6fnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf @)%( c;f]h@# ut] s~rgk'/ lhNnf, emnf/L uflj;–&,emnf/Laf6 Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no emnf/Lsfk|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]. pgL;Fu}

s~rgk'/ lhNnf /fdk'/ljnf;k'/ uflj;–% sfu0f]z rf}w/L;lxt cGo gfd yfxf gePsf PshgfnfO{ klg ;f]xL lbg k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/]sflyP. kLl8tsf kl/jf/n] lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{noaf6 ! nfv ?k}ofF k|fKt u¥of].

-%#_ k|]daxfb'/ ljshGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ df3 @% ÷ !(jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% df3 @%36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–$k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–$

d;'/Lv]tafa'sf] gfd M /fdaxfb'/ lascfdfsf] gfd M 9f]ngL ljsj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f sf]xnk'/ uflj;–$ d;'/Lv]tsf !(jifL{ok|]daxfb'/ ljsnfO{ @)%% df3 @% ut] ;fFem &ah] sf]xnk'/ uflj;–$ lga'jf a'4v]tl:yt j;Gtk'/Lsf] 3/df al;/x]sf] a]nf Onfsf k|x/Lsfof{no sf]xnk'/af6 cfPsf] k|x/Ln] b'j} hgfnfO{lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] lyof]. j;Gt k'/LnfO{ s]xLlbgkl5 l/xf ul/Psf] lyof] eg] k|]dnfn ljssf]cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%$_ sdfgl;+x k''ghGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^k'; @&÷!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% ebf} @) 36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–$

d;'/Lv]tafa'sf] gfd M hutdfg k'gcfdfsf] gfd M uf}dtL k'gj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

228


ljj/0f sf]xnk'/ uflj;–$ d;'/Lv]tsf !( jif{ sdfgl;+xk'gnfO{ @)%% ebf} @) sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#Pgl;l;Pgsf] kl/;/af6 k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. dfcf]jfbLsf]hgd'lQm ;]gfsf ;b:o /x]sf a'9fnfO{ ebf} @%ut];Dd sf]xnk'/ Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nodf/flvPsf] lyof]. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%%_ dbg yf? -/f]lxt_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% sflQs ! ut]

@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv @( ut]36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf, l6l6lxl/of

uflj;–&, yk'jfk]zf M /fhgLl, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

hgd'lQm ;]gf:yfoL 7]ufgf M afFs] lhNnf, l6l6lxl/of

uflj;–$, u'?bofnk'/afa'sf] gfd M nfnaxfb'/ yf?cfdfsf] gfd M /fdsnL yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @ hgf

ljj/0fl6l6lxl/of uflj;–$, u'?bofnk'/sf @$ jifL{o/f]lxt elgg] dbg yf?nfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf@)%( j}zfv @( ut] laxfg & ah] sf]xnk'/l:yt;z:q k|x/Ln] l6l6lxl/of uflj;–& yk'jfaf6lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]. pgsf] kl/jf/n] lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{noaf6 /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?k}ofFk|fKt u¥of].

-%^_ hLtaxfb'/ k'g -z/0f_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& sflQs ÷ @@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv @(36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–$

k]zf M /fhgLlt g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf Pl/of ;b:o

:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–$ d;'/Lv]t

afa'sf] gfd M df]ltnfn k'g cfdfsf] gfd M :j b]jL k'g j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f sf]xnk'/ uflj;–$d;'/Lv]t lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf Pl/of ;b:oz/0f elgg] @@ jifL{ohLtaxfb'/ k'gnfO{@)%( j}zfv @( ut]/flt !@ ah] 3/glhs}/x]sf] cj:yfdf Onfsf

k|x/L sfof{no sf]xnk'/af6 cfPsf] k|x/Lsf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf¥of]. k'gnfO{ 8]9jif{;Dd afFs] sf/fuf/df /flvPsf] lyof] hxfFaf6pgn] P;Pn;L k/LIff klg lbPsf lyP. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%&_ df]xgnfn jnLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ h]7 #!÷ #!jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%% h]7 @*36gf:yn M dxfb]jk'/L uflj;–%

9s]/Lk]zf M lzIf0f, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M dxfb]jk'/L uflj;–%

9s]/Lafa'sf] gfd M r'8fl;+x cf]nLcfdfsf] gfd M ;]tL jnLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /Ltf jnL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷ hgf

229


ljj/0f dxfb]jk'/L uflj;–%9s]/Lsf #!jifL{odf]xgnfn jnLnfO{@)%% h]7 @* ut] /flt!@ ah] 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]a]nf ;dz]/u~h k|x/Lrf}sLsf] k|x/L 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]


g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6

-%*_ nfnaxfb'/ 8fuLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))% ;fn÷ %%jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @ 36gf:yn M srgfk'/ uflj;–!k]zf M Jofkf/, g]skf Pdfn]

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M srgfk'/ uflj;–!

cu}ofafa'sf] gfd M rGb|jL/ 8fFuLcfdfsf] gfd M gv'n]sf]j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ugdtL 8fFuL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷ hgf

ljj/0f srgfk'/ uflj;–! cu}of%%jifL{o nfnaxfb'/8fFuLnfO{ @)^) c;f]h @ut]@)^) c;f]h @ ut]/ftL dfcf]jfbLsf]dª\un;]g a6flnogsf;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] 3/af6}ckx/0f u/]sf]df pgsf]

cj:Yff c1ft 5. pQm 6f]nLn] 8fFuLsf] 3/tf]8kmf]8 ug'{sf ;fy} & xhf/ /lkof / k;ndf

ePsf ;fdfg klg n'6]/ nu]sf lyP. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%(_ w|'jk|sfz >]i7hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!* c;f/ !#

$@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) ;fpg !(36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–$k]zf M Jofkf/:yfoL 7]ufgf M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–$

rKk/uf}8Lafa'sf] gfd M e/tdfg >]i7cfdfsf] gfd M rGb|s'df/L >]i7j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M sf}lzNof >]i75f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ÷@ hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0f sf]xnk'/ uflj;–$rKk/uf}8Lsf $@ jifL{ow|'jk|sfz >]i7nfO{@)^) ;fpg !( ut]/flt 3/df al;/x]sf]a]nf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n]ckx/0f u/]sf]df pgsf]

cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j?k s'g} ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-^)_ ef]h/fh 9sfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# kmfu'g !! ut]

#& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) ebf} @% ut] 36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf, sf]xnk'/

uflj;–*, lkk/L k]zf M s[lif, g]skf Pdfn]

sfo{stf{

230


:yfoL 7]ufgf M afFs] lhNnf, sf]xnk'/ uflj;–*, lkk/L

afa'sf] gfd M r'8fdl0f 9sfncfdfsf] gfd M lji0f'dfof 9sfnj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M xfn bf];|f] ljjfx u/]sf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ! ÷@ cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ! hgf

ljj/0fsf]xnk'/ uflj;–% lkk/Llgjf;L g]skf Pdfn]sfo{stf{ #& jifL{oef]h/fh 9sfnnfO{dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf]lxtljk/Lt sfd u/]sf]cf/f]kdf @)^) ebf} @%ut] lbpF;f] # ah] 3/df

a'afsf] >f4 ub{} u/]sf] cj:yfdf dfcf]jfbLn] >f4ug{ glbO{ Ps l5g sfd 5 egL 3/af6} ckx/0fu/]. ckx/0f u/]sf] lbgsf] /flt sf]xnk'/uflj;–& /h8'jf glhssf] h+undf sf]xnk'/uflj;–* sf a;Gt >]i7n] pgnfO{ b]v]sf lyP.pgL;Fu ckx/0fdf k/]sf ;f]xL :yfgsf b08kfl0fzdf{ / a;Gt >]i7 ef]lnkN6 efu]/ kmls{P.pgLx?sf cg';f/ ef]h/fhnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] w]/}oftgf lbPsf lyP. oftgfs} sf/0f pgL sAhfaf6efUg g;s]sf] >]i7n] atfP. 9sfnsf 5f]/fnfO{nf; km]nf kfl/Psf] eGb} ufpFn]n] s'zsf] nf;agfP/ clGtd ;+:sf/ ug{ nufPsf] kLl8tsLcfdfn] atfOg\. pgsf] 5f]/fsf] nf; gkfPsf]n]

cfkm" 5f]/f dfl/Psf] :jLsfg{ tof/ g/x]sf]atfOg\. pgsf] kl/jf/n] /fxt /sd k|fKt u/]sf]5}g.

-^!_ efuL/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% k''; @) ÷@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! Dff3 ! ut]36gf:yn M kmQ]k'/ uflj;–&, afs]k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M kmQ]k'/ uflj;–&,

emk/tNnLafa'sf] gfd M dfw'/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M sfnL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M h'udfgL / pdfs'df/L

yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷ @hgf

ljj/0f kmQ]k'/ uflj;–&emk/tNnLsf @^ jifL{oefuL/fd yf¿nfO{dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf]lxtljk/Lt sfd u/]sf]cf/f]kdf @)^! Dff3 !ut] pgs} ufpFaf6dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f

u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

231


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6

-!_ j;Gt' yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% dª\l;/ !@ ut]

@$ jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs # ut]36gf:yn M abfnk'/ uflj;–(

abfnk'/,alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M abfnk'/ uflj;–(

abfnk'/afa'sf] gfd M e/tdl0f yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M nIdL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M af“wL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^

ljj/0f abfnk'/ uflj;–(abfnk'/sf @$ jifL{oj;Gt' yf¿nfO{ @)%(sflQs # ut] k|x/L, ;]gf/ ;z:q k|x/Lsf] ;+o'Qm6f]nLn] 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf p7fP/ nu]/a]kQf kf/]sf

lyP.pgnfO{ dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;sf] ljBfnodf:yfgLo afl;Gbfn] sflQs % ut] b]v]sf] kLl8tkl/jf/sf] egfO 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noalb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-@_ b'Zklt yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@! ebf} % ut]

#( jif{36gf ldlt M @)^) sflQs !% ut]36gf:yn M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$,

8Nnf, alb{of lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$,

8Nnfafa'sf] gfd M 5]b" yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M kxf/L yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@

ljj/0f ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$, 8Nnfsf #( jifL{o b'Zkltyf¿nfO{ @)^) sflQs !% ut] 9f]9/L uflj;–$wgf}/fsf] g]kfn /fli6«o k|fljaf6 ;+o'Qm a]njfk|x/L rf}sLaf6 cfPsf] ;+o'Qm ;'/Iffkmf}hn]lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]sf] lyof] .kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/af6 s'g} Ifltk"lt pknAwu/fOPsf] 5}g. b'Zklt g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf n8fs"lyP.

-#_ e'jgs'df/ yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* k'''; @@ ut]

@! jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !^ ut]lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !^ ut]36gf:yn M du/fu8L uflj;–*,lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ uflj;–&,

alb{ofafa'sf] gfd M cd[tnfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M /fds[i0fL yf¿ j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M l/;dlg yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

232


$=^ alb{of


ljj/0f df]ltk'/ uflj;–& sf @!jifL{o e'jgs'df/yf¿nfO{ @)%( ebf} !^ut] sfdsf] vf]hLdfdx]Gb|gu/ x'Fb} a;dfuO/x]sf] cj:yfdfMdu/fu8L uflj;–* df/Ddfk'/df k'u]kl5

;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] uf8L /f]s]/ pgL;lxt ;ft hgfnfO{lgoGq0fdf lnP/ cfkm};Fu lnP/ uPsf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.pgL;Fu} lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf t]ª\g'yf¿ Ps dlxgfkl5 l/xf ePsf lyP. pgsf]egfO cg';f/ e'jgnufot ;Fu} kqmfp k/]sf;a}nfO{{ /Ddfk'/ Aof/]sdf rf/ lbg;Dd b]v]sflyP.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] s'g} /fxtpknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-$_ e'vnfn yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)##÷@^ jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !^ ut]36gf:yn M du/fu8L uflj;–*,

alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ uflj;–&,alb{of afa'sf] gfd M hut/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M kTof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !@

ljj/0f df]ltk'/ uflj;–&sf @^jifL{o e'vnfn yf¿nfO{@)%( ebf} !^ ut]sfdsf] vf]hLdfdx]Gb|gu/ x'Fb} a;dfuO/x]sf] cj:yfdfMdu/fu8L uflj;–* df/Ddfk'/df k'u]kl5 ;]gfsf]

6f]nLn] uf8L /f]s]/ pgL;lxt ;ft hgfnfO{lgoGq0fdf lnP/ cfkm};Fu lnP/ uPsf]df pgsf]

cj:yf c1ft 5.pgL;Fu} lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf t]ª\g'yf¿ Ps dlxgfkl5 l/xf ePsf lyP. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j¿ ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%_ ;'vlnof yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## ;fn÷@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h @@36gf:yn M 8p9snf ulj;–#,

alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dgfp uflj;–#,

alb{ofafa'sf] gfd M df]xgnfn yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M km"ns]z/L yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷#

ljj/0f dgfp uflj;–# sf @^ jifL{o ;'vlnof yf¿nfO{@)%( c;f]h @@ ut] 8p9snf ulj;–#zflGtgu/af6 zfxL g]kfnL ;]gsf] 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5..kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k s'g};xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-^_ bLks /f]sfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! Dff3 !) ut]

@* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 !! ut]36gf:yn M 9f]9/L uflj;–*,alb{ofk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M tf/ftfn uflj;–&,

wd{j:tLafa'sf] gfd M dLgaxfb'/ /f]sfcfdfsf] gfd M nfnLb]jL /f]sfj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

233


ljj/0f tf/ftfn uflj;–& wd{j:tLsf @* jifL{obLks /f]sfnfO{ @)%( h]7 !! ut] 9f]9/Luflj;–&df /x]sf] ;+o'Qm ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] 6f]nLn]afFb/cl6of ufpFaf6 lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j¿k s'g} ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-&_ Zofdaxfb'/ yfkfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!* ;fn÷#* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% ;fpg @$ 36gf:yn M du/fu9L ufj;–*k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M g]pnfk'/ uflj;–%l;+xaflxgLafa'sf] gfd M n]fx/L yfkfcfdfsf] gfd M h;L yfkfj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;fljqL yfkf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@ hgf

ljj/0f g]pnfk'/ uflj;–%l;+xaflxgLsf #* jifL{oZofdaxfb'/ yfkfnfO{@)%% ;fpg @$ /fltdu/fu9L ufj;–* sfa'w/fd yf¿sf] 3/af6lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t

kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k s'g} ;xof]upknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-*_ rdf/L yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!% h]7 %÷$$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @ ut]36gf:yn M wwjf/ uflj;–&, alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M wwjf/ uflj;–&, b"wfafa'sf] gfd M levf/L yf¿

cfdfsf] gfd M hugL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M dGt'l/of yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ! ÷!

ljj/0f wwjf/ uflj;–&sf $$jifLo{ rdf/Lyf¿nfO{@)%( h]7 ! ut]cfkm\g} v]t hf]lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf du/fu9Luflj; /Ddfk'/l:ytAof/]saf6 cfPsf];'/IffsdL{sf] 6f]nLn]

lgoGq0fdf lnP/ Aof/]s nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j¿k s'g} ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-(_ /fhaxfb'/ rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! df3 !) ut]

@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t & ut]36gf:yn M wwjf/ uflj;–&, alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M wwjf/ uflj;–&,

yfgkm]gfafa'sf] gfd M euf}tL yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M kf]GgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;Gt/fgL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@

ljj/0f wwjf/ uflj;–&yfgkm]gfsf @& jifL{o/fhaxfb'/ rf}w/LnfO{@)%* r}t & ut]f 3/dfal;/x]sf a]nf du/fu9Luflj; /Ddfk'/l:ytAof/]saf6 cfPsf]

234


;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] tfnLd 5 eGb} af]nfP/ nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. pgL;Fu} nluPsf wwjf/uflj;–@ sf uf]kfn rf}w/L , dlg/fd yf¿ /wwjf/ uflj;–&ssf dfgaxfb'/ e08f/LnfO{ To;}lbg l/xf ul/Psf] lyof]. kLl8t kl/jf/n] /Ddfk'/Aof/]sdf uP/ a'em\bf /fhaxfb'/nfO{ gNofOPsf]hfgsf/L lbOPsf] lyof]. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!)_ wgL/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* ebf} !) ut]÷@)jifL{olnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @& ut]36gf:yn M wwjf/ uflj;–&k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M wwjf/ uflj;–& b"wfafa'sf] gfd M /fdnf}6g yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M km"ndlt yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷! hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0fwwjf/ uflj;–& b"wfsf@) jifL{o wgL/fdyf¿nfO{ @)%* r}t @&ut] du/fu9L uflj;/Ddfk'/ Aof/]saf6cfPsf] ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] Psl5g ;f]wk'5 ug'{ 5 eGb}3/af6} lnP/ uPsf lyP.

ef]lnkN6 /Ddfk'/ Aof/]sdf a'em\g hfFbfkl/jf/hgnfO{ gNofPsf] hafkm lbOPsf]lyof].@)%( ebf} @$ ut] kl/jf/sf ;b:on]lr;fkfgL Aof/]ssf SofK6]g /d]z :jfF/nfO{kmf]gdf ;f]4f pgn] wgL/fdnfO{ ;f]wk'5 u/]/ l/xful/Psf] atfPsf] kl/jf/sf] egfO 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!!_ eLdaxfb'/ yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!* ;fn÷$! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv $ ut]36gf:yn M wwjf/ uflj;–#, alb{ofk]zf M lzIf0f:yfoL 7]ufgf M wwjf/ uflj;–#

stlg{ofafa'sf] gfd M nfn" yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M em'7/d'G8L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;f]gfklt yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷! hgf

ljj/0fwwjf/ uflj;–#stlg{ofsf $! jifL{oeLdaxfb'/ yf¿nfO{du/fu9L uflj;sf]/Ddfk'/ Aof/]saf6cfPsf] u:tL 6f]nLn]@)%( j}zfv $ ut]uf8Ldf xfn]/ nu]sf

lyP.ef]lnkN6 pgsL kTgL /Ddfk'/ Aof/]sdf uP/;f]wk'5 ug{ hfFbf pN6} wDsL lbOPsf] lyof].kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!@_ /fhs'df/ yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& k'; % ut]

@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ;fpg #! 36gf:yn M wwjf/ uflj;k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M wwjf/ uflj;–$

u'd:tfafa'sf] gfd M h'unfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M h'udflg yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cgLtf yf¿

235


5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷@ hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0f wwjf/ uflj;–$sfu'd:tfsf @@ jifL{o/fhs'df/ yf¿nfO{@)%(;fpg #! Df]ltk'/uflj;sf] af;u9Laf63/tkm{ kms{b} ubf{ wwjf/ulj;–# stlg{ofaf6du/fu8L uflj;

/Ddfk'/af6 cfPsf] ;}lgs u:tL 6f]nLn] uf8Ldfxfn]/ nu]sf b]v]/ nDsLkmf6fsf Ps dlxnfn]kl/jf/nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPsL lyOg\. ef]lnkN6/Ddfk'/ Aof/]sdf ;f]Wg hfFbf gNofPsf] hafkmlbOPsf] lyof]. /fhs'df/sf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8tsf kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k s'g};xfof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-!#_ ef]s/f yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@&÷#@jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @% ut]36gf:yn M du/fu/9L uflj;–$,

alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M g]pnfk'/ uflj;–!,

anftLafa'sf] gfd M b'jf/L yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M /lgof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /fds'df/L yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷hgf

ljj/0f g]pnfk'/ uflj;–! anftLsf #@jifL{o ef]s/fyf¿nfO{@)%( h]7 @%ut] du/fu/9Luflj;–$dlgsfk'/ uPsf

a]nf /Ddfk'/af6 uPsf] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] sAhfdf lnP/ 7fs'/åf/fl:yt Aof/]sdfnu]kl5 pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!$_ nNn" yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ h]7 @%÷!^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g & ut]36gf:yn M 7fs'/åff/f uflj;–^, alb{ofk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M g]pnfk'/ uflj;–$ ;'hgk'/afa'sf] gfd M wd{ yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M ;dlKt yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f g]pnfk'/ uflj;–$;'hgk'/sf !^ jifL{onNn" yf¿nfO{ @)%*kmfu'g & ut] 7fs'/åff/fuflj;–^ l:yt zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfsf] Aof/]sdftf/]v lng uPsf]dfkmfu'g !% ut]b]lv pgsf]

cj:yf c1ft 5. kmfu'g $ ut] lu/km\tf/ul/Psf yf¿nfO{ kmfu'g ^ ut] tf/]vdf l/xful/Psf] lyof]. kmfug' & ut] pgL tf/]v lng hfFbflx/f;tdf /flvof]. kmfug' !! / !% ut]kl/jf/sf ;b:on] pgnfO{ Aof/]sdf e]6]sf lyP.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!%_ ;fOt] yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% ÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @! ut]36gf:yn M augfxf uflj;–!, alb{ofk]zf M /fghgLlt , g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{

236


:yfoL 7]ufgf M g]pnfk'/ uflj;–*, tLgw?jfafa'sf] gfd M afFw' yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M km"nal;of yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fg]pnfk'/ uflj;–*,tLgw?jf lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{ @$jifL{o ;fOt] yf¿nfO{@)%( h]7 @! ut] 9f]9/Luflj;–& l:yt k|x/Lrf}sLaf6 cfPsf] k|x/L6f]nLn] augfxf uflj;–!

zfxLk'/df lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!^_ zf]ef/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ h]7 @)

!& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 !! ut]36gf:yn M 9f]9/L uflj;–@,k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M 9f]9/L uflj;–*

dw'jgafa'sf] gfd M lev" yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M 6]ugL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M sdnf yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgf

ljj/0f 9f]9/L uflj;–* dw'jglgjf;L dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ !& jifL{ozf]ef/fd yf¿nfO{ @)%(h]7 !! ut] 9f]9/Luflj;–@ afFb/el/ofaf6

9f]9/L Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nosf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/u/L To;lbg 9f]9/Ldf /fv]sf lyP. To;kl5pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!&_ rGb|axfb'/ yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## sflQs @%÷@%jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t #! Ut]36gf:yn M lzjk'/ uflj;–(, alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–! e'8sOofafa'sf] gfd M lx/fl;+x yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M nf}6L yf¿j}jflxs l:yltM ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /]zdf yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@ hgf

ljj/0f M7fs'/åf/f uflj;–! e'8sOofsf @% jifL{orGb|axfb'/ yf¿nfO{ @)%* r}t #! ut] lzjk'/uflj;–( df sfd ul//x]sf] a]nf 7fs'/åf/faf6cfPsf] ;}lgs u:tL 6f]nLn] lgoGq0fdf lnP/uf8Ldf xfn]/ nu]sf lyP. To;kl5 pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!*_ cfzf/fgL yf¿ hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* ;fn ÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) kmfu'g !^ ut]36gf:yn M lzjk'/ uflj;–*k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL ;]gf:yfoL 7]ufgf M g]pnfk'/ uflj; –(

g]pnfk'/afa'sf] gfd M eLdnfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M k|eL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^

237


ljj/0fg]pnfk'/ uflj; –(g]pnfk'/ @@ jif{cfzf/fgL yf¿ nfO{lzjk'/ uflj;–*df]xgk'/af6 @)^)kmfu'g !^ ut]7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf];]gfsf] 6f]nLn] sAhfdf

lnP/ uf8Ldf nu]kl5 pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!(_ nf}6g yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) k'; ( ut]÷!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs # ut]36gf:yn M abfnk'/ uflj;–(k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M abfnk'/ ulfj;–( hok'/afa'sf] gfd M lszgnfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M s}of yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;fljqf yf?

ljj/0f abfnk'/ ulfj;–(hok'/sf !( jifL{o nf}6gyf¿nfO{@)%( sflQs #ut] M /flt zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/u/L 6k/f :s"ndf /x]sf]c:yfoL SofDkdf /fv]sf]lyof]. xfn;Dd pgsf]

cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@)_ dx]z rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ dª\l;/ @^ ut]

@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if

36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs # ut]36gf:yn M abfnk'/ ulfj;–( hok'/k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M abfnk'/ ulfj;–( hok'/afa'sf] gfd M ;xgnfn ;fxcfdfsf] gfd M v'G8lnof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M k'ikf rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷hgf

ljj/0f abfnk'/ ulfj;–(hok'/sf @# jifL{o dx]zrf}w/LnfO{ @)%(sflQs # ut] abfnk'/ulfj;–( df cjl:Yt6k/f c:yfoL SofDkaf6uPsf] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/

u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@!_ df]ltnfn yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@) sflQs !(

#* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* sflQs !% 36gf:yn M abfnk'/ uflj;–#, alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M abfnk'/ uflj;–#

kxf8Lk'/afa'sf] gfd M lxG8nfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M ;f]glrl/of yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ef]lhof yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@hgf

ljj/0fabfnk'/ uflj;–# kxf8Lk'/sf #* jifL{odf]ltnfn yf¿nfO{@)%* sflQs !% ut] v]tdf

238


sfd ul//x]sf] a]nfabfnk'/ ulfj;–( dfcjl:Yt 6k/f c:yfoLSofDkaf6 uPsf] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{

;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-@@_ dª\u¿ yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) ebf} ^÷@(jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs $ ut]36gf:yn M anfk'/ uflj;–$ alb{ofk]zf M Jofkf/:yfoL 7]ufgf M abfnk'/ uflj;–$ emK6Lafa'sf] gfd M dfgaxfb'/ yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M kmSnL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cgGt yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷@ hgf

ljj/0fabfnk'/ uflj;–$emK6Lsf @( jifL{odª\u¿ yf¿nfO{ @)%(sflQs $ ut] /fltcfkm\g} 3/df al;/x]sf]a]nf abfnk'/ ulfj;–(df cjl:yt 6k/f c:yfoLSofDkaf6 uPsf] zfxL

g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5 . pgnfO{ rf/ lbg;Dd SofDkdf:yfgLo afl;Gbf / cfkmGtn] b]v]sf lyP. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@#_ uf]kfn yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$$ ÷!% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs $ ut]36gf:yn M dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;–(:yfoL 7]ufgf M abfnk'/ uflj;–$ emK6Lafa'sf] gfd M kjg yf¿ cfdfsf] gfd M /fhs'df/L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fabfnk'/ uflj;–$emK6Lsf !% jifL{ouf]kfn yf¿nfO{@)%(sflQs $ ut] /fltcfkm\g} 3/df al;/x]sf]a]nf abfnk'/ ulfj;–(df cjl:Yt 6k/f c:yfoLSofDkaf6 uPsf] zfxL

g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5 . pgnfO{ ;ft lbg;Dd SofDkdf:yfgLo afl;Gbf / cfkmGtn] b]v]sf lyP.kLl8tsf kl/jf/ pgsf] af/]df ;f]wk'5 ug{ hfbfg/fv]sf] atfPsf lyP.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-@$_ klt/fd yf¿ hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# j}zfv #)

#^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @( ut]36gf:yn M v}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–@k]zf M Jofkf/:yfoL 7]ufgf M v}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–@

dª\unk'/afa'sf] gfd M lxp6nfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M lgª\ufnL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kmSnL yf¿ / nf}6g yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@ hgf

239


ljj/0f v}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–@dª\unk'/sf #^ jifL{oklt/fd yf¿nfO{@)%*r}t @( ut] /flt pgs}3/af6 7fs'/åf/faf6uPsf] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gsf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf

c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@%_ euf}tLk|;fb yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!^ ebf} !@ ÷$@jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @( ut]36gf:yn M v}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–@,

alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M v}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–@

dª\unk'/afa'sf] gfd M s]jn/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M dª\u/L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M uª\uf yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@ hgf

ljj/0fv}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–@dª\unk'/sf $@ jifL{oeuf}tLk|;fb yf¿nfO{@)%* r}t @( ut] /flt3/af6} 7fs'/åf/faf6uPsf] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gsf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf


-@^_ df]xg yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) kmfu'g @ ÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @( 36gf:yn M dgfp uflj;–*, alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dgfp uflj;–* gf}/ª\ufafa'sf] gfd M k|]ds'df/L yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M k/d]Zj/L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M k|]ds'df/L yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷ hgf

ljj/0fdgfp uflj;–*gf}/ª\ufsf !*jifL{odf]xg yf¿nfO{@)%* r}t @( /flt6Lsfk'/af6 cfPsf]g]kfnL ;]gf / /fhfk'/k|x/L rf}sLsf] ;+o'Qm6f]nLn] 3/df ;'lt/x]sf

a]nf lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k !nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@&_ ;f]g'/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$% k'; !!÷!$jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( r}t @(36gf:yn M dgfp uflj;–*, alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dgfp uflj;–* gf}/ª\ufafa'sf] gfd M 5]b" yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M s'sGof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fdgfp uflj;–* gf}/ª\ufsf !$ jifL{o ;f]g'/fdyf¿nfO{ @)%( r}t @( ut] /flt 6Lsfk'/af6cfPsf] g]kfnL ;]gf / /fhfk'/ k|x/L rf}sLsf]

240


;+o'Qm 6f]nLn] 3/df;'lt/x]sf a]nf lu/km\tf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@*_ /f3'nfn yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( kmfu'g !÷!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @(36gf:yn M dgfp uflj;–*k]zf M dhb"/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M dgfp uflj;–* gf}/ª\ufafa'sf] gfd M kbd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M ;f]grl/of yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]

ljj/0fdgfp uflj;–*gf}/ª\ufsf !( jifL{o/f3'nfn yf¿@)%* r}t@(/flt 6Lsfk'/af6cfPsf] g]kfnL ;]gf //fhfk'/ k|x/L rf}sLsf];+o'Qm 6f]nLn] 3/df;'lt/x]sf a]nf lu/km\tf/

u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@(_ /fds/0f yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* c;f]h @#

@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs # ut]36gf:yn M dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;–*,

alb{ofk]zf M s[lif

:yfoL 7]ufgf M dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;–* hd'gfaf]emL

afa'sf] gfd M la;/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M cldqL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;–*hd'gfaf]emLsf @! jifL{o/fds/0f yf¿nfO{@)%(sflQs # ut] /flt3/df ;'lt/x]sf a]nfdfgk'/ 6k/f :s"ndf/x]sf] ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{sf] SofDkaf6

cfPsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#)_ kmSn" yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs & ut]36gf:yn M dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;–@k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;–@

dx'jfafa'sf] gfd M k]kjf yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M af]ltof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M a]bL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷ hgf

ljj/0f dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;–@ dx'jf @# jif{ kmSn"yf¿@)%( sflQs & ut] /flt ;+o'Qm;'/Iffkmf}hn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

241


-#!_ km"nf/fd rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( ebf} !@÷@)jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs #36gf:yn M dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;–*k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dfgk'/ 6k/f ulfj;–*

hd'gfaf]emLafa'sf] gfd M lrGtf/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M nxfgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lzjf yf¿cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0f dfgk'/ 6k/f ulfj;–* hd'gfaf]emLsf @) jifL{okm"nf/fd rf}w/LnfO{ @)%( sflQs # ut] /fltpgs} 3/af6 dfgk'/ 6k/fl:yt SofDkaf6cfPsf] ;'/IffsdL{sf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. pgnfO{ :s"ndf /x]sf]c:yfoL ;'/Iff SofDkdf rf/ lbg;Dd /fv]sf]kLl8t kl/jf/n] atfP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-#@_ /fhs'df/ yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* h]7 $ ut]

#!jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs #36gf:yn M dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;–*,

alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dfgk'/ 6k/f ulj;–*

ljqmdk'/ afa'sf] gfd M Uª\ufw/ yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M k'Gof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lx/fs'df/L yf¿

ljj/0fdfgk'/ 6k/f ulj;–*ljqmdk'/sf #! jifL{o/fhs'df/ yf¿nfO{@)%( sflQs # ut]pgs} 3/af6;'/IffsdL{n] lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. kLl8t

kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-##_ /fw]Zofd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!( c;f/ # ut]

$) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs #36gf:yn M dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;–*,

alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;–*

ljqmdk'/afa'sf] gfd M 5ljnfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M dga'emfpgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M hu/fgL yf¿

ljj/0f dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;–*ljqmdk'/sf $) jifL{o/fw]Zofd yf¿nfO{@)%(sflQs # ut] /flt 6k/f:s"ndf /x]sf c:yfoL;'/Iff SofDkaf6 cfPsf]6f]nLn] 3/af6} lu/km\tf/u/sf]df pgsf] cj:yf

c1ft 5. pgnfO{ rf/ lbg;Dd SofDkdf /fv]sf]kl/jf/hgn] atfP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

242


-#$_ cGt/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ dª\l;/ ! ut]

#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs # ut]36gf:yn M dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;–!k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;– (

hf]luk'/afa'sf] gfd M jf;'b]j yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M cfzL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M nIdL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@hgf

ljj/0fdfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;– (hf]luk'/sf cGt/fdyf¿nfO{@)%( sflQs #ut] /flt 6k/f :s"ndf/x]sf c:yfoL ;'/IffSofDkaf6 cfPsf] 6f]nLn]3/af6} lu/km\tf/u/sf]df pgsf] cj:yf


-#%_ sdnf rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) dª\l;/ !! ut]

!* jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @( ut]36gf:yn M dgfp uflj;–*, alb{ofk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M dgfp uflj;–* gf}/ª\ufafa'sf] gfd M t'n;L/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M kmuGof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f dgfp uflj;–*gf}/ª\ufsL !* jifL{ofsdnf rf}w/LnfO{ @)%*r}t @( ut] /flt6Lsfk'/af6 cfPsf] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gf / /fhfk'/l:yt Onfsf k|x/Lsfof{noaf6 cfPsf]

k|x/Lsf] ;+o'qm 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#^_ lgd{nf of]uLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& ;fpg @)

@# jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h !$36gf:yn M g]pnfk'/ uflj;–@

alb{of k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$

8Nnfafa'sf] gfd M dflw/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M ;x]aL yf¿ of]uLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M chLt zfx5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷ hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0f ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$8Nnf lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ @#jifL{of lgd{nf of]uLnfO{@)%( c;f]h !$ ut]g]pnfk'/ uflj;–@k]/xgLl:yt s'Gtnjfyf¿sf] 3/af6 ;f]xL

uflj;df /x]sf] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no

243


e'l/ufpaf6 !@ hgfsf] ;ª\Vofdf cfPsf] k|x/Ln]lu/km\tf/ u/L 7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf] ;}lgs6f]nLnfO{ x:tfGt/0f u/]sf] lyof]. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#&_ aGw'/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ sflQs @)

@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @)36gf:yn M augfxf uflj;–!,

alb{ofk]zf M /fhgLlt g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfostf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M g]pnfk'/ uflj;–$ afa'sf] gfd M Ogb|nfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M 5KnL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M zflGt yf¿cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !%

ljj/0f g]pnfk'/ uflj;–$lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfostf{ @& jifL{oaGw'/fd yf¿nfO{ @)%(h]7 @) 9f]9/L uflj;df/z]sf] ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{sf] 6f]nLn]augfxf uflj;–!

zfxLk'/df kf6L{sf] sfd ul//x]sf a]nf lu/km\tf/u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#*_ k"0fL{ yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) dª\l;/ @

!( jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 $

36gf:yn M dxdbk'/ uflj;k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M algofef/ uflj;–(

d'/fxfafa'sf] gfd M df]nbf yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M h'u/fgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f algofef/ uflj;–(d'/fxfsf !( jifL{o k"0fL{yf¿nfO{@)%( h]7 $ut] u''nl/ofaf6 cfPsf];+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{sf]6f]nLn] dxDdbk'/uflj;–^ b"4fdf ldndfsfd ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf

lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. To;lbg pgnfO{ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no u'nl/ofdf/flvPsf] lyof]. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#(_ lxDdts'df/ rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& c;f/ !)÷ @@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 $36gf:yn M dxDdbk'/ uflj;k]zf M /fhgLlt g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M u'nl/of gu/kflnsf –#

afnfk'/afa'sf] gfd M k'gf/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M sfG5L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f u'nl/of gu/kflnsf –# afnfk'/ lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ @@ jifL{o lxDdts'df/rf}w/LnfO{ @)%( h]7 $ dxDdbk'/ uflj;–^b"4faf6 u'nl/ofaf6 cfPsf] ;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{sf]

244


6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft5.pgnfO{ h]7 & ut];DdlhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf/flvPsf] lyof]. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$)_ /fddtL yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$* dª\l;/ * ÷!!jif{lnª\u M dlxnf 36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 $36gf:yn M dxDdbk'/ ulj;–^k]zf M /fhgLlt g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M u'nl/of gu/kflnsf–^

alb{ofafa'sf] gfd M nfnaxfb'/ yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M ;'u'gL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f u'nl/of gu/kflnsf–^lgjf;L g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ !! jifL{o/fddtL yf¿nfO{ @)%(h]7 $ dxDdbk'/ulj;–^ b"4f nfnk'/af6;'/IfsdL{n] lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf

c1ft 5 . kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$!_ wgL/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$# dª\l;/ (

!% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @( 36gf:yn M dgfp uflj;–*

k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dgfp uflj;–* afa'sf] gfd M 5]b" yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M s'sGof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]

ljj/0f dgfp uflj;–* sf !%jifL{o wgL/fdyf¿nfO{@)%* r}t @( ut] /flt 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf ;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{sf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$@_ hut/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% kmfu'g !)

@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* df3 % 36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–# afFs]k]zf M /fhgLlt g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ uflj;–&

ct3?jfafa'sf] gfd M s0f{axfb'/ rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M a]ndltof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M k'ikf clwsf/L yf¿cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !$

ljj/0f df]ltk'/ uflj;–&ct3?jfsf g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{@$jifL{o hut/fdyf¿nfO{ afFs] lhNnfsf]sf]xnk'/l:yt d]l8snsn]haf6 pkrf/ u/fOkms{b}{F ubf{ @)%* df3

% ut] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/

245


u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

kL8s kIf zfxL g]kfnL !]gf

-$#_ ¿knfn yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!& ;fn ebf} !@ ut]

$!jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k''; @! ut]36gf:yn M wwjf/ uflj;–& alb{ofk]zf M lzIf0f, g]kfn /fli6«o

o'js k|flj:yfoL 7]ufgf M wwjf/ uflj;–^afa'sf] gfd M dxª\uf yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M bbL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M jjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lxª\luof yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷# hgf

ljj/0f wwjf/ uflj;–^ sf$!jifL{o ¿knfnyf¿nfO{@)%* k''; @!ut] ;fFem lr;fkfgLAof/]saf6 cfPsf] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]3/af6} lu/km\tf/ u/Lcfkm};Fu nu]sf

lyP.pgL;Fu} nluPsf km"n/fd yf¿, Ogb|s'df/Lyf¿ / cf]dk|sfz yf¿nfO{ k'; @% ut] l/xful/Psf] lyof].pgLx?n] ?knfnnfO{ lr;fkfgLAof/]sd} /flvPsf] hfgsf/L lbPsf lyP.@)%*df3df pgsf] bf]xf]/f] le8Gtdf d[To' ePsf];dfrf/ /]l8of] g]kfnn] k|;f/0f u/]sf] lyof].tTsfnLg cj:yfdf dfgjclwsf/sdL{sf]cg'udgn] yf?sf] xTof ePsf] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf]n]OG;]ssf k|sfzgdf ;'/IffsdL{n] ?knfnsf] xToful/Psf] pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof]. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-$$_ lhNnf ;Gb]z yf?hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% df3 % ut]

@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} ! ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–!, ;bf;Lk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–!, ;bf;Lafa'sf] gfd M sfn' yf?cfdfsf] gfd M /fdsnL yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /fds'df/L yf?, ;Ltf

yf?5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷#

ljj/0fdu/fuf8L uflj;–!;bf;Lsf @$ jifL{olhNnf ;Gb]z yf?nfO{@)%( ebf} ! ut] ;f]xLuflj;sf] /Defk'/df/x]sf] ;]gfsf] Aof/]saf6cfPsf] 6f]nLn] 3/af6}lu/km\tf/ u/L Aof/]sdf

nUof]. kLl8t kl/jf/sf cg';f/ yf?nfO{7fs'/åf/f, afFs]sf] /femf / alb{of /fli6«olgs'~hsf] k"jL{ lr;fkfgLdf /x]s]f ;]gfsf]Aof/]sdf /flvPsf] lyof]. pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-$%_ jL/an yf? hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% ebf} #! ut]

@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @@ ut]36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf zDz]/u~h

uflj;–!, csn3?jf

246


k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL ;]gf

:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L uflj;–@, hogu/

afa'sf] gfd M lji0f'nfn yf? cfdfsf] gfd M nfndf]tL yf? j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M dgkm'nL yf?5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷@

ljj/0fdu/fuf8L uflj;–@hogu/ lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL;]gf @# jifL{o jL/anyf?nfO{ @)%* r}t @@ut] ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] afFs]lhNnf zDz]/u~huflj;–!, csn3?jfufFpaf6 lu/km\tf/ u/L

nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] hfgsf/L lbPkl5 dfqyf?sf] kl/jf/n] 36gfaf/] yfxf kfPsf lyP.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-$^_ /fdls;g yf? hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& df3 % ut]÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h !$ ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf duf/fuf8L

uflj;–!, tsf{k'/k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf duf/fuf8L

uflj;–!, tsf{k'/afa'sf] gfd M ;'Ogf/fo0f yf?cfdfsf] gfd M /fdb'nf/L yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M uf]df rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)

ljj/0fduf/fuf8L uflj;–!,tsf{k'/sf @@ jifL{o/fdls;g yf?nfO{@)%( c;f]h !$ ut]/flt ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]3/df ;'lt/x]sf] a]nfæPsl5g ptf lx8Æ egL/Ddfk'/df /x]sf]

Aof/]sdf nu]. Ps dlxgfkl5 /fdls;g;Fu]lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf ;f]xL 7fFpsf hut/fd yf?n]alb{of /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] k"jL{ lr;fkfgLdf /x]sf];]gfsf] Aof/]sdf b]v]sf] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ atfP.xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k !nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$&_ /fhb]j d08nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!(÷$) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h !$ ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–!, du/fuf8Lk]zf M lzIfs, >L c+z'jdf{ dflj

du/fuf8L:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–!, du/fuf8Lafa'sf] gfd M /fh]Gb| d08ncfdfsf] gfd M dgtf]l/of d08nj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;f]gfklt d08n5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷#

ljj/0fdu/fuf8L uflj;–!du/fuf8Lsf $) jifL{o/fhb]j d08nnfO{ @)%(c;f]h !$ ut] ;f]xLuflj;sf] /Ddfk'/df/x]sf] Aof/]saf6 cfPsf]%) hgf hlt ;]gfn]

247


c+z'jdf{ dfljsf] k|wfgfWofkssf] 3/ b]vfpg egLpgnfO{ Aof/]df nu]. Ps dlxgfkl5 ;]gfn] l/xfu/L ufFp kms]{sf ufFps} rf}sLbf/n] d08nnfO{alb{ofsf] k"jL{ lr;fkfgLdf /x]sf] ;]gfsf] Aof/]sdfb]v]sf] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ atfP. pgsf] xfn;Ddcj:yf c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$*_ g/axfb'/ /fgfdu/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!( ebf} !* ut]

$) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h !$ ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–@, lu/L6f]nk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–@, lu/L6f]nafa'sf] gfd M jL/axfb'/ /fgfdu/cfdfsf] gfd M 5ns'df/L /fgfdu/j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fdu/fuf8L uflj;–@lu/L6f]nsf $) jifL{og/axfb'/ /fgfdu/nfO{@)%( c;f]h !$ ut];]gfn] 3/d} ;'lt/x]sf]a]nf p7fP/ æPs} l5gd}kmsf{OlbG5f}+Æ egL nu]./fgfdu/nfO{ alb{of

/fli6«o lgs'~hsf] k"jL{ lr;fkfgLdf /x]sf] ;]gfsf]Aof/]sdf b]v]sf] Ps hgf ;f]xL 7fFpaf6 5'6]/cfPsf JolQmn] atfPsf] kLl8t kl/jf/n] atfP.xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k !nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$(_ hLtaxfb'/ yf?hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ c;f/ !) ut]

@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h !& ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–*, /Ddfk'/k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–*, /Ddfk'/afa'sf] gfd M r'Nxjf yf?cfdfsf] gfd M 5]8Gof yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /TgL yf?5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fdu/fuf8L uflj;–*,/Ddfk'/sf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ @$ jifL{ohLtaxfb'/ yf?nfO{@)^) c;f]h !& ut]cfkm\g} 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]a]nf ;f]xL uflj;sf]/Ddfk'/df /x]sf]

Aof/]saf6 cfPsf] ;]gfn] n5f/k5f/ ub}{ cfFvfdfk§Ldf afFw]/ nu].pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5.

-%)_ dfgaxfb'/ ;fpbhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!# r}t @@ ut]

$% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* ebf} !^ ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–(, cp/Lk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–(, cp/Lafa'sf] gfd M ;flndfg] ;fpbj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

248


klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M a'l9;/f ;fpb5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷!

ljj/0fdu/fuf8L uflj;–( sf$% jifL{o dfgaxfb'/;fpbnfO{ @)%* ebf} !^ut] ;f]xL uflj;sf]/Ddfk'/df /x]sf]Aof/]saf6 cfPsf] %)hgf ;]gfn] 3/d} sfdul//x]sf] a]nf 3/f xfnL

k5fl8 xft afFw]/ nu]. dfgaxfb'/nfO{/Ddfk'/af6 7fs'/åf/fdf /x]sf] ;]gfsf] Aof/]sdfkl5 nu]s]f yfxf kfPsf] kLl8t kl/jf/n] atfof].pgsf] xfn;Dd cj:yf c1ft 5.

-%!_ /fde/f];] yf?hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) j}zfv # ut]

@( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ;fpg @^ ut] 36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–%, ;f]gk'/k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–%, ;f]gk'/afa'sf] gfd M /fhf/fd yf?cfdfsf] gfd M c;kmL{ yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;'dt/fgL yf?5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@

ljj/0fdu/fuf8L uflj;–%;f]gk'/sf @( jifL{o/fde/f];] yf?nfO{ @)%(;fpg @^ ut] /flt ;f]xLuflj;sf] /Ddfk'/df/x]s]f Aof/]saf6 cfPsf];]gfn] 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]

a]nf kqmfp u/L Aof/]s nu]. kLl8t kl/jf/n];fpg @& ut] ;f] Aof/]sdf /fde/f];]af/] ;f]WghfFbf ;]gfn] pgnfO{ gNofPsf] atfof]. pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k !nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%@_ xl//fd yf?hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% c;f]h @$ ut]

@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ;fpg @$ ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–%, ;f]gk'/k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf

du/fuf8L uflj;–%, ;f]gk'/

afa'sf] gfd M ef]sf/L yf?cfdfsf] gfd M nf}6L yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M km"ns'df/L yf?5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0fdu/fuf8L uflj;–%,;f]gk'/sf @$ jifL{oxl//fd yf?nfO{ @)%(;fpg @$ ut] ;f]xLuflj;sf] /Ddfk'/df/x]sf] Aof/]saf6 cfPsf];]gfn] 6f]nLn] ;'lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf p7fP/

cfFugdf n7\7L / aGb'ssf] s'Gbfn] s'6lk6 u/].xl//fd / pgsf sfsf /fdjnL yf?nfO{ ;Fu}/Ddfk'/ Aof/]sdf nu] klg /fdjnLnfO{ ;]gfn]nu]s} lbg hª\undf 5f8\of]. ;]gfn] xl//fd;Fu]nu]sf ufFpsf cGo JolQmnfO{ zf}rfnodf y'g]//fVg] u/]sf] 5'6]/ cfPsf ufFpn]n] atfPsf] kLl8tkl/jf/n] atfP. xl//fdsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd

249


c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-%#_ 6f6]/fd yf?hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@! ;fpg % ut]

#* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ;fpg @$ ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L


uflj;–%, ;f]gk'/afa'sf] gfd M lruf} yf?cfdfsf] gfd M lwDof yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M hguL yf?, /fdb'nf/L

yf?5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷$

ljj/0fdu/fuf8L uflj;–%;f]gk'/sf #* jifL{o6f6]/fd yf?nfO{ @)%(;fpg @$ ut] ;f]xLuflj;sf] /Ddfk'/df/x]sf] Aof/]saf6 cfPsf];]gfn] ;'lt/x]sf] a]nfp7fP/ tLg 306fleq

kmsf{Olbg] egL nu]. ;]gfn] nu]sf xl//fd;Fu}pgnfO{ klg zf}rfnodf /fVg] ul/Psf] 5'6]/cfPsf JolQmn] atfPsf] kLl8t kl/jf/n] atfP.o; 36gfdf @)^$ h]7 !* ut] cbfntdf d'2fbtf{ u/] klg vf/]h ul/Psf] 5. xfn;Dd6f6]/fdsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k !nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%$_ afnls;'g yf?hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# sflQs @) ut]

#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !@ ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf

du/fuf8L uflj;–(, cp/L

k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf

du/fuf8L uflj;–(, cp/L

afa'sf] gfd M åfl/sf yf?cfdfsf] gfd M hf]wgL yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M dGt'gL{ yf?5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷#

ljj/0fdu/fuf8L uflj;–(cp/Lsf afnls;'gyf?nfO{ @)%* kmfu'g!@ ut] ;f]xL uflj;sf]/Ddfk'/df /x]sf]Aof/]saf6 ;]gfn] ufFpdfs]o/ g]kfnsf] a}7sal;/x]sf] a]nf 3]/f xfnL

k5fl8 xft afFw]/ Aof/]s nu]. kLl8t kl/jf/n]kmfu'g !# ut] ;f] Aof/]sdf afnls;'gaf/] ;f]Wbf;]gfn] pgnfO{{ gNofPsf] atfP. tLg dlxngfkl5/Ddfk'/ Aof/]saf6 5'6]sf wgL/fd yf?n]afnls;'gnfO{ Aof/]sd} b]v]s]f atfP. pgsf]xfn;Dd cj:yf c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k !nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%%_ hut/fd yf?hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@% ebf} * ut]

#$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ;fpg @^ ut]

250


36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L uflj;–%, ;f]gk'/

k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–%, ;f]gk'/afa'sf] gfd M df];' yf?cfdfsf] gfd M alGwof yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kf}tL yf?5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@

ljj/0fdu/fuf8L uflj;–%;f]gk'/sf hut/fdyf?nfO{ @)%( ;fpg @^ut] ;f]xL uflj;sf]/Ddfk'/df /x]sf]Aof/]saf6 cfPsf] ;]gfn]3/df ;'lt/x]sf] a]nfef]ln kmsf{Olbg] egL nu].

kLl8t kl/jf/n] To;a]nf 8/qf;sf sf/0f ;f]Aof/]sdf pgsf] vf]hL ug{ uPgg\. pgsf]xfn;Dd cj:yf c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k !nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%^_ /fdk|;fb yf?hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ r}t !! ut]

@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !& ut] 36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–!, du/fuf8Lk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–!, du/fuf8Lafa'sf] gfd M af;'b]j yf?cfdfsf] gfd M ;'bL yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;+uLtf yf?5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷#

ljj/0fdu/fuf8L uflj;–!du/fuf8Lsf @% jifL{o/fdk|;fb yf?nfO{ @)%(ebf} !& ut] ;f]xLuflj;sf] /Ddfk'/df/x]sf] Aof/]saf6 cfPsf];]gfn] 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]a]nf nu]. 36gf x'Fbf

pgL cf/cf/Pgn] ;~rfng u/]sf] afn lzIffsIffsf] lzIfs lyP. 8/sf sf/0f pgsf] sxLvf]hL ug{ g;s]sf] kLl8tsL kTgLn] atfP.lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%&_ hugf yf?hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* j}zfv $ ut]

#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ;fpg @^ ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L


uflj;–%, ;f]gk'/afa'sf] gfd M lrGsf yf?cfdfsf] gfd M bzgL yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M dgt'/gL yf?5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!

ljj/0fdu/fuf8L uflj;–%;f]gk'/sf #! jifL{ohugf yf?nfO{ @)%(;fpg @^ ut] ;f]xLuflj;sf] /Ddfk'/df/x]sf] Aof/]saf6 cfPsf];]gfn] 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]a]nf p7fP/ cGo

tLghgf;Fu} nu]. pgLx?nfO{ /Ddfk'/df /x]sf]

251


;]gfsf] Aof/]sdf /fv]sf] yfxf kfPsf] kLl8tkl/jf/n] atfof]. pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-%*_ hUu' yf? hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$÷#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ;fpg @^ ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L


uflj;–%, ;f]gk'/afa'sf] gfd M l3/f} yf?cfdfsf] gfd M clvof yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lkml/of yf?, /fdb'nf/L

yf?5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M $÷#cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0fdu/fuf8L uflj;–%;f]gk'/sf #% jifL{o hUu'yf?nfO{ @)%( ;fpg @^ut] ;f]xL uflj;sf]/Ddfk'/df /x]sf]Aof/]saf6 cfPsf] ;]gfn]3/df ;'lt/x]s]f a]nfp7fP/ Aof/]s nu].

hUu';Fu} ;f] ufFpaf6 cGo tLghgfnfO{ /Ddfk'/Aof/]sdf nu]sf] yfxf ePklg pgLx?sf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. ;]gfn] eg] cfkm"n] pgLx?nfO{gNofPsf] atfof].lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-%(_ a;Gtk|;fb yf?hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* h]7 @$ ut]

#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} ! ut]36gf:yn M al{b{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–$, dfgk'/k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M al{b{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–$, dfgk'/afa'sf] gfd M 8f]ªnf yf?cfdfsf] gfd M kmlsof yf/j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fdu/fuf8L uflj;–$dfgk'/sf #) jifL{oj;Gtk|;fb yf?nfO{@)%( ebf} ! ut] ;f]xLuflj;sf] /Ddfk'/df/x]sf] Aof/]saf6 cfPsf];]gfn] 3/af6} lu/km\tf/u/L Aof/]sdf

nUof].;]gfn] j;Gt;Fu} ;f]xL 7fFpsf /fh' yf?nfO{klg nu]sf] lyof].kLl8t kl/jf/n] ebf} @ ut]/Ddfk'/ / lr;fkfgLdf /x]sf] ;]gfsf] Aof/]sdf;f]Wg hfFbf ;]gfn] gNofPsf] hjfkm lbPsf] kLl8tkl/jf/n] atfP. pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-^)_ /fh' yf?hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* h]7 !) ut]

@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} ! ut]36gf:yn M al{b{of lhNnf

du/fuf8L uflj;–$, dfgk'/

252


k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M al{b{of lhNnf

du/fuf8L uflj;–$, dfgk'/

afa'sf] gfd M d8\t' yf?cfdfsf] gfd M b'h{gL yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fdu/fuf8L uflj;–$dfgk'/sf @$ jifL{o /fh'yf?nfO{ @)%( ebf} !ut] ;f]xL uflj;sf]/Ddfk'/df /x]sf]Aof/]saf6 cfPsf] ;]gfn]3/af6} lu/km\tf/ u/LAof/]sdf nUof]. ;]gfn]

/fh';Fu} ;f]xL 7fFpsf a;Gtk|;fb yf?nfO{ klgnu]sf] lyof]. kLl8t kl/jf/n] ebf} @ ut] /Ddfk'// lr;fkfgLdf /x]sf] ;]gfsf] Aof/]sdf ;f]Wg hfFbf;]gfn] gNofPsf] hjfkm lbPsf] kLl8t kl/jf/n]atfP. pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-^!_ ;Ltf/fd yf?hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@#÷#^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; ! ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–$, dfgk'/k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–$, dfgk'/afa'sf] gfd M dª\g' yf?cfdfsf] gfd M b'h{gL yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /fdhfgsL yf?5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fdu/fuf8L uflj;–$ dfgk'/sf #^ jifL{o ;Ltf/fdyf?nfO{ @)%* k'; ! ut] ;f]xL uflj;sf]/Ddfk'/df /x]sf] Aof/]saf6 cfPsf] ;]gfn]Aof/]sdf nUof]. ;Ltf/fd;Fu} pgsL alxgLzld{nf / /]g'nfO{ klg ;]gfn] Aof/]s nu]sf]df/]g'nfO{ k'; @ ut] l/xf ul/of] eg] zld{nf Psdlxgfkl5 l/xf eOg\. zld{nfn] bfO{ ;Ltf/fdnfO{;]gfsf] lr;fkfgL Aof/]sdf b]v]sf] atfOg\. pgsf]xfn;Dd cj:yf c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k !nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-^@_ r'Njf yf?hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# df3 $ ut]

#^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} ! ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–!, ;bf;Lk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–!, ;bf;Lafa'sf] gfd M ltns/fd yf?cfdfsf] gfd M ;n{h'n yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;f]Gof yf?5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fdu/fuf8L uflj;–!;bf;Lsf #^ jifL{o r'Njfyf?nfO{ @)%( ebf} !ut] du/fuf8Lsf]/Ddfk'/l:yt Aof/]saf6cfPsf] ;]gfn] 3/df;'lt/x]sf] a]nf Aof/]sdfnu]. kLl8t kl/jf/sf

cg';f/ r'NjfnfO{ /Ddfk'/af6 alb{ofsf] a]njfuflj;sf] lr;fkfgLdf /x]sf] ;}lgs Aof/]sdfnluPsf] / sflQs # ut] 7fs'/åf/fdf /x]sf]

253


;}lgs Aof/]sdf nluPsf] lyof]. r'Njf;Fu} ;]gfn]cGo tLghgfnfO{ klg kqmfp u/]sf] kLl8tkl/jf/n] atfP.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-^#_ tLy{axfb'/ yfkfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* c;f/ ! ut]

@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 ( ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf 8]p9snf

uflj;–#, df5fu9k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf 8]p9snf

uflj;–#, df5fu9afa'sf] gfd M v8saxfb'/ yfkfcfdfsf] gfd M lji0f'dfof yfkfj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ldgf yfkf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)

ljj/0f8]p9snf uflj;–#df5fu9sf @! jifL{olty{axfb'/ yfkfnfO{@)%( h]7 ( ut] laxfg;]gfn] p7fP/ nu]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]yfkfnfO{ sxfF nu]sf] s]xL

yfxf gePsf] kLl8tsL cfdf lji0f'dfofn] atfOg\.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-^$_ lx/fl;+x jf7fdu/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* r}t #) ut]

@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 * ut]

36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf 8]p9snf uflj;–#, df5fu9

k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf 8]p9snf

uflj;–#, df5fu9afa'sf] gfd M cf;] jf7fdu/cfdfsf] gfd M g'sL jf7fdu/j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M v'zLnf jf7fdu/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!

ljj/0f8]p9snf uflj;–#df5fu9sf @! jifL{olx/fl;+x jf7fdu/nfO{@)%( h]7 ( ut] /flt;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] 3/df;'lt/x]sf] a]nf p7fP/n5f/k5f/ kfb}{ nu].lx/fl;+x ;Fu} ;]gfn]

nu]sf kfFrhgfsf] cj:yf klg xfn;Dd c1ft5. ;]gfsf] 6f]nL sxfFaf6 cfPsf] / ;]gfn]pgLx?nfO{ sxfF nu]sf] eGg]af/] s]xL hfgsf/LgePsf] kLl8t kl/jf/n] atfP. lx/fl;+xnfO{n}hfFbf af]Ng vf]Hbf ;]gfn] aGb'ssf] gfn pgsf]d'vdf /fvL af]Ng wDsL lbOPsf] kLl8t kl/jf/n]atfP. kLl8t kl/jf/n] pgnfO{ /Ddfk'/,lr;fkfgL 7fs'/åf/f Aof/]sdf vf]hL u/]klgpgsf] kQf] gnfu]sf] pgLx?n] atfP.lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-^%_ jL/axfb'/ e08f/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!*÷$! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @%36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf ;fgf>L

uflj;–@, OGb|k'/k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf ;fgf>L

uflj;–@, OGb|k'/

254


afa'sf] gfd M sfn' e08f/Lcfdfsf] gfd M b]jL;/f e08f/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M k'ikf e08f/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0f;fgf>L uflj;–@OGb|k'/sf $! jifL{ojL/axfb'/ e08f/LnfO{@)%( h]7 @% ut] /flt3/df ;'lt/x]sf] a]nf 3]/fxfn]/ s'6lk6 ub}{ nu].e08f/L;Fu] kqmfp k/Lkl5 l/xf ePsf Pshgfn]

e08f/LnfO{ alb{ofsf] k"jL{ lr;fkfgL Aof/]sdfb]v]sf] atfPsf] kLl8t kl/jf/n] atfP. kLl8tkl/jf/n] !% lbgkl5 lr;fkfgLl:yt ;}lgsAof/]sdf e]6\g hfFbf ;]gfn] e08f/LnfO{ gNofPsf]atfof].

-^^_ ;LtfhfgsL yf?hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^÷@# jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; % ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf du/fuf8L

uflj;–#, hAbxjfk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

;]gf:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf dxdbk'/

uflj;–(, lalqmafa'sf] gfd M s'nk|;fb yf?cfdfsf] gfd M hugL yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

ljj/0fdxdbk'/ uflj;–(, lalqmsL ;LtfhfgsL yf?nfO{@)%( k'; % ut] /Ddfk'/ ;}lgs kf]i6af6 cfPsf];]gfsf] u:tL 6f]nLn] du/fuf8L uflj;–#,hAbxjfaf6 kqmfp u/L nu]. pgnfO{ alb{of

/fli6«o lgs'~hsf] k"jL{lr;fkfgLdf /x]sf];]gfsf] Aof/]sdf/flvPsf] ;f] Aof/]saf6l/xf ePsf du/fuf8Luflj;–$, dfgk'/ufFpsL b'O{hgf dlxnfn]atfPsf] kLl8t kl/jf/n]

atfP. pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-^&_ lrNn' yf?hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ k'; @& ut]

!^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @( ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf dgfp

uflj;–(, gf}/+ufk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf wwjf/

uflj;–*, ljhogu/afa'sf] gfd M ul/jf yf?cfdfsf] gfd M ljrGof yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fwwjf/ uflj;–* ljho-gu/sf !^ jifL{o lrNn'yf?nfO{ @)%* r}t @(ut] dgfp uflj;–(gf}/+ufdf dfdf3/ uPsf]cj:yfdf ;]gfsf] u:tL6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf]

cj:yf c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

255


-^*_ o1axfb'/ /fjnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% c;f/ !^ ut]

@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%( r}t #) ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf g]pnfk'/

uflj;–% e'/LufFpk]zf M kmf]6f]u|fkm/:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf a]njf

uflj;–# zflGtk'/afa'sf] gfd M hoaxfb'/ /fjncfdfsf] gfd M /fds'df/L /fjnj}jflxs cj:yf M ljjflxtkTgLsf] gfd M nIdL /fjn 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)

ljj/0fa]njf uflj;–# zflGtk'/sf@$ jifL{o o1axfb'//fjnnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf] kmf]6f] lvr]sf] cf/f]kdf@)%( r}t #) ut]] 7fs'/åf/fdf /x]sf] ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] pgsf] kmf]6f] :6'l8of]af6} ufl8df xfnLnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/n] 8/qf;sf sf/0f st} vf]hLug{ g;s]sf]atfP.

-^(_ sNn' yf?hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@) c;f]h !@ ut]

#* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @( ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf augfxf

uflj;–&, augfxfk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf augfxf

uflj;–&, augfxfafa'sf] gfd M 7Uuf yf?cfdfsf] gfd M sdnf yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M bzgL yf?5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@

ljj/0faugfxf uflj;–&, augfxfsf #* jifL{o sNn'yf?nfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf @)%* r}t @(ut] 7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf] ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] 3/d};'lt/x]sf] cj:yfdf ufl8df xfnL nu]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF/fxt:j?k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-&)_ t]haxfb'/ yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$$ r}t @&÷!$ jif{ 36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @&36gf:yn M wwjf/ uflj; –&,

b"wyfgkm]gf, alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M wwjf/ uflj; –&,

b"wyfgkm]gf, alb{ofafa'sf] gfd M /fdb'nf/] yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M hfuL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fwwjf/ uflj;– &sft]haxfb'/ yf¿nfO{@)%* r}t @& ut] pgs}ufFpaf6 ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/u/L du/fuf8Luflj;l:yt ;]gfsf]SofDkdf nu]sf] lyof].lu/km\tf/ u/]kZrft\

pgsf] b'j} xft k5fl8 afFw]/ SofDkdf nu]sf];f]xL uflj;sf wgL/fd yf¿, k|eft yf¿nufot5 hgfn] b]v]sf lyP. ef]lnkN6 SofDkdf a'em\ghfFbf ToxfF gNofOPsf] atfpFb} cfkm"x?nfO{wDSofPsf] kLl8tsf kl/jfn] atfP. pgsf]kl/jf/nfO{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn]/fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

256


-&!_ nIdLk|;fb clwsf/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ dª\l;/ *

@$ jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t&36gf:yn M wwjf/ uflj; –&

wfgkm]gf, alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M wwjf/ uflj; –&

wfgkm]gf, alb{ofafa'sf] gfd M k|efs/ clwsf/Lcfdfsf] gfd M kljqf clwsf/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fwwjf/ uflj;sfnIdLk|;fb clwsf/Lg]kfn k|x/Lsf] ;]jfdfsfo{/t lyP. sfnLsf]6dfb/aGbL ePsfclwsf/LnfO{ 3/ labfdfcfPsf a]nf @)%* r}t& ut] /Defk'/sf] ;}lgs

6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]/ a]kQf kf/]sf] lyof].lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ !nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j?k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-&@_ ;Ltfs['df/L yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$)÷!* jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* dª\l;/ @$ ut]36gf:yn M ags6'jf uflj;–(

nfnk'/,afFs]lnª\u M dlxnf:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf df]ltk'/

uflj;–& ;tl/ofafa'sf] gfd M s/dnfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M kx/L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f df]ltk'[/ uflj; –& sL dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ !*jifL{of ;Ltfs'df/L yf¿nfO{ @)%* dª\l;/ @$

ut] afFs] lhNnfsf]ags6'jf uflj;–(nfnk'/af6 lr;fkfgLaf6cfPsf] ;}lgs 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQfkf/]sf] lyof].kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no

alb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-&#_ ;u'gnfn rf}w/L hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))( df3 @(

$( jif{36gf ldlt M @)%*k'; !@ ut]36gf:yn M wwjf/ uflj;–(,

alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M wwjf/ uflj;–(

l;d/xjf, alb{ofafa'sf] gfd M cfzf/fd rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M u'OtL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M hudf]lxgL rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M $÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M (

ljj/0fwwjf/ uflj; ( sf $(jlif{o ;u'gnfnrf}w/LnfO{ @)%*k'; !@ut] ;]gfsf] lr;fkfgLAof/]saf6 SofK6]h /d]z:jf/sf] g]t[Tjdf cfPsf]6f]nLn] lgoGq0fdf lnP/a]kQf kf/]sf]

lyof].hg;]jf pRr dfljsf lzIfs rf}w/LljBfnoaf6 3/ kmls{/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;]gfn]lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] lyof]. pgL lzIfs ;ª\u7g,Yff? sNof0fsf/L ;ef tyf /]8qm; ;f];fO6L;Fucfa4 lyP.

257


-&$_ kbdaxfb'/ bnf{dLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ dª\l;/ !@÷@#jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @$ ut]36gf:yn M g]pnfk'/ uflj;–!cd|]gLlnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M g]pnfk'/ uflj;–!cd|]gL

,alb{ofafa'sf] gfd M slj/fd bnf{dfL cfdfsf] gfd M a;Gbf/L bnf{dLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M csf]{ ljjfx ul/;s]sf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^

ljj/0fg]pnfk'/ uflj;–!sf @#jifL{o kbdaxfb'/bnf{dLnfO{@)%( h]7 @$ut] eLdsfnL u0faf6cfPsf ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn];fFem & ah]lt/ 3/dfal;/x]sf] a]nflgoGq0fdf lnP/ a]kQf

kf/].pgsf kl/jf/n] /fxt:j?k s'g} ;xof]u;/sf/af6 kfPsf 5}gg\.

-&%_ ?GRof yf¿ -/fdnfn_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* k'; !)ut]

#!jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs # ut36gf:yn M dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;

–* hd'gfaf]emLlnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M dfgk'/ 6k/fuflj; –*

hd'gfaf]emL, alb{ofafa'sf] gfd M nf]xgL yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M afFwL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M ueL{ yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷#cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fdfgk'/ 6k/f uflj; –*sf #! jifL{o /fdnfnelgg] ?GRof yf¿nfO{@)%( sflQs # ut]cfkm\g} 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf g]kfnL ;]gf,g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:qk|x/Lsf] ;+o'Qm 6f]lnn]

lu/km\tf/ u/L glhs}sf] dfgk'/6k/f ljBfnosf]s]7fdf y'g]/ /fv].pgLnufot cGo !)–!@hgfnfO{ klg pQm ljBfnodf ;ft lbg;Dd y'g]//fv]sf] pgsf kl/jf/hgn] atfP. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn]/fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-&^_ hgsaxfb'/ zfxLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!# ebf} @ ut]÷$^36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @$ ut]36gf:yn M g]pnfk'/ uflj;–!

cd|]gL, alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M g]pnfk'/ uflj;–!

cd|]gL afa'sf] gfd M aL/axfb'/ zfxLcfdfsf] gfd M h};/f zfxLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M /fhs'df/L zfxL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fg]pnfk'/ uflj; –! sf$^ jifL{o hgsaxfb'/zfxLnfO @)%( h]7 @$ut] /flt 3/d} al;/x]sfa]nf eLdsfnL u0flr;fkfgL Aof/]saf6cfPsf] ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/L lgoGq0fdf

lnP/ a]kQf kf/]. pgL dfl/Psf] hfgsf/L u/fpFb}

258


Ps jif{kl5 7fs'/åf/f Jof/]saf6 kq k|fKt ePklg ljZjf; gePsf] kLl8t kl/jf/n] hgfPsf]5.kLl8t kl/jf/n] /fxt :j?k s'g} ;xof]u k|fKtu/]sf] 5}g.

-&&_ jf;'b]j zdf{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!( r}t !@ ut]

$) jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ !! ut]36gf:yn M ;]hjfn6fs'/f uflj;–*,

;Nofglnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf du/fu8L

uflj;–^ l;plgof 6f]nafa'sf] gfd M j]bk|;fb zdf{cfdfsf] gfd M 5'g'dfb]jL zdf{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M xL/fs'df/L zdf{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)

ljj/0fdu/fu8L uflj;–^sf $) jifL{o jf;'b]j zdf{nfO{@)%( c;f/ !! ut] ljBfno hfFb} ubf{ u:tLdfuPsf] ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] ;Nofg lhNNffsf];]hjfn6fs'/f uflj;–*af6 lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQfkf/]sf] lyof].pgL ;Nofgdf lzIf0f ub}{ cfPsflyP.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ s'g} /fxt pknAwu/fOPsf] 5}g.

-&*_ hª\uaxfb'/ jnLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!%kmfu'g !%ut]

$$ jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @$ ut]36gf:yn M du/fu8L uflj;–*,

alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf ;fgf]>L

uflj; afa'sf] gfd M anaxfb'/ jnLcfdfsf] gfd M /TgfsnL jnLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

klt jf kTgLsf] gfd M dltsnf jnLcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !)

ljj/0falb{of lhNnf ;fgf]>Luflj; sf hª\uaxfb'/jnLnfO{ @)%( h]7 @$ut] du/fu8L uflj;–*l:yt cfkmGt sxfF uPsfa]nf ;f]xL 7fpFdf /x]sf]Aof/]saf6 cfPsf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/L

a]kQf kf/]sf] lyof].pgnfO{ lr;fkfgL Aof/]snluPsf] yfxf kfP/ TofxfF ;f]wk'5 ug{ uPsfkl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ TofxfF gNofOPsf] hfgsf/Lu/fOPsf] lyof].

-&(_ k|]dk|sfz yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% c;f/ !$ ut]

@#36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !# ut]36gf:yn M dgfp uflj;–*

gf}/ª\uf, alb{of lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M dgfp uflj;–* gf}/ª\ufafa'sf] gfd M jL/an yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M 7ugL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)

ljj/0fdgfp uflj;–* gf}/ª\ufsf @# jifL{o k|]dk|sfzyf¿nfO{ @)%* kmfu'g !# ut] 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQfkf/]sf] lyof]. k|ToIfbzL{x?n] pgnfO{ /fhfk'/tkm{nlu/x]sf] atfP.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j?kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

259


-*)_ /fh]Gb|/fh ef/tLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@& r}t @ ut]÷#@36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @$ ut]36gf:yn M du/fu98L uflj;–*lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf ;fgf]>L

uflj; –& ufpF gDa/ @afa'sf] gfd M rGb|b]j ef/tLcfdfsf] gfd M lxnf ef/tLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M ljdnf ef/tL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)

ljj/0f;fgf]>L uflj; –& ufpFgDa/ @sf #@ jifL{o/fh]Gb|/fh ef/tLnfO{@)%( h]7 @$ ut]du/fu98L uflj;–* dfcfkm\gf cfkmGt sxfFuPsf a]nf ;f]xL 7fpFdf/x]sf] ;]gfsf] Aof/]saf6

cfPsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]sf lyP.pgnfO{ lr;fkfgL Aof/]s nluPsf] hfgsf/L kfP/TofxfF ;f]wk'5 ug hfFbf ;]gfn] gNofPsf] hgfPsf]kLl8t kl/jf/n] atfP.kLl8tsf kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k s'g} ;xof]u lhNnf k|zf;gn] pknAwu/fPsf] 5}g.

-*!_ a'wgL yf¿ -pdf_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$)÷ !*36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t !* ut36gf:yn M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–( ;f]gfxflnª\u M dlxnf:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–( ;f]gfxf,

alb{ofafa'sf] gfd M nf}6g yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M hf]vgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^

ljj/0f;"o{k6'jf uflj;–(;f]gfxf sL dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ !* jifL{of pdfelgg] a'wgL yf¿nfO{@)%* r}t !* ut]cfkm\g} v]tdf d';'/f]sfl6/x]sf a]nf7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf]

;]gfsf] u:tL 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf/]sf]lyof]. pgnfO{ r}t @^ ut] l/xf ul/lbg] eg]/kl/jf/sf dflg;nfO{ Aof/]sdf af]nfOP tf klgpgnfO{ l/xf gul/Psf] kLl8t kl/jf/n] hfgsf/Lu/fP.kLl8t kl/jf/n] /fxt kfPsf 5}gg\.

-*@_ ho/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* sflQs !%ut]

@! jif{36gf ldlt M @ )%( sf

lQs $ ut]36gf:yn M gofFufpF uflj;–!

gofFufpF, alb{of lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M gofFufpF uflj;–!

gofFufpF afa'sf] gfd M uxg" yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M cdf}tL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M@

ljj/0fgofFufpF uflj;–! sfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ @!jifL{o ho/fd yf¿nfO{@)%( sflQs $ ut]laxfg & ah]lt/ ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] 3/af6} lu/km\tf/u/L s'6lk6 ub{} uf8Ldfxfn]/ nu]sf lyP. kLl8t

260


kl/jf/n] /Defk'/,7fs'/åf/f lr;fkfgLnufotsfAof/]sdf ;f]wk'5 {ubf{{{ { { { { { gNofPsf] hfgsf/Lu/fOPsf] lyof].kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no alb{ofn] ! nfv ?lkofF /fxt:j?kpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-*#_ sfn'/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) ebf} ÷ !(36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs $ ut36gf:yn M gofufpF uflj;–! gofFufpF,

alb{of lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf gofufpF

uflj;–! gofFufpFafa'sf] gfd M xl/k|;fb yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M levgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !) hgf

ljj/0fgofufpF uflj;–!gofFufpFsf !( jifL{osfn'/fd yf¿nfO{ @)%(sflQs $ ut] pgs}3/af6 ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQfkf/].lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8t

kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-*$_ km"nfk|;fb yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* df3 !@ ut]

#) jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t ^ ut36gf:yn M kftfef/ uflj;–(

ags6\6L,alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M kftfef/ uflj;–(

ags6\6Lafa'sf] gfd M s's/L yf¿

cfdfsf] gfd M cª\ugL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M /fdhfgsL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0f kftfef/ uflj;–(ags6\6Lsf lzIfs k|]delgg] #) jifL{okm"nfk|;fb yf¿nfO{@)%* r}t ^ ut] pgs}3/af6 ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQfagfof].pgL kz'klt

Oª\lnz af]l8{ª\u :s"nsf lzIfs lyP.

-*%_ /fdgf/fo0f yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ h]7 !%ut]÷!^36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; & ut]36gf:yn M /fhfk'/ uflj;,

wf]ljgk'/lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf

kz'kltgu/ uflj;–* ky/}of

afa'sf] gfd M s"njL/ yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M /fdKof/L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M /fds'df/L yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!

ljj/0f kz'kltgu/ uflj;–*ky/}ofsf !^ jifL{o/fdgf/fo0f yf¿nfO{@)%* k'; & ut]/fhfk'/ uflj;sf]wf]ljgk'/df ;'lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf Onfsf k|x/Lsfof{no /fhfk'/af6

cfPsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]/ a]kQf kf/]sf] lyof].

261


pgL;Fu kLl8tsf kl/jf/n] @)%* df3 % ut]lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no u'nl/of / To;sf] s]xL;dokl5 sf/fuf/df e]6 u/]sf] lyof]. kl5Nnf]k6s @)%( ;fndf sf/fuf/df hfFbf TofxfFgePsf] hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof].kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{on] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-*^_ nf}6L yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) h]7 @!ut]

!* jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @( ut]36gf:yn M dgfp uflj;–*,gf}/ª\uflnª\u M dlxnf:yfoL 7]ufgf M dgfp uflj;–*,gf}/ª\ufafa'sf] gfd M hUu" yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M b'nf/L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M &

ljj/0fdgfp uflj;–*,gf}/ª\ufsL @! jifL{of nf}6Lyf¿nfO{nfO{ @)%* r}t@( ut] /flt pgs}3/af6 ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQfkf/]sf] lyof].kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ lhNnf

k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-*&_ aufn] yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! ebf} % ut]

!*36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs # ut]36gf:yn M abfnk'/ uflj; (

hok'/,alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf abfnk'/

uflj; ( hok'/

afa'sf] gfd M wgjL/ yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M r'lNxof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0f abfnk'/ uflj; (hok'/sf !* jifL{oaufn] yf¿nfO{ @)%(sflQs # ut] /fltcfkm\g} 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf ;]gf / ;z:qk|x/Lsf] ;+o'Qm 6f]nLn]lgoGq0fdf lnP/ dfgk'/

6k/fl:yt ljBfnodf /fv]sf] lyP. pgsfkl/jf/n] sflQs % ut];Dd pgnfO{ ljBfnodfb]v]sf lyP.t/ ;]gfn] pgnfO{ gNofPsf] atfPsf]lyof]. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-**_ sfnL/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@÷@& jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h !^36gf:yn M df]ltk'/ uflj;–@

,njfbf,alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ uflj;–@ ,njfbfafa'sf] gfd M sNr" yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M a]nL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M /;}nL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0f df]ltk'/ uflj;–@ njf-bfsf @& jifL{o sfnL/fdyf¿nfO @)%( c;f]h!^ ut] /flt pgs}3/af6 ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQfkf/]sf] lyof]. lhNnf

262



-*(_ >L/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$^ ebf} ! ut]

!# jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} ! ut]36gf:yn M du/fu8L uflj;–!

tsf{k'/, alb{of lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M du/fu8L uflj;–!

tsf{k'/afa'sf] gfd M sf]7f/L yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M dv'gL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !^

ljj/0f du/fu8L uflj;–!tsf{k'/sf !# jifL{o>L/fd yf¿nfO @)%(ebf} ! ut] /flt cfkm\gf]3/df ;'lt/x]sf] cj:yfdfdu/fu8L uflj;–*/Defk'/df /x]sf] ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] 3/af6} lu/km\tf/

u/L a]kQf kf/]sf] lyof]. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noalb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-()_ dx]z yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) ;fpg @$ ut]÷!(36gf ldlt M@)%( ebf} !) ut]36gf:yn M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–#

lr6s}of, alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–#

lr6s}ofafa'sf] gfd M s'njL/ yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M ueL{ yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M$

ljj/0f 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–#lr6s}ofsf !( jifL{odx]z yf¿nfO{ @)%(ebf} !) ut] /flt !@ah]lt/ 7fs'/åf/fsf];]gfsf] 6f]nLn] 3/af6}lgoGq0fdf lnP/ a]kQfkf/]sf lyP. lhNnf


-(!_ xl/r/0f yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))* ;fn ut]

%! jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} ^ ut]36gf:yn M df]ltk'/ uflj;–@ njbf,

alb{of lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ uflj;–@ njbfafa'sf] gfd M lzjk|;fb yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M tfF7L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M c;kmL{ yf¿cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !$

ljj/0f df]ltk'/ uflj;–@njbfsf %! jifL{oxl/r/0f yf¿nfO{ @)%(ebf} ^ ut] /flt %) hgfhltsf] ;ª\Vofdf cfPsf];]gfsf] 6f]nLn] 3/af6}lgoGq0fdf lnP/ a]kQfkf/]sf] lyof]. lhNnf


263


-(@_ nfnlaxf/L yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* sflQs !% ut]

@! jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} ^ ut]36gf:yn M df]ltk'/ uflj;–@

g]jbf, alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf df]ltk'/

uflj;–@ g]jbfafa'sf] gfd M lrGs" yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M e'/L yf¿ j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M lhl/of yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)

ljj/0f df]ltk'/ uflj;–@g]jbfsf @! jifL{o nfn-laxf/L yf¿nfO{ @)%(ebf} ^ ut] /flt zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] 3/3]/f xfn]/ 3/sf cGo;a}nfO 3/df y'g]/pgnfO dfq lgoGq0fdf

lnP/ nu]sf lyP. pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft5.. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] /fxt :j?k! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-(#_ lkm? Yff¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ h]7 !& ut]

@# jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 ^ ut36gf:yn M 8]p9snf uflj;–(

ssf}/f, alb{of lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M 8]p9snf uflj;–(

ssf}/f afa'sf] gfd M afbn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M ;fpgL yf¿ j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M csf] ljjfx ul/;s]sf]

ljj/0f 8]p9snf uflj;–(ssf}/fsf @# jifL{o lkm?Yff¿nfO{ @)%( h]7 ^ut] /flt 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf lu/km\tf/ u/La]kQf kf/]sf] lyof].To;}lbg lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf;f]xL uflj;sf /d]z yf?

;ft dlxgfkl5 l/xf eP/ cfPkl5 pgn] lkm¿nfO{cfFvfdf k6\6L afFw]/ /fv]sf] cj:yfdf lr;fkfgLAof/]sdf b]v]sf] atfP. lkm?sf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5.pgsf] kl/jf/n] s'g} /fxt kfPsf 5}gg\.

-($_ adaxfb'/ zfxLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% sflQs @ ut]

@$ jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 * ut]36gf:yn M 8]p9fsnf uflj;–#

df5fu9, alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf

8]p9fsnf uflj;–# df5fu9

afa'sf] gfd M eLdaxfb'/ zfxLcfdfsf] gfd M xl/snf zfxL j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M ;/Ltf zfxL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷#

ljj/0f 8]p9fsnf uflj;–#df5fu9sf @$ jifL{oadaxfb'/ zfxLnfO{@)%( h]7 * ut]sAhfdf lnP/ Ps}l5gdf k7fOlbG5f}F eGb};]gfsf] Ps 6f]nLn]nu]sf]df pgsf] xfn;Dd

cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/n] xfn;Dd s'g}/fxt ;xof]u kfPsf 5}gg\.

264


-(%_ >L/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ h]7 !^

@% jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 * ut]36gf:yn M 8]p9fsnf uflj;–#

df5fu9, alb{of lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M 8]p9fsnf uflj;–#

df5fu9afa'sf] gfd M lsl/d yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M a]t'nL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M uf}/L yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0f 8]p9fsnf uflj;–#df5fu9sf @% jifL{o>L/fd yf¿nfO{ @)%(h]7 * ut] 3/df;'lt/x]sf] cj:yfdfp7fP/ ;]gsf] Ps 6f]nLn]lnP/ uPsf]df pgsf]cj:yf cem} c1ft 5.

lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] /fxt :j?k !nfv ?lkofF kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf]5.

-(^_ >L/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% kmfu'g !& ut]

@$ jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 * ut]36gf:yn M 8]p9fsnf uflj;–#

df5fu9, alb{of lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M 8]p9fsnf uflj;–#

df5fu9afa'sf] gfd M afa'/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M k/jL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M cgLtf yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0f 8]p9fsnf uflj;–#df5fu9sf @$ jifLo>L/fd yf¿nfO{ @)%(h]7 * ut] 3/df;'lt/x]sf] cj:yfdf %;o eGbf a9L ;ª\VofdfcfPsf] ;]gfsf] Ps6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/

u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tsfkl/jf/nfO{ s'g} /fxt pknAw u/fOPsf] 5}g.

-(&_ hgsaxfb'/ rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) df3 !! ut]

!* jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @# ut]36gf:yn M kftfef/ uflj;–@u0f]zk'/,

alb{of lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M kftfef/ uflj;–@ u0f]zk'/afa'sf] gfd M uf]kfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M e/y/lgof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

ljj/0fkftfef/ uflj;–@u0f]zk'/sf !* jifL{ohgsaxfb'/ rf}w/LnfO{@)%* kmfu'g @# ut]3/df ;'lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf p7fP/ ;]gfsf]Ps 6f]nLn] 3/aflx/NofP/ d/0ff;Gg x'g]

u/L s'6lk6 u/]kl5 u0f]zafaf rf]sdf /f]s]//fv]sf] ;]gfsf] uf8Ldf xfn]/ nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.pgL;Fu} pgsf bfh'u0f]zaxfb'/nfO{ klg ;]gfn] nu]sf] lyof].kLl8tsf kl/jf/nfO{ s'g} /fxt pknAw u/fOPsf]5}g.

265


-(*_ u0f]zaxfb'/ rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* r}t @(ut]

@) jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @# ut]36gf:yn M kftfef/ uflj;–@ u0f]zk'/,

alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf kftfef/

uflj;–@ u0f]zk'/afa'sf] gfd M uf]kfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M e/y/lgof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

ljj/0f kftfef/ uflj;–@u0f]zk'/sf @) jifL{ou0f]zaxfb'/ rf}w/LnfO{@)%* kmfu'g @# ut]3/df ;'lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf p7fP/ ;]gfsf]Ps 6f]nLn] 3/aflx/NofP/ d/0ff;Gg x'g] u/L

s'6lk6 u/]kl5 u0f]zafaf rf]sdf /f]s]/ /fv]sf];]gfsf] uf8Ldf xfn]/ nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5.pgL;Fu} pgsf efO hgsaxfb'/nfO{ klg;]gfn] nu]sf] lyof]. kLl8tsf kl/jf/nfO{ s'g}/fxt pknAw u/fOPsf] 5}g.

-((_ l8n/fd aghGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@#ut] ebf} (

#% jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @$ ut]36gf:yn M kftfef/ uflj;–^

hgsgu/, alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf kftfef/

uflj;–^ hgsgu/afa'sf] gfd M hf]u]Zj/ agcfdfsf] gfd M nlntf ag j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M lx/f zfxL

5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0fkftfef/ uflj;–^hgsgu/sf #% jifL{ol8n/fd agnfO{ @)%*r}t @$ ut] 7fs'/åf/fdf/x]sf] ;]gfsf] Aof/]saf6cfPsf] 6f]nLn] /flt3/df ;'lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf p7fP/

nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.7fs'/åf/fAof/]sdf vf]hL ug{ hfFbf ;]gfn] cfkm"x?nfO{ wDsLlbPsf] kl/jf/hgn] atfP. kLl8tsf kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/sf]tkm{af6 s'g} /fxt pknAw ePsf] 5}g.

-!))_ ;f]dk|;fb yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ j}zfv ! ut]

@# jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( dª\l;/ !( ut]36gf:yn M kftfef/ uflj;–^,

alb{of lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M kftfef/ uflj;–^afa'sf] gfd M ?Gr] yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M lvl8of yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M csf]{ ljjfx ePsf]cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M % hgf

ljj/0fkftfef/ uflj;–^ sf @#jifL{o ;f]dk|;fb yf¿nfO{@)%( dª\l;/ !( ut]ut] % ;osf] ;ª\VofdfcfPsf] ;}lgs 6f]nLn]3/af6} lgoGq0fdf lnP/nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5.

lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] /fxt :j?k !

266


nfv ?lkofF kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf]5.

-!)!_ o'j/fh e08f/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#(ut] dª\l;/ # ut]

!( jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @# ut]36gf:yn M uf]nf uflj;–& tLg3?jf,

alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]nf uflj;–& tLg3?jfafa'sf] gfd M afn] e08f/Lcfdfsf] gfd M a]nk'/f e08f/L j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0f uf]nf uflj;–& tLg3?jf!( jifL{o o'j/fhe08f/LnfO{ @)%* kmfu'g@# ut] /flt cfkm\g} 3/df;'lt/x]sf] cj:yfdf7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf];]gfsf] u:tL 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf

kf/]sf] lyof]. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn]/fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!)@_ ;/:jtL rf}w/L-tf/f_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) ;fpg ÷!( jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; * ut]36gf:yn M eLdfk'/ uflj;–&

j]nf;faf6,alb{oflnª\u M dlxnf:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]nf uflj;–* bIfL0f

uf]nfafa'sf] gfd M wfg'/fd yf?cfdfsf] gfd M ;'/eL yf¿ j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M *

ljj/0f uf]nf uflj;–* bIfL0fuf]nfsL tf/f elgg] !(jifL{of ;/:jtLrf}w/LnfO{ @)%* k'; *ut] eLdfk'/ uflj;–&j]nf;faf6 /fhfk'/k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/LPs dlxgf;Dd /fhfk'/

k|x/L rf{}sLdf /fv]sf] lyof].To;kl5 pgnfO{ Psdlxgf;Dd lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no u'nl//ofdf/fv]sf] lyof] hxfF pgsf kl/jf/n] b'O{k6s ;Dde]6]sf lyP. clGtd k6s @)%( h]7 dlxgfdfe]6]kl5 ;/:jtLsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkofF kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!)#_ r}g/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ ;fn]÷@& jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !) ut]36gf:yn M g]kfnu~h

gu/kflnsf, afFs]lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M uf]nf uflj;–!

zflGtk'/afa'sf] gfd M lzj/fh yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M d]8Ls'df/L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M csf] ljjfx u/]sf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)

ljj/0f uf]nf uflj;–!zflGtk'/sf r}g/fdyf¿nfO{ @)%( ebf} !)ut] afFs] lhNnfg]kfnu~h gkfaf6 ;f]xL7fpFsf] Aof/]ssf ;]gfn]lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQfkf/]sf] lyof].pgL hn

tyf df};d ljefu g]kfnu~h zfvfdf ;xfos

267


kbdf sfo{/t lyP.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noalb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!)$_ k|b]lzgL yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$# k'; !^ ut]

!^ jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @% ut]36gf:yn M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–!

e'8Oof, alb{oflnª\u M dlxnf:yfoL 7]ufgf M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–!

e'8Oofafa'sf] gfd M auf¿ yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M ZofgL yf¿ j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M *

ljj/0f 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–!e'8OofsL !^ jifL{ofk|bz{gL yf¿nfO{ @)%(h]7 @% ut] /flt cfkm\g}3/df ;'lt/x]sf] cj:yfdf;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] p7fP/cfkm\gf] uf8Ldf xfn]/nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf

c1ft 5. pgnfO{ ;f]xL uflj;–$ l:yt hª\undfxTof u/]sf] ;'lgP tf klg k'li6 gePsf] kLl8tkl/jf/n] hgfof]. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noalb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!)%_ hgsaxfb'/ pkfWofohGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! sflQs (ut]

@* jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ $ ut]36gf:yn M 8]p9snf uflj;–#

df5fu9, alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M 8]p9snf uflj;–#

df5fu9

afa'sf] gfd M wd{ pkfWofocfdfsf] gfd M lztnf pkfWofoj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M ;'zLnf pkfWofo5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)

ljj/0f 8]p9snf uflj;–#df5fu9sf @* jifL{ohgsaxfb'/ pkfWofonfO{@)%( c;f/ $ ut] /fltcfkm\g} 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]a]nf ;Ddfk'/af6 ;}lgs6f]nLn] Ps} l5gdfkmsf{Olbg] eg]/ nu]sf]df

pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.pgnfO{ tLg dlxgf;Ddlr;fkfgL Aof/]sdf /fv]sf] hfgsf/L ePsf]kLl8t kl/jf/n] atfP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noalb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!)^_ ;'zLnf rf{}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! Df3 !@ ut]

!* jif{36gf ldlt M @)%(h]7 @% ut]36gf:yn M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–!

e'/s'Oof, alb{oflnª\u M dlxnf:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf 7fs'/åf/f

uflj;–! e'/s'Oofafa'sf] gfd M hª\uLnfn rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M s'nL{ yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M *

ljj/0f 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–! e'/s'OofsL !* jifL{of;'zLnf rf}w/LnfO{ @)%(h]7 @% ut] cfkm\g}3/df ;'lt/x]sf] a]nf 7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf];]gfsf] u:tL 6f]nLn] uf8Ldf xfn]/ nu]sf] lyof].;f]xL uflj;–$ l:yt ;'t}ofsf] hª\undf k'¥ofP/

268


pgsf] xTof ul/Psf] eGg];'lgP tf klg k'li6gePsf] kLl8t kl/jf/n]atfP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no alb{ofn] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFkLl8t kl/jf/nfO{pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!)&_ snklt yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!(÷$) jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} ^ ut]36gf:yn M df]ltk'/ uflj;–@ g]jbf,

alb{of lnª\u M dlxnf:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ uflj;–@ g]jbfafa'sf] gfd M rdf/L yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M 7ugLof yf¿ j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M hgs yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)

ljj/0f df]ltk'/ uflj;–@ g]jbfsL$) jifL{of snkltyf¿nfO{ @)%( ebf} ^ut] cfkm\g} 3/df;'lt/x]sf] cj:yfdf/Ddfk'/af6 cfPsf];]gfsf] u:tL 6f]nLn]uf8Ldf xfn]/ nusf]df

pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noalb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!)*_ eu/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* h]7 % ut]

@! jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} ^ ut36gf:yn M df]ltk'/ uflj;–@ njfbf,

alb{of

lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ uflj;–@ njfbfafa'sf] gfd M jf;'b]j yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M abnL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M gv'n]sf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M#

ljj/0fdf]ltk'/ uflj;–@ njf-bfsf @! jifL{o eu/fdyf¿nfO{ @)%( ebf} ^ut] /flt 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]uf8Ldf xfn]/ nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no

alb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!)(_ lx/fdl0f yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ kmfu'g !% ut]

@@ jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t #!36gf:yn M7fs'/åf/f uflj;–!,

e'/sOof, alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf

7fs'/åf/f uflj;–!, e'/sOof

afa'sf] gfd M lrGs" yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M sfG5L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M d~h" yf¿ 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!

ljj/0f 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–!, e'/sOofsf @@ jifL{olx/fdl0f yf¿nfO{ @)%* r}t #! ut] ufpFd}l;sdL{ sfd ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf 7fs'/åf/f l:yt

269


a/vbn u'Ndaf6 cfPsf];]gfsf] 6f]nLn] uf8Ldfxfn]/ nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn]/fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFkLl8t kl/jf/nfO{pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!!)_ /fdaxfb'/ yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) h]7 @^ ut]

!( jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @%36gf:yn M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–!,

e'/sOof, alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–!,

e'/sOofafa'sf] gfd M lrGs" yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M sfG5L yf¿ j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–!,e'/sOofsf !( jifL{o/fdaxfb'/ yf¿nfO{@)%( h]7 @% ut]7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf];]gfsf] 6]fnLn] uf8Ldfxfn]/ nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.

lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] /fxt :j?k !nfv ?lkofF kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf]5

-!!!_ snfklt rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! j}zfv !@ ut]

!* jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @% ut]36gf:yn M 7fs'/åf/f

uflj;–!,e'/sOof, alb{of

lnª\u M dlxnf:yfoL 7]ufgf M 7fs'/åf/f

uflj;–!,e'/sOofafa'sf] gfd M v'lzof yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M lkml/of yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0f 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–!,e'/sOofsL !* jifL{ofsnfklt yf¿nfO{ @)%(h]7 @% ut] /flt7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf];]gfsf] 6f]nLn] 3/ 3]/fxfn]/ lgoGq0fd lnP/nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf

c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!!@_ ;~r"/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% j}zfv * ut]

@% jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @* ut36gf:yn M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–!

e'/sOof, alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–!

e'/sOofafa'sf] gfd M v'zL/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M e'vnL yf¿ j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M k'g:of yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0f 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–! e'/sOofsf @% jifL{o;~r"/fd yf¿nfO{ @)%( h]7 @* ut] /flt7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf] /0fz]/ u0fsf] ;}lgs u:tL6f]nLn] 3/ 3]/f xfn]/ lgoGq0fdf lnP/ uPsf]df

270


pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noalb{ofn] /fxt :j?k !nfv ?lkofF kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!!#_ tf]kaxfb'/ rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!* ebf} !) ut]

$! jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv ! ut]36gf:yn M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–^

7fs'/åf/f, alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–^

7fs'/åf/fafa'sf] gfd M bnaxfb'/ rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M vftL yf¿ j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M hudf]lt yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷$

ljj/0f 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–^7fs'/åf/fsf tf]kaxfb'/rf}w/LnfO{ @)%( j}zfv! ut] /flt ;'lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf 7fs'/åf/faf6cfPsf] ;]gfsf] u:tL6f]nLn] lgoGq0fd lnP/nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:Yff

c1ft 5.Ps dlxgfkl5 pgL 7fs'/åf/fAof;'/]sdf /x]sf] kl/jf/n] yfxf kfPsflyP.@)%( c;f/ ! ut] pgn] cfTdxTof u¥of]egL ck'i6 va/ kl/jf/n] kfPsf lyP. tf]kaxfb'/g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] u7g u/]sf] ufpF hg;/sf/sfpkk|d'v lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn]/fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!!$_ 6]ª\ugL yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$$ j}zfv @% ut]

!% jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ !% ut]36gf:yn M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–(,

lzjk'/, alb{of lnª\u M dlxnf:yfoL 7]ufgf M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–(,

lzjk'/afa'sf] gfd M klt/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M tf]Tof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–(,lzjk'/sL !% jifL{of6]ª\ugL yf¿nfO{ @)%(c;f/ !% ut] /flt7fs'/åf/fl:yt /0fz]/u'Ndaf6 cfPsf] ;}lgs6f]nLn] Psl5gdfkmsf{OlbG5f}F egL

nusf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.pgnfO{ef]lnkN6 cfFvfdf k6\6L afFw]/ ufpF ufpF3'dfOPsf] lyof]. pgL;Fu} kqmfp k/]sf uLtfbnf{dL / t'n;L yf¿ qmdz ef]lnkN6 / kl;kN6l/xf ePsf lyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn]/fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!!%_ cd/ a'9fhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!*÷$) jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @& ut]36gf:yn M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–$,

;'t}of, alb{of lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–$,

;'t}ofafa'sf] gfd M eQmaxfb'/ a'9fcfdfsf] gfd M ;]t'b]jL a'9fj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

271


klt jf kTgLsf] gfd M Hjfnfb]jL a'9f5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ! ÷@

ljj/0f 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–$,;'t}ofsf $) jifL{o cd/a'9fnfO{ @)%* kmfu'g@& ut] 7fs'/åf/fl:yta/v bn u'Ndaf6cfPsf] ;}lgs 6f]nLn]3/af6} lgoGq0fdf lnP/nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf


-!!^_ ;'ldqf yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ j}zfv % ut]

@@ jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @% ut]36gf:yn M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–#

lr6s}of, alb{of lnª\u M dlxnf:yfoL 7]ufgf M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–#

lr6s}ofafa'sf] gfd M ;f]xgnfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M lrRof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0f 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–#lr6s}ofsL @@ jifL{of;'ldqf yf¿nfO{ @)%*r}t @% ut]7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf];}lgs u:tL 6f]nLn] ;f]xL7fpFsf hª\uaxfb'/l;hfkltsf] 3/af6

lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] /fxt :j?k !

nfv ?lkofF kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf]5.

-!!&_ lhpnfn yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ ebf} !$ ut]

@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf 7fs['/åf/f

uflj;–( xflQ;f/afa'sf] gfd M u'l/nfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M lv/dfgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f 7fs['/åf/f uflj;–(xflQ;f/sf @$ jifL{olhpnfn yf¿nfO{ @)%*kmfu'g !* ut]7fs'/åf/fl:yt a/vbnu'Ndaf6 cfPsf] ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf


-!!*_ wd{k|sfz rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ dª\l;/ @@ ut]

!^ jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @# ut]36gf:yn M kz'kltgu/ uflj;–@

;'vf/,alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M kz'kltgu/ uflj;–@

;'vf/afa'sf] gfd M em'7f/L yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M bzgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !!

272


ljj/0fkz'kltgu/ uflj;–@;'vf/sf !^ jifL{owd{k|sfz rf}w/LnfO{@)%* kmfu'g @# ut]7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf];]gfsf] u:tL 6f]nLn]3/af6} lu/km\tf/ u/]/u0f]zrf]saf6 pQ/tkm{

nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. pQm 6f]nLdf;]gfgL chLt yfkf / /d]x :jf/ ;d]t ;+nUg/x]sf] kl/jf/n] hgfP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noalb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!!(_ k'g/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) sflQs !) ut]

@* jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @# ut]36gf:yn M kftfef/ uflj;–@,

alb{of lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M kz'kltgu/ uflj;–@

;'vf/afa'sf] gfd M uofbLg yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M 5f]slgof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M uª\ufs'df/L yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^

ljj/0f kz'kltgu/ uflj;–@;'vf/sf k'G;f elgg] @*jifL{o k'g/fd yf¿nfO{@)%* kmfu'g @# ut]kftfef/ uflj;–@ l:ytPs :yfgLo JolQmsf]3/df ;'lt/x]sf a]nf7fs'/åf/faf6 uPsf]

;]gfsf] u:tL 6f]nLn] 3/sf] sf]7f kmf]8]/

lgoGq0fdf lnPsf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] /fxt :j?k !nfv ?lkofF kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf]5.

-!@)_ 7fs'/k|;fb yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! sflQs % ut]

@& jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t ^ ut]36gf:yn M kz'kltgu/ uflj;–*,

ky/}of, alb{of lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M kz'kltgu/ uflj;–*,

ky/}ofafa'sf] gfd M kgf{ yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M ef]lhof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M uf}/L yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fkz'kltgu/ uflj;–*,ky/}ofsf @& jifL{o7fs'/k|;fb yf¿nfO{@)%* r}t ^ ut]7fs'/åf/fl:yt ;]gfsf]Aof/]saf6 ;]tf] / lgnf]/ª\usf] uf8Ldf cfPsf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/L

a]kQf kf/]sf] lyof]. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noalb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!@!_ d~h" yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! r}t ( ÷!& jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @( ut]36gf:yn M augfxf uflj;–!

zfxLk'/, alb{of lnª\u M dlxnf:yfoL 7]ufgf M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–$,

;'vf/afa'sf] gfd M a'l4/fd yf¿

273


cfdfsf] gfd M a'wgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–$,;'vf/sL !& jifLof d~h"yf¿nfO @)%* kmfu'g@( ut] augfxfuflj;–! zfxLk'/af6lu/km\tf/ u/L 9f]9/Luflj;l:yt k|x/Lrf}sLdf k'¥ofO TofxfFaf6

7fs'/åf/f Aof/]sdf nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5.pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] n8fs"df ;+nUg/x]sL lyOg\. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn]/fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!@@_ r}t]nfn rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* ebf} @ ut]

#) jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; % ut]36gf:yn M du/fu8L uflj;–#,

alb{of lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M wwjf/ uflj;–*,

a]nef/afa'sf] gfd M 7Uu'nfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M lkof/L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M ;Ltf hfgsL rf}{w/LcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0fwwjf/ uflj;–*,a]nef/sf #) jifL{or}t]nfn rf}w/LnfO{ @)%(k'; % ut] du/f89Luflj; /Ddfk'/af6cfPsf] ;]gfsf] u:tL6f]nLn] du/fu8L

uflj;–#df lxFl8/x]sf] cj:yfdf pgL;Fu} rf/hgfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] lyof].pgnfO{ Ps dlxgf;Dd lr;fkfgL Aof/]sdfdfgk'/sf Ps JolQmn] b]v]sf] cfkm"x¿nfO{hfgsf/L u/fPsf] kLl8t kl/jf/n] atfP. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkofF kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!@#_ x'daxfb'/ zfxLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! c;f/ !* ut]

@& jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @$ ut]36gf:yn M zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]

Aof/]s, 7fs'/åf/f, alb{of

lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–$,

;'t}ofafa'sf] gfd M bneQm zfxLcfdfsf] gfd M nIdL zfxLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M hoGtL zfxL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@

ljj/0f 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–$,;'t}ofsf @& jifL{ox'daxfb'/ zfxLnfO{@)%* r}t @$ ut]7fs'/åf/f l:yt a/vbnu'Nddf tf/]v lng uPsfa]nf a]kQf kf/]. o;cl3pgnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/L

tf/]vdf l/xf u/]sf] lyof]. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no alb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFkLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!@$_ e"k]Gb| s];LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@( ebf} & ut]

@( jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @% ut]

274


36gf:yn M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–$, ;'t}of, alb{of

lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–$,

;'t}ofafa'sf] gfd M kbdaxfb'/ s];Lcfdfsf] gfd M ;"hf{ s];L j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M hfgsL s];L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0f 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–$,;'t}ofsf @( jifL{o e"k]Gb|s];LnfO{ @)%* r}t @%ut] 7fs'/åf/f l:yta/vbn u'Ndaf6 cfPsf]njl;+x /fodfemLsf]g]t[Tjdf cfPsf] ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] 3/af6} lgoGq0fdf

lnP/ cfFvfdf kl6\6 afFw]/ nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. ;"of]{bo k|fylds ljBfnosf lzIfs/x]sf s];LnfO{ o;cl3 @)%* dª\l;/ @( ut]@( ut] kqmfp u/L k'; ! ut] l/xf u/]sf]lyof].kLl8tsf kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j¿k s'g};xof]u k|fKt ePsf] 5}g.

-!@%_ df]xgl;+x a~hf/fhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@) ;fpg @@ ut]

#( jif{36gf ldlt M @)^@ h]7 !% ut]36gf:yn M u'nl/of gkf–$,

l;/s'Oof, alb{of lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M u'nl/of gkf–$,

l;/s'Oofafa'sf] gfd M j+znfn a~hf/f cfdfsf] gfd M O{dtL a~hf/f j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M rd]nL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷%

ljj/0f u'nl/of gkf–$,l;/s'Oofsf #( jifL{ofdf]xgl;+x a~hf/fnfO{@)^@ h]7 !% ut] /flt;fbf kf]zfsdf cfPsf;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] 3/df;'lt/x]sf] a]nf Ps} l5gsfd 5 egL nu]sf]df

pgsf] cj:Yff c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noalb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!@^_ /hgL yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$# ebf} @) ut]

!^ jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv $ ut]36gf:yn M ;"o{k6jf uflj;–$asf{

68'jf, alb{of lnª\u M dlxnf:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;"o{k6jf uflj;–$asf{

68'jfafa'sf] gfd M uf]kfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M lx/fdf]lt yf¿ j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !#

ljj/0f ;"o{k6jf uflj;–$asf{68'jfsL !^ jifL{of /hgLyf¿nfO{ @)%( j}zfv$ ut] 7fs'/åf/faf6cfPsf] ;]gfsf 6f]nn]3/af6} lgoGq0fdf lnP/nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. ef]lnkN6

pgsf kl/jf/ 7fs'/åf/f Aof/]sdf a'em\g hfFbfwDsL lbPsf] kl/jf/hgn] atfP. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no alb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFkLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

275


-!@&_ Hof]tL yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* ;fn÷@) jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( kmfu'g !# ut]36gf:yn M dx]Gb|gu/

gkf, s~rgk'/ lnª\u M dlxnf:yfoL 7]ufgf M kftfef/ uflj;–%

hgsgu/afa'sf] gfd M /fdr/0f rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M >Lhnf rf}w/L j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M lzjk|;fb rf}w/LcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0f kftfef/ uflj;–%hgsgu/sL @) jifL{ofHof]tL rf}w/LnfO{ @)%(kmfu'g !# ut] s~rgk'/lhNnfsf] dx]Gb|gu/gu/kflnsf l:yt Ps:yfgLo afl;Gbfsf]3/af6 ;]gfsf] Ps

6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft5.pgL g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] n8fs" /x]sL lyOg\.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/af6 s'g} Ifltk"lt{pknAw u/fOPsf] 5}g.

-!@*_ ;Ltfklt yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$# ÷!^ jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} @( ut]36gf:yn M a]njf uflj;– % dxfb]j

ufpF, alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf ;f]/xjf

uflj;–$, bIfL0f evf/Lafa'sf] gfd M ;"o{k|;fb yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M zflGt yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0f ;f]/xjf uflj;–$, bIfL0fevf/Lsf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ !^ jifL{o;Ltfklt yf¿nfO{ @)%(ebf} @( ut] a]njfuflj;– % dxfb]j ufpFdfcfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] sfoqmd;DkGg u/L 3/ kmsFbf

lr;fkfgL Aof/]saf6 cfPsf] ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]pgnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] lyof]. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no alb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFkLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!@(_ ;Gt/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& ;nf j}zfv !

@! jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t !) ut]36gf:yn M a]njf uflj;–$,

nvgf, alb{of lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M a]njf uflj;–$, nvgfafa'sf] gfd M ab}tf yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M /fdhlgof yf¿ j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M c;kmL{ yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0f a]njf uflj;–$,nvgfsf @! jifL{o;Gt/fd yf¿nfO{@)%*r}t !) ut] lbpF;f]ufpFdf skfn sfl6/x]sf]cj:yfdf tLgj6fuf8Ldf cfPsf %) hgfhltsf] ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]

lgoGq0fdf lnP/ nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft5.pgnfO{ @) lbg;Dd lr;fkfgL Aof/]sdf/fv]sf] ;Gt/fd;Fu} lu/km\tf/ ePsf ufpFn tLg

276


dlxgfkl5 l/xf eP/ cfPkl5 yfxf ePsf]kl/jf/n] atfP. To;aLr tLg k6s ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] 3/df cfP/ cfkm"x?nfO{ s'6lk6 u/]sf]kLl8t kl/jf/n] atfP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noalb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!#)_ af“w['/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!* ;fn ÷$! jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h !^ ut]36gf:yn M df]ltk'/ uflj;–%

ubfxf, alb{of lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ uflj;–% ubfxfafa'sf] gfd M k"/} yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M lsl/xL yf¿ j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M a]km'gL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0f df]ltk'/ uflj;–%ubfxfsf $! jifL{oafFw'/fd yf¿nfO{ @)%(c;f]h !^ ut] /flt 3/df;'lt/x]sf] cj:yfdfp7fP/ ;]gfn] nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.du/f89Lsf] /Ddfk'/af6

cfPsf] ;}lgs 6f]nLn] pgsf l5d]sL 7Uuf yf?nfO{uf]nL k|xf/ u/L 3fOt] agfPkl5 vf6df xfn]/af]Sgsf nflu afw'/fdnufot tLg hgf ufpFn]nfO;]gfn] af]nfP/ nu]sf] lyof]. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no alb{ofn] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFkLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!#!_ snf/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& ;fn k'[; % ut]

@@ jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h !^ ut]

36gf:yn M df]ltk'/ uflj;–% , dbfxf, alb{of

lnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ uflj;–% ,

dbfxfafa'sf] gfd M kxf/L yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M kj{tgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M /fdKof/L yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)

ljj/0f df]ltk'/ uflj;–% ,dbfxfsf @@ jifL{osnf/fd yf¿nfO{ @)%(c;f]h !^ ut] /fltpgsf bfh' 7Uufyf¿nfO{ ;]gfn] uf]nLk|xf/ u/L 3fOt]agfPsf]df pgnfO{

vf6df xfn]/ af]Sgsf nflu pgL;lxt tLg hgfufpFn]nfO{ af]nfP/ nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft5. tLg hgfdWo] 7Uuf g} gfd ePsf JolQm l/xfeP/ cfPkl4 snf/fdf lr;fkfgL Aof/]sdf g}ePsf] atfPsf lyP. t/ lr;fkfgL Aof/]sdfa'em\g hfFbf gNofPsf] hgfP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{s'g} /fxt ;/sf/n] pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-!#@_ klt/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @) #@ df3 !@

@& jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !^ ut]36gf:yn M du/fu8L uflj;–*

/Ddfk'/, alb{oflnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !^ ut]36gf:yn M du/fu8L uflj;–*:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ ulj;–& bdf}nL, afa'sf] gfd M ho/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M levgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

277


klt jf kTgLsf] gfd M csf]{ ljjfx ePsf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0f df]ltk'/ ulj;–& bdf}nL@& jif{ klt/fd yf¿nfO{@)%( ebf} !^ ut]sfdsf] vf]hLdfdx]Gb|gu/ x'Fb} a;dfuO/x]sf] cj:yfdfMdu/fu8L uflj;–*/Ddfk'/df k'Ubf ;]gfsf]

6f]nLn] uf8L /f]s]/ pgL;lxt ;ft hgfnfO{lgoGq0fdf lnP/ cfkm};Fu lnP/ uPsf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.pgL;Fu} lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf t]ª\g'yf¿ Ps dlxgfkl5 l/xf ePsf lyP. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] s'g} /fxt pknAw u/fPsf]5}g.

-!##_ nxfg" yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% df3 ! ut]

@$ jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !^ ut]36gf:yn M du/fu8L uflj;–*,

alb{of 36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !^ ut]36gf:yn M du/fu8L uflj;–*,

alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ uflj;–& bdf}nL,afa'sf] gfd M sfnLk|;fb yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M a'wgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M sdnf yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@

ljj/0fdf]ltk'/ uflj;–& bdf}nLsf @$ jif{ nxfg"yf¿nfO{ @)%( ebf} !^ ut] sfdsf] vf]hLdfdx]Gb|gu/ x'Fb} a;df uO/x]sf] cj:yfdf

Mdu/fu8L uflj;–* df/Ddfk'/df k'u]kl5;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] uf8L/f]s]/ pgL;lxt ;fthgfnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnP/cfkm};Fu lnP/ uPsf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft5.pgL;Fu} lu/km\tf/

ul/Psf t]ª\g' yf¿ Ps dlxgfkl5 l/xf ePsflyP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] s'g} /fxtpknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-!#$_ z]/axfb'/ rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& c;f/ ^

@@ jif{36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !^ ut] 36gf:yn M duf/fu8L uflj;–*,

alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ uflj;–&

alb{ofafa'sf] gfd M k/z'/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M alGwof yf¿ j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M csf] ljjfx eO;s]sf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)

ljj/0fdf]ltk'/ uflj;–& sf @!jifL{o z]/axfb'/rf}w/LnfO{ @)%( ebf}!^ ut]sfdsf] vf]hLdfdx]Gb|gu/ x'Fb} a;dfuO/x]sf] cj:yfdfMdu/fu8L uflj;–* df/Ddfk'/df k'u]kl5

;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] uf8L /f]s]/ pgL;lxt ;fthgfnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnP/ cfkm};Fu lnP/ uPsf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.pgL;Fu} lu/km\tf/ul/Psf t]ª\g' yf¿ Ps dlxgfkl5 l/xf ePsflyP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] s'g} /fxtpknAw u/fPsf] 5}g

278


-!#%_ s]zjs'df/ rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$$ ;fpg #÷!$jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @( 36gf:yn M v}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–@k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M v}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–@

dª\unk'/afa'sf] gfd M h'DnL yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M k'Nxof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f v}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–@dª\unk'/ !$jif{s]zjs'df/ rf}w/L@)%*r}t @( /flt 3/af6}7fs'/åf/faf6 uPsf] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5

-!#^_ 5'g'jf yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ h]7 @*÷#%jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs # ut]36gf:yn M v}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–*k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M v}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–*

xl/gu/afa'sf] gfd M sfGtf yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M gfu]Zj/L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M gfu]Zj/L yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷@ hgf

ljj/0fv}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–* xl/gu/sf #% jifL{o5'g'jf yf¿nfO{@)%( sflQs # ut] cfkm\gf]

v]tdf sfd ul//x]sf]a]nf zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5.kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5

-!#&_ efuL/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ j}zfv !÷@%jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( slQs # ut]36gf:yn M v}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–(k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M v}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–#

cfgGbgu/afa'sf] gfd M y'Dsf yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M lx/fdf]lt yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f v}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–#cfgGbgu/sf @%jifL{oefuL/fd yf¿nfO{@)%(slQs # ut] ;f]xLuflj;–( l:yt cfkm\gf]v]tdf wfg sfl6/x]sf]a]nf zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/L

nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5

-!#*_ s[ds'df/ rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ ;fpg $

@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !% ut]36gf:yn M lkkx/jf uflj;–! , afs]k]zf M ljBfyL{

279


:yfoL 7]ufgf M v}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–% pQ/v}/L

afa'sf] gfd M r'Nxjf yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M ;f]grl/of yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /jLgf rf}w/L

ljj/0fv}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–%pQ/v}/Lsf @@ jifL{os[ds'df/ rf}w/LnfO{@)%* kmfu'g !% ut]afs] lhNnfsf] lkkx/jfuflj;–! l:yt eG;f/sfof{no glhs} ;'v]{t/f]8af6 zfxL g]kfnL

;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. pgL g]kfnu~hdf cWoog/t lyP.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5

-!#(_ ls/0f cfrfo{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ ;fn÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !) ut]36gf:yn M v}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–$k]zf M Jofkf/:yfoL 7]ufgf M v}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–!

Nffnk'/afa'sf] gfd M nf]saxfb'/ cfrfo{cfdfsf] gfd M 6Lsf cfrfo{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lx/f cfrfo{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!hgf

ljj/0f v}/L rGbgk'/ uflj;–! Nffnk'/sf @@ jifL{ols/0f cfrfo{nfO{ @)%( ebf} !) ut]sf]l7of3f6df Jofkfl/s sfd ul//x]sf] a]nf7fs'/åf/faf6 uPsf] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

36GFFkl5 pgsf] kl/jf/tLg jif{;Dd lj:yflkteO{ g]kfnu~h a:b}cfPsf]df @)^#dª\l;/df k'g:yflktePsf lyP. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF

pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!$)_ lji0f' rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## c;f]h !*÷@^jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs @#36gf:yn M dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;–(,

alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dgfp uflj;–& a]nel/ofafa'sf] gfd M ;'Gb/k|;fb rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M zflGt rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /fhs['df/L rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@hgf

ljj/0f dgfp uflj;–&a]nel/ofsf @^ jifL{olji0f' rf}w/LnfO{ @)%(sflQs @# ut] agef]hvfg uPsf] a]nf dfgk'/6k/f uflj;sf]hf]luk'/df zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/

u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. 36gfkl5pgsf] kl/jf/ Ps jif{;Dd lj:yflkt eO cDk'/ufpdf a;]sf] lyof].kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!$!_ lgd{n rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* c;f/ #÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if

280


36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !# ut]36gf:yn M dgfp uflj;–(k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M dgfp uflj;–( afhk'/afa'sf] gfd M r]?k|;fb rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M Zofds'df/L rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lbndf]xgL yf¿

ljj/0f dgfp uflj;–(afhk'/sf @) jifL{olgd{n rf}w/LnfO{@)%*kmfu'g !# ut]7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf]zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] /flt ;'t]sf] a]nflu/km\tf/ u/L 7fs'/åf/f

Aof/]s nu]sf]df pgsf] cjyf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!$@_ cfzf/fd rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ ebf} $÷@$jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs @# 36gf:yn M dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;–(k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M dgfp uflj;–& a]nel/ofafa'sf] gfd M b]jLk|;fb rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M em'7/L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f dgfp uflj;–&a]nel/ofsf @$jifL{ocfzf/fd rf}w/LnfO{@)%( sflQs @# ut]lkslgs uO/x]sf] a]nfhf]luk'/af6 zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/

u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!$#_ hutk|;fb yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@@ ebf} !÷ #^jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !#36gf:yn M dgfp uflj;–(, alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dgfp uflj;–( afhk'/afa'sf] gfd M /fdcjtf/ yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M snfklt yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M hfgsL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷ !hgf

ljj/0fdgfp uflj;–(afhk'/sf #^jifL{ohutk|;fb yf¿nfO{@)%* kmfu'g!#7fs'/åf/faf6 uPsf]zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/Ls]xL lbg;Dd 7fs'/åf/f

Aof/]sdf /fv]kZrft pgsf] cj:yf c1ft5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!$$_ 3gZofd rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@& ;fn j}zfv @)

#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @$ 36gf:yn M g]kfnu~h gu/kflnsf

–!@, afs]k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dgfp uflj;–* gf}/ª\ufafa'sf] gfd M ctjf/L yf¿÷ cfdfsf] gfd M gª\u/L yf¿

281


j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M rDkmL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷ @ hgf

ljj/0f dgfp uflj;–* gf}/ª\uf#! jif{ 3gZofdrf}w/LnfO{ @)%* kmfu'g@$ ut] afs]sf]g]kfnu~h gu/kflnsf–!@ uf];fOufpl:yt;'j0f{dfgsf] 3/df sfdug{ uPsf a]nf zfxL

g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. pgnfO{ /femfdf s]xL lbg /fv]/lr;fkfgL Aof/]s nluPsf] kl/jf/hgsf] egfO 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!$%_ l8n/fh of]uL yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@( dª\l;/ !)÷@( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @* 36gf:yn M g]pnfk'/ uflj; –( alb{ofk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;"o{k6jf uflj;–$, 8Nnfafa'sf] gfd M h'/k|;fb of]uL yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M rsL{ of]uLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f ;"o{k6jf uflj;–$8Nnfsf @( jifL{ol8n/fh of]uLyf¿nfO{@)%* kmfu'g@* ut] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] g]pnfk'/uflj; –( uf]8fgaf6lu/km\tf/ u/]/ nu]sf]

lyof]. tLg lbgkl5 ;]gf]n] pgnfO{ ufp 3'dfPsf]

:yfgLo afl;Gbfx?n] b]v]sf lyP. To;kl5 pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!$^_ lnvf/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) sflQs @)

!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @&36gf:yn M dlgsfk'/ uflj;–*k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dxDdbk'/ uflj;–*afa'sf] gfd M xl//fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M ;'h{bOof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M a]n/fgL yf?5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!hgf

ljj/0f dxDdbk'/ uflj;–*sf!( jifL{o lnvf/fdyf¿nfO{ @)%( h]7 @&ut] zfxL ;]gfdf egf{ x'gnfOgdf a;]sf a]nfSofK6]g /d]z :jf/sf]cfb]zdf lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf

c1ft 5.kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .

-!$&_ b'uf{axfb'/ ;fksf]6fhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))^ c;f/ ! ÷%#jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv & ut]36gf:yn M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$ :yfoL 7]ufgf M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$

b'uf{gu/afa'sf] gfd M nf]s/fh ;fksf]6fj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M gGbsnf ;fksf]6f5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M $÷^ hgf

282


ljj/0f ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$b'uf{gu/sf %# jifL{o b'uf{;fksf]6fnfO{ @)%(j}zfv & ut] pgs}3/af6 7fs'/åf/faf6cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ul/ nu]sf] lyof].

ef]lnkN6 kl/jf/hg TofxFf ;f]Wg hfFbf gNofPsf]pQ/ lbOPsf] lyof].pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k !nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!$*_ v8saxfb'/ ;fksf]6fhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ ebf} @^ ÷## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv & ut] 36gf:yn M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$, alb{of:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$

b'uf{gu/afa'sf] gfd M b'uf{axfb'/ ;fksf]6fcfdfsf] gfd M gGbsnf ;fksf]6fj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kBdsnf ;fksf]6f5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!hgf

ljj/0f ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$b'uf{gu/ ## jif{v8saxfb'/ ;fksf]6fnfO{@)%( j}zfv & ut]3/af6} kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k !nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5. 7fs'/åf/faf6

cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ ul/nu]sf] lyof]. ef]lnkN6 kl/jf/hg TofxFf ;f]WghfFbf gNofPsf] pQ/ lbOPsf] lyof].pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!$(_ xl/k|;fb yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!@ ebf} *÷$& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv & ut]36gf:yn M ;"o{k6jf uflj;–$, alb{of:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$

b'uf{gu/afa'sf] gfd M r'Nxjf yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M ;grl/of yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cfzL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M $÷#hgf

ljj/0f ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$b'uf{gu/sf xl/k|;fbyf¿@)%( j}zfv & ut]lbpF;f] 7fs'/åf/faf6cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] 3/af6}sAhfdf lnP/ uPsflyP. ef]lnkN6

kl/jf/sf dflg;n] Aof/]sdf uP/ ;f]wk'5 ubf{gNofPsf] hafkm lbPsf lyP.kLl8t kl/j/fnfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!%)_ e/t yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ ebf} % ÷!& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( r}t !* 36gf:yn M ;"o{k6jf uflj;–(

alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;"o{k6jf uflj;–(

;f]gfxf afa'sf] gfd M ljZj yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M 7ugL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /fds'df/L yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)

283


ljj/0f ;"o{k6jf uflj;–(;f]gfxfsf !& jifL{o e/tyf¿nfO{ @)%( r}t !*laxfg 7fs'/åf/faf6uPsf zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] 3/af6}lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t

kl/j/fnfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!%!_ uf]dtL yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) ebf} !^÷!* jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t !*36gf:yn M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–(, alb{ofk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–% 5f]6sL

68"jfafa'sf] gfd M nIdL yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M r'lNxof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–%5f]6sL 68"jfsL !*jifL{o uf]dtL yf¿nfO{@)%* r}t !* ut];"o{k6'jf uflj;–(;f]gfxfaf6 7fs'/åf/faf6cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/

u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/j/fnfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!%@_ ?knfn yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ ;fn j}zfv !)

#% jif{

lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv & ut]36gf:yn M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$k]zf M dhb"/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$ b'uf{gu/afa'sf] gfd M kg"{ yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M v'/slnof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ¿kgL yf¿

ljj/0f ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$b'uf{gu/sf #% jifL{o?knfn yf¿nfO{@)%(j}zfv & ut]7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf];]gfsf] 6f]nLn] 8NnfufpFaf6 lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf

c1ft 5. pgL 8Nnf ufpFsf r}njf yf¿sf]3/df sd}ofsf] ?kdf sfo{/t lyP. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!%#_ b'uf{gfy yf¿ of]uLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* k'; !#÷ @! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv % ut]36gf:yn M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$ ,

alb{of:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$,

a8sf 68"jfafa'sf] gfd M u'?k|;fb yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M uf]lxgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf] 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷ hgf

ljj/0f ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$ a8sf 68"jfsf @! jifL{ob'uf{gfy yf¿ of]uLnfO{@)%( j}zfv % ut] /flt3/df ;'lt/x]sf] cj:yfdf zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]

284


6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j?k s'g} ;xof]upknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-!%$_ j;GtL yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$$ r}t !%÷ !% jif{lnª\u M dlxnf 36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @& ut]36gf:yn M g]pnfk'/ uflj;–(,alb{ofk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–% 5f]6sL

68"jfafa'sf] gfd M r'Nxjf yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M kgL{ yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f M;"o{k6'jf uflj;–% 5f]6sL 68"jfsL !%jifL{of j;GtL yf¿nfO{ @)%* kmfu'g @& ut]7fs'/åf/f Aof/]saf6 njl;+x /fodfemLsf]g]t[Tjdf cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gsf] 6f]nLn]g]pnfk'/ uflj;–( uf]8fgfaf6 lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!%%_ gLnk|;fb of]uL yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!^ j}zfv %÷$@jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @% ut]36gf:yn M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–^,

alb{ofk]zf M :jf:YosdL, :yfgLo

:Jff:Yo rf}sL:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$ 8Nnfafa'sf] gfd M lzjbf; of]uL yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M pbf;L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M gLtf / dgf]qL of]uL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷ !hgf

ljj/0f ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$8Nnfsf $@jifL{ogLnk|;fb of]uL yf¿nfO{@)%* r}t @% ut]7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf]zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] 3/d} ;'lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf lu/km\tf/

u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. pgL ;f]xLuflj;sf] :jf:yo rf}sLdf :jf:Yo sfo{stf{sf]?kdf sfo/t lyP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j?k s'g} ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-!%^_ cho zfx -chLt_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ ;fn÷#@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @&36gf:yn M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–$,

alb{ofk]zf M /fhgLlt, :yfoL 7]ufgf M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–(

lub/k'/afa'sf] gfd M rqmaxfb'/ zfxcfdfsf] gfd M lji0ff zfxj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /Lgf zfx / lgd{nf of]uL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷ hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0f 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–(lub/k'/sf chLt elgg]#@ jifL{o cho zfxnfO{@)%* kmfu'g @& ut]7fs'/åf/f uflj;–$;'t}odfdf cjl:yteQmaxfb'/ a'9fsf] 3/df

285


;'lt/x]sf] cj:yfdf 7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf lyP. Psdlxgf;Dd 7fs'/åf/f Aof/]s / $% lbg afFs]sf]/femfdf /fv]/ lr;fkfgL Aof/]s k'¥ofOPsf] kLl8tkl/jf/n] atfP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k s'g};xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-!%&_ /fdbf; yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ ;fn÷ #$jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @^ 36gf:yn M g]pnfk'/ uflj;–&,

alb{ofk]zf M lghfdlt ;]jf, x'nfs

sfof{no e/LufFp:yfoL 7]ufgf M g]pnfk'/ uflj;–&

e'/LufFpafa'sf] gfd M kmfu'/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M uª\ufb}of yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;'udtL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!hgf

ljj/0f g]pnfk'/ uflj;–&e'/LufFp #$jifL{o /fdbf;yf¿nfO{@)%* r}t @^ut] 7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf]zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] x'nfs Onfsfsfof{nodf sfd ul//x]sf]cj:yfdf s'6lk6 ub}{

uf8Ldf xfn]/ nu]sf lyP. To;} lbgb]lv pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j?k s'g} ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-!%*_ wgaxfb'/ sfdLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M !((& df3 * ut]

^# jif{

lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !& ut]36gf:yn M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–#s}nf;L

6f]nk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–#s}nf;L

6f]nafa'sf] gfd M /3'jL/ sfdLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M elj;/f sfdL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M $÷ ) hgf

ljj/0f ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–# s}nf;L 6f]nsf ^# jifL{owgaxfb'/ sfdLnfO{ @)%( j}zfv !& ut] cfkm\g}3/df al;/x]sf a]nf 7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!%(_ z]/l;+x yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ c;f]h @%

@#jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ !%36gf:yn M augfxf uflj;–!,

alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M augfxf uflj;–!

zfxLk'/afa'sf] gfd M lbNnLaxfb'/ yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M km/f/L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ctf]gL{ yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷@hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0f augfxf uflj;–! zfxLk'/sf @# jifL{o z]/l;+x

286


yf¿nfO{@)%( c;f/ !%ut] cfkm\g} v]t hf]lt/x]sf]a]nf ;fbf kf]zfsdf7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf]zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/Luf8Ldf xfn]/ nu]b]lvpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!^)_ rGb| nfld5g]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( df3 !^÷ @)jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 # ut] 36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–# afFs]k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M augfxf uflj;–! zfxLk'/j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f augfxf uflj;–! zfxLk'/ lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ @)jifL{o rGb| nfld5g]nfO{@)%( h]7 # ut] sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#, afFs]l:Yftd]l8sn sn]hdf pkrf/ u/fpg cfPsf a]nfalb{ofsf] lr;fkfgL Aof/]saf6 cfPsf] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.ufpFsf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n]nfld5fg]nfO{ ;]gfn] afFs]sf afu]Zj/L If]qdf;]gfn] xTof ul/;s]sf] hfgsf/L lbPsf]kl/jf/hgn] atfP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!^!_ /fdbLg yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ ebf} !)÷#@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @*36gf:yn M augfxf uflj;–!, alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M augfxf uflj;–! zfxLk'/

afa'sf] gfd M lnvGbf; yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M t];sl/of yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M dg/fgL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷ @hgf

ljj/0f augfxf uflj;–!zfxLk'/sf #@jifL{o/fdbLg yf¿nfO{@)%*r}t @* ut] /flt cfkm\g}3/df ;'lt/x]sf] a]nf7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf]g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]Ps} l5g sfd 5 egL

pgnfO{ cfkm";Fu} nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k !nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!^@_ v'zL/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## ;fn÷@%jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @&36gf:yn M g]pnfk'/ uflj;–(, alb{ofk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M augfxf uflj;–^ tlsofafa'sf] gfd M dfgjL/ yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M gf];/L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M a'emf}gL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷) hgf

ljj/0f augfxf uflj;–^ tlsoflgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{@%jifL{o v'zL/fdyf¿nfO{@)%* kmfu'g@& ut] 7fs'/åf/faf6cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL

287


;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] g]pnfk'/ uflj;–( uf]bfgaf6lgoGq0fdf lnP/ rf/ lbg;Dd 7fs'/åf/fdf/fv]sf] lyof].pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!^#_ anaxfb'/ yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) ebf} & ut]÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @*36gf:yn M augfxf uflj;–& alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M augfxf uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M cGt/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M alGwof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M e';gL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@ hgf

ljj/0faugfxf uflj;–& sf !*jifL{o anaxfb'/yf¿nfO{@)%* r}t @*/flt 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]cj:yfdf 7fs'/åf/faf6cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] Ps}l5gdf kmsf{Olbg] eg]/

nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!^$_ wfd" yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& df3 !! ut]

@!jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @* ut]36gf:yn M augfxf uflj;–& alb{of k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M augfxf uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M /ljnfn yf¿

cfdfsf] gfd M af}/L yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kfg' yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷ ! hgf

ljj/0f augfxf uflj;–&sf@!jifL{o wfd"yf¿nfO{@)%* r}t @*ut] /flt7fs'/åf/faf6cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] Ps}l5gdf kmsf{Olbg] eg]/nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf

c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!^%_ bLkaxfb'/ rGbhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( kmfu'g !!

@)jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !)36gf:yn M du/fu9L uflj;–*k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M augfxf uflj;–&

v}nf/afa'sf] gfd M wgaxfb'/ rGbcfdfsf] gfd M wg;/f rGbj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M rGb|f rGb5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0f augfxf uflj;–&v}nf/sf @)jifL{obLkaxfb'/ rGbnfO{@)%( j}zfv !) ut]du/fu9L uflj;–*/Ddfk'/df /x]sf zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfsf]

288


r]skf]:6af6 lu/km\tf/ u/L Aof/]sdf /fv]sf]lyof[. pgnfO{ !# lbg;Dd /Ddfk'/ Aof/]sdf/fv]/ a]kQf kfl/Psf] kLl8t kl/jf/n] atfP.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!^^_ xl/k|;fb yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% df3 !) ut]

@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) j}zfv ^ 36gf:yn M augfxf uflj;–*k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M augfxf uflj;–@ afa'sf] gfd M ;'s}of yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M a'lbof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M km"n/fgL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷#hgf

ljj/0f augfxf uflj;–@ab{ufxfsf @% jifL{oxl/k|;fb yf¿@)^)j}zfv ^ ut] ;f]xLuflj;–* ;}gfjf/df/x]sf] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn]k|xf/ u/]sf] uf]nL nfu]/3fOt] ePkl5 pgnfO{

lgoGq0fdf lnP/ 7fs'/åf/f l:yt ;]gfsf] Aof/]dfnuL a]kQf kfl/of]. pgL ;z:q k|x/Ldf sfo{/tcfkm\gf efO k|]dnfn yf¿nfO{ labf ug{/fhdfu{tkm{ uO/x]sf lyP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!^&_ s'df/L c;/fgL yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ ebf}@) ut]÷@! jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h !$36gf:yn M g]pnfk'/ uflj;–%

k]zf M /fhgLlt , g]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{

:yfoL 7]ufgf M augfxf uflj;–@, ab{ufxfafa'sf] gfd M /fde/f];] yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M dxljl/of yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f augfxf uflj;–@,ab{ufxfsf g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ @!jifL{o s'df/L c;/fgLyf¿nfO{@)%( c;f]h!$ ut] zfxL g]knL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] g]pnfk'/uflj;–@ k]/xgLfdf

lu/km\tf/ u/L 7fs'/åf/f ;}lgs SofDkdf nu]sf]lyof]. pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!^*_ df;'/ yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* j}zfv !@÷@)jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* df3 ( ut]36gf:yn M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;:yfoL 7]ufgf M augfxf uflj;–* afx'gk'/afa'sf] gfd M nf}6/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M kf}/L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f augfxf uflj;–*afx'gk'/sf @)jif{ df;'/yf¿nfO{ @)%* df3 (ut] ;"o{k6'jf uflj;af6zfxL g]kfnL ;]gn]lu/km\tf/ u/L Ps /ft7fs'/åf/f l:yt Aof/]sdf/fvL ef]lnkN6 lhNnf

sf/fuf/ u'nl/of rnfg u/]sf] lyof]. lhNnf

289


sf/fuf/df tLg dlxgf;Dd /fVbf kl/jf/sf;b:on] k6s k6s e]63f6 u/]sf lyP. ToxLFaf6pgnfO{ a]kQf kfl/Psf] lyof]. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!^(_ sd{nfn yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@) ebf} !)÷ #$jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%$ r}t 36gf:yn M wwjf/ uflj;–$ alb{ofk]zf M /fhgLlt g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M wwjf/ uflj;–$ afa'sf] gfd M /fdbf; yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M u'8dxL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f wwjf/ uflj;–$ sf#$jifL{o sd{nfnyf¿nfO{ @)%$ r}twwjf/ uflj;–$j}bLahf/af6 /Ddfk'/af6cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/u/L cfkm};Fu} nu]sf]df

pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5..kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!&)_ gGbaxfb'/ ;'gf/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) c;f/÷ #)jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ !^36gf:yn M df]ltk'/ uflj;–* alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M hd'gL uflj;–& 8fkm]afa'sf] gfd M 5ljnfn ;'gf/cfdfsf] gfd M dlg;/f ;'gf/j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M t'n;f ;'gf/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷! hgf

ljj/0f hd'gL uflj;–& 8fkmsf]#)jifL{o gGbaxfb'/;'gf/nfO{@)^) dª\l;/!^ ut] df]ltk'/ uflj;–*l:yt af;u9L ahf/af6zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] lu/km\t/f u/Llr;fkfgL Aof/]stkm{

nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!&!_ hutaxfb'/ e08f/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% ;fn h]7 !& ut]

@$jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @^ ut]36gf:yn M g]pnfk'/ ulfj;–# alb{ofk]zf M lzIf0f, sd{nf ljBfno:yfoL 7]ufgf M lzjk'/ uflj;–@ df]ltk'/afa'sf] gfd M z]/axfb'/ e08f/Lcfdfsf] gfd M a]nfb]jL e08f/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f lzjk'/ uflj;–@df]ltk'/sf @$ jifL{ohutaxfb'/ e08f/LnfO{@)%* r}t @^ ut]g]pnfk'/ ulfj;–#sd{nfdf /x]sf]ljBfnodf k9fO/x]sf]a]nf 7fs'/åf/f uflj;df

/x]sf] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

290


-!&@_ a'l4dfof ;fksf]6fhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! ;fn÷ !& jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%* c;f/ @* ut]36gf:yn M l6l6lxl/of uflj;, afFs] k]zf M /fhgLlt g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{ :yfoL 7]ufgf M ;f}/xjf uflj;–@ hª\ulnofafa'sf] gfd M 3gZofd ;fksf]6fcfdfsf] gfd M lxs'/f ;fksf]6fj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f ;f}/xjf uflj;–@ hª\ulnof lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ !& jifL{of a'l4dfof;fksf]6fnfO{ @)%* c;f/ @* ut] l6l6lxl/ofuflj; afFs]af6 pkrf/ u/fpg nlu/x]sf]cj:yfdf zfxL g]kfnL= ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!&#_ s[i0fk|;fb yf?hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!(÷#^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% r}t @# ut]36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf g]kfnu~h

gkfk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf dxdbk'/

uflj;–(, lalqmafa'sf] gfd M b]j' yf?j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M u'Gof/L yf?5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fdxdbk'/ uflj;–(, lalqmsf #^ jifL{o s[i0fk|;fbyf?nfO{ @)%% r}t @# ut] afFs] lhNnfsf]

g]kfn~hdf /fhgLltsultljwL ul//x]sf]cj:yfdf k|x/Ln]lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]sf]dfcf]jfbLn] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ hfgsf/LlbP. pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5.lhNnf

k|zf;g sfof{no alb{ofn] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!&$_ cfgGb kl/of/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ ;fpg !%÷ @& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; !$ 36gf:yn M a]njf uflj;–&k]zf M /fhgLlt g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M a]njf uflj;–& a]txgLafa'sf] gfd M k/jL/ bdfO{cfdfsf] gfd M /fwf bdfO{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;jLtf kl/of/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!hgf

ljj/0f a]njf uflj;–&a]txgLsf @& jifL{ocfgGb kl/of/nfO{@)%( k'; !$ ut]cfkm\g} 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]a]nf lr;fkfgLaf6cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/

u/]sf] lyof]. pgL;lxt To; lbg !( hgfnfO{lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df rf/ hgf afx]s ;a}nfO{ l/xful/Psf] lyof]. cfgGbsf] af/]df ;f]wk'5 ug{ hfFbfl/xf ul/Psf] hgfOPsf] lyof]. pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. ?s'ddf d'2f k/]sfn] To;}ljifodf ;f]wk'5 ug{ egL pgsf] ckx/0f ul/Psf]lyof].

291


-!&%_ ;h"{ yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@( ;fn÷@( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; !$36gf:yn M a]njf uflj;–& alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M a]njf uflj;– & a]txgLafa'sf] gfd M sGx} yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M xªUof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ef]lhof yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @ ÷!

ljj/0f a]njf uflj;– &a]txgLsf @( jifL{o ;h"{yf¿nfO{@)%* k'; !$ut] /flt cfkm\g} 3/df;'lt/x]sf a]nflr;fkfgLaf6 cfPsf]zfxL g]kfnL ;]gsf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df

pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!&^_ kQf yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& ;fn df3÷@!jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; !$36gf:yn M a]njf uflj;–&k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M a]njf uflj;–& a]txgLafa'sf] gfd M eug yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M atl;of yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fa]njf uflj;–& a]txgLsf @!jifL{o kQf yf¿

@)%* k'; !$ ut] /flt ;'lt/x]sf] a]nf lr;fkfgLAof/]saf6 cfPsf] zfxL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/

u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. pQmufpFaf6 To; /ft !(hgfnfO{ lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df !% hgfnfO{l/xf ul/Psf] lyof].kQf;Fu} lu/km\tf/ ePsfsfn'/fd yf?n] kQfnfO{

lr;fkfgL Aof/]sdf /fv]sf] atfPsf lyP.kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!&&_ lzj/fh yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) j}zfv * ÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @! 36gf:yn M g]pnfk'/ uflj;–$k]zf M /fhgLlt g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M lzjk'/ uflj;–* a7gk'/afa'sf] gfd M 6Lsfnfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M t]hdfgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f lzjk'/ uflj;–*a7gk'/sf g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ !*jifL{o lzj/fh yf¿nfO{@)%* r}t @! ut]7fs'/åf/f uflj;df /x]sf]zfxL g]kfnL ;]gsf]Aof/]saf6 cfPsf] 6f]nLn]

g]pnfk'/ uflj;–$ /fgLk'/df lu/km\tf/ u/Luf8Ldf xfn]/ nu]sf lyP.To;kl5 pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5.a/v bn u'Ndsf ;}lgsn] pgnfO{nu]sf] pgsf kl/jf/sf] egfO 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

292


-!&*_ nId0f yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ k'; ( ut]

@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @$ ut]36gf:yn M lzjk'/ uflj;–( alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M lzjk'/ uflj;–( e8]nLafa'sf] gfd M wgL/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M ;]tL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M nf}6L yf¿ 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷! hgf

ljj/0f lzjk'/ uflj;–( e8]nL]sf @$ jifL{o nId0fyf¿nfO{@)%* kmfu'g @$ ut] 7fs'/åf/fuflj;df /x]sf] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Aof/]saf6cfPsf] 6f]nLn] 3/af6} lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5 .@)%* r}t @^ ut];DdpgnfO{ 7fs'/åf/f Aof/]sdf /flvPsf] d]h/njl;+x /fodfemLn] atfPsf] kl/jf/sf] egfO5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k !nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!&(_ xl/axfb'/ yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) ;fn÷@)jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) k''; @#36gf:yn M g]kfnu~h gu/kflnsf

–$,afFs]k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M wwjf/ uflj;–* a]nef/afa'sf] gfd M ?knfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M dgs'df/L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f wwjf/ uflj;–* a]nef/sf @) jifL{o xl/axfb'/yf¿nfO{ @)^) k''; @# ut] g]kfnu~h gkf–$

lqe'jgrf]saf6 zfxLg]kfnL ;]gsf] 6f]nLn]lgoGq0fdf lnP/ /femfF;}lgs kf]:6df nu]/ /fvLdf3 @& ut] lr;fkfgLAof/]sdf nluPsf]kl/jf/hgn] atfP.dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{

yf¿sf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!*)_ /fhgs'df/ rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) df3 $÷ !*jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; % ut]36gf:yn M du/fu8L uflj;–#k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M wwjf/ uflj;–*afa'sf] gfd M v'zL/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M kmsnL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f wwjf/ uflj;–*g]skfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{!*jifL{o /fhgs'df/rf}w/LnfO{ @)%* k'; %ut]] du/fu8L uflj;–#df af6f]df lxl8/x]sf]cj:yfdf /Ddfk'/ /lr;fkfgLf6 cfPsf] zfxL

g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] lyof].pgL;Fu} lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf du/fu8L–#sf /d]zyf?n] l/xf ePkl5 hgfP cg';f/ /fhgs'df/nfO{lr;fkfgL Aof/]sdf !) lbg;Dd /fv]sf] lyof]./fhgsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

293


-!*!_ hLtaxfb'/ yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ sflQs @)

!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) kmfu'g !%36gf:yn M lzjk'/ uflj;–*k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M g]pnfk'/ uflj;–# sd{nfafa'sf] gfd M ;fw'/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M ?kgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M dfof yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷) hgf

ljj/0fg]pnfk'/ uflj;–#sd{nfsf !* jifL{ohLtaxfb'/ yf¿nfO{@)^) kmfu'g !% ut]7fs'/åf/faf6 cfPsf]zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] lzjk'/ uflj;–*df]xgk'/af6 lgoGq0fd

lnP/ cfkm";Fu} lnP/ uPsf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!*@_ e'vnfn yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## ;fn÷ @^jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !^ 36gf:yn M du/fu9L uflj;–*k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ uflj;–&

bdf}nLafa'sf] gfd M hut/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M kGof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M!^

ljj/0f df]ltk'/ uflj;–&bdf}nLsf @^jifL{oe'vnfn yf¿nfO{@)%(ebf} !^ du/fu9Luflj;–* /Ddfk'/af6zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/Luf8Ldf xfn]/ nu]sf

lyP. pgL cfkm\gf] 3/af6 /f]huf/Lsf nfluef/ttkm{ hfg nflu/x]sf lyP. pgL;Fu} lu/km\tf/ul/Psf t]ªg' yf¿ Ps dlxgfkl5 l/xf eP.pgsf cg';f/ Aof/]sdf k'¥ofOPsf] rf/ lbgkl5e'vnfnnfO{ aflx/ lgsflnPsf] lyof]. e'vnfnsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!*#_ a'l4/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* df3 ^÷@!jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !^ 36gf:yn M du/fu9L uflj;–* alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ uflj;–& bdf}nLafa'sf] gfd M nxfg" yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M ?GrL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f df]ltk'/ uflj;–&bdf}nLsf @!jifL{oa'l4/fd yf¿nfO{@)%(ebf} !^ ut] du/fu9Luflj;–* /Ddfk'/df/x]sf] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/u/]/ Aof/]sleq nu]sf]df

pgs]f cj:yf c1ft 5. pgL /f]huf/Lsf nfluef/ttkm{ hfg nfUbf lu/km\tf/ ePsf lyP.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

294


-!*$_ nf}6g yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% df3 !)÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs $36gf:yn M gofufpF uflj;–! k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M gofFufpF uflj;–! gofufpFafa'sf] gfd M 7fs'//fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M n/fOgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M hjdl0f yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@

ljj/0f gofFufpF uflj;–!gofufpFsf @$ jifL{onf}6g yf¿nfO{@)%(sflQs $ ut] wfgsfl6/x]sf] cj:yfdfzfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] s]xL a]/lgoGq0fdf lnP/ k'g !)

ah]lt/ lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!*%_ afa'/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ ebf} *÷ @& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h !^36gf:yn M df]ltk'/ uflj;–%k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ uflj;–% dbfxfafa'sf] gfd M k|;fb yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M /TgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M zf]ef/fgL yf¿cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0f df]ltk'/ uflj;–% dbfxfsf @& jifL{o afa'/fd

yf¿nfO{ @)%( c;f]h!^ /Ddfk'/af6 cfPsf]zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] 3/af6} lu/km\tf/u/]sf] lyof]. pgL;Fu}lu/km\tf/ ePsf kfFrlbgkl5 tf/]vdf l/xfePsf 7Uuf yf¿n] cfkm"

tf/]v lng hfFbf sk8f / vfg NofOlbgsf nflukl/jf/nfO{ va/ ul/lbg eg]sf lyP.afa'/fdsfkl/jf/nfO{ eg] e]63f6 ug{ lbOPg. afa'/fdsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!*^_ s[i0f rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ ebf} !)÷ @# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !) 36gf:yn M l6l6lxl/of uflj;, afFs]k]zf M /fhgLlt g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ uflj;–& ;tl/ofafa'sf] gfd M uf]kfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M km"lbof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f df]ltk'/ uflj;–&;tl/ofsf @# jifL{os[i0f rf}w/LnfO{ @)%(j}zfv !) ut] afFs]lhNnfsf] l6l6lxl/ofuflj;–& yk'jf ufpFaf6zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/

u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. pgL;Fu}lu/km\tf/ ePsf sf]xnk'/sf Ps JolQmsf cg';f/s[i0fnfO{ kfFr lbg;Dd lr;fkfgL Aof/]sdf/flvPsf] lyof].kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k s'g} ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g .

295


-!*&_ uLtf yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@& dª\l;/ @)

#@jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !( ut]36gf:yn M df]ltk'/ uflj;–& alb{ofk]zf M /fhgLlt g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ uflj;–&

ct3?jfafa'sf] gfd M wgL/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M t'n;L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M e'jg yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ! ÷! hgf

ljj/0f df]ltk'/ uflj;–&ct3?jf lgjf;Ldfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{#@jifL{of uLtfyf¿nfO{@)%( ebf} !(ut] df]ltk'/ uflj;–&bdf}nL df upFs} PsJolQmsf] 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]

a]nf /Ddfk'/af6 zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] 3/3]/f xfn]/ lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!**_ sfnLk|;fb yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$% k'';÷ !# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* dª\l;/ % ut]36gf:yn M du/fu8L uflj;–# alb{ofk]zf M /fhgLlt , g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M algofef/ uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M /fdls;'g yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M /fdklt yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f algofef/ uflj;–& sf !# jifL{o sfnLk|;fbyf¿nfO{@)%* dª\l;/ % ut] M du/fu8Luflj;–# hAbxjfdf af6f]df lxl8/x]sf] cj:yfdf/Ddfk'/af6 cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k s'g} ;xof]upknAw u/fPsf] 5}g .

-!*(_ hgs yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( h]7 %÷ @) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; % 36gf:yn M du/fu8L uflj;–# k]zf M /fhgLlt g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M algofef/ uflj;–% afa'sf] gfd M v'zL/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M r'HdfgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f algofef/ uflj;–% sfg]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{hgs yf¿nfO{ @)%(k'; % ut] /Ddfk'/af6u:tLdf cfPsf] zfxLg]kfnL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]du/fu8L uflj;–#hAbxjfaf6 pgL;lxt

kfFr hgf dfcf]jfbL sfostf{nfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/Llr;fkfgL Aof/]s nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k !nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!()_ /fds/0f rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# ;fpg & ÷#^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; @)36gf:yn M eLDdfk'/ uflj;–&k]zf M s[lif

296


:yfoL 7]ufgf M eLDdfk'/ uflj;–& a]nf;fafa'sf] gfd M bf]/] yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M r]lrof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M nf}6L yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@

ljj/0feLDdfk'/ uflj;–&a]nf;fsf #^ jifL{o/fds/0f rf}w/LnfO{@)%( k'; @) zfxLg]knL ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]

/fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .

-!(!_ g]kfnL rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$# ebf} !) ÷!& jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; @)36gf:yn M dfgk'/ 6k/f ulj;–!k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M eLDdfk'/ ulj;–&afa'sf] gfd M hUu" yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M h;L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f eLDdfk'/ ulj;–& sL !%jifL{of g]kfnLrf}w/LnfO{@)^) k'; @)ut] /flt pgs} 3/af66k/f c:yfoL SofDkaf6cfPsf] zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf

c1ft 5.kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .

-!(@_ k|]daxfb'/ yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* ;fn÷ @@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) r}t $ ut]36gf:yn M 8]p9snf uflj;–( k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M 8]p9snf uflj;–(

ssf}/fafa'sf] gfd M af]6gf yf¿ cfdfsf] gfd M bzgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M k|]ds'df/L yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷ !hgf

ljj/0f 8]p9snf uflj;–(ssf}/fsf @@ jifL{ok|]daxfb'/ yf¿nfO{@)^)r}t $ ut] 3/af6}dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n]ckx/0f u/L a]kQf kf/].kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k

s'g} ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g .

-!(#_ hfgsL yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* sflQs !÷ @! jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !)36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#k]zf M /fhgLlt g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M dxDdbk'/ uflj;–* lasLafa'sf] gfd M s[i0fk|;fb yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M u'NofgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M nIdLgf/fo0f zdf{

ljj/0f dxDdbk'/ uflj;–* lasLsL dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{@! jifL{of hfgsL yf¿nfO{ @)%( j}zfv !) ut]

297


lr;fkfgLaf6 cfPsfzfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]6f]nLn] afs]sf] sf]xnk'/c:ktfn kl/;/af6lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. pgLsf]xnk'/l:yt d]l8snsn]hdf pkrf/ u/fpg

cfPsL lyOg\.kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k !nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .

-!($_ aln/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* df3 $÷ @!jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 $ ut]36gf:yn M dxDdbk'/ ulj;–^k]zf M s[lif, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M dxDdbk'/ uflj;–* e};fxLafa'sf] gfd M km66" yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M wg:of yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f dxDdbk'/ uflj;–*e};fxLsf @!jifL{oaln/fd yf¿nfO{ @)%(h]7 $ ut] ;f]xL uflj;–^b"wfdf wfg s'6fpguPsf a]nf lhNnf k|x/Lsfof{noaf6 cfPsf];+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{sf]

6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/L uf8Ldf xfn]/ lhNnf k|x/Lsfof{no nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft5.kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5 .

-!(%_ k|]dnfn yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) c;f/ !#÷ !( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !@

36gf:yn M dxDdbk'/ uflj;–*k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M dxDdbk'/ uflj;–*afa'sf] gfd M /xdfg yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M kx/L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fdxDdbk'/ uflj;–*sf!( jifL{o k|]dnfnyf¿nfO{@)%( j}zfv!@ ut] v]tdf sfdul//x]sf a]nf ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{sf] 6f]nLn]wfgv]tdf d';f dfg{vlg/x]sf] a]nf lu/km\tf/

u/L cfkm};Fu nu]sf lyP. ef]lnkN6 k|]dnfn;lxts]xL JolQm dfl/Psf] ;dfrf/ ;'g] klg xTofsf]k'li6 x'g' kg]{ kl/jf/sf] egfO /x]sf] 5.kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5 .

g]kfn k|x/Laf6

-!(^_ sfnL/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$# df3 ! ut]÷!^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !@ ut]36gf:yn M dxDdbk'/ uflj;k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M dxDdbk'/ uflj;–* e};fxLafa'sf] gfd M wgL/fd yf?cfdfsf] gfd M dGt'l/of yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f dxDdbk'/ uflj;–* e};fxLsf !^ jif{ sfnL/fdyf¿nfO{ @)%( j}zfv !@ ut] ;fFem pgL;Fu}cGo s]xL JolQm;Fu} k|x/Lsf] uf8Ldf /fv]/ lhNnfk|x/L sfof{nosf] uf8Ldf nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf

298


c1ft 5. ef]lnkN6laxfg /]l8of] g]kfnn]pgL u'n]l/ofgu/kflnsfdf ePsf]le8Gtdf dfl/Psf];dfrf/ k|;f/0f u/]sf]lyof]. tTsfnLg cj:yfdfd fgjc lwsf/sd L {s f ]

cg'udgn] yf?sf] xTof ePsf] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf]n]OG;]ssf k|sfzgdf ;'/IffsdL{n] sfnL/fdsf]xTof u/L nf; cfkm};Fu lnP/ uPsf] pNn]vePsf] 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!(&_ lqe'jg lu/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ h]7 !( ut]

@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; @ ut] 36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf, sf]xnk'/

uflj;–#, lkkn rf}tf/fk]zf M ljBfyL{, cg]/f:jljo'

qmflGtsf/L lhNnf ;b:o:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf, df]tLk'/

uflj;–*, afF;u9Lafa'sf] gfd M nId0f lu/Lcfdfsf] gfd M kzfb]jL lu/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kfj{tL lu/L

ljj/0fdf]tLk'/ uflj;–*,afF;u9L @@ jifL{o lqe'jglu/LnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf @)%* k'; @ut] laxfg & ah] Onfsfk|x/L sfof{no,sf]xnk'/sf k|x/Ln]sf]xnk'/ uflj;–#,

lkknrf}tf/faf6 lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf u/].lu/LnfO{ lu/km\tf/LkZrft\ @)%( j}zfv !(

ut];Dd alb{of lhNnf sf/fuf/df /flvPsf] lyof].lqe'jg;lxt cGo ( hgf JolQmnfO{ @)%(j}zfv !( ut] alb{of lhNnf sf/fuf/af6 ;]gfn]a'em]/ nu]kl5 pgL a]kQf eP. kLl8t kIf36gfsf af/]df @)%( j}zfv @) ut] alb{ofsf/fuf/df /x]sf tTsfnLg h]n/nfO{ e]6L ;f]WbfpgL sf/fuf/af6 d'Qm ePsf] atfOof]. o;cl3nId0f lu/Ln] alb{of sf/fuf/df uO{ k6sk6se]6]sf lyP. alb{of sf/fuf/df lqe'jgsf cfdf /a'jfn] @)%( j}zfv !% ut] e]]6]sf lyP.36gfkl5 pgsf] kl/jf/ alb{of df]tLk'/ uflj;–*afF;u9L a:g] o; kl/jf/ 36gfkl5 afFs] lhNnfags6'jf uflj;–& jgs6'jfdf lj:yflkt eO{xfn k'/fg} :yfgdf kms{]sf] 5.

-!(*_ zfs'/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))^÷%) jif{36gf ldlt M @)%^ dª\l;/ ^ ut]36gf:yn M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–&,

v';nk6'jf,alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–&,

v';nk6'jfafa'sf] gfd M h'u/fd yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M k'lgof yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷%cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0f 7fs'/åf/f uflj;–&,v';nk6'jfsf %) jifL{ozfs'/fd yf¿nfO{ @)%^dª\l;/ ^ ut] k|x/Lsfof{no e'l/ufpFsf6cfPsf] %) hgf hlt/x]sf] k|x/L 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf

kf/]sf lyP. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ s'g} Ifltk"lt{pknAw u/fOPsf] 5}g.

299


-!((_ nl5dg yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@% dª\l;/ !^ ut]

## jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* df3 !@ ut]36gf:yn M af;Fu9L, alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ uflj;–%dbfxfafa'sf] gfd M kFr/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M 7luof yf¿ j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M d]g/fgL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@

ljj/0f df]ltk'/ uflj;–%dbfxfsf ## jifLonl5dg yf¿nfO @)%*df3 !@ ut] af;Fu9Lahf/df sfd ug{ hfFbfOnfsf k|x/L sfof{nosf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]lyof].kfFr lbg;Dd TofxfF

/fv]/ pgnfO{ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no u'nl/ofnluof]. lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf vfgf / sk8fk'¥ofpg hfFbf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?n] nl5dg;Fue]6 ePsf] lyof]. k|x/Ln] j}zfv @) ut]nl5dgnfO l/xf u/]sf] atfP klg pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] s'g} /fxtpknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-@))_ t'n;L/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& c;f]h @* ut]

@! jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* df3 !) ut]36gf:yn M af;Fu9L, alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf df]ltk'/

uflj;– % dbfxfafa'sf] gfd M g]kfnL yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M uf]xgL yf¿

j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M cgLtf yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0fdf]ltk'/ uflj;– % dbfxfsf @! jifL{o t'n;L/fdyf¿nfO{ @)%* df3 !) ut] af;Fu9L ahf/dfsfd ug{ hfFbf Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nosf] 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/]sf] lyof].kfFr lbg;Dd TofxfF /fv]/pgnfO{ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no u'nl/of nluof].pgL;Fu pgsf kl/jf/n] @)%( j}zfvsf] klxnf]xKtf ToxfF e]6 klg u/]sf lyP.pgL;Fu} lu/km\tf/ePsf ;fw' elgg] dª\un yf¿ l/xf eP eg] cGotLghgfnfO /flt k|x/L sfof{noaf6 aflx/ lgsfn]kl5 lkmtf{ gNofPsf] pgn] atfP. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] s'g} /fxt pknAw u/fPsf]5}g.

-@)!_ b/af/L yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ ;fn k'; !) ut]

@$ jif{36gf ldlt M @)%* df3 !@ ut]36gf:yn M af;Fu9L, alb{oflnª\u M k'?if:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf

df]ltk'/ uflj;–% dbfxfafa'sf] gfd M Kof/] yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M a'wlgof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt jf kTgLsf] gfd M /fdKof/L yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷#

ljj/0fdf]ltk'/ uflj;–%dbfxfsf @$ jifL{ob/af/L yf¿nfO{ @)%*df3 !@ ut] af;Fu9Lahf/df sfd ug{ hfFbfOnfsf k|x/L sfof{nosf]6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]

300


lyof]. kfFr lbg;Dd TofxfF /fv]/ pgnfO{ lhNnfk|x/L sfof{no u'nl/of nluof]. TofxfF @)lbg;Dd /fv]/ pgnfO a]kQf kfl/of]. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] s'g} /fxt pknAw u/fPsf]5}g.

-@)@_ ;Ltf hfgsL yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@! j}zfv !

#* jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%* c;f]h !^ 36gf:yn M 9f]9/L uflj;–& alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;–@

dx'jfcfdfsf] gfd M 5'lgof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M nIdLgf/fo0f yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷ !hgf

ljj/0f dfgk'/ 6k/f uflj;–@dx'jf #* jifL{o ;LtfhfgsL yf¿nfO{ @)%*c;f]h !^ ut] g]kfnu~hhfg nfUbf 9f]9/L rf]sdfk|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/Lrf/ lbg;Dd u'nl/oflhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf

/fv]kZrft\ pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@)#_ j]bk|;fb of]uL hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!# ebf} !*÷$@jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% ebf} * ut]36gf:yn M lzjk'/ uflj;–*, alb{ofk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$ 8Nnfafa'sf] gfd M sfnL/fd yf¿ of]uL

cfdfsf] gfd M Zofds'df/L yf¿ of]uLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M levgL yf¿ of]uL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷ @ hgf

ljj/0f ;"o{k6'jf uflj;–$ 8Nnfsf$@jif{ j]bk|;fb

of]uLnfO{ @)%% ebf} *ut] g]pnfk'/ uflj;df/x]sf] Onfsf k|x/Lsfo{fno e'l/ufpFaf6uf]kfn s];Lsf] g]t[TjdfcfPsf] k|x/L] 6f]nLn]lzjk'/ uflj;–#lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]sf]

lyof]@)%% ebf} !) ut] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt afFs]dfkLl8t kl/jf/n] aGbL k|ToIfLs/0f d'2f bfo/u/]sf]df k|x/Ln] b / t zAb gldn]sf] eGb}j]bk|;fbnfO{ lu/km\tf/ gu/]sf] hgfPsf] lyof].kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@)$_ lzjk|;fb yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* ;fpg !! ÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !@36gf:yn M dxdbk'/ uflj;–*, alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M dxdbk'/ uflj;–$ e};fxLafa'sf] gfd M uf]x/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M 7UgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f dxdbk'/ uflj;–$e};fxLsf @! jifL{olzjk|;fb yf¿nfO{@)%(j}zfv !@ dxdbk'/uflj;–* af6 k|x/Ln]lu/km\tf/ u/]s]fdf pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. j}zfv

301


!^ ut] cfkm\gf 5f]/fsf] vf]hL ug{ uPsf u]fx/fdyf¿nfO{ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{non] 5f]/f TofxfFePsf] t/ e]6g gkfpg] atfP/ kmsf{Psf] lyof].kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@)%_ bz/fd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) sflQs # ut]

!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* dª\l;/ !^36gf:yn M df]ltk'/ uflj;–*, alb{ofk]zf M /fhgLlt ,g]skf dfcf]jfbL

;]gf:yfoL 7]ufgf M df]ltk'/ uflj;–* afa'sf] gfd M sg} yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M 6Llsof yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fdf]ltk'/ uflj;–* lgjf;Lg]skf dfcf]jfbL ;]gf !*jifL{o bz/fdyf¿nfO{@)%* dª\l;/!^ ut] k|x/Lsf] Ps6f]nLn] df]ltk'/ uflj;–*af;u9Laf6 lu/km\tf/u/L lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no

u'nl/of nu]sf lyP. pgsf kl/jf/sf ;b:on]@)%( k'; & ut] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf e]6u/]sf lyP.To;kl5 pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@)^_ ;'/]z jnLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* j}zfv %÷#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; &36gf:yn M g]pnfk'/ uflj;–% alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M algofef/ uflj;–!

/fhLk'/

afa'sf] gfd M kbdaxfb'/ jnLcfdfsf] gfd M xl/dfof jnLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M b]jL;/f jnL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷#hgf

ljj/0f algofef/ uflj;–!/fhLk'/sf #! jifL{o;'/]z jnLnfO{ @)%( k';& ut] g]pnfk'/ uflj;–%sf] e'l/ufpFdf lsgd]nug{ uPsf] a]nf Onfsfk|x/L sfof{nog]pnfk'/af6 k|x/L

lg/LIffs odaxfb'/ u}/]sf] g]t[Tjdf cfPsf] k|x/L6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/L lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no nUof]. pgL;Fu} lu/km\tf/ ul/Psf pgsf afa' kbdjnLnfO{ k'; !! ut] l/xf ul/Psf] lyof]. ;'/]z;FuclGtd k6s lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodfkl/jf/hgn] e]6 u/]sf lyP. k|x/Ln] ;'/]z efUg]qmddf k|x/Ln] xfg]sf] uf]nL nfu]/ dfl/Psf] hgfPklg nf;sf] af/]df s]xL atfPg. Toltv]/ lhNnfk|x/L sfof{no alb{ofdf P;kL /ljk|tfk /f0ff,l8P;kL /0faxfb'/ uf}td / k|x/L lg/Lifs s]bf/sf]O/fnf lgo'Qm lyP.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@)&_ lzjr/0f yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ ;fn÷ #$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* dª\l;/ @&36gf:yn M df]ltk'/ uflj;–* k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;f]/xjf uflj;–@

hultofafa'sf] gfd M nIfL/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M 7UgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M dª\utL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷ ! hgf

302


ljj/0f ;f]/xjf uflj;–@ hul-tofsf #$ jifL{olzjr/0f yf¿@)%*dª\l;/ @& ut] df]ltk'/Onfsf k|x/L rf}sLaf6cfPsf] k|x/L 6f]nLn]df]ltk'/ uflj;–*afF;u9L ahf/af6

lu/km\tf/ u/L tLg lbg;Dd Onfsf k|x/Lsfof{nodf /fVof]. To;kl5 hultof ufpF NofP/3'dfPkl5 tLg lbg;Dd d}gfkf]v/ Onfsf k|x/Ldf/fv]sf] lyof]. To;kl5 () lbg;Dd lhNNf k|x/Lsfof{no u'nl/ofdf /fv]sf] lyof].@)%( j}zfv!^ ut] kl/jf/hgn] pgL;Fu lhNnf k|x/Lsfof{nodf e]6 u/]sf lyP t/ j}zfv @! ut] e]6ug{ lbPgg\.lzjr/0fsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k !nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@)*_ /f]Ogf yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! sflQs ÷@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* k'; !$ ut]36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/ uflj;–# afFs]k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M a]njf uflj;–& a]txgLafa'sf] gfd M eug yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M atfl;of yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f a]njf uflj;–&a]txgLsf @& jifL{o/f]Ogf yf¿nfO{@)%* k';!$ ut] afFs] lhNnfsf]sf]xnk'/ uflj;–# dfdhb"/L ul//x]sf] a]nfOnfsf k|x/L sfof{noaf6cfPsf] 6f]nLn] k|x/L

rf}sLdf nu]/ /fv]sf] lyof].To;} lbg pgsf]

3/af6 /f]Ogfsf efOnfO{ klg zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]sf] lyof]. b'j}bfh' efOsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ! nfv ?lkofF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6

-@)(_ cgLtf ljshGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@÷!( jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^! sflQs % ut]36gf:yn M alb{of lhNnf tf/ftfn

uflj;–%k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M alb{of lhNnf

tf/ftfn uflj;–%j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /fh' ljs5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M (

ljj/0ftf/ftfn uflj;–% sL!( jifL{of cgLtfljsnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf]gfddf rGbf ;+sngu/]sf] cf/f]kdfcg';Gwfg u/L kmsf{lbg]egL @)^! sflQs %ut] 3/}af6 ckx/0f u/].

pgsf $ dlxg] gfafns 5f]/fnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn]pgsf] ;f;'sf] lhDdf nufO nu]sf lyP.dfcf]jfbLn] pgnfO{ d[To'b08 lbg] lg0f{o u/Ldfl/Psf] hfgsf/L lbPklg xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5.

-@!)_ nfnaxfb'/ yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@& ;fn÷%@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ !# ut]36gf:yn M 9f]9/L uflj;–#, alb{of

303


k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M 9f]9/L uflj;–#, alb{ofafa'sf] gfd M cufg" yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M ef]h;gL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M bzgL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷@

ljj/0f 9f]9/L uflj;–#sf %@ jifL{o nfnaxfb'/yf¿nfO{@)%( c;f/ !# ut] /flt 3/d}al;/x]sf] a]nf dfcf]jfbLsf] Ps ;d"xn] lnP/uPsf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/sfcg';f/ nfnaxfb'/nfO{ kbgfxf uflj;;Ddk'¥ofOPsf] hfgsf/L pgLx?n] kfPsf lyP. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j¿k s'g} ;xof]upknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-@!!_ sGx}of yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* ebf} * ut]

@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)^) ;fpg @* ut]36gf:yn M kbgfxf uflj;–# alb{ofk]zf M /fhgLlt g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfostf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M augfxf uflj;–^ tlsofafa'sf] gfd M km"n/fd yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M nf}6L yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M OGb|f0fL yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!hgf

ljj/0faugfxf uflj;–^ tlsof]6f]n lgjf;L g]skfdfcf]jfbLsf sfostf{ @@jifL{o sGx}of yf¿nfO{kf6L{;Fu u2f/L u/]sf]cf/f]kdf dfcf]jfbLsftTsfnLg OGrfh{

/fdaxfb'/ yf¿n] @)^) ;fpg @* ut] kbgfxfuflj;–# af6 ckx/0f u/]sf] df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] s'g} /fxt;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-@!@_ /d]zaxfb'/ ofbj -gL/h_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) dª\l;/ ^÷ @) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! sflQs !@ 36gf:yn M u'nl/of gu/kflnsf–@k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M u'nl/of gu/kflnsf –@

hok'/ afa'sf] gfd M ;dz]/ ofbjcfdfsf] gfd M ;j]{z ofbjj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f u'nl/of gu/kflnsf –@hok'/sf @) jif{/d]zaxfb'/ ofbj -gL/h_nfO{ @)^! sflQs!@ ut] u'nl/ofgu/kflnsf–@af6 kbdl/hfnsf] g]t[Tjdf cfPsf]dfcf]jfbLsf] 6f]nLn]

ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.kLl8tsf kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt:j?k s'g};xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-@!#_ eLdaxfb'/ lji6hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ dª\l;/ @!÷@^jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f/ $ 36gf:yn M a]njf uflj;–& alb{ofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M a]njf uflj;–& a]txgLafa'sf] gfd M sfnLaxfb'/ lji6cfdfsf] gfd M lkdfsnL lji6j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lkjnL lji65f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷ hgf

304


ljj/0fa]njf uflj;–&a]txgLsf @^jifL{oeLdaxfb'/ lji6nfO{@)^) c;f/ $ ut] /fltcfkm\g} 3/df ;'lt/x]sfa]nf %) hgf hltsf];ª\Vofdf cfkm"x?nfO{dfcf]jfbL atfpFb} ckx/0fu/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yf

c1ft 5. pgL;Fu} pgsf a'afnfO{ klg ckx/0ful/Psf] lyof]. ?s'ddf d'2f k/]sfn] To;} ljifodf;f]wk'5 ug{ egL pgsf] ckx/0f ul/Psf] lyof].

-@!$_ ;fu/ uf}tdhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#&÷@@jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( dª\l;/ !)36gf:yn M algofef/ uflj;–%k]zf M s'gfy/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;fgf]>L uflj;–( alb{ofafa'sf] gfd M afa'/fd uf}td cfdfsf] gfd M dLgf uf}tdj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M nLnf / lgd{nf uf}td5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷ hgf

ljj/0f algofef/ uflj;–%sf @@jifL{o ;fu/ uf}tdnfO{

@)%( dª\l;/ !) algo-fef/ uflj;–%af6dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n]ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf cem} c1ft5. kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k s'g};xof]u pknAw u/fPsf]

5}g.

-@!%_ eLd/fh >Ljf:tjhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!@ ;fn÷ $* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) r}t !(36gf:yn M hd'gL uflj;–$k]zf M /fhgLlt g]

kfnL sfª\u|]; sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M hd'gL ulfj;–$ hd'gLafa'sf] gfd M dxf/fhaS; >Ljf:tjcfdfsf] gfd M dfntLb]jL >Ljf:tjj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /fhs'df/L

>Ljf:tj / ;'/hdf]lt yf? >Ljf:tj

5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷! hgfcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M@

ljj/0f hd'gL ulfj;–$hd'gLsf g]kfnL sfª\u|];sfo{stf{ $* jifL{oeLd/fh >Ljf:tjnfO{@)^) r}t !( ut] /fltsl/a ! ;o hgfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{sf];d"xn] ckx/0f u/]sf]df

pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. a]kQf kfl/Psf] Psdlxgfkl5 dfcf]jfbLn] ;kmfof u/]sf] eg] tf klgslxn] s'g 7fpFdf ;kmfof ul/Psf] xf] Tof] eg]hgfOPg. kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k !nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .

-@!^_ s[i0f/fh clwsf/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% j}zfv !%÷ @^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! ;fpg #36gf:yn M 8]p9snf uflj;k]zf M ;}lgs hjfg ,zfxL g]kfnL

;]gf:yfoL 7]ufgf M 8]p9snf uflj;–(afa'sf] gfd M r]tgf/fo0f clwsf/L

305


cfdfsf] gfd M ;fljqLb]jL clwsf/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f 8]p9snf uflj;–(sf@^ jifL{o s[i0f/fhclwsf/LnfO{ @)^!;fpg # ut] 8]p9snfuflj;–( nId0ffrf]saf6dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n]ckx/0f u/L a]kQf kf/].;}lgs hjfg clwsf/L

3/ljbfdf cfPsf a]nf ckxl/t ePsf lyP.kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k s'g};xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

-@!&_ /f]hg cnLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@% ;fn÷ #$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs @$36gf:yn M 8]p9snf uflj;–&k]zf M Jofkf/:yfoL 7]ufgf M 8]p9snf uflj;–&

/]zdk'/afa'sf] gfd M Oa|flxd cnLcfdfsf] gfd M uk'/f cnLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M hogs cnL hfuf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M %÷hgf

ljj/0f 8]p9snf uflj;–&/]zdk'/sf #$ jifL{o/f]hg cnLnfO{ @)%(sflQs @$ ut] /flt3/df al;/x]sf a]nfdfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/La]kQf kf/].kl/jf/nfO{;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k !

nfv ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .

-@!*_ pQd yf¿hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* r}t #)÷ @@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) r}t $36gf:yn M 8]p9snf uflj;–(k]zf M ;}lgs hjfg l;l4aS;

u'Nd:yfoL 7]ufgf M 8]p9snf uflj;–(

ssf}/fafa'sf] gfd M dgdfof yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M ltns/fgL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M dgdfof yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!hgf

ljj/0f 8]p9snf uflj;–(ssf}/fsf @@ jifL{opQd yf¿nfO{@)^) r}t$ ut] dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{n] ckx/0fu/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]

/fxt :j?k s'g} ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g .

-@!(_ /fh]Gb| rf}w/Llnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( df3 $ 36gf:yn M wwjf/ uflj;–$k]zf M k|x/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M wwjf/ uflj;–$ a}bLafa'sf] gfd M ?knfn yf¿cfdfsf] gfd M t]h'nL yf¿j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M pld{nf yf¿5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷! hgf

306


ljj/0f wwjf/ uflj;–$ a}bLsf@@ jifL{o /fh]Gb|rf}w/LnfO{ @)%( df3 $ut] /flt ckx/0fu/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5.kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j?k * nfv %)

xhf/ ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .

kL8s kIf -zfxL g]kfnL ;]gf_

-@_ b]jL/fd /f]sfdu/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( c;f]h !) ut] ÷ @)lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ !% ut]36gf:yn M jL/]Gb|gu/ gu/kflnsf–%k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M u9L–% jonsf]8afa'sf] gfd M andaxfb'/ /f]sfdu/cfdfsf] gfd M kbdsnL /f]sf du/

ljj/0fu9L uflj;–% 3/ eOs~rgk'/ lhNnfdx]Gb|gu/ gkfdf Hofnfdhb'/L ub}{ hLjgofkgul//x]sf b]jL/fd/f]sfdu/nfO{ @)%(c;f/ !% ut] zfxL

g]kfnL ;]gfn] dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf lu/km\tf/ u/Lj]kQf kf/].

-#_ bLkf jnLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ r]t !( ut] ÷ !*lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^) ;fpg @! ut]36gf:yn M /fd3f6–%, ;'v]{tk]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M nf6Lsf]OnL–(, ;'v]{tafa'sf] gfd M k"0f{l;+x cf]nLcfdfsf] gfd M ;'zLnf cf]nL

ljj/0fnf6Lsf]OnL uflj;–%lgjf;L dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ !* jifL{o bLkfjnLnfO{ u:tLdf upsfzfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn]@)^) ;fpg @! ut]

307


$=* ;'v]{t

kL8s kIf -;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{_

-!_ dbg/fh vgfnhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ ebf} % & ut] ÷ @^lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) kmfu'g !# ut]36gf:yn M jL/]Gb|gu/ gu/kflnsf–%k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M jfljofrf}/–*, a/}r]afa'sf] gfd M nIdLk|;fb vgfncfdfsf] gfd M b]jsL vgfn

ljj/0fjfljofrf}/ uflj;–* 3/eO{ cg]/f:jljo'qmflGtsf/L ;'v]{tsf ;b:o@^ jif{Lo dbg/fhvgfnnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n]@)^) kmfu'g !# ut]jL/]Gb|gu/ gkf–% af6lu/km\tf/ u/L j]kQf kf/].

kLl8tsf] cj:yf xfn;DDf c1ft 5.


dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf /fd3f6 uflj;af7lu/km\tf/ u/L j]kQf kf/]. pgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5.

-$_ uª\uf/fd jnLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) ;fn ÷ @(lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h !@ ut]36gf:yn M l5Gr'–!, u]?jfgL aaOk]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M nf6Lsf]OnL–(, ;'v]{tafa'sf] gfd M b]j/fd jnLcfdfsf] gfd M kjL jnLkTgLsf] gfd M ltn;/L jnL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @ hgf

ljj/0fl5Gr' uflj;–! lgjf;L@( jifL{o uª\uf/fdjnLnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf @)%( c;f]h!@ ut] u:tL v6]/uPsf zfxL g]kfnL;]gfn] 3/af6}lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]sf]df

xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

-%_ rGb|axfb'/ bdfOhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( ;fn ÷ @&lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ !$ ut]36gf:yn M sf]xnk'/–%, afFs]k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bxrf}/–&, ;'v]{tafa'sf] gfd M slj/fd bdfOcfdfsf] gfd M dgs'df/L bdfOkTgLsf] gfd M sf}lznf bdfO5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @ hgf

ljj/0fbxrf}/ uflj;–& lgjf;Ldfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ @&jifL{o rGb|axfb'/bdfOnfO{ zfxL g]kfnL;]gfn] afFs] lhNnfsf]sf]xnk'/ rf}/fxaf6lu/km\tf/ u/L j]kQfagfof].

-^_ uLtf af]x]f/fhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$^ r}t !^ ut]÷ !$lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f]h @ ut]36gf:yn M bz/yk'/–%, TfNnf]3'Dg],;'v]{tk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M bz/yk'/–%, ;'v]{tafa'sf] gfd M uugaxfb'/ af]x]f/f

ljj/0fbz/yk'/ uflj;–% lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{!$ jifL{o uLtf af]x]f/fnfO{ @)^) c;f]h @ ut];]gfn] bz/yk'/af6 dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdflu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf kf¥of]. pgsf] cj:yfxfn;DDd c1ft 5.

-&_ hutaxfb'/ r'gf/fhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) k'if ÷ !*lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* df3 @)36gf:yn M ;f6fvfgL–*, ;'v]{tk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M kfDsf–$, ;'v]{tafa'sf] gfd M uugaxfb'/ af]x]f/f

cfdfsf] gfd Mh'dgf r'gf/f

ljj/0fkfDsf uflj;–$ lgjf;Ldfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ !*jifL{o hut r'gf/fnfO{@)%* df3 @) ut]

308


u:tLdf uPsf zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] @)%* df3@) ut] dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf lu/km\tf/ u/La]kQf kf¥of]. pgsf] cj:yf xfn;DDd c1ft 5.

kL8s kIf -k|x/L_

-*_ zfGtf kf]v/]nhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ kmfu'g !!

@) jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%^ kmfu'g # ut]36gf:yn M jL/]Gb|gu/

gu/kflnsf–!@k]zf M /fhgLlt - clvn g]kfn

dlxnf ;ª\3 ;'v]{t, ;b:o_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M jL/]Gb|gu/ gu/kflnsf–!!

afa'sf] gfd M ldqnfn kf]v/]ncfdfsf] gfd M gGbsnf kf]v/]nkTfLsf] gfd M Clif kf]v/]n5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ! hgf

ljj/0fjL/]Gb|gkf–!! lgjf;Lclvn g]kfn dlxnf ;ª\3;'v]{t, ;b:o @) jifL{ofzfGtf kf]v/]nnfO{dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf@)%^ kmfu'g # ut]k|x/Ln] jL/]Gb|gu/gu/kflnsf–!@ af6

lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf agfPsf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5.

-(_ z/0f yfkfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ ebf} % ut]

@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* h]7 !# ut]36gf:yn M kfj{tLk'/ uflj;, afFs]

k]zf M Hofnfbf/L :yfoL 7]ufgf M bxrf}/– % lkKn]afa'sf] gfd M ;]t] yfkfcfdfsf] gfd M ;'ldnf yfkfkTfLsf] gfd M dgs'df/L yfkf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M ! hgf

ljj/0fbxrf}/ uflj;–% 3/ eOafFs]sf] kfj{tLk'/uflj;df /x]sf] Pssf/vfgfdf sfd ug]{z/0f yfkfnfO{ @)%*h]7 !# ut] k|x/Ln] afFs]lhNnfsf] kfj{tLk'/af6lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf

kf¥of]. pgL 36gf x'g' eGbf s]xL dlxgf cl3dfcf]jfbL kf6L{ kl/Tofu u/L sfdsf nflu afFs]uPsf lyP.

-!)_ wL/axfb'/ yfkfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) c;f/ !@ ut]

@) jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f/ !* ut] 36gf:yn M g]kfnu~h gkf, afFs] k]zf M /fhgLlt :yfoL 7]ufgf M bz/yk'/–@, ;'v]{tafa'sf] gfd M aL/axfb'/ yfkf

ljj/0fbz/yk'/ uflj;–@ lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{@) jifL{o wL/axfb'/ yfkfnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf k|x/Ln] afFs]sf] g]kfnu~haf6 @)^)j}zfv !* ut] lu/km\tf/ u/L j]kQf kf¥of].kLl8tsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

-!!_ k|]daxfb'/ /;fOnLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## k'if & ut] ÷ @% lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t )& ut]

309


36gf:yn M n]vk/fh'n uflj;–^, ;'v]{t k]zf M /fhgLlt :yfoL 7]ufgf M /fd3f6–&, ;'v]{tafa'sf] gfd M h;jL/ /;fOnLcfdfsf] gfd M rg|snf /;fOnL

ljj/0f/fd3f6 uflj;–& lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL hg;]gf @%jifL{o k|]daxfb'/ /;fOnLnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsf]cf/f]kdf k|x/Ln] n]vk/fh'n uflj;–% af6 kqmfpu/L a]kQf kf¥of]. kLl8tsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5.

kL8s kIf -g]skf dfcf]jfbL_

-!@_ k|]daxfb'/ sfsL{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ ;fpg $ ut]

@* lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) k'if @# ut]36gf:yn M kftfef/–& alb{ofk]zf M ;z:q k|x/L hjfg:yfoL 7]ufgf M ljhf}/f– %, ;'v]{tafa'sf] gfd M afnf sfsL{cfdfsf] gfd M yf]nL sfsL{klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M gGbf sfsL{

ljj/0fljhf}/f uflj;–% 3/ eO;z:q k|x/Lsf hjfg @*jifL{o k|]daxfb'/sfsL{nfO{ dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{x?n] alb{oflhNnfsf] kftfef/uflj;af6 @)^) k'if @#ut] ckx/0f u/L a]kQff

kf/] kLl8tsf] cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

-!#_ dfgaxfb'/ v8\sfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ d+l;/ * ut]÷ #) lnª\u M k'?if

36gf ldlt M @)^) d+l;/ % ut]36gf:yn M n]vk/fh'/n– !, ;'v]{tk]zf M ;j{;fwf/0f:yfoL 7]ufgf M n]vk/fh'/n– !, ;'v]{tafa'sf] gfd M uf]kfn v8\sfcfdfsf] gfd M rGb|snf v8\sfklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M clj;/f v8\sf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @ ÷ !

ljj/0fn]vk/fh'/ uflj;–! lgjf;L #) jifL{o dfgjxfb'/v8\sfnfO{ km/s dt /fv]sf] cf/f]kdf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{x?n] @)^@ d+l;/ % ut] ufpFaf6}ckx/0f u/L a]kQf kf/]. kLl8tsf] kl/jf/n]vk/fh'/ uflj;–* 9'ª\u|Lvf]nfdf P]nfgL hUufkmfF8]/ hLjg u'hf/f ul//x]sf 5g\. t/ :yfgLodfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ Pjd\ PsLs[t dfcf]jfbL lhNnfsld6L ;b:o g/]Gb| sfsL{n] eg] v8\sf ckx/0fdfk/]sf] nuQ} d'Qm eO{ ef/tdf uPsf] / ;z:qåGåsf] cGTokl5 n]vk/fh'n uflj;df ePsf];j{bnLo a}7s ;dIf dfgaxfb'/ v8\sfsf klTglagf v8\sfn] d]/f klt dfgaxfb'/n] xfdLnfO{l5Gr'df af]nfO{ e]63f6 kl5 ef/t uPs]f s'/fnfO{:jLsf/ u/]sf] bfjL ub}{ cfPsf 5g\. ;j{bnLoa}7sdf u/]sf] sfuh eg] sfsL{n] pknAwu/fPsf 5}gg\. dfgaxfb'/sf klTg aLgfn] eg]dfcf]jfbLsf] bjfjdf cfkm'n] o:tf] sfuhdf ;xLu/]sf] atfp“b} cfPsL 5g\.

-!$_ ofdaxfb'/ vqLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& j}zfv @! ut]

@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) d+l;/ % ut]36gf:yn M vfgLvf]nf– &, ;'v]{tk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M vfgLvf]nf– &, ;'v]{tafa'sf] gfd M 6s/axfb'/ vqLcfdfsf] gfd M wg;/L vqL

310


ljj/0fvfgLvf]nf–& lgjf;Ldfcf]jfbLsf k"j{ sfo{stf{ofgaxfb'/ vqLnfO{;'/fsLsf] cf/f]kdf @)%*d+l;/ ! ut] dfcf]jfbLsfsfo{stf{x?n] 3/af6}ckx/0f u/]sf lyP.kLl8tsf] cj:yf

To;lbgb]lv c1ft 5.

-@_ rGb|f /f]sfofhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ sflQs !% ut]

@@ jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%* df3 !@ ut]36gf:yn M ;'v]{t lhNnf jL/]Gb|gu/

gkf–&, skf;] Aof/]sk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf

yfnf/}s/ uflj;–(afa'sf] gfd M uugl;+x /f]sfofcfdfsf] gfd M nfnL /f]sfofj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fyfnf/}s/ uflj;–( lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{@@ jifL{of rGb|f /f]sfofnfO{ @)%* df3 !@ ut]laxfg ;'v]{t lhNnfaf6 cfPsf] ;]gfsf] u:tL6f]nLn] 3/df al;/x]sf] a]nf lu/ˆtf/ u/L ;]gfsf]x]nLsK6/df ;'v]{tsf] jL/]Gb|gu/ gkf–& lt/nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

-#_ nIdLk|;fb clwsf/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) c;f]h @& ut]

@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) j}zfv !& ut]36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf lr;fkfgL

uflj;–!, lr;fkfgLk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf

bz]/f uflj; –!, xf8]tf]nfafa'sf] gfd M 1fgLk|;fb clwsf/Lcfdfsf] gfd M xl/snf clwsf/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fbz]/f uflj; –! xf8]tf]nf lgjf;L @) jifL{onIdLk|;fb clwsf/LnfO{ ef/ttkm{ hfg nfUbf

311


$=( hfh/sf]6


-!_ jL/]Gb|k|;fb s];LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% h]7 !^ ut]÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) k'; & ut]36gf:yn M ;'v{]t lhNnf /fsd

uflj;–@, /fsdk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf ;'jfgfpnL

uflj;–$, ;'jfgfpnLafa'sf] gfd M nfnaxfb'/ s];Lcfdfsf] gfd M ldgf s];Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f;'jfgfpnL uflj;–$ lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{@% jifL{o jL/]Gb|k|;fb s];LnfO{ @)^) k'; & ut];'v{]t lhNnfsf] /fsd uflj;–@ af6 zfxL g]kfnL;]gfsf] 6f]nLn] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Ddpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.


dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf @)^) j}zfv !& ut];]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/L afFs] lhNnf lr;fkfgLuflj;–! l:yt Jof/]sdf nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.

-$_ s0f{ a:g]thGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ ebf} !( ut]

#@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%^ c;f]h @# ut]36gf:yn M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf

uvf{sf]6 uflj;–@, uvf{sf]6

k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf sf]tf{ª

uflj;–^, g]6fafa'sf] gfd M cd/ a:g]tcfdfsf] gfd M ?kf a:g]tj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ljdnf a:g]t5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fsf]tf{ª uflj;–^, g]6fsf #@ jifL{o s0f{ a:g]tnfO{dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf @)%^ c;f]h @# ut]Aofkf/sf] l;nl;nfdf uvf{sf]6 uflj;–@ uPsf]a]nf k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/L Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nouvf{sf]6 nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft5. k|x/Ln] pgnfO{ ;f]xL lbg l/xf u/]sf] atfof].lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no hfh/sf]6n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

kL8s kIf -k|x/L_

-%_ s';axfb'/ zfxLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! ebf} !& ut]

@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%& ebf} !# ut]

36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf h};k'/ uflj;–!, hd'gfxrf}sL

k]zf M s[lif, g]skf dfcf]jfbL:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf nxF

uflj;–*, P/f/Lafa'sf] gfd M bnaxfb'/ zfxLcfdfsf] gfd M kfj{tL zfxLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fnxF uflj;–* P/f/L lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{@^ jifL{o s';axfb'/ zfxLnfO{ @)%& ebf} !# ut]laxfg !! ah]lt/ ef/ttkm{ hfgnfUbf afFs]lhNnfsf] h};k'/ uflj;–! hd'gfx l:ytr]skf]i6df sf{o/t k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

-^_ e"knfn uf}tdhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) sflQs !# ut]

@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% r}t @* ut]36gf:yn M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf nxF

uflj;–$, vnrf}/k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf

8fF8fufpF uflj;–%, 8fF8fufFp

afa'sf] gfd M lzjnfn uf}tdcfdfsf] gfd M kfj{tL uf}tdj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f8fF8fufpF uflj; –% 8fF8fufpF lgjf;L @% jifL{oe"knfn uf}tdnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf@)%% r}t @* ut] Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no nxvfnrf}/af6 vl6Psf] k|x/L u:tL 6f]nLn] 3/af6}lu/ˆtf/ u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5.

312


-&_ s]zj v8\sfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! h]7 @! ut]

@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% ;fpg !$ ut]36gf:yn M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf ;Snf

uflj;–#, ;]k'vf]nfk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf nxF

uflj;–*, nlj;fafa'sf] gfd M bQ] v8\sfcfdfsf] gfd M nfn' v8\sfj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fnxF uflj;–* nlj;f lgjf;L @$ jifL{o s]zjv8\sfnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf @)%%;fpg !$ ut] laxfg 3/d} al;/x]sf] cj:yfdfOnfsf k|x/L sfof{no ;]k'vf]nf / Onfsf k|x/Lsfof{no /dL8fF8faf6 cfPsf] k|x/L u:tL 6f]nLn]lu/ˆtf/ u/L Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no ;]k'vf]nfdfnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no hfh/sf]6n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{! nfv ?lkof /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-*_ nfn' a'9fhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) ebf} !( ut]

@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% sflQs @& ut]36gf:yn M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf dhsf]6

uflj;–&, efn's'Oofk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf bx

uflj;–@, h's{afa'sf] gfd M lnn] a'9fcfdfsf] gfd M lkm:6L a'9fj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fbx uflj;–@ h's{ lgjf;L @% jifL{o nfn' a'9fnfO{

@)%% sflQs @& ut] laxfg Onfsf k|x/Lsfof{noaf6 cfPsf] k|x/L u:tL 6f]nLn] 5fglagu/L k7fOlbg] eGb} lu/ˆtf/ u/L bz]/f k|x/Lrf}sL nfg] qmddf aLr af6f]df kg{] dhsf]6uflj;–& efn's'Oof n]v;Dd k'¥ofPkl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no hfh/sf]6n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv?lkof /fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-(_ lvdaxfb'/ ljshGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@@ h]7 !% ut]

## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% r}t !^ ut]36gf:yn M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf

vn+uf uflj;–!, eujtL6f]n

k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf

vn+uf uflj;–(, sf]nrf}/

afa'sf] gfd M xfp/f] sfdLcfdfsf] gfd M sfnL sd]gLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lbkf ljs5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fvn+uf uflj;–(sf]nrf}/ lgjf;L ##jifL{o lvdaxfb'/ljsnfO{ @)%% r}t !^ut] laxfg 3/af6}k|x/Ln] lu/ˆtf/ u/LlhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodfnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf]

cj:yf c1ft 5. k|x/Ln] eg] s;}nfO{ lu/ˆtf/gu/]sf] atfof]. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nohfh/sf]6n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof/fxt:j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

313


-!)_ u'dfgl;+x /fgfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@( dª\l;/ !# ut]÷@^jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% j}zfv ! ut]36gf:yn M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf vn+uf

uflj;–!, eujtL6f]nk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

;]gf:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf vn+uf

uflj;–*, lkk]afa'sf] gfd M 6slj/ /fgfcfdfsf] gfd M wgL /fgfj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fvn+uf uflj;–* lkk] lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL ;]gf @^jifL{o u'dfgl;+x /fgfnfO{ @)%$ r}t !) ut]k|x/Ln] ;'v{]t lhNnfsf] /fsdaf6 lu/ˆtf/ u/Lx]lnsf]K6/dfkm{t lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nohfh/sf]6df a'emfOPsf] lyof]. kLl8t @)%%j}zfv ! ut] ;Dd lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nohfh/sf]6df lx/f;tdf /x]sf]df xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nohfh/sf]6n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof/fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!!_ dfgaxfb'/ sfsL{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ sflQs & ut]

@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% df3 @^ ut]36gf:yn M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf vn+uf

uflj;–!, eujtL6f]nk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf vn+uf

uflj;–^, l/;fª\ufafa'sf] gfd M w'n]Zj/ sfsL{cfdfsf] gfd M wgL sfsL{j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fvn+uf uflj;–^,l/;fª\ufsf @! jifL{odfgaxfb'/ sfsL{nfO{@)%% df3 @^ ut]g]kfn k|x/Ln] 3/af6}lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. lhNnf k|x/L

sfof{nodf kLl8t kl/jf/n] df3 @& ut] ;f]Wbfl8P;kLn] sfsL{nfO{ l/xf ul/;s]sf] hjfkm lbPsflyP. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no hfh/sf]6n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-!@_ s];] a:g]thGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ h]7 !* ut]

@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%^ c;f]h @# ut]36gf:yn M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf uvf{sf]6

uflj;–@, uvf{sf]6k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf sf]tf{ª

uflj;–^, g]6fafa'sf] gfd M bnaxfb'/ a:g]tcfdfsf] gfd M sfnL a:g]tj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fsf]tf{ª uflj;–^, g]6fsf @) jifL{o s];] a:g]tnfO{dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf @)%^ c;f]h @# ut]Aofkf/sf] l;nl;nfdf uvf{sf]6 uflj;–@ uPsf]a]nf k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/L Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nouvf{sf]6 nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft5. k|x/Ln] pgnfO{ ;f]xL lbg l/xf u/]sf] atfof].lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no hfh/sf]6n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

314


-!#_ lzjk|;fb zdf{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$ sflQs ( ut]

## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%& d+l;/ !# ut]36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf g]kfnu~h

gkf–!, wDaf]emLk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 vn+uf

uflj;–^, l/;fªafa'sf] gfd M r'8fd0fL zdf{cfdfsf] gfd M df]xgs'df/L zdf{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M k|]dsnf zdf{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fvn+uf uflj;–^, l/;fªsf ## jifL{o lzjk|;fbzdf{nfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf @)%& d+l;/!# ut] lbpF;f] k|x/Ln] afFs] lhNnf g]kfnu~hgkf–!, wDaf]emLaf6 lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no hfh/sf]6n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!$_ sfnLaxfb'/ ljshGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! ;fpg @^ ut]

@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% k'; !$ ut]36gf:yn M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf vn+uf

uflj;–!, sf]6vf]nfk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf vn+uf

uflj;–%, kf]vf{afa'sf] gfd M cd[t sfdLcfdfsf] gfd M sfnL sfdLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f

vn+uf uflj;–%, kf]vf{sf @$ jifL{o sfnLaxfb'/ljsnfO{ dfcf]fjfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf @)%% k';!$ ut] laxfg 3/d} al;/x]sf] a]nf lhNnf k|x/Lsfof{noaf6 uPsf] k|x/L 6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no hfh/sf]6n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!%_ /ltjg ljshGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! sflQs @ ut]

@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% d+l;/ !) ut]36gf:yn M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf

vn+uf uflj;–!, sf]6vf]nf

k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf

vn+uf uflj;–^, bf/g]6f

afa'sf] gfd M rf]r] sfdLcfdfsf] gfd M gf]6L sfdLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0fvn+uf uflj;–^, bf/g]6fsf @$ jifL{o /ltjgljsnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf @)%% d+l;/!) ut] k|x/Ln] 3/d} al;/x]sf] cj:yfdflu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no hfh/sf]6n]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!^_ bnjL/ kl/of/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! k'; % ut]÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% d+l;/ !) ut]36gf:yn M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf vn+uf

315


uflj;–!, sf]6vf]nfk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf vn+uf

uflj;–^, bf/g]6fafa'sf] gfd M ?b|axfb'/ kl/of/cfdfsf] gfd M cd[tf kl/of/j}jflxs l:ylt M cljfjlxt

ljj/0fvn+uf uflj;–^, bf/g]6fsf @$ jifL{o bnlj/kl/of/nfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf @)%%d+l;/ !) ut] k|x/Ln] 3/d} al;/x]sf] cj:yfdflu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no hfh/sf]6n]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!&_ dsbn sfdLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## c;f]h !# ut]

@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% k'; !& ut]36gf:yn M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf vn+uf

uflj;–!, sf]6vf]nfk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf vn+uf

uflj;–%, kf]vf{afa'sf] gfd M wgjL/ sfdLcfdfsf] gfd M holznf sfdLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fvn+uf uflj;–%, kf]vf{sf @@ jifL{o dsbnsfdLnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf @)%% k';!& ut] lhNnf k|x/L sfof{noaf6 uPsf] k|x/L6f]nLn] 3/d} al;/x]sf] cj:yfdf lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no hfh/sf]6n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!*_ ch'{g /fgfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) ebf} # ut]

!% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% d+l;/ $ ut]36gf:yn M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf vn+uf

uflj;–*, l/Dgfk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf vn+uf

uflj;–*, l/Dgfafa'sf] gfd M hoaxfb'/ /fgfcfdfsf] gfd M lji0fL /fgfj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fvn+uf uflj;–*, l/Dgfsf !% jifL{o ch'{g/fgfnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf @)%% d+l;/$ ut] k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/L l/Dgf k|x/L rf}sLdfnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8tkl/jf/n] @)%% d+l;/ ^ ut] k|x/L rf}sLdf;f]wk'5 ubf{ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nodf 5fglagsfnflu k7fPsf] hfgsf/L lbPklg lhNnf k|x/Lsfof{non] eg] d+l;/ & ut] sf]xL klg gk7fOPsf]atfof]. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no hfh/sf]6n]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofpknAw u/fPsf] 5.


-!(_ cfOt] /fgfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! ;fpg @@ ut]

@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%& j}zfv !( ut]36gf:yn M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf vn+uf

uflj;–*, lkk]k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]kfnL sfFu|;

;b:o:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf vn+uf

uflj;–*, lkk]afa'sf] gfd M 6Lsf/fd /fgf

316


cfdfsf] gfd M elj;/f /fgfj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf] 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷!

ljj/0fvn+uf uflj; –* lkk] lgjf;L g]kfnL sfFu|];sf;ls|o ;b:o @^ jifL{o cfOt] /fgfnfO{ dfcf]jfbLlj?¢ ;'/fsL u/]sf] cf/f]kdf @)%& j}zfv !(ut] dfcf]jfbLn] ;f]xL uflj;af6 nu]kl5 xfn;Ddpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nohfh/sf]6n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof/fxt :j¿k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@)_ hok|;fb h};LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ ;fpg !( ut]

@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h @& ut]36gf:yn M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf bz]/f

uflj;–@, r'jfb]pnLk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

;]gf:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf khf?

uflj;–&, lemª\u|Lafa'sf] gfd M nfnk|;fb h};Lcfdfsf] gfd M kfg;/L h};Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fkhf? uflj;–& lemª\u|L lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL ;]gf @#jifL{o hok|;fb h};LnfO{ dfcf]jfbL hgd'lSt;]gfsf] cfrf/;+lxtf ljkl/t sfo{ ub}{ lx+8]sf]cf/f]kdf @)%( c;f]h @& ut] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfn]ckx/0f u/]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no hfh/sf]6n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof /fxt :j¿k pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-@!_ lj/an k'ghGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## k'; % ut]÷!*jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%% j}zfv @) ut]36gf:yn M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf vn+uf

uflj;–%, kf]vf{ h+unk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf vn+uf

uflj;–%, kf]vf{afa'sf] gfd M g/lj/ k'gcfdfsf] gfd M snf}6L k'gj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fvn+uf uflj;–%, kf]vf{ lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL ;]gf

!* jifL{o la/an k'gnfO{ dfcf]jfbL

lgb]{zgljk/Lt sfd u/]sf] cf/f]kdf @)%%

j}zfv @) ut] dfcf]jfbL ;]gfn] lgoGq0fdf

lnP/ uPkl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no hfh/sf]6n] kLl8t

kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAw

u/fPsf] 5.

317


kL8s kIf -g]skf dfcf]jfbL kIf_

-!_ afnf/fd lji6hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!@ ebf} !@ ut]

$* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) ebf} !@ ut]36gf:yn M /fds0ff{nL–$ , b}n]vk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M /fjtsf]6–$, b}n]vafa'sf] gfd M /fdaxfb'/ lji6kTgLsf] gfd M OGb|snf lji6

ljj/0f/fjtsf]6 uflj;–$ sf $* jifL{o afnf/fdlji6nfO{ @)^) ebf} !@ ut] dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n];'/fsLsf] cf/f]kdf 3/ glhs}af6 ckx/0f u/La]kQf agfP.


-!_ dgaxfb'/ ;fsL{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( kmfu'g @ ut] ÷ !(lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* d+l;/ #) ut]36gf:yn M sflnsf–&,8f]Nkfk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M ;dL{–&, 8f]Nkfafa'sf] gfd M nu'g] ;fsL{cfdfsf] gfd M snw/L ;fsL{

ljj/0f;dL{ uflj;–& lgjf;L !( jifL{o dgaxfb'/;fsL{nfO{ )%* k'; #) ut] sflnsf uflj;af6zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf agfP.kLl8t ;j{;fwf/0f lyP.

-@_ /fdaxfb'/ af]xf]/fhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@% kmfu'g !! ut]÷ ##lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @ ut]36gf:yn M sflnsf–&,8f]Nkfk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf–@, 8f]Nkfafa'sf] gfd M k}On] af]xf]/fcfdfsf] gfd M ;fpgL af]xf]/fkTgLsf] gfd M w'ks'df/L af]x]f/f5f]/f5f/Lsf] ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fsfnLsf uflj;–@ lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{/fdaxfb'/ af]xf]/fnfO{ @)%* kmfu'g @ ut] g]kfnL;]gfn] ;f]xL uflj;–&, sfnLsf dfljaf6lu/km\tf/ u/L a]kQf agfP.

318


$=!) b}n]vkL8s /fHokIfaf6-;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{, zfxL g]kfnL;]gf / g]kfn k|x/L_

$=!! 8f]Nkf



-!_ wghLt sfdLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ c;f]h * ut]

@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflt{s @* ut]36gf:yn M rGbggfy–^, h'Dnfk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M sF'8f/L–$, h'Dnfafa'sf] gfd M an?k sfdLcfdfsf] gfd M lji0f' sfdLkTgLsf] gfd M ux'“snf sfdL5f]/f5f/Lsf] ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fs'F8f/L uflj;–$, ;fk'NnLlgjf;L @# jifL{o wglhtsfdLnfO{ @)%( sflt{s@* ut] dfcf]jfbLsf];fdfg af]s]/ uHof{ª\sf]6hfFb} ubf{ af6f]df e]l6Psf]zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] u:tL6f]nLn] lu/km\tf/ u/L

j]kQf agfof].

kL8s kIf -k|x/L_

-@_ k"0f{axfb'/ e08f/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M gv'n]sf]lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%^ c;f/ # ut]36gf:yn M u'7Lrf}/, h'Dnf:yfoL 7]ufgf M uHof{ªsf]6–(, h'Dnf

afa'sf] gfd M ck'/] e08f/Lcfdfsf] gfd M gv'n]sf]kTgLsf] gfd M cDdsnL e08f/L5f]/f5f/Lsf] ;ª\Vof M #

ljj/0fuHof{ª\sf]6–( sf k"0f{axfb'/ e08f/LnfO{ @)%^cf;/ # ut] ;f]xL uflj;sf] d'gL;fFu'l:yt k|x/Lsfof{non] dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf lu/km\tf/ u/La]kQf kf¥of].

319


$=!@ h'Dnf


$=!# sfnLsf]6

kL8s kIf -;'/IffsdL{_-!_ /fh' kl/of/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$# kmfu'g @* ut]

@* jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^! ;fpg % ut]36gf:yn M h'Dnf lhNnf tftf]kfgL

uflj;k]zf M /fhgLlt, dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf 5fk|]

uflj;–^afa'sf] gfd M /u] kl/of/cfdfsf] gfd M k'NtL kl/of/j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !)

ljj/0f5fk|] uflj;–^ lgjf;Ldfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ /fh'kl/of/ @)%( sflQs @*h'Dnf cfqmd0f ug]{ qmddf;'/IffsdL{;Fu ePsf]le8GtkZrft xfn;Ddc1ft l5g\.


-@_ ls:dtfs'df/L zfxLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! k'; % ut]

!( jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^) ;fpg ! ut]36gf:yn M 88]nw'/f lhNnf

cflntfn uflj;k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

;]gf:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf

abfnsf]6 uflj;–@,/]uLnafa'sf] gfd M s'naxfb'/ zfxL cfdfsf] gfd M zf/bf zfxLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fbfnsf]6 uflj;–@/]uLnsL dfcf]jfbL ;]gf@) jifL{of ls:dtfs'df/LzfxLnfO{ @)^) ;fpg !ut] 88]nw'/faf6 cfPsf];'/IffsdL{n] lu/km\tf/u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Ddpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no sfnLsf]6n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-#_ /3'wg zfxLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@( h]7 ^ ut]÷#) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 !@ ut]36gf:yn M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf

dfGdfvf8frqm uflj;–%,v8frqm ahf/

k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf

/fDgfsf]6 uflj;–$, aRsf]6

afa'sf] gfd M kbdaxfb'/ zfxLcfdfsf] gfd M nIdL zfxLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;jnf zfxL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\VofM !÷)

ljj/0f/fDgfsf]6 uflj;–$ aRsf]6 sf #) jifL{o /3'wg

zfxLnfO{ @)%( h]7 !@ut] ;'/IffsdL{n]dfGdfvf8frqm uflj;–%v8frqm ahf/af6lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no sfnLsf]6n]

kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$_ xs]{ ;fsL{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! df3 !% ut]

@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! df3 !) ut]36gf:yn M hfh/sf]6 lhNnf h'Fuf

yfkfrf}/ uflj;–^k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

;]gf:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf kfFvf

uflj;–$afa'sf] gfd M dg] ;fsL{ cfdfsf] gfd M ?kb/f ;fsL{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M O{zj/f ;fsL{cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^

ljj/0fkfFvf uflj;–$ lgjf;Ldfcf]jfbL ;]gf @) jifL{oxs]{ ;fsL{nfO{ @)^! df3!) ut] hfh/sf]6 lhNnfh'Fuf yfkfrf}/ uflj;–^ dfxjfO{ kmfol/ª\ukl5 cfPsf;'/IffsdL{n] lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]sf]df xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.

320


-%_ /fh]Gb| s];LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! h]7 @@ ut]

@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! kmfu'g ( ut]36gf:yn M aemfª lhNnf lv/ft8L

uflj;k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL ;fF:s[lt snfsf/

:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf d'd|f uflj;–$, k/3/

afa'sf] gfd M nfndg vqL s];Lcfdfsf] gfd M wgL vqL s];Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0fd'd|f uflj;–$ k/3/ lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{/fh]Gb| s];LnfO{ @)^! kmfu'g ( ut] ;'/IffsdL{n]aemfª lhNnfsf] lv/ftf8L uflj;af6 ck/x0fu/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

-^_ hgdaxfb'/ zfxL -lgbf]{z_hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( r}t @$ ut]

@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! r}t @$ ut]36gf:yn M ?s'd lhNnf vf/f

uflj;–@k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL ;]gf:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf

h'ljyf uflj;–(, dg'afa'sf] gfd M kbdaxfb'/ zfxLcfdfsf] gfd M nfO;/L zfxLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fh'ljyf uflj;–( dg' lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL ;]gf 5}7f}+l8lehg a6flnog ;b:o @& jifL{o hgdaxfb'/

zfxL -lgbf]{z_ nfO{@)^! r}t @$ ut];'/IffsdL{n] ?s'd lhNnfvf/f rf}sLdf ePsf]le8GtkZrft sAhfdflnPkl5 xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.

-&_ eb|axfb'/ af]u6LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ c;f/ @( ut]

#@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @% ut]36gf:yn M sflnsf]6 lhNnf

dfGdfvf8frqm uflj;–%, ahf/

k]zf M lzIfs:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf

dfGdfvf8frqm uflj;–%, u}/fufp

afa'sf] gfd M gGb/fd af]u6Lcfdfsf] gfd M ;s]{gL af]u6Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M clj;/f af]u6L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^

ljj/0fdfGdfvf8frqm uflj;–%u}/fufFpsf #@ jifL{olgd{n/fh af]u6LnfO{dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf@)%* kmfu'g @% ut]lhNnf k|x/L sfof{noaf6cfPsf] k|x/L / ;]gfsf];d"xn] lu/km\tf/ u/L

nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

-*_ lgd{n/fh af]u6LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ j}zfv * ut]

!& jif{

321


lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h @) ut] 36gf:yn M sfnLsf]6 lhNnfdfGdfvf8frqm uflj;–!, u}/fufFpk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf

dfGdfvf8frqm uflj;–!, u}/fufFp

afa'sf] gfd M anaxfb'/ af]u6Lcfdfsf] gfd M hL/f af]u6Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;'jL{ af]u6L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !#

ljj/0fdfGdfvf8frqm uflj;–!u}/fufFpsf !& jifL{olgd{n/fh af]u6LnfO{@)%( c;f]h @) ut]lhNnf k|x/L sfof{noaf6cfPsf] k|x/L / e}/jbnu'Ndsf ;]gfn] 3/af6}lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5


-(_ lji0f'gfy of]uLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@^ c;f/ !% ut]

#@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !% ut]36gf:yn M a}t8L lhNnf, e'mnfuf8k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf l;Kvfgf

uflj;–&, sf]nLuf8fafa'sf] gfd M bk{0fgfy of]uLcfdfsf] gfd M kDogfy of]uLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M d8]gfy of]uL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fl;Kvfgf uflj;–&sf]nLuf8f lgjf;L #@jifL{o lji0f'gfy of]uLnfO{ef/taf6 kmls{g] qmddfdfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf@)%* r}t !% ut];'/IffsdL{n] a}t8Lsf]em'nfuf8af6 lu/km\tf/

u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

kL8s kIf "zfxL g]kfnL !]gf_

-!)_ k~r] ;fsL{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* k'; !$ ut]

@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !& ut]36gf:yn M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf

d]xnd'l8 uflj;–&k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf

d]xnd'l8 uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M gGb] ;fsL{{cfdfsf] gfd M dfuL ;fsL{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M *

ljj/0fd]xnd'l8 uflj;–& sf @) jifL{o k~r] ;fsL{nfO{dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf @)%* kmfu'g !& ut];b/d'sfd dfGdl:yt e}/jbn u'Ndaf6 u:tLdfcfPsf] ;]gfn] 3/af6} lu/km\tf/ u/L x]lnsK6/dfnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. ;f]xLlbg ufFpsf cGo tLghgfnfO{ klg ;]gfn] nu]sf]dfpgLx¿sf] cj:yf klg c1ft 5.

322


-!!_ wg;'/] bdfO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ ;fpg !* ut]

@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !& ut]36gf:yn M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf

d]xnd'l8 uflj;–&k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf

d]xnd'l8 uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M g/ bdfO{ cfdfsf] gfd M r}tL bdfO{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lddf bdfO{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M &

ljj/0fd]xnd'l8 uflj;–& sf @@ jifL{o wg;'/] bdfO{nfO{dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf @)%* kmfu'g !& ut];b/d'sfd dfGdl:yt e}/jbn u'Ndaf6 u:tLdfcfPsf] ;]gfn] 3/af6} lu/km\tf/ u/L x]lnsK6/dfnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. ;f]xLlbg ufFpsf cGo tLghgfnfO{ klg ;]gfn] nu]sf]dfpgLx¿sf] cj:yf klg c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no sfnLsf]6n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!@_ bn] ;fsL{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$# c;f/ !! ut]

!# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !& ut]36gf:yn M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf d]xnd'l8

uflj;–&k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf d]xnd'l8

uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M gGb] ;fsL{cfdfsf] gfd M dfuL ;fsL{ j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fd]xnd'l8 uflj;–& sf !# jifL{o bn] ;fsL{nfO{dfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf @)%* kmfu'g !& ut];b/d'sfd dfGdl:yt e}/jbn u'Ndaf6 u:tLdfcfPsf] ;]gfn] 3/af6} lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

-!#_ bfgaxfb'/ ;xsf/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$$ df3 !! ut]

!$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !^ ut]36gf:yn M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf ?k;f

uflj;–$k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf ?k;f

uflj;–#afa'sf] gfd M 808 ;xsf/Lcfdfsf] gfd M Kofpsf ;xsf/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f?k;f uflj;–# sf !$ jifL{o bfgaxfb'/;xsf/LnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf @)%*kmfu'g !^ ut] dfcf]jfbL / ;]gfsf] c5fdsf]d+un;]gdf le8Gtkl5 ;b/d'sfd dfGdaf6u:tLdf uPsf] ;]gfn] 3/af6} lu/km\tf/ u/]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

-!$_ cd/ ;xsf/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( kmfu'g @% ut]

!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !^ ut]36gf:yn M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf ?k;f

uflj;–$k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf ?k;f

uflj;–^afa'sf] gfd M h;] ;xsf/Lcfdfsf] gfd M em'k|L ;xsf/L

323


ljj/0f?k;f uflj;–^ sf cd/ ;xsf/LnfO{ dfcf]jfbLePsf] cf/f]kdf @)%* kmfu'g @^ ut] c5fdsf]d+un;]gaf6 u:tLdf cfPsf] ;]gfsf] ;d"xn]3/af6} lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosfnLsf]6n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof/fxt:j?k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!%_ u0f]zaxfb'/ zfxLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!* ebf} & ut]

$) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t !* ut]36gf:yn M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf

dfGdfvf8frqm uflj;–%, ahf/

k]zf M lzIfs, /fO5'ª\uf k|flj wfDsf]6, l;Kvfgf

:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf6 lhNnf l;Kvfgf uflj;–(

afa'sf] gfd M sDd/axfb'/ zfxLcfdfsf] gfd M a]Nsf];f zfxLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ;fljqL zfxL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0fl;Kvfgf uflj;–(lgjf;L /f5'ª\uf k|fljl;Kvfgfsf lzIfs $)jifL{o u0f]zaxfb'/zfxLnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf]cf/f]kdf ;b/d'sfddftna lng uPsf] a]nf@)%* r}t !& ut]

e}/jbn u'Nd sfnLsf]6af6 cfPsf] ;]gfsf] 6f]nLn]lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5.

-!^_ xl/ rf}nfufO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@! j}zfv % ut]

$* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* d+l;/ !! ut]36gf:yn M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf l;Kvfgf

uflj;–^, a'8Ll;gLk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf

l;Kvfgf uflj;–^, afb'afa'sf] gfd M gGbnfn rf}nfufO{cfdfsf] gfd M lj; rf}nfufO{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M emfp/L rf}nfufO{ 5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0fl;Kvfgf uflj;–^ afb'sf xl/ rf}nfufO{nfO{@)%* d+l;/ !! ut] ;]gfn] ;f]xL uflj;af6 nu]/uPkl5 e}/jbn u'Nd cf?kft sfnLsf]6df/fv]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

-!&_ xl/rGb| Gof}kfg]hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! d+l;/ @@ ut]

@* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( r}t !% ut]36gf:yn M s}nfnL lhNnf alnof

uflj;, lr;fkfgLk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL lhNnf sld6L ;b:o

:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf km'sf]6 uflj;–@, r'ltsf]6

afa'sf] gfd M k|jfgGb Gof}kfg]cfdfsf] gfd M ;'hL{ Gof}kfg]j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M k"/f Gof}kfg]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M #

324


ljj/0fkm'sf]6 uflj;–@ r'ltsf]6lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL lhNnfsld6L sfof{no x'Dnfsf;b:o xl/rGb| Gof}kfg]nfO{@)%( r}t !% ut]x'Dnfb]lv cfkm\gf] kl/jf/e]6\g hfFbf s}nfnLlhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfdaf6

cfPsf] ;]gfsf] u:tLn] s}nfnLsf] lr;fkfgLdflu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5.

-!*_ /fd n'xf/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% d+l;/ !$ ut]

@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !& ut]36gf:yn M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf

d]xnd'l8 uflj;–&, dflyNnf] 6f]n

k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf

d]xnd'l8 uflj;–&, dflyNnf] 6f]n

afa'sf] gfd M b]pdn] n'xf/cfdfsf] gfd M ;f}/L n'xf/j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fd]xnd'l8 uflj;–&dflyNnf] 6f]nsf @# jifL{o/fdaxfb'/ n'xf/nfO{dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf@)%* kmfu'g !& ut]e}/jbn u'Nd dfGdaf6cfPsf] ;]gfn] 3/af6}lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5


kL8s kIf "k|x/L_

-!(_ kj'{nfn wdnfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## h]7 @$ ut]

@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* sflQs ( ut]36gf:yn M afFs] lhNnf g]kfnu~h

gkfk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL ;]gf:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf km'sf]6

uflj;–$, yfgjf8fafa'sf] gfd M hof wdnfcfdfsf] gfd M xf;L wdnfj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M csf]{ ljjfx u/]sf]5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M *

ljj/0fkm'sf]6 uflj;–$yfgjf8f lgjf;Ldfcf]jfbL ;]gf @% jifL{okj'{nfn wdnfnfO{@)%* sflQs ( ut]lhNnf k|x/L sfof{noaf6cfPsf] 6f]nLn] afFs]lhNnfsf] g]kfnu~hl:yt

;]tL xf]6naf6 lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Ddpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosfnLsf]6n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ ! nfv ?lkof/fxt:j?k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@)_ x:taxfb'/ zfxLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( j}zfv % ut]

@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f/ !) ut]36gf:yn M ;'v]{t lhNnf l5Gr'

uflj;

325


k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL lhNnf sld6L ;b:o

:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf gfgLsf]6 uflj;–*, sf]6Lnf

j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ladnf zfxLcGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !^

ljj/0fgfgLsf]6 uflj;–* sf]6Lnfsf dfcf]jfbL 5}7f}+l8lehg sfof{nosf lhNnf sld6L ;b:o @)jifL{o x:taxfb'/ zfxLnfO{ @)%( c;f/ !) ut]l5Gr' a];SofDksf ;z:q k|x/Ln] lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no sfnLsf]6n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkof pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

kL8s kIf "g]skf dfcf]jfbL_

-@!_ k"0ff{ zfxLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@( sflQs !* ut]

#@ jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)^! c;f/ !$ ut]36gf:yn M sflnsf]6 lhNnf h'ljyf

uflj;–*, k'g]/L jf8fk]zf M cGo:yfoL 7]ufgf M sflnsf]6 lhNnf

h'ljyf uflj;–*, k'g]/L jf8f

afa'sf] gfd M dgaxfb'/ zfxLj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M la/hLt zfxL5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M ^

ljj/0fh'ljyf uflj;–*, k'g]/L jf8fsf #@ jifL{of k"0f{zfxLnfO{ @)^! c;f/ !$ ut] ;f]xL 7fFpsf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] ckx/0f u/L nu]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

-@@_ dx]Gb|axfb'/ zfxLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#& sflQs !) ut]

@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @! ut]36gf:yn M sfnLsf]6 lhNnfbfxfkm6ufFp uflj;–&, lknLk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnfbfxfkm6ufFp uflj;–#, 3f]8]gfafa'sf] gfd M lav{axfb'/ zfxLcfdfsf] gfd M k+rf zfxLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fbfxfkm6ufFp uflj;–# 3f]8]gfsf @@ jifL{odx]Gb|axfb'/ zfxLnfO{ @)%( h]7 @! ut]dfcf]jfbL sfostf{n] ckx/0f u/L nu]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

-@#_ v8fgGb rf}nfufO{hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* j}zfv !& ut]

@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%& sflQs ^ ut]36gf:yn M sfnLsf]6 ;'sfl6of

uflj;–@ k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf Pdfn]

ufFp sld6L ;b:o:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 ;'sfl6of

uflj;–@ afa'sf] gfd M lji0f'k|;fb rf}nfufO{cfdfsf] gfd M afFr' rf}nfufO{j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f;'sfl6of uflj;–@ lgjf;L g]skf Pdfn] ufFpsld6L ;b:o @! jifL{o v8fgGb rf}nfufO{nfO{

326


@)%& sflQs ^ ut]3/fo;L emu8fdfdfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n]3/}af6 ckx/0f u/Lnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.

-@$_ x+;axfb'/ adhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ sflQs !^ ut]

@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( df3 @! ut]36gf:yn M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf

lyk'{ uflj;–$k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf lyk'{

uflj;–@afa'sf] gfd M hgsaxfb'/ adcfdfsf] gfd M nnLtf adj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lxpr'nL ad5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !!

ljj/0flyk'{ uflj;–@ sf @# jifL{o x+;axfb'/ adnfO{@)%( df3 @! ut] dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm\gf] kf6L{dfcfa4 gePsf] eGb} lyk'{ uflj;–$ af6 ckx/0fu/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

-@%_ ltnsaxfb'/ /f]sfohGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@# c;f]h ^ ut]÷#&lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) h]7 @ ut]36gf:yn M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf etf{

uflj;–#, wf]n'jf8fk]zf M hfuL/, lhNnf s[lif

ljsf; a}+s pkzfvf sfof{no sfnLsf]6 cf]e/l;o/

:yfoL 7]ufgf M sfnLsf]6 lhNnf etf{ uflj;–#

afa'sf] gfd M snaxfb'/ /f]sfocfdfsf] gfd M 6'NsL /f]sfoj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /flwsf /f]sfo5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@

ljj/0fetf{ uflj;–# lgjf;LlhNnf s[lif ljsf;a}+ssf k|fljlws #&jifL{o ltnsaxfb'//f]sfonfO{ @)^) h]7!( ut] dfcf]jfbLn]dfGdaf6 3/ hfg]qmddf 3/glhs}af6

ck/x0f u/L nu]sf]df xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5.

327


$=!$ d'u'


-!_ bª\ufnL /f]sfofhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#$ d+l;/ !@ ut]

@& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! ;fn d+l;/36gf:yn M lr;fkfgL, afFs]k]zf M Hofnfbf/L:yfoL 7]ufgf M /f/f–*, lr;fkgLafa'sf] gfd M /fdaxfb'/ /f]sfofcfdfsf] gfd M ;xgL /f]sfo

ljj/0f/f/f uflj;–* sf @& jifL{o bª\ufnL /f]sfosf]@)^! d+l;/ ^ ut] ;f]xL :yfgdf ePsf] bf]xf]/f]


le8Gtdf uf]nL nfUbf b]a|]v'§f efFlrof]. :yfgLoc:ktfndf k|fyldspkrf/kl5 yk pkrf/sfnflu g]kfnu~h NofpFb}ubf{ afFs]sf] lr;fkfgLJof/]sn] pgnfO{lu/km\tf/ u/]sf]df pgsf]

cj:yf c1ft 5. kLl8t ;j{;fwf/0f lyP.


-@_ sd{l;+x a'9f hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M )#* df3 ;fpg !) ÷@#lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! k''; %36gf:yn M z]/L uflj;–#, d'u":yfoL 7]ufgf M z]/L uflj;–#afa'sf] gfd M /fd] a'9fcfdfsf] gfd M cf];/f a'9fj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fz]/L uflj;–# sf @# jifL{o sd{l;+x a'9f ;'/sLePsf] cf/f]kdf )^! k'; $ ut] g]skf dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{n] ckx/0f u/]sf]df pgsf] cj:yfxfn;Dd c1ft 5. kLl8t kl/jf/fnfO{ ;/sf/n]/fxt :j¿k s'g} ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g.

328

%=! s}nfnL%=@ c5fd%=# 8f]6L%=$ afh'/f%=% aemfª%=^ s~rgk'/%=& 88]Nw'/f%=* a}t8L%=( bfr'{nf

;'b"/klZrdf~rn



;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ s/0fl;+x 3tL{du/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @))(÷%) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) j}zfv @# ut]36gf:yn M s}nfnL lhNnf df]xGofn

uflj;–%, lhld§]k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M s}nfnL lhNnf df]xGofn

uflj;–%, lhld§]afa'sf] gfd M /fdklt 3tL{du/j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M /ldtfb]jL 3tL{du/

ljj/0fdf]xGofn uflj;–%, lhld§] lgjf;L dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ %) jifL{o s/0fl;+x 3tL{du/nfO{ )^)j}zfv @# ut] ;'/IffsdL{n] 3/af6} lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

-@_ eLd lu/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@%÷#% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ !& ut]36gf:yn M sf7df8f}+ dgkf–!^,

:joDe'k]zf M /fhgLlt -dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M s}nfnL km'naf/L

uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M wgL lu/Lcfdfsf] gfd M xs{dtL lu/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fkm'naf/L uflj;–& lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ #%jifL{o eLd lu/LnfO{ )^) d+l;/ !& ut] ;fbfkf]zf;sf ;'/IffsdL{n] sf7df8f}+ dgkf–!^,:joDe'af6 lgoGq0fdf lnPkl5 xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.

-#_ lagf]bs'df/ rf}w/L hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* c;f]h ^ ut]÷#) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @& ut]36gf:yn M s}nfnL lhNnf /fdlzv/

emfnf uflj;–&, /ltk'/k]zf M /fhgLlt -dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M s}nfnL lhNnf pbf;Lk'/

uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M efu'/fdbQ rf}w/L cfdfsf] gfd M kfj{tLb]jL rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M s[i0fb]jL rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !

ljj/0fpbf;Lk'/ uflj;–&lgjf;L #) jifL{odfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{lagf]baxfb'/ rf}w/LnfO{dfcf]jfbL kf6L{sf]k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf;xefuL x'g] qmddf

;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n] )%* kmfu'g @& ut]/fdlzv/emfnf uflj;–&, /ltk'/af6 lu/ˆtf/u/]sf]df xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

-$_ hfgsL rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* dª\l;/ !& ut]÷@) jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t ( ut]36gf:yn M s}nfnL lhNnf gf/fo0fk'/

uflj;–*, kbdk'/

331

%=! s}nfnL


k]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M s}nfnL lhNnf gf/fo0fk'/

uflj;–*, kbdk'/afa'sf] gfd M u'/xf rf}w/L cfdfsf] gfd M ;]tLb]jL rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fgf/fo0fk'/ uflj;–*,kbdk'/ lgjf;L dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ @) jifL{ofhfgsL rf}w/LnfO{ )%*r}t ( ut] ;+o'Qm;'/Iffkmf}hn] 3/af6}lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf

c1ft 5. ;'/IffsdL{n] lu/km\tf/ u/L pgsf] xToful/;s]sf] eGb} kLl8t kl/jf/n] d[To' btf{ u/fO{lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 /fxt:j?k ! nfv?lkofFF lnPsf 5g\.

-%_ afw'/fd 8uf}/fhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@*÷#! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !# ut]36gf:yn M s}nfnL lhNnf b/v

uflj;–%k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M s}nfnL lhNnf

sf]6ft'N;Lk'/ uflj;–&, ;'j/vfn

afa'sf] gfd M ;f]xgnfn 8uf}/fcfdfsf] gfd M ;gdL 8uf}/fj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M a]nf}tLb]jL 8uf}/f5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M $

ljj/0fsf]6ft'N;Lk'/ uflj;–&, ;'j/vfnsf #! jifL{oafw'/fd 8uf}/fnfO{ )%( ebf} !# ut] k|x/Ln]

lu/km\tf/ u/L ;'Vv8Aof/]sdf nu]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. lu/km\tf/u/]sf] s]xL lbgkl5 b/vuflj;–% sf] h+undfnuL xTof u/]sf]afw'/fdsL kTgLn]

atfPklg pgsf] nf; km]nf k/]sf] 5}g. kLl8tkl/jf/n] afw'/fdsf] d[To' btf{ u/L /fxt:j?klhNnf k|zf;g sfof{noaf6 ! nfv ?lkofFFF lnPsf5g\

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-^_ cfzf/fd rf}w/L hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ j}zfv !! ut]÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) ebf} @% ut]36gf:yn M s}nfnL lhNnf dfnfv]tL

uflj;–*k]zf M /fhgLlt -dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M s}nfnL lhNnf ka]/f

uflj;–^afa'sf] gfd M x]n'/fd rf}w/L cfdfsf] gfd M ;f]dtL rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fka]/f uflj;–^ lgjf;L!* jifL{o dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ cfzf/fdrf}w/LnfO{ cQl/ofahf/df 3'ld/x]sf]cj:yfdf )^) ebf} @%ut] t]3/L Jof/]saf6cfPsf] ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/

u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

-&_ s';'ds'df/L rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$!÷!* jif{

332


lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs @& ut]36gf:yn M s}nfnL lhNnf ehgL

uflj;–*, sf9fk]zf M /fhgLlt:yfoL 7]ufgf M s}nfnL lhNnf

ehgL uflj;–*, sf9fafa'sf] gfd M dx]z/fd 8uf}/fcfdfsf] gfd M /kfb]jL 8uf}/fj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fehgL uflj;–*, sf9flgjf;L dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ !* jifL{ofs';'ds'df/L rf}w/LnfO{3/df al;/x]sf]cj:yfdf )%( sflQs@& ut] ;]gfn] lu/km\tf/u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd

pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

-*_ s'df/L bdfO{ hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$^ c;f]h ^ ut]÷!# jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h * ut]36gf:yn M s}nfnL lhNnf d;'l/of

uflj;–!, c08}ofk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M s}nfnL lhNnf d;'l/of

uflj;–!, c08}ofafa'sf] gfd M u+ug bdfO{cfdfsf] gfd M af6L bdfO{j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fd;'l/of uflj;–!, c08}ofsL !# jifL{of s'df/LbdfO{nfO{ 3/df vfgf ksfO/x]sf] cj:yfdfdfcf]jfbLsf] cf/f]kdf ;]gfn] )%( c;f]h * ut]3/af6 lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.

-(_ k|;fbL 8uf}/fhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!)÷$( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( k'; @) ut]36gf:yn M s}nfnL lhNnf ehgL

uflj;–# k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M s}nfnL lhNnf ehgL

uflj;–&cfdfsf] gfd M a'emfpgL rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

ljj/0fehgL uflj;–& sf $( jifL{o k|;fbL 8uf}/fnfO{dfcf]jfbL ePs]f cf/f]kdf )%( k'; @) ut]ehgL Aof/]saf6 u:tLdf cfPsf] ;]gfn] ehgLuflj;–& af6 lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-!)_ u0f]zaxfb'/ adhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@*÷#@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if 36gf ldlt M @)^) h]7 % ut]36gf:yn M s}nfnL lhNnf lgufnL

uflj;–&k]zf M /fhgLlt -Pdfn] ufpF

sld6L ;lrj_:yfoL 7]ufgf M s}nfnL uflj; lgufnL

uflj;–&afa'sf] gfd M tf/fl;+x adcfdfsf] gfd M wf?b]jL adj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kb\dfb]jL ad5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0flgufnL uflj;–& lgjf;L Pdfn] ufpF sld6L;lrj #@ jifL{o u0f]zaxfb'/ adnfO{ )^) h]7 %ut] dfcf]jfbL kf6L{df gnfu]sf] cf/f]kdf

333


zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-!_ rGb|/fh kf08]ohGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#! j}zfv ! ut]÷#)jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! r}t #) ut]36gf:yn M 8f]6L lhNnf 5ltjg

uflj;–@k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M c5fd lhNnf n'ª\uf

uflj;–#j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fn'ª\uf uflj;–# sfrGb|/fh kf08]onfO{ef/taf6 3/kmls{/x]s]f cj:yfdf)^! r}t #) ut] 8f]6LlhNnfsf] 5ltjguflj;–@ l:yt a'8/


dfcf]jfbLn] 3/af6 ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]df pgsf]cj:yf xfn;Dd c1ft 5.

-!!_ nIdLk|;fb rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) c;f]h !% ut]÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) r}t @$ ut]36gf:yn M s}nfnL lhNnf d;'l/of

uflj;–%k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M s}nfnL lhNnf x;'lnof

uflj;–^, ;]d/Lk'/afa'sf] gfd M dlg/fd yf?cfdfsf] gfd M lznfs'df/Lb]jL rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fx;'lnof uflj;–^ sf@) jifL{o nIdLk|;fbrf}w/LnfO{ dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{n] d;'l/ofdfsfd 5 egL )^) r}t@$ ut] nu]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5.

-!@_ dfgaxfb'/ adhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( df3 @% ut]÷!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) c;f/ @! ut]36gf:yn M s}nfnL lhNnf /fdlzv/

emfnf uflj;–*k]zf M k|x/L hjfg, lhNnf k|x/L

sfof{no afh'/:yfoL 7]ufgf M s}nfnL lhNnf /fdlzv/

emfnf uflj;–*afa'sf] gfd M lbkaxfb'/ adj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f/fdlzv/emfnf uflj;–* lgjf;L lhNnf k|x/L

sfof{no afh'/fdfsfo{/t k|x/L hjfg !(jifL{o dfgaxfb'/adnfO{ )^) c;f/ @!ut] dfcf]jfbLn] 3/af6}ckx/0f u/L nu]sf]dfpgsf] cj:yf xfn;Ddc1ft 5. o'lgkmfO8

sdf08sf] tflnd lngsf nflu s}nfnLl:yt t]3/LJof/]sdf cfPsf a]nf pgL kl/jf/nfO{ e]6\g 3/cfPsf lyP. g]kfn ;/sf/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ &nfv %) xhf/ /fxt:j?k pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

334

%=@ c5fd


Aof/]sdf r]srfFhsf nflu nfOg a:bf ;]gfn]lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]sf]df xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. g]kfn /]8qm;n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k & xhf/ ?lkofF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@_ ef]h ldhf/hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@( c;f/ $ ut]÷#@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! c;f]h & ut]36gf:yn M 8f]6L lhNnf lbkfon

l;nu9L gkf–&k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M c5fd lhNnf ltldN;]g

uflj;–$afa'sf] gfd M e}/] ldhf/cfdfsf] gfd M sf}lznf ldhf/j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cd[tf ldhf/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M !%

ljj/0fltldN;]g uflj;–$ sf#@ jifL{o ef]hldhf/nfO{ ef/taf6 3/kmls{/x]s]f cj:yfdf)^! c;f]h & ut] 8f]6LlhNnfsf] lbkfonl;nu9L gkf–& lkkNnfahf/af6 ;]gfn]

lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5.

-#_ cDd/ /f]sfof hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)!@ ;fpg % ut]÷$^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g ^ ut]36gf:yn M s}nfnL lhNnf dfnfv]tL

uflj;–*k]zf M s[lif

:yfoL 7]ufgf M c5fd lhNnf /fdf/f]zg uflj;–(, kftn

afa'sf] gfd M dg/f]d /f]sfofj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt

ljj/0f/fdf/f]zg uflj;–(, kftnsf $^ jifL{o cDd//f]sfofnfO{ )%* kmfu'g ^ ut] a;af6 s}nfnLuO/x]sf] cj:yfdf s}nfnL lhNnfsf] dfnfv]tLuflj;–* l:yt t]3/L Aof/]sdf ;]gfn] r]shfFrsf]qmddf lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.

335


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ uª\uf/fd ;fsL{ hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@#÷#^ jif{ lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !( ut] 36gf:yn M 8f]6L lhNnf j5}{g

uflj;–*k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M 8f]6L lhNnf 3fª\un

uflj;–%, d'n]rf}/afa'sf] gfd M anaxfb'/ ;fsL{j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M $÷& cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M %

ljj/0f3fª\un uflj;–%, d'n]rf}/sf #^ jifL{o uª\uf/fd;fsL{nfO{ 3/df sfdul//x]sf] ;dodf )%(j}zfv !( ut] ;'/IffsdL{n]

%=# 8f]6L


lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]sf]df xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no 8f]6Ln] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-@_ b]jLs'df/L cfrfo{ hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@@ ebf} @^ ut]÷#& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !( ut]36gf:yn M 8f]6L lhNnf 3f]]ª\un

uflj;–%k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M 8f]6L lhNnf 3f]]ª\un

uflj;–%j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M 6]s/fh cfrfo{5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷%cGo cfl>t ;ª\Vof M *

ljj/0f3fª\un uflj;–% sL #& jifL{of b]jLs'df/Lcfrfo{nfO{ )%( j}zfv !( ut] ;'/IffsdL{n]lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]sf]df xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-#_ t]h/fh lagf8L hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% ebf} @% ut]÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( dª\\l;/ @^ ut]36gf:yn M s}nfnL lhNnf /fdlzv/

emfnf uflj;–&k]zf M cWoog:yfoL 7]ufgf M 8f]6L lhNnf ;ftkm]/L

uflj;–&, hf]/f3f6afa'sf] gfd M kbd/fh lagf8Lcfdfsf] gfd M nIdLb]jL lagf8Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

336

%=$ afh'/fkL8s kIf -;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{, zfxLg]kfnL ;]gf / g]kfn k|x/L_

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-!_ xl/ ljshGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) ;fpg % ut]÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^) dª\l;/ ( ut]36gf:yn M bfr'{nk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL ;]gf, ;]S;g sdf08/_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M afh'/f lhNnf ;fKkf6f uflj;–(, d'lQmsf]6

afa'sf] gfd M u/] ljscfdfsf] gfd M nfn;/f ljsj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f;fKkf6f uflj;–(, d'lQmsf]6 lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL;]gf ;]S;g sdf08/ @) jifL{o xl/ ljsnfO{)^) dª\l;/ ( ut] ;]gfn] bfr'{nf lhNnfaf6lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5.

ljj/0f;ftkm]/L uflj;–&,hf]/f3f6 sf @$ jifL{ot]h/fh lagf8LnfO{s}nfnL lhNnf/fdlzv/emfnf uflj;–&3/df al;/x]sf]cj:yfdf )%( dª\l;/@^ ut] dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{x¿n] sfd 5 egL nu]kl5 xfn;Ddpgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.


:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf >Lk'/ uflj;–$, df]tLk'/

afa'sf] gfd M lrNn'/fd rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M /fdsnL rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f>Lk'/ uflj;–$df]tLk'/sf !$ jifL{owgL/fd rf}w/LnfO{ )%(dª\l;/ @^ ut] ;]gfn]>Lk'/ uflj;–@ es'08fsf]n'df sfd ul//x]sf]cj:yfdf lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf

k|zf;g sfof{no s~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-#_ s[i0faxfb'/ rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* ebf} @# ut]÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !) ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf z+s/k'/


dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf

b]vte'nL uflj;–^, l;snk§L

afa'sf] gfd M /fdaxfb'/ rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M gf]x/L rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fb]vte'nL uflj;–^, l;snk§L lgjf;L dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ @) jifL{o s[i0faxfb'/ rf}w/LnfO{ @)%*kmfu'g !) ut] ;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{n] z+s/k'/uflj;–! s~hdf af6f]af6 lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g

337


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ ;h'{g /fgfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ r}t % ut]÷@# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h !) ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf b}hL

uflj;–(, /fgfb}hLk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf

b}hL uflj;–(, /fgfb}hLafa'sf] gfd M /fdgfy /fgfcfdfsf] gfd M laNnf /fgfj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M w'dgL /fgf

ljj/0fb}hL uflj;–(,/fgfb}hLsf @# jifL{o;h'{g /fgfnfO{ )%(c;f]h !) ut] ;+o'Qm;'/IffsdL{n] 3/af6lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. lhNnf

k|zf;g sfof{no s~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFF“ pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@_ wgL/fd rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$% ;fpg @! ut]÷!$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( dª\l;/ @^ ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf >Lk'/

uflj;–@ k]zf M Hofnfbf/L

%=^ s~rgk'/


sfof{no s~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-$_ ;'/]z /fgfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#@ ebf} !) ut]÷@@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h !) ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf b}hL

uflj;–(, /fgfb}hLk]zf M lzIf0f, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf b}hL

uflj;–(, /fgfb}hLafa'sf] gfd M clg?b| /fgfcfdfsf] gfd M gGbsnL /fgfj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M km'nb]jL /fgf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @

ljj/0fb}hL uflj;–(, /fgfb}hL lgjf;L dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ @@ jifL{o ;'/]z /fgfnfO{ )%( c;f]h!) ut] ;'/IffsdL{n] 3/af6} lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no s~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfaf6-%_ /fhs'df/ rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* dª\l;/ # ut]÷@) jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t !^ ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf z+s/k'/

uflj;–*, b'ª\ufk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf z+s/k'/

uflj;–*, b'ª\ufafa'sf] gfd M ;3gaxfb'/ rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M /fds'df/L rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M clgtf rf]w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fz+s/k'/ uflj;–*,b'ª\ufsf @) jifL{o/fhs'df/ rf}w/LnfO{)%* r}t !^ ut] ;]gfn]3/af6 lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no

s~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv?lkofFFF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-^_ 1fg'l;+x rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! ebf} !@ ut]÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( dª\l;/ % ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf

b]vte'nL uflj;–(, s6fg


:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf b]vte'nL uflj;–(, s6fg

afa'sf] gfd M hut/fd rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M hf]vgL rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M cljjflxt

ljj/0fb]vte'nL uflj;–(,s6fg lgjf;L !* jifL{odfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{1fg'l;+x rf}w/LnfO{ )%(dª\l;/ % ut] ;]gfn]3/af6} lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf



-&_ /fh' /fgfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$) j}zfv !@ ut]÷!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( dª\l;/ % ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf

b]vte'nL uflj;–*, e'nLk]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf

b]vte'nL uflj;–*, e'nLafa'sf] gfd M rd? /fgfcfdfsf] gfd M 3'DgLb]jL /fgfj}jflxsl:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fb]vte'nL uflj;–*,e'nL lgjf;L dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ !( jifL{{o /fh'/fgfnfO{ )%( dª\l;/% ut] ;]gfn] 3/af6}lu/km\tf u/L nu]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. lhNnf


-*_ Zofd/fh /fgfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* h]7 !% ut]÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} !@ ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf z+s/k'/

uflj;–!k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf

b]vte'nL uflj;–*, e'nLafa'sf] gfd M efb' /fgfj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kfj{tL /fgf5f]/f÷5f]/L;ª\Vof M !÷!

ljj/0fb]vte'nL uflj;–* sf@! jifL{o Zofd/fh/fgfnfO{ )%( ebf} !@ut] pgsf] 3/ hfg]af6f]af6 lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no

s~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv?lkofFFF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-(_ k/dnf}6L s'df/L rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$# sflQs !# ut]÷!% jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !# ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf

b]vte'nL uflj;–(, j}jfxk§L


:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf b]vte'nL uflj;–(, s6fg

afa'sf] gfd M ;'Gb/k|;fb rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M nIdL rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fb]vte'nL uflj;–(,s6fg lgjf;L dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ !% jifL{ok/dnf}6L s'df/Lrf}w/LnfO{ )%* kmfu'g!# ut] ;]gfn] ;f]xLuflj;l:yt j}jfxk§Laf6lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5

xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no s~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.


-!)_ efuL/fd rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! ebf} % ut]÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( dª\l;/ @^ ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf >Lk'/

uflj;–%k]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf >Lk'/

uflj;–%, df]tLk'/afa'sf] gfd M lrGt'/fd rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M /fdb'nf/L rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f>Lk'/ uflj;–%, df]tLk'/sf !* jifL{o efuL/fdrf}w/LnfO{ )%( dª\l;/ @^ ut] 3/df ;'lt/x]sf]a]nf lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nos~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv?lkofFFF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!!_ ;'Gb/ rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$% sflQs @! ut]÷!$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} @( ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf lkknf8L

uflj;–^, lkknf8Lk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf lkknf8L

uflj;–^, lkknf8Lafa'sf] gfd M snª\uaxfb'/ rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M l/l;of rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0flkknf8L uflj;–^ lknf8Lsf !$ jifL{o ;'Gb/rf}w/LnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf )%( ebf}@( ut] pgs} 3/af6 lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no s~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!@_ k|sfz rf}w/L hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$^ df3 @@ ut]÷!# jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} @(36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf

lkknf8L uflj;–^, lkknf8L

k]zf M cWoog -/fli6«o pRr dflj, lkknf8L_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf lkknf8L uflj;–^, lkknf8L

afa'sf] gfd M ;'/t rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M a]kmlgof rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0flkknf8L uflj;–^,lkknf8Lsf !# jifL{ok|sfz rf}w/LnfO{dfcf]jfbL ePsf]cf/f]kdf )%( ebf}@( ut] ;]gfn] 3/af6lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5xfn;Dd pgsf]

cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nos~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv?lkofFFF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!#_ ldnfk /fgfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) h]7 !$ ut]÷@( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( sflQs !% ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf

b]vte'nL uflj;–@k]zf M lzIf0f, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

Pl/of sld6L ;b:o:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf

b}hL uflj;–(, /fgfb}hLafa'sf] gfd M /+ugGbg /fgfcfdfsf] gfd M l;nf]rgf /fgf


j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M sdnf /fgf5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M )÷@

ljj/0fb}hL uflj;–(, /fgfb}hL lgjf;L dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ @( jifL{o ldnfk /fgfnfO{ ;]gfn] )%(sflQs !% ut] b]vte'nL uflj;–@ kl;{ofl:yt;]N6/af6 lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nos~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv?lkofFFF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!$_ e'jg lji6hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$^ c;f]h @# ut]÷!@ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* r}t @ ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf a]n8f“8L

uflj;–$, /tgk'/k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf

a]n8f“8L uflj;–$, /tgk'/afa'sf] gfd M s]zj lji6j}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fa]n8fF8L uflj;–$, /tgk'/sf !@ jifL{o e'jglji6nfO{ )%* r}t @ ut] ;]gfn] 3/af6}lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no s~rgk'/n]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!%_ axfb'/ rf}w/L hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@$÷#$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @@ ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNNff /fdk'/

ljnf;k'/ uflj;–!k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_

:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNNff j]n8f“8L uflj;–@, a}jfx

afa'sf] gfd M ljhNof rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M tlxof rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M hodtL rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷@

ljj/0fj]n8fF8L uflj;–@, a}jfx lgjf;L dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ axfb'/ rf}w/LnfO{ ef/tLo ;Ldf ;'/Iffan -P;P;aL_ n] lu/km\tf/ u/L ;]gfnfO{ ;'k'b{uLu/]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no s~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!^_ lhpwg rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## j}zfv !)÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @@ ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNNff /fdk'/

ljnf;k'/ uflj;–!k]zf M /fhgLlt -g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{_:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNNff

j]n8f“8L uflj;–@, a}jfxafa'sf] gfd M a'l4/fd rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M e]7gL rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M e7lgof rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷!

ljj/0fj]n8fF8L uflj;–@, a}jfx lgjf;L dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ @% jifL{o lhpwg rf}w/Lnfo{ )%*kmfu'g @@ ut] ef/tLo ;Ldf ;'/Iff an -P;P;aL_ n] lu/km\tf/ u/L ;]gfnfO{ ;'k'b{uLu/]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no s~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.


-!&_ ch'{g wfdLhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#* ;fpg @@ ut]÷@! jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( df3 @& ut]36gf:yn M af“s] lhNnf g]kfnu~h gkfk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf emnf/L

uflj;–@, h'8fafa'sf] gfd M hob]j wfdLcfdfsf] gfd M zflGt wfdLj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0f emnf/L uflj;–@, h'8f lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{@! jifL{o ch'{g wfdLnfO{ )%( df3 @& ut];]gfn] afFs] lhNnfsf] g]kfn~haf6 lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no s~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!*_ nN6' rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#( dª\l;/ @@ ut]÷!( jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !@ ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf s[i0fk'/

uflj;–(, an]jfkmf“6fk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf

s[i0fk'/ uflj;–^afa'sf] gfd M na? rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M zf]efdtL rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fs[i0fk'/ uflj;–^ lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ !(jifL{o nN6' rf}w/LnfO{ )%( kmfu'g !@ ut] ;]gnf]s[i0fk'/ uflj;–(, an]jfkmfF6fdf af6f]af6lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no s~rgk'/n]

kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-!(_ ls;g rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$$ dª\l;/ !% ut]÷!$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !# ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf s[i0fk'/

uflj;–!, ;'Gb/LkmfF6fk]zf M ljBfyL{, cg'/f:jljo'

qmflGtsf/L :yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf s[i0fk'/

uflj;–(afa'sf] gfd M rGb|nfn rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M rDkmL rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fs[i0fk'/ uflj;–(lgjf;L cg]/f:jljo'qmflGtsf/L sfo{stf{ !$jifL{o ls;g rf}w/LnfO{)%* kmfu'g !# ut];]gfn]] s[i0fk'/ uflj;–!,; ' G b / L k m f F 6 f a f 6lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5

xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;gsfof{no s~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@)_ l;tf/fd rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$! h]7 @@ ut]÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( c;f]h # ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf emnf/L

uflj;–$, gf}v/Lk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf emnf/L

uflj;–$, gf}v/Lafa'sf] gfd M afa'/fd rf}w/L


cfdfsf] gfd M cfzL rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0femnf/L uflj;–$, gf}v/L lgjf;L dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ !* jifL{o l;tf/fd rf}w/LnfO{ )%(c;f]h # ut] ;]gfn] 3/af6 lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no s~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@!_ lx/dfg rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@% sflQs @& ut]÷## jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g !# ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf b]vte'nL

uflj;–(, j}jfxk§Lk]zf M lzIfs, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf s[i0fk'/

uflj;–^, df}jfkmf“6fafa'sf] gfd M b'jfnL rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M ;Gtf]nL rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M lgd{nf rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L;ª\Vof M @÷@

ljj/0fs[i0fk'/ uflj;–^,df}jfkmfF6f lgjf;Ldfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ ##jifL{o lx/dfg rf}w/LnfO{)%( kmfu'g !# ut];]gfn] b]vte'nLuflj;–(, j}jfxk§L l:yt;]N6/af6 lu/km\tf/ u/L

nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no s~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@@_ xl/l;+x rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$)÷!* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* sflQs @@ ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf

b]vte'nL uflj;–(, s6fgk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf

s[i0fk'/ uflj;–(, aGhl/ofafa'sf] gfd M wghLp rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M k'Gofb]jL rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fs[i0fk'/ uflj;–(,aGhl/ofsf !* jifL{oxl/l;+x rf}w/LnfO{)%* sflQs @@ ut];]gfn] b]vte'nLuflj;–(, s6fgdfsfd ul//x]sf]cj:yfdf lu/km\tf/

u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no s~rgk'/n] kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFF pknAwu/fPsf] 5.

-@#_ k'gf/fd rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#) ;fpg @& ut]÷@* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%* kmfu'g @! ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf lkknf8L

uflj;–@, k8fj k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

Pl/of sld6L ;b:o 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf lkknf8L

uflj;–(, an'jfkmf“6fafa'sf] gfd M dga'emf}gf rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M ef]hnL rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxt


klt÷kTgLsf] gfd M kmu'gLb]jL rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M !÷@

ljj/0flkknf8L uflj;–(,an'jfkmfF6f lgjf;Ldfcf]jfbL Pl/of sld6L;b:o @* jifL{o k'gf/fdrf}w/LnfO{ ;]gfn] )%*kmfu'g @! ut] lkknf8Luflj;–@, k8fjl:yt;]N6/af6 lu/km\tf/

u/kl5 xfn;Dd pgs]f cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no s~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@$_ tf/fgfy rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)## h]7 % ut]÷@^ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( dª\l;/ % ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf s[i0fk'/

uflj;–(, an'jfkmf“6fk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf dfcf]jfbL

Pl/of sld6L ;b:o:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf s[i0fk'/

uflj;–(, an'jfkmf“6fafa'sf] gfd M tgs/fd rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M c+ulgof rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ljb]zgLb]jL rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷)

ljj/0fs[i0fk'/ uflj;–(, an'jfkmfF6f lgjf;L dfcf]jfbLPl/of sld6L ;b:o @^ jifL{o tf/fgfy rf}w/LnfO{)%( dª\l;/ % ut] ;]gfn] 3/af6} lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5. lhNnfk|zf;g sfof{no s~rgk'/n] kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{/fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFF pknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@%_ h'u/fd rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@! ;fpg @) ut]÷#* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( dª\l;/ % ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf s[i0fk'/

uflj;–(, an'jfkmf“6fk]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf s[i0fk'/

uflj;–(, an'jfkmf“6fj}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M k/d]Zj/L rf}w/L5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M @÷)

ljj/0fs[i0fk'/ uflj;–(, an'jfkmfF6f lgjf;L dfcf]jfbLsfo{stf{ #* jifL{o h'u/fd rf}w/LnfO{ )%(dª\l;/ % ut] ;]gfn] 3/df ;'lt/x]sf] a]nflu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yfc1ft 5. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no s~rgk'/n]kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt:j?k ! nfv ?lkofFFFpknAw u/fPsf] 5.

-@^_ dw's'df/L rf}w/LhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$% h]7 @# ut]÷!$ jif{lnª\u M dlxnf36gf ldlt M @)%( ebf} @( ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf lkknf8L

uflj;–^, lkknf8Lk]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M s~rgk'/ lhNnf lkknf8L

uflj;–^, lkknf8Lafa'sf] gfd M 5]b'nfn rf}w/Lcfdfsf] gfd M c:t'l/of rf}w/Lj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0flkknf8L uflj;–^lkknf8Lsf !$ jifL{ofdw's'df/L rf}w/LnfO{dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf


)%( ebf} @( ut] ;]gfn] 3/}af6 lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5 .


;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{af6-!_ xs{axfb'/ a'9fdu/ hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#^ sflQs !) ut]÷@% jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)^! h]7 !) ut]36gf:yn M s~rgk'/ lhNnf bf]wf/f

uflj;–!k]zf M /fhgLlt, g]skf

dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{:yfoL 7]ufgf M 88]nw'/f lhNnf lzif{

uflj;–@afa'sf] gfd M sdfg a'9fdu/cfdfsf] gfd M wg;/L a'9fdu/j}jflxs l:ylt M ljjflxtklt÷kTgLsf] gfd M ?kfb]jL a'9fdu/5f]/f÷5f]/L ;ª\Vof M #÷!

ljj/0flzif{ uflj;–@ lgjf;L dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{ @%jifL{o xs{axfb'/ a'9fdu/nfO{ )^! h]7 !) ut];'/IffsdL{n] s~rgk'/ lhNnfsf] bf]wf/f uflj;–!af6 lu/km\tf/ u/L nu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf]cj:yf c1ft 5.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-@_ eLdaxfb'/ 8fªfhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)$@ ;fpg @^ ut]÷!& jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( j}zfv !)

36gf:yn M 88]nw'/f lhNnf au/sf]6 uflj;–&, au/sf]6

k]zf M ljBfyL{:yfoL 7]ufgf M 88]nw'/f lhNnf

au/sf]6 uflj;–$, ;]nfafa'sf] gfd M bfgl;+x 8fªfcfdfsf] gfd M x¿b]jL 8fªfj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fau/sf]6 uflj;–$,;]nfsf !& jifL{oeLdaxfb'/ 8fªfnfO{)%( j}zfv !) ut]dfcf]jfbL OnfsfOGrfh{n] ;/:jtL dfljau/sf]6af6 nu]b]lvxfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf

c1ft 5. dfcf]jfbL g]tfx¿sf] egfOcg';f/dsjfgk'/sf] kmfk/af/Ldf ;fdfg lsGg uPsfa]nf ToxLFaf6 pgL gkms]{sf x'g\.

-#_ dfgaxfb'/ ;fpbhGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)#% df3 !* ut]÷@$ jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%( h]7 @( ut]36gf:yn M ;Nofg lhNnf bfdfrf}/

uflj;–(k]zf M k|x/L hjfg:yfoL 7]ufgf M 88]nw'/f lhNnf lzif{

uflj;–&, s6fnafa'sf] gfd M nfnaxfb'/ ;fpbj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0flzif{ uflj;–&, s6fnsf @$ jifL{o dfgaxfb'/;fpbnfO{ )%( h]7 @( ut] ;Nofg lhNnfbfdfrf}/ uflj;–( df ;+o'Qm ;'/IffsdL{ /dfcf]jfbLlar ePsf] le8Gtkl5 dfcf]jfbLn] a]kQfkf/].

%=& 88]Nw'/f


:yfoL 7]ufgf M a}t8L lhNnf dxfsfnL uflj;–^, d6]nf

afa'sf] gfd M dbgaxfb'/ rGbcfdfsf] gfd M hoGtLb]jL rGbj}jflxs l:ylt M cljjflxt

ljj/0fdxfsfnL uflj;–^, d6]nfsf @& jifL{o/d]zaxfb'/ rGbnfO{ dfcf]jfbL ePsf] cf/f]kdf)%( sflQs $ ut] 3/}af6 lu/km\tf/ u/Lnu]kl5 xfn;Dd pgsf] cj:yf c1ft 5.

kL8s kIf g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6-@_ slj/fh e§hGd ldlt÷pd]/ M @)@* h]7 * ut]÷@* jif{lnª\u M k'?if36gf ldlt M @)%^ h]7 @@ ut]36gf:yn M a}t8L lhNnf ef}g]nL

uflj;–(, lah'nfk]zf M s[lif:yfoL 7]ufgf M a}t8L lhNnf ef}g]nL

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346

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cg'!"rL M ! ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf a]kQfePsfx¿sf] gfdfjnL

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27 k|]dk|;fb uf}td #@ jif{ sfe|]kf]v/Lrf}/L

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28 /fdk|;fb bfxfn #$ jif{ sfe|]sfe|] uflj;

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32 /fhs'df/ sfsL{ #* jif{ sfe|]rnfn

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dWoklZrdf~rn If]qbfª


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55 xl/nfn rf}w/L ## jif{ bfª km"njf/L uflj;–& cfˆg} 3/af6@)^@ ebf}

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cfkm\gf] kmf}hbf/L sfg'gdf ck/fw sfod ug]{ s'/flglZrt ug{sf nflu cfjZos pkfox¿ckgfpg]5g\.

wf/f %hah{:t a]kQfsf] Jofks / ;'lgof]lht

cEof; ;Da4 cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gn] kl/efiffu/]cg';f/ dfgjtf lj?4sf] ck/fw x'G5 / To:tf];Da4 cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gdf Joj:yf ePcg';f/sf]kl/0ffd cfslif{t x'g]5.

wf/f ^!= x/]s /fHokIfn] kmf}hbf/L ¿kdf pQ/bfoL

agfpgsf nflu cfjZos pkfox¿ckgfpg]5g\, sDtLdf M

-s_ hah{:t a]kQf kfg]{, kfg{ cfb]z lbg],k'g/fj[lQ ug{]] jf pS;fpg], a]kQf kfg{ pBf]uug]{, dltof/ /xg] jf ;xefuL x'g] h'g;'s}JolQmnfO{,

-v_ tfn'sjfnf JolQmnfO{, h;n]M-!_ cfkm\gf] k|efjsf/L clVtof/L jf lgoGq0fdf

/x]sf dftxtjfnfn] hah{:t a]kQf kfg]{ck/fw ub}{ u/]sf] jf ug{ nfu]sf] s'/f :ki6;ª\s]t ug]{ ;"rgf yfxf kfPsf] jf hfgfhfgcgfb/ u/]sf] lyof],

-@_ hah{:t a]kQf kfg]{ ck/fw;Fu ;DalGwtlqmofsnfk pk/sf] k|efjsf/L pQ/bfloTj /lgoGq0fsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/]sf] lyof], /

-#_ cfkm\gf] clVtof/leq ha/h:t a]kQf kfg]{sfo{sf] /f]Sg jf jzdf lng jf o:tf] s'/fsf]cg';Gwfg / cleof]hgsf nflu ;Ifd

clwsf/Lx¿ ;dIf k|:t't ug{ ;a} cfjZos/ plrt pkfox¿ gckgfPsf],

-u_ dflyNnf] pk–cg'R5]b -v_ ;}lgs ;dfb]zsjf ;}lgs ;dfb]zs;/x sfd ug]{ s'g}JolQmnfO{ nfu" x'g] ;Da4 cGt/f{li6«osfg'gcGtu{tsf] pQ/bfloTjsf pRrdfkb08x¿;Fu k"jf{u|x/lxt 5.

@= s'g} klg u}/;}lgs, ;}lgs jf cGo ;fj{hlgsclwsf/Lsf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zg hah{:ta]kQfsf] s;"/sf] cf}lrTo k'li6sf lgldQofrg x'g ;Sg]5}g.

wf/f &!= x/]s /fHokIfn] hah{:t a]kQfsf] s;"/nfO{

o;sf] r/d uDeL/tfnfO{ Vofn /fVg]lx;fasf] pko'Qm ;hfox¿åf/f b08gLoagfpg]5g\.

@= x/]s /fHokIfn] Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sg]5g\ M-s_ zdgsf/L kl/l:ylt, vf;u/L a]kQf kfl/Psf]

JolQmnfO{ hLljt} cufl8 Nofpg jf hah{:tLa]kQfsf] 36gfaf/] :ki6 kfg{ ;Dej agfPsf]jf hah{:t a]kQfsf s;"/bf/ -kL8s_klxrfg ug{df k|efjsf/L tl/sfn] ;xof]uug]{ kfg]{, kfg{ cfb]z lbg], k'g/fj[lQ ug{] jfaxsfpg], a]kQf kfg{ pBf]u ug]{, dltof//xg] jf ;xefuL x'g] JolQmsf lgldQ,

-v_ cGo kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlwl;t k"jf{u|xo'Qm gx'g]u/L, pQ]hs kl/l:ylt, vf;u/L a]kQfkfl/Psf] JolQmsf] d[To' jf ue{jtL dlxnf,gfafns, cIfdtfo'Qm JolQm jf cGo vf;lsl;dsf lgD5/f JolQmx¿sf] hah{:ta]kQf kfg]{ sfo{ ul/Psf] s'/fdf.

wf/f *wf/f % k|lt k"jf{u|x g/fvL,!= hah{:t a]kQfsf ;DaGwdf xbDofbsf]

sfg'gL Joj:yf /fVg] /fHokIfn] kmf}hbf/Lsf/afxLsf] xbDofbM

-s_ nfdf] / o; s;"/sf] r/d uDeL/tf;Fu;dfg'kflts x'g] u/L,

-v_ c6'6 k|s[ltnfO{ Vofn /fvL ha/h:t

356


a]kQfsf] s;"/ k"/f ePsf] If0faf6 k|f/De x'g]u/L lglZrt kfg{sf nflu cfjZospkfox¿ ckgfpg]5g\.

@= x/]s /fHokIfn] hah{:t a]kQfsfkLl8tx¿sf] xbDofbleq k|efjsf/Lpkrf/sf clwsf/ k|Tofe"t ug]{5g\.

wf/f (!= x/]s /fHokIfx¿n] hah{:t a]kQfsf]

s;"/pk/ If]qflwsf/ k|of]u ug]{ ltgsf];Ifdtf :yfkgf ug{df cfjZos pkfox¿ckgfpg]5g\ M

-s_ cfkm\gf] If]qflwsf/sf] s'g} e"–efu jf ;f]/fHodf btf{ ePsf] kfgLhxfh jfxjfO{hxfhdf o:tf] s;"/ ul/Pdf,

-v_ cf/f]lkt s;"/bf/ cfkm\gf] gful/s ePdf,-u_ a]kQf kfl/Psf] JolQm cfkm\gf] gful/s ePsf]

/ /fHokIfn] pko'Qm 7fg]df.@= /fHokIfx¿n] o;}u/L, cGt/f{li6«o

bfloTjcg';f/ lghnfO{ csf]{ /fHodf ;'k'b{ jf;dlk{t u/]df jf If]qflwsf/sf] dfGotfk|fKtcGt/f{li6«o kmf}hbf/L Gofoflws/0f;dIflghnfO{ ;dlk{t ul/Pdf afx]s, cf/f]lkts;"/bf/ cfkm\gf] If]qflwsf/sf] e"–efudf/x]sf] cj:yfdf cfjZostf cg';f/ hah{:ta]kQfsf] s;"/pk/ If]qflwsf/ k|of]u ug]{cfkm\gf] ;Ifdtf :yflkt ug{ ;Sg]5g\.

#= of] dxf;lGwn] /fli6«o sfg'gcg';f/ k|rlntcGo cltl/Qm kmf}hbf/L If]qflwsf/nfO{ afx]sub}{g.

wf/f !)!= cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt hfgsf/Lsf] hfFra'emkl5

;Gt'i6 eO{ kl/l:yltn] cfjZos ePdf,cfkm\gf] e"–efudf hah{:t a]kQfsf] s;"/u/]sf] cfzª\sf ul/Psf] JolQm /x]df h'g;'s}/fHokIfn] lghnfO{ lx/f;tdf lng] jflghsf] pkl:ylt lglZrt ug{ cfjZos x'g]cGo sfg'gL pkfo ckgfpg]5. lx/f;t /cGo sfg'gL pkfo ;f] /fHokIfsf] sfg'gn]Joj:yf u/]cg';f/ x'g]5 / kmf}hbf/L, ;dk{0fjf ;'k'b{uLsf] sf/afxLdf ;f] JolQmsf]pkl:ylt lglZrt kfg{ cfjZos ;dosf

nflu dfq sfod /xg ;Sg]5. @= cg'R5]b ! df pNn]v ePcg';f/sf] pkfo

ckgfpg] /fHon] tYo :yflkt ug{sf nflutTsfn} k|f/lDes 5fglag jf cg';Gwfgug]{5. ;f] /fHokIfn] cfkm"n] If]qflwsf/k|of]u ug{ rfx]–grfx]sf] s'/f b;f{O{, wf/f (sf] cg'R5]b ! df plNnlvt /fHokIfx¿nfO{y'g5]s, y'g5]s ug}{ kg]{ kl/l:ylt, / cfkm\gf]k|f/lDes 5fglag jf cg';Gwfgsf k|fKttYo;d]t o; wf/fsf] cg'R5]b ! cg';f/ckgfPsf pkfox¿sf] af/]df hgfp lbg]5.

#= cg'R5]b ! cg';f/ lx/f;tdf /x]sf] s'g} klgJolQmn] cfkm" gful/s /x]sf] /fHosf]lgs6:y pko'Qm k|ltlglw;Fu, jf lgh/fHoljxLg JolQm ePdf lghn] ;fdfGotofa;f]af; u/]sf] /fHosf] k|ltlglw;Fu tTsfn}s'/fsfgL ug{ ;Sg]5.

wf/f !!!= hah{:t a]kQfsf] s;"/ u/]sf] cf/f]lkt

JolQm km]nf k/]sf] e"–efusf] If]qflwsf//x]sf] /fHon] cfkm\gf] cGt/f{li6«obfloTjcg';f/ csf]{ /fHo;dIf lghnfO{;'k'b{uL jf ;dk{0f gu/]df jf If]qflwsf/sf]dfGotfk|fKt cGt/f{li6«o Gofoflws/0f;dIflghnfO{ ;dk{0f gu/]df cleof]hgsf]k|of]hgsf nflu ;Ifd clwsf/Lx¿ ;dIfk||:t't ug]{5.

@= oL clwsf/Lx¿n] ;f] /fHokIfsf]sfg'gcGtu{t uDeL/ k|s[ltsf ;fwf/0fck/fwsf] dfldnf;/x ;dfg tl/sfn]ltgsf] lg0f{o ug]{5g\. wf/f ( sf] cg'R5]b@ df plNnlvt dfldnfx¿df cg';Gwfg /;hfo lgwf{/0fsf nflu rflxg] dfkb08 s'g}klg xfntdf wf/f ( sf] cg'R5]b ! dfplNnlvt dfldnfx¿df nfu" x'g]eGbf s'g}klg lx;fan] sd;n x'g]5}g.

#= hah{:t a]kQfsf] s;"/sf] l;nl;nfdfsf/afxLdf NofOPsf] JolQmnfO{ sf/afxLsf;a} r/0fdf :jR5 Jojxf/sf] k|Tofe"lt/xg]5. hah{:t a]kQfsf] s;"/df k'k{Ifdf

357


/flvPsf] h'g;'s} JolQmn] sfg'gåf/f :yflkt;Ifd, :jtGq / lgikIf cbfnt jfGofoflws/0f;dIf :jR5 k'k{Ifaf6nfeflGjt x'g]5.

wf/f !@!= s'g} JolQmnfO{ hah{:t a]kQfsf] efuLbf/

agfOPsf] cf/f]k nufpg] h'g;'s}JolQm–ljz]ifnfO{ o:tf] cf/f]ksf] tTsfn /lgikIf hfFra'em ug]{, / cfjZos ePdfcljnDa k"0f{ / lgikIf cg';Gwfg ug]{ ;Ifdclwsf/Lx¿ ;dIf To;sf tYox¿sf]k|ltj]bg ug]{ clwsf/ /xg] s'/f x/]s/fHokIfn] ;'lglZrt ug]{5. cfjZostfePcg';f/ ph'/stf{, ;fIfL, a]kQf JolQmsfgft]bf/x¿ / ltgsf] k|lt/Iff ;Nnfxsf/;fy–;fy} cg';Gwfgdf ;xefuL /xg]JolQmx¿nfO{ ph'/ jf s'g} k|df0f lbPsf]kl/0ffd:j¿ksf ;a} b'Jo{jxf/ / qf;x¿lj?4 ;+/If0f ug]{ plrt kfOnf rflng]5g\.

@= s'g} JolQmnfO{ ha/h:t a]kQf agfOPsf]ljZjf; ug'{kg]{ dgfl;a cfwf/ ePdf o;wf/fsf] cg'R5]b ! df plNnlvtclwsf/Lx¿n] cf}krfl/s ¿kdf s'g} ph'/g} gk/]sf] eP klg cg';Gwfg cl3a9fpg]5g\.

#= x/]s /fHokIfn] of] wf/fsf] cg'R5]b ! dfplNnlvt clwsf/Lx¿nfO{ M

-s_ ltgsf] cg';Gwfg;Fu ;fGble{sclen]vLs/0f / cGo hfgsf/Lsf]kx'Frnufot k|efjsf/L cg';Gwfg ug{sfnflu cfjZos clwsf/ tyf ;|f]t–;fwg x'g],

-v_ a]kQf kfl/Psf] JolQm /x]sf] ljZjf; ug{]dgfl;a cfwf/ ePsf] y'g5]ssf] s'g} :yfgjf cGo :yfgdf cfjZos eP tt\ ljifosf]/f]xdf Goflos clwsf/Lsf] k"j{ clVtof/L;fykx'Fr x'g], s'/f ;'lglZrt kfg]{5g\.

$= cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{nfO{ afwf ug]{ sfo{nfO{/f]Sg] / bl08t ug{sf nflu x/]s /fHokIfn]cfjZos pkfox¿ ckgfpg]5g\. ltgn]vf;u/L ha/h:t a]kQfsf] s;"/ u/]sf]

cfzª\sf ul/Psf JolQmx¿ bfaL jfph'/stf{, ;fIfL, ufoa kfl/Psf] JolQmsfgft]bf/x¿ jf ltgsf k|lt/Iff ;Nnfxsf/ jfcg';Gwfgdf ;xefuL JolQmx¿df nlIftqf; jf k|ltzf]wsf dfWodaf6 cg';Gwfgsf]k|ultnfO{ k|efljt kfg]{ x}l;otdf 5}gg\ eGg]s'/f lglZrt kfg]{5g\.

wf/f !#!= /fHokIfx¿ aLrsf] ;'k'b{uLsf] k|of]hgsf

nflu ha/h:t a]kQfsf] s;"/nfO{/fhgLlts s;"/ jf /fhgLlts s;"/;Fu;Da4 s;"/ jf /fhgLlts cfzoaf6 k|]l/ts;"/ dflgg]5}g. o;}u/L o:tf] s;"/dfcfwfl/t ;'k'b{uLsf] dfunfO{ log}cfwf/x¿af6 dfq c:jLsf/ ug{ ;lsg]5}g.

@= ha/h:t a]kQfsf] s;"/ of] dxf;lGw nfu"x'g'eGbf cufl8 /fHokIfx¿ aLr /x]sf s'g}klg ;'k'b{uL ;lGwdf ;'k'b{uLof]Uo s;"/sf¿kdf ;dfj]z /x]sf] dflgg]5.

#= /fHokIfx¿n] ltgLx¿aLr kl5 ;DkGg x'g];'k'b{uL ;lGwdf ha/h:t a]kQfsf] s;"/nfO{;'k'b{uLof]Uo s;"/sf ¿kdf ;dfj]z ug]{5g\.

$= ;lGwsf] cl:tTjd} ;'k'b{uLnfO{ zt{d"nsagfpg] s'g} /fHokIfn] ;f];Fu ;'k'b{uL ;lGwgePsf] csf]{ /fHokIfn] ;'k'b{uLsf nflucg'/f]w u/]df ha/h:t a]kQfsf] s;"/sf]xsdf of] dxf;lGwnfO{ ;'k'b{uLsf] cfjZossfg'gL cfwf/sf ¿kdf ljrf/ ug{ ;Sg]5.

%= ;lGwsf] cl:tTjd} ;'k'b{uLnfO{ zt{d"nsgagfpg] /fHokIfx¿n] ha/h:t a]kQfsf]s;"/nfO{ pgLx¿sf aLrdf ;'k'b{uLof]Uos;"/sf] ¿kdf dfGotf lbg]5g\.

^= ;'k'b{uL, ;a} dfldnfdf, vf;u/L ;'k'b{uLsfnflu Go"gtd ;hfosf] vfFrf] / cg'/f]wul/Psf] /fHon] ;'k'b{uL OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg] jf;f]nfO{ vf; zt{sf] ljifo agfpg] s'/fnufotsf cg'/f]w ul/Psf] /fHosf]sfg'gåf/f Joj:yf ul/Psf zt{sf] ljifoagfOPsf] s'/f jf nfu" x'g] ;'k'b{uL;lGwx¿sf cfwf/df x'g]5.

358


&= ;'k'b{uLsf nflu ul/Psf] cg'/f]w ;f] JolQmsf]lnª\u, hflt, wd{, /fli6«otf, hftLo pTklQ,/fhgLlts dt jf vf; ;fdflhs ;d"xsf];b:otfsf cfwf/df lghnfO{ cleof]hg jf;hfo u/fpg] k|of]hgsf nflu jf cg'/f]wsf]kl/k"lt{n] ;f] JolQmpk/ oLdWo] s'g} sf/0fn]Iflt k'¥ofpg] s'/fsf nflu ePsf] ljZjf;ug'{kg]{ kof{Kt cfwf/ cg'/f]w ul/Psf]/fHo;Fu x'Fbf klg ;'k'b{uL ug{] bfloTj /xg]cy{df of] dxf;lGwsf] s'g} s'/fsf] JofVoful/g]5}g.

wf/f !$!= /fHokIfx¿n] sf/afxLsf nflu cfjZos

ltgsf cwLgdf /x]sf ;a} k|df0fsf]cfk"lt{nufot hah{:t a]kQfsf] s;"/pk/ul/Psf kmf}hbf/L sf/afxLsf l;nl;nfdfkf/:kl/s sfg'gL ;xfotfsf ;jf]{Qd pkfoPs–cfk;df pknAw u/fpg]5g\.

@= o:tf] kf/:kl/s sfg'gL ;xfotf cg'/f]wul/Psf] /fHokIfsf] /fli6«o sfg'g jfvf;u/L cg'/f]w ul/Psf] /fHon] kf/:kl/ssfg'gL ;xfotf lbg OGsf/ ug{ ;Sg]cfwf/x¿sf ;DaGwsf zt{x¿ jf zt{sf]ljifo agfpg ;Sg] s'/fnufotsf] k/f:kl/ssfg'gL ;xfotf;DaGwL nfu" x'g ;Sg];lGwx¿ cg';f/ x'g]5.

wf/f !%/fHokIfx¿n] hah{:t a]kQfsf

kLl8tx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{] b[li6n] a]kQf kfl/PsfJolQmx¿sf] vf]htnf; ug]{, /x] ePsf] 7fpF7Dofpg] / 5'6sf/f u/fpg], / d[To' ePsf]dfldnfdf ltgsf] /xnkxn jf z]ifx¿ vf]tNg],klxrfg ug]{ / kmsf{pg] s'/fdf Ps–csf{df;xof]u cfbfgk|bfg / kf/:kl/s ;xfotfsf;jf]{Qd pkfo Ps–cfk;df pknAw u/fpg]5g\.

wf/f !^!= hah{:t a]kQfsf] ljifo agfOg;Sg] vt/f

lghlj?4 /x]sf] ljZjf; ug'{kg]{ kof{Kt

cfwf/ ePsf cj:yfdf s'g} klg /fHon] s'g}JolQmnfO{ csf]{ /fHodf lgisf;g ug]{, lkmtf{k7fpg], ;dk{0f jf ;'k'b{ ug]{5}gg\.

@= o:tf] cfwf/x¿ eP–gePsf] lgwf{/0f ug]{k|of]hgsf nflu, ;Ifd clwsf/Lx¿n],pko'Qm eP;Dd, ;DalGwt /fHosf dfgjclwsf/sf] ;3g, gUg jf Jofks pNnª\3gjf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg'gsf] uDeL/pNnª\3gsf l:y/ :j¿ksf] pkl:yltnufot,;a} ;fGble{s ljrf/0fLo ljifox¿nfO{ Wofglbg]5g\.

wf/f !&!= s;}nfO{ klg uf]Ko y'gfdf /flvg]5}g.@= :jtGqtfsf] j~rgfsf ;Gbe{df /fHokIfsf

cGo cGt/f{li6«o bfloTjx¿k|lt k"jf{u|xg/fvL, x/]s /fHokIfn] cfkm\gf ljwfogdfM

-s_ :jtGqtfsf] j~rgfsf cfb]z lbg]ztf{j:yfx¿ :yflkt ug]{5g\,

-v_ :jtGqtfsf] j~rgfsf] cfb]z lbg]clwsf/k|fKt clwsf/Lx¿ tf]Sg]5g\,

-u_ :jtGqtfaf6 jl~rt ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{cf}krfl/s dfGotfk|fKt / ;'kl/j]lIft:jtGqtfsf] j~rgf :yfgdf /flvg] Uof/]G6Lug]{5g\.

-3_ :jtGqtfaf6 jl~rt s'g} klg JolQmnfO{lghsf] kl/jf/, ;Nnfxsf/ jf lghn]OR5fPsf] cGo s'g} JolQm;Fu sfg'gåf/f:yflkt ztf{j:yfdf /xL e]63f6 tyf;~rf/–;Dks{÷s'/fsfgL ug]{, jf, lghljb]zL ePdf nfu" x'g] cGt/f{li6«osfg'gcg';f/ lghsf] s"6gLlts clwsf/Lx¿;dIf ;~rf/–;Dks{ ug]{ clwsf/ x'g]s'/fsf] Uof/]G6L ug]{5g\.

-ª_ ;Ifd / sfg'gL clwsf/Lx¿ tyflgsfox¿nfO{, cfjZos eP Goflosclwsf/Lsf] k"j{clVtof/L;lxt, JolQmx¿sf]:jtGqtf jl~rt ul/Psf] :yfgdf kx'Frsf]k|Tofe"lt ug]{5g\.

-r_ :jtGqtf jl~rt ul/Psf] JolQm jf,ha/h:t a]kQf kfl/Psf] cfzª\sf ul/Psf]

359


JolQmsf xsdf, o:tf] :jtGqtf jl~rtJolQm :jod\n] of] clwsf/sf] k|rng ug{g;Sg] x'gfn], :jtGqtfaf6 jl~rt JolQmsfgft]bf/x¿, ltgsf k|ltlglw jf ltgsf;Nnfxsf/h:tf j}wflgs rf;f] /x]sfh'g;'s} JolQmn], ;a} cj:yfdf, cbfntaf6:jtGqtfsf] j~rgfsf] Gofo;ª\uttf pk/cljnDa lg0f{o lng / o:tf] :jtGqtfsf]j~rgf u}/sfg'gL 7x/] JolQmsf] 5'6sf/fsf]cfb]zsf nflu, cbfnt;dIf sf/afxLrnfpg kfpg] xs k|Tofe"lt ug]{5g\.

#= x/]s /fHokIfn] :jtGqtfaf6 jl~rtJolQmx¿sf] Ps jf a9L cf}krfl/scBfjlws kl~hsf jf clen]vsf] ;ª\u|x /Joj:yf lglZrt kfg]{5g\, h'g o; k|of]hgsfnflu ;DalGwt /fHokIfsf] sfg'g jf/fHokIf kIf /x]sf] ;fGble{s cGt/f{li6«osfg'gL cWofn]våf/f clVtof/k|fKt s'g}Goflos jf cGo ;Ifd clwsf/L jflgsfonfO{, dfluPsf] cj:yfdf, oyfzL3|pknAw u/fOg]5. To;df /xg] hfgsf/LGo"gtd M

-s_ :jtGqtfaf6 jl~rt JolQmsf] klxrfg,-v_ ;f] JolQmnfO{ :jtGqtfaf6 jl~rt ul/Psf]

ldlt, ;do / :yfg tyf ;f] JolQmsf]:jtGqtf jl~rt ug]{ clwsf/Lsf] klxrfg,

-u_ :jtGqtfsf] j~rgfsf] cfb]z lbg] clwsf/L/ :jtGqtf–j~rgfsf cfwf/x¿,

-3_ :jtGqtfsf] j~rgfpk/ ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{lhDd]jf/L /x]sf] clwsf/L,

-ª_ :jtGqtfsf] j~rgfsf] :yfg, :jtGqtfsf]j~rgfsf] :yfgdf k|j]z u/fOPsf] ldlt /;do / ;f] :jtGqtf j~rgfsf] :yfgsf]lhDd]jf/ clwsf/L,

-r_ :jtGqtfaf6 jl~rt JolQmsf]:jf:Yol:ylt–;Da4 s'/fx¿,

-5_ :jtGqtfsf] j~rgfd} d[To' ePsf] cj:yfdfkl/l:ylt, d[To'sf] sf/0f / zjfz]ifsf]uGtJo,

-h_ 5'6sf/f jf y'g5]ssf] cGo :yfgdf ;?jful/Psf] ldlt / ;do, uGtJo / ;?jf ug]{lhDd]jf/ clwsf/L ;dfj]z /xg]5.

wf/f !*!= wf/f !( / @) sf cwLgdf /xL x/]s /fHon]

:jtGqtfaf6 jl~rtsf gft]bf/, ltgsfk|ltlglw jf ;Nnfxsf/h:tf of] hfgsf/Lk|ltj}wflgs ;/f]sf/ ePsf JolQmnfO{ sDtLdflgDgfg';f/sf] ;"rgfsf] kx'Frsf] k|Tofe"ltug]{5g\M

-s_ :jtGqtfsf] j~rgf ug]{ cfb]z ug]]{clwsf/L,

-v_ ;f] JolQmsf] :jtGqtf x/0f ul/Psf] tyf:jtGqtfsf] j~rgfsf] :yfgdf k|j]zu/fOPsf] ldlt, ;do / :yfg,

-u_ :jtGqtfsf] j~rgfpk/ ;'kl/j]If0f ug]{lhDd]jf/L /x]sf] clwsf/L,

-3_ :jtGqtfsf] j~rgfsf] csf]{ :yfgdf ;?jful/Psf] eP uGtJo / ;?jf ug]{ lhDd]jf/clwsf/Lnufotsf] :jtGqtfaf6 jl~rtJolQmsf] cQf]kQf]sf] hfgsf/L,

-ª_ 5'6sf/f ul/Psf] ldlt, ;do / :yfg,-r_ :jtGqtfaf6 jl~rt JolQmsf]

:jf:Yol:ylt–;Da4 s'/fx¿,-5_ :jtGqtfsf] j~rgfd} d[To' ePsf] cj:yfdf

kl/l:ylt, d[To'sf] sf/0f / zjfz]ifsf]uGtJo.

@= o; wf/fsf] cg'R5]b ! df plNnlvtJolQmx¿ ;fy–;fy} cg';Gwfgdf ;xefuLJolQmx¿nfO{ :jtGqtfaf6 jl~rt JolQmsf]hfgsf/Lsf] vf]htnf; u/]sf]kl/0ffd:j¿ksf] s'g} klg b'Jo{jxf/, 8/–qf;jf cg'zfl:taf6 arfpgsf nflu, cfjZosePsf cj:yfdf pko'Qm pkfox¿ckgfOg]5g\.

wf/f !(!= a]kQf ePsf] JolQmsf] vf]htnf;sf] 9fFrfleq

;ª\slnt /÷jf cfbfgk|bfg ul/PsflrlsT;f tyf cfg'jf+lzstYo–tYofª\snufot JolQmut ljj/0fa]kQf kfl/Psf] JolQmsf] vf]htnf;Lafx]scGo k|of]hgsf nflu k|of]u ul/g] jfpknAw u/fOg]5}g. hah{:t a]kQfsf]

360


s;"/;DaGwL kmf}hbf/L sf/afxL jf kl/k"/0fjf Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt ug{sf nflu To:tf]hfgsf/L jf ljj/0fsf] k|of]udf of] s'/fsf]k"jf{u|x /xg]5}g.

@= lrlsT;f tyf cfg'jf+lzstYo–tYofª\snufot JolQmut ljj/0fsf];ª\sng, k|lqmofs/0f, k|of]u jf e08f/0fn]s'g} klg JolQmsf] dfgjclwsf/, df}lns:jtGqtf jf dfgj–dof{bfnfO{ bvn ug]{ jfbvn kfg]{ u/L c;/ k'¥ofpg]5}g.

wf/f @)!= s'g} klg JolQm sfg'gsf] ;+/If0fcGtu{t

/flvPsf] / :jtGqtfsf] j~rgf GofloslgoGq0fsf] ljifo /x]sf] cj:yfdf dfq wf/f!* df plNnlvt ;"rgfsf] clwsf/, sfg'gn]Joj:yf u/]sf] / xFb} cfjZos ePsf]cj:yfdf, / ;f] hfgsf/L÷;"rgfsf]cfbfgk|bfgn] ;f] JolQmsf] JolQmutuf]kgLotf jf ;'/IffnfO{ k|lts"n k|efj kfg{;Sg], kmf}hbf/L cg';GwfgnfO{ Jojwfg ug{;Sg], jf sfg'gadf]lhdsf] ;dfg sf/0fsfnflu, / nfu" x'g] cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g;Ít x'g]u/L / o; dxf;lGwsf] p2]Zo cg'¿k,ckjfbhgs cfwf/df dfq lgolGqt x'g;Sg]5. wf/f !* df plNnlvt ;"rgfsf]clwsf/ pk/, wf/f @ df kl/eflift sfo{ x'g]u/L jf wf/f !& cg'R5]b ! sf] pNnª\3gx'g] u/L, s'g} klg xfntdf /f]s6f]s jflgoGq0f x'g]5}g.

@= JolQmsf] JolQmut :jtGqtfsf] j~rgfsf]Gofo;ª\uttf ljrf/ ug]{ s'/fk|lt k"jf{u|xg/fvL, /fHokIfx¿n] wf/f !* cg'R5]b ! dfplNnlvt JolQmx¿nfO{ wf/f !*, cg'R5]b !df plNnlvt hfgsf/L cljnDa kfpg]dfWodsf ¿kdf r':t / k|efjsf/L Goflospkrf/sf] k|Tofe"lt ug]{5g\. pkrf/sf] of]clwsf/ s'g} klg l:yltdf lgnlDat jflgolGqt x'g ;Sg]5}g.

wf/f @!:jtGqtfaf6 jl~rt JolQmx¿ ltgLx¿

jf:tljs ¿kdf d'Qm ePsf] ljZj;gLocflwsfl/s k'li6o'Qm tl/sfaf6 5'6sf/f x'g] s'/f;'lglZrt kfg{sf nflu x/]s /fHokIfn] cfjZospkfox¿ cjnDag ug]{5g\. x/]s /fHokIfn]o:tf JolQmx¿sf] zf/Ll/s kl/k"0f{tf / /fli6«osfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL o:tf JolQmx¿sf] s'g}bfloTjk|lt k"jf{u|x g/fvL, 5'6sf/fsf ;dodfltgsf clwsf/x¿sf] e/k"/ k|of]u ug]{ ltgsf];Ifdtfsf] lglZrttf lbg klg cfjZospkfox¿ ckgfpg]5g\.

wf/f @@wf/f ^ k|lt k"jf{u|x g/fvL, x/]s

/fHokIfn] b]xfosf sfo{sf] /f]syfd ug{ /cg'zfl:t nufpgsf nflu cfjZos pkfox¿ckgfpg]5g\M -s_ wf/f !&, cg'R5]b @ -r_, / wf/f @),

cg'R5]b @ df plNnlvt pkrf/x¿nfO{ljnlDat ug]{ jf Jojwfg ug]{,

-v_ s'g} klg JolQmsf] :jtGqtfsf] j~rgfclen]v gug]{, jf cf}krfl/s btf{ ug{]{lhDd]jf/L /x]sf] sd{rf/Ln] ;f] ;"rgf untxf] eGg] hfg]/} jf yfxf x'Fbf–x'Fb} To:tf]hfgsf/L clen]v ug]{,

-u_ JolQmsf] :jtGqtfsf] j~rgfsf] ;"rgf jfhfgsf/L lbg OGsf/ ug]{ jf o:tf] ;"rgf jfhfgsf/L lbg'kg]{ sfg'gL /Lt k"/f ePsf] ePklg unt hfgsf/L jf ;"rgf lbg].

wf/f @#!= x/]s /fHokIfn] sfg'g sfof{Gjog ug]{

clwsf/L, lghfdtL jf ;}lgs, :jf:Yoclwsf/L, ;fj{hlgs kbfwsf/L / lx/f;t jf:jtGqtfaf6 jl~rt JolQmnfO{ x]g]{ jfJojxf/ ug]{ sfddf ;fd]n x'g ;Sg] cGoJolQmx¿sf] tflnddf of] dxf;lGwsf];DalGwt k|fjwfgsf af/]df cfjZos lzIff/ hfgsf/L M

-s_ ha/h:t a]kQf kfg]{ s'/fdf o:tfkbflwsf/Lx¿sf] ;+nUgtf /f]Sg,

-v_ hah{:t a]kQfsf] ;DaGwdf /f]syfd /

361


cg';Gwfgsf] dxTjnfO{ hf]8 lbg,-u_ hah{:t a]kQfsf dfldnfx¿sf] ;dfwfg ug{]

zL3| vfFrf]nfO{ dfGotf lbnfpgsf nflu;dfj]z ug]{ s'/f ;'lglZrt kfg]{5g\.

@= x/]s /fHokIfn] hah{:t a]kQf kfg]{ sfo{ ug{cx|fpg], clVtof/L lbg] jf k|f]T;flxt ug]{cfb]z jf lgb]{zgsf] lglif4tf ;'lglZrtkfg]{5g\. x/]s /fHon] o:tf] cfb]z dfGgc:jLsf/ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ;hfo gx'g] s'/fk|Tofe"lt ug]{5g\.

#= x/]s /fHokIfn] hah{:t a]kQf kfg]{ sfo{ePsf] jf of]hgf agfPsf] ljZjf; ug'{kg]{sf/0f /x]–ePsf o; wf/fsf] cg'R5]b ! dfplNnlvt JolQmx¿n] ltgsftfn'sjfnf;dIf / cfjZos ePdf,k'g/fjnf]sg jf pkrf/sf] clwsf/ /x]sfpko'Qm clwsf/Lx¿ jf lgsfox¿dfk|ltj]bg ug]{ s'/f lglZrt kfg{sf nflucfjZos pkfox¿sf] cjnDag ug]{5g\.

wf/f @$!= o; dxf;lGwsf] k|of]hgsf nflu ækLl8tÆ

eGgfn] a]kQf ePsf] JolQm / hah{:ta]kQfsf] k|ToIf kl/0ffd:j¿ksf] Ifltaf6;tfOPsf] h'g;'s} JolQm–ljz]if ;Demg'k5{.

@= x/]s kLl8tnfO{ hah{:t a]kQfsf]kl/l:yltsf af/]df ;To, cg';Gwfgsf] k|ult/ glthf Pjd\ a]kQf JolQmsf] n]vf yfxfkfpg] clwsf/ 5. o;af/]df x/]s /fHokIfn]pko'Qm pkfox¿ ckgfpg]5g\.

#= x/]s /fHokIfn] a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf]vf]htnf;, ePsf] :yfg 7Dofpg] tyf d'Qmug{sf nflu, / d[To' ePsf] 36gfdf ltgsf]zjfz]if 7Dofpg, To;sf] ;Ddfg ug{ /lkmtf{ ug{sf nflu pko'Qm pkfox¿ckgfpg]5g\.

$= x/]s /fHokIfn] cfkm\gf] sfg'gL k|0ffnLdfhah{:t a]kQfsf kLl8tx¿nfO{ kl/k"/0fk|fKt ug]{ tyf zL3|, :jR5 / kof{Kt Ifltk"lt{kfpg] clwsf/sf] ;'lgZro ug]{5g\.

%= o; wf/fsf] cg'R5]b $ df plNnlvt

kl/k"/0f k|fKt ug{] clwsf/n] ef}lts /dfgl;s Iflt Pjd\, pko'Qm eP;Dd,kl/k"/0fsf cGo :j¿kx¿nfO{ ;d]6\5, h:tf]ls M

-s_ ;DklQ k'gM:yf{kgf,-v_ k'gjf{;,-u_ dof{bf / Vofltsf] k'gM:yfkgf nufotsf]

;Gt'li6,-3_ k'g/fj[lQ gx'g] k|Tofe"ltx¿.^= a]kQf JolQmsf] cj:yf :ki6 geP;Dd

cg';Gwfg lg/Gt/ ug]{ bfloTjk|lt k"jf{u|xg/fvL, x/]s /fHokIfn] cj:yf :ki6 gePsf]a]kQf JolQmsf] sfg'gL l:yltaf/]df / ltgsfgft]bf/x¿sf] ;fdflhs enfO, cfly{sdfldnf, kfl/jfl/s sfg'g / ;DklQsf]clwsf/sf If]qdf pko'Qm kfOnf rfNg]5g\.

&= x/]s /fHokIfn] hah{:t a]kQfsf] kl/l:ylt/ a]kQf JolQmsf] cj:yf :yfkgf ug{ k|of;ug]{ tyf hah{:t a]kQfsf kLl8tx¿nfO{;xfotf ug]{ s'/f;Fu ;/f]sf/ /x]sf ;ª\u7gtyf ;ª\3–;+:yf :jtGqtfk"j{s u7g ug]{ /ltgdf efu lng] clwsf/sf] k|Tofe"ltug]{5g\.

wf/f @%!= x/]s /fHokIfn] cfkm\gf] kmf}hbf/L

sfg'gcGtu{t lgDg s'/fsf] /f]syfd / ;hfoug{ cfjZos pkfo ckgfpg]5g\ M

-s_ hah{:t a]kQfsf] ljifo agfOPsfafnaflnsf, afa', cfdf jf sfg'gL ;+/Ifshah{:t a]kQfsf] ljifo agfOPsfafnaflnsf jf hah{:t a]kQfsf] ljifoagfOPsL cfdfaf6 y'gfdf /x]sf a]nfhGdfOPsf] afnaflnsfsf] ck/fwk"0f{lgisf;g,

-v_ dfly pk–cg'R5]b -s_ df plNnlvtafnaflnsfsf] ;xL klxrfg k|dfl0ft ug]{clen]vx¿sf] ldYofs/0f, bkf]6 jf ljgfz,

@= x/]s /fHokIfn] of] wf/fsf] cg'R5]b ! -s_df plNnlvt afnaflnsfsf] vf]htnf; tyfklxrfg ug{ ;fy} sfg'gL sfo{ljlw / nfu"

362


x'g] cGt/f{li6«o ;Demf}tfx¿cg';f/ ltgnfO{pTklQsf] kl/jf/df kmsf{pg cfjZospkfox¿ ckgfpg]5g\.

#= /fHokIfx¿n] cg'R5]b !-s_df plNnlvtafnaflnsf] vf]htnf;, klxrfg u/fO{ //x]sf] :yfg 7Dofpg] sfo{df Ps–csf{df;3fp k'¥ofpg]5g\.

$= o; wf/fsf] cg'R5]b ! -s_ df plNnlvtafnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd\ lxt, ltgsf]:ofxf/–;Def/ jf /fHosf] sfg'gn] dfGotflbg'kg]{ ltgsf] gful/stf, gfd / kfl/jfl/s;DaGwnufot ltgsf] klxrfgsf] k'ga{xfnLk|flKtsf] clwsf/nfO{ Wofgdf lnO{,afnaflnsfnfO{ bQs /fVg] jf cGo :j¿kdf:yfkg ug]{ k|0ffnL dfGotf k|bfg u/]sf/fHokIfx¿n] o:tf] bQs jf :yfkgsf]sfo{ljlwsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ / pko'QmePdf, hah{:t a]kQfaf6 pTkGg s'g} klgbQs–/vfO jf :yfkg vf/]h ug]{ sfg'gLsfo{ljlwnfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{5g\.

%= ;a} dfldnfdf, /, vf;u/L of] wf/f;Fu;DalGwt ;a} s'/fdf afnaflnsfsf] ;jf]{Qd\lxt k|f/lDes ljrf/0fLo ljifo x'g], / lghsf]cfkm\g} b[li6sf]0f agfpg ;Ifd afns jfaflnsfnfO{, lghn] lbPsf] b[li6sf]0fpk/afnssf] pd]/ / kl/kSjtfcg';f/ ltgsf]ef/ dflgg] u/L, To:tf b[li6sf]0f jfljrf/x¿ :jtGqtfk"j{s JoQm ug]{ clwsf/x'g]5.

v08 @wf/f @^!= o; dxf;lGwcGtu{t Joj:yf ul/Psf

sfo{x¿ ;DkGg ug{sf nflu hah{:ta]kQf;DaGwL Ps ;ldlt -o;kl5 …;ldltelgPsf]_ sf] :yfkgf ul/g]5. ;f] ;ldltdfpRr g}lts rl/q / dfgjclwsf/sf If]qdfVofltk|fKt b; hgf ljz]if1 /xg]5g\, h;n]JolQmut¿kdf sfo{ ug]{5g\ Pjd\ :jtGq /lgikIf /xg]5g\. ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿;dtfd"ns ef}uf]lns ljt/0fsf cfwf/df

/fHokIfaf6 r'lgg]5g\. ;DalGwt sfg'gLcg'ej / ;Gt'lnt n}ª\lus k|ltlglwTjnfO{;ldltsf] sfdsf] ;+nUgtfdf cfjZos WofglbOg]5.

@= ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ /fHokIfn] dgf]lgt u/]sfcfkm\gf gful/sx¿dWo] uf]Ko dtbfgåf/f;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf dxf;lrjåf/f ;f]xLk|of]hgsf nflu af]nfOPsf] /fHokIfx¿sf]å}jflif{s a}7saf6 r'lgg]5g\. /fHokIfx¿sf];Dk"0f{ ;ª\Vofsf] b'O{–ltxfO ;b:o u0fk"/s/xg] a}7sdf pkl:yt eO{ dtbfg u/]sf/fHokIfsf k|ltlglwx¿sf] k"0f{ ax'dt kfO{;a}eGbf a9L dt k|fKt ug]{ JolQmx¿lgjf{lrt x'g]5g\ .

#= ;'?sf] lgjf{rg of] dxf;lGw nfu" ePsf]ldltsf] ^ dlxgfeGbf l9nf] ul/g]5}g. k|To]slgjf{rgsf] ldlteGbf rf/ dlxgfcufj} ;+o'Qm/fi6«;ª\3sf dxf;lrjn] /fHokIfx¿nfO{tLg dlxgfleq dgf]gog bflvnf ug{cfdGq0f ub}{ kq k7fpg]]5g\. dxf;lrjn]o; k|lqmof cg'¿k dgf]gog ul/Psf ;a}JolStx¿sf] j0ff{g'qmd–;"rL tof/ ug]{5g\ /dgf]gog ug]{ /fi6«x¿sf] gfd pNn]v ub}{To:tf] ;"rL ;a} /fHokIfx¿nfO{ pknAwu/fpg]5g\.

$= ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ rf/ jif{sf nflulgjf{lrt x'g]5g\ hf] csf]{ Ps k6ssf nfluk'gM lgjf{rgof]Uo dflgg]5g\. tyflk, klxnf]lgjf{rgdf lgjf{lrt kfFrhgf ;b:ox¿sf];dofjlw b'O{ jif{ k'u]kl5 cGTo x'g]5, klxnf]lgjf{rg ;lsPnuQ}} tL kfFrhgf ;b:osf]gfd o; wf/fsf] cg'R5]b—@ n] lgb]{zu/]adf]lhd a}7ssf] cWoIfn] 5fGg]5g\.

%= ;ldltsf] s'g} ;b:osf] d[To' ePdf, p;n]/fhLgfdf lbPdf jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn]cfkm\gf] st{Jo k"/f ug{ c;dy{ ePdf o;wf/fsf] cg'R5]b– ! n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf]k|lqmofsf] cfwf/df h'g /fHokIfn] p;nfO{dgf]gLt u/]sf] xf] ;f] /fHokIfn] cfkm\gfgful/sx¿ dWo]af6 csf]{ ;b:onfO{ pQmkbdf lgo'Qm ug]{5 / ;f] lgo'lQmnfO{

363


/fHokIfx¿sf] ax'dtn] cg'df]bg ug'{kg]{5.;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf dxf;lrjn] k|:tfljtlgo'lQmsf] ;"rgf u/]sf] 5 xKtfleq cfwf jf;f]eGbf a9L /fHokIfx¿n] gsf/fTdsk|ltlqmof JoQm gu/]df dfq To:tf] lgo'lQmn]cg'df]bg k|fKt u/]sf] dflgg]]5.

^= ;ldltn] sfo{ljlw lgoldt ug]{ cfkm\g}lgodfjnL agfpg]5.

&= ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf dxf;lrjn] ;ldltsf]sfo{k|0ffnLnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpgsf nflu;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;fwg, ;'ljwf /sd{rf/L k|bfg ug]{5g\. ;ldltsf] k|f/lDesa}7ssf] cWoIftf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sfdxf;lrjn] ug]{5g\.

*= ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿nfO{ /fi6«;ª\3Losfd–sf/afxLsf l;nl;nfdf ;+o'Qm/fi6«;ª\3sf]] ljz]ifflwsf/ Pjd\5'6sf/f;DaGwL dxf;lGw;Fu ;Da4 efun]k|bfg u/]sf] ;'ljwf, ljz]ifflwsf/ Pjd\pGd'lQm k|bfg ul/g]5.

(= k|To]s /fHokIfn] cfkm"n] :jLsf/ u/]sf];ldltsf] sfo{x¿sf] xb;Dd ;ldltnfO{;xof]u / ;b:ox¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] cfkm\gf]lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{df ;xfotf ug]{5g\.

wf/f @&of] dxf;lGw nfu" ePsf] sDtLdf rf/

jif{b]lv / a9Ldf 5 jif{leq ;ldltsf sfo{x¿sf]d"Nofª\sg ug{ / wf/f $$ sf] cg'R5]b– @ sf]k|lqmof cg'¿k, s'g} klg ;DefjgfnfO{ c:jLsf/gub}{, wf/f @*—#^ ;Ddn] kl/eflift u/]sf sfo{cg'¿k o; dxf;lGwsf] cg'udg ug]{ sfo{ s'g}csf]{ cª\snfO{ x:tfGt/0f ug{ pko'Qm 5 jf 5}geGg] lg0f{o ug{sf nflu /fHokIfx¿sf] Ps;Dd]ng cfof]hgf x'g]5.

wf/f @*!= o; dxf;lGwn] k|bfg u/]sf sfo{Ifdtfsf

cfwf/df ;ldltn] ;Da4 lgsfox¿,sfof{nox¿, /fi6«;ª\3sf ljz]ifLs[tlgof]ux¿ / sf]ifnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{sf ;fy}

cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gn] :yfkgf u/]sf;lGw–;Demf}tfåf/f :yflkt cÍx¿, ;+o'Qm/fi6«;ª\3sf ljz]if k|lqmofx¿, ;Da4 If]qLo,cGt/–;/sf/L ;ª\u7g Pjd\ cÍx¿sf ;fy}hah{:t a]kQf ug]{ sfo{sf lj¿4JolQmx¿sf] ;'/Iffdf sfo{ ul//x]sf ;Da4/fli6«o ;+:yfx¿, lgsfox¿ /sfof{nox¿nfO{ klg ;xof]u ug]{5.

@= cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug]{ qmddf;ldltn] ;Da4 cGt/f{li6«o dfgjclwsf/sfg'gåf/f :yflkt cÍx¿, vf;u/L gful/sPjd\ /fhg}lts clwsf/;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«ocg'aGwåf/f :yflkt dfgjclwsf/;ldlt;Fu, ltgLx¿sf] cjnf]sg /l;kmfl/;x¿sf] lgoldttf ;'lglZrt ug{k/fdz{ ug]{5.

wf/f @(!= k|To]s /fHokIfn] cfkm\gf] nflu of] dxf;lGw

nfu" ePsf] b'O{ jif{leq o; dxf;lGwcGtu{tsf bfloTjx¿nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpgcjnDag ul/Psf pkfo;DaGwL k|ltj]bg;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf dxf;lrjdfkm{t\;ldltnfO{ a'emfpg]5.

@= ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf dxf;lrjn] ;f] k|ltj]bg;Dk"0f{ /fHokIfx¿nfO{ pknAw u/fpg]5g\.

#= k|To]s k|ltj]bgnfO{ ;ldltn] ljrf/ ug]{5 /pko'Qm 7fg]sf] l6Kk0fL, ;dLIff / ;'emfjk|:t't ug]{5. pQm l6Kk0fL, ;dLIff /;'emfjnfO{ ;Da4 /fHokIf;dIf /flvg]5 /To;sf] pQ/ pgLx¿n] cfkm\g} tbf¿stfdfjf ;ldltsf] cg'/f]wdf k|bfg ug]{5g\.

$= o; dxf;lGwsf] sfof{Gjogsf ;DaGwdf yk;"rgf k|bfg ug{ ;ldltn] /fHokIfx¿nfO{cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5.

wf/f #)!= a]kQf kfl/Psf] JolQmsf] vf]htnf; ul/of];\

jf kQf nufOof];\ eGg] cg'/f]w a]]kQf ePsf]JolQmsf] gft]bf/ jf ltgsf sfg'gL k|ltlglw,jlsn jf ltgn] clVtof/ u/]sf] s'g} klg

364


JolQm / j}wflgs ;/f]sf/ /fVg] h'g;'s}JolQmn] ;ldlt;dIf h?/L ;jfnsf ¿kdfk|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5.

@= o; wf/fsf] cg'R5]b– ! cg';f/ tTsfnsf/afxL k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg k|:t'tul/Psf] cg'/f]wnfO{ ;ldltn] M

s_ :ki6¿kdf tYoxLg 5}g eGg] 7fg]df,v_ To:tf] cg'/f]w bfo/ ug{ ;Sg] clwsf/sf]

pNnª\3g gx'g] ePdf,u_ ;DalGwt /fHokIfsf cflwsfl/s lgsfo,

pbfx/0fsf nflu clwsf/k|fKt cg';Gwfglgsfodf 5fglagsf nflu hfg ;Sg];DefJotf /x]sf] cj:yfdf To:tf lgsfodf;dod} cg'/f]w k|:t't ul/Psf] kfOPdf,

3_ o; dxf;lGwsf k|fjwfgx¿;Fu a]d]n x'g]gePdf, /

ª_ cGt/f{li6«o jf ;f]xL k|s[ltsf] k|lqmof cGtu{tcGo s'g} hfFra'emåf/f ;f] 36gfsf] hfFreO/x]sf] gePdf,

r_ ;ldltn] cfkm"n] tf]s]sf] ;doleq a]]kQfkfl/Psf] JolQmsf] vf]hLsf ljifodf cfkm"nfO{hfgsf/L k|bfg ug{ ;DalGwt /fHokIfnfO{cg'/f]w ug]{5.

#= ;DalGwt /fHokIfn] o; wf/fsf] cg'R5]b @cg';f/ k|bfg u/]sf] ;"rgfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL;ldltn] ;DalGwt /fHokIfnfO{ a]]kQfkfl/Psf] JolQmnfO{ o; dxf;lGwcg';f/ /fVg/ ;'/Iff lbg, To;sf nflu cGt/sfnLgnufot cGo ;a} cfjZos pkfox¿cjnDag ug{ / l:yltsf] uDeL/tfnfO{Wofgdf /fvL cjnDag ul/Psf pkfox¿sf]af/]df tf]lsPsf] ;doleq ;ldltnfO{ ;"rgflbg l;kmfl/; ug{ ;Sg]5. a]kQf kfl/Psf]JolQmnfO{ vf]Hg tTsfn sf/afxL cufl8a9fpg ;ldlt;dIf cg'/f]w ug]{ JolQmnfO{;ldltn] cfkm"n] /fHonfO{ lbPsf ;'emfjx¿ //fHokIfn] cfkm"nfO{ pknAw u/fPsf];"rgfsf] hfgsf/L pknAw x'gf;fy k|bfgug]{5.

$= a]kQf kfl/Psf] JolQmsf] cj:yfaf/] kQfgnfu];Dd ;ldltn] /fHokIf;Fu sfo{ ug]{

cfkm\gf] k|oTgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg]5 /;DalGwt cg'/f]wstf{nfO{ nuftf/¿kdf;"lrt ug]{5.

wf/f #!!= s'g} /fHokIfn] o; dxf;lGwsf] cg'df]bgsf

avt jf ;f]kZrft\sf] s'g}} klg avt /fHon]u/]sf] sfg'g pNnª\3gsf] 36gfdf pQm36gfsf] lzsf/ ePsf] bfaL ug]{ JolQm jfp;sf tkm{af6 cGo s'g} JolQm;Fu kqfrf/ug]{ / p;af6 hfgsf/L lng] If]qflwsf/sf;DaGwdf ;ldlt ;dy{ /x]sf] 3f]if0ff ug{;Sg]5. o:tf] 3f]if0ff gug]{ s'g} klg/fHokIfsf 36gfsf ;DaGwdf o; ;ldltn];~rf/–;Dks{ ug]{ jf 36gfsf] 5fglagug]{5}g.

@= lgDg cj:yfdf ;ldltn] ;~rf/–;Dks{ u|x0fug]{5}g M

s_ pQm ;~rf/–;Dks{ c1ft ePdf,v_ ;f] ;~rf/–;Dks{af6 ;~rf/–;Dks{ ug{

kfpg] clwsf/sf] pNnª\3g ePdf jf pQm;~rf/0f o; dxf;lGwsf] k|fjwfg;Fu d]nvfg] gePdf,

u_ ;f]xL 36gfsf] hfFr cGt/f{li6«o hfFra'em jfcGo s'g} ;f]xL k|s[ltsf] k|lqmofcGtu{teO/x]sf] ePdf, jf

3_ ;a} pknAw /fli6«o pkrf/ Joj:yf k"0f{tof;dfKt eO;s]sf 5}gg\. pkrf/ cjnDagsfo{ lagfsf/0f nDAofOPsf] cj:yfdf of]lgod nfu" x'g] 5}g.

#= ;ldltn] ;f] ;~rf/–;Dks{ o; wf/fsf]cg'R5]b–@ df pNn]lvt Joj:yfx¿;Fu d]nvfg] b]v]df, ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] ;dofjlwleqcfkm\gf] /fo, l6Kk0fL k7fpg cg'/f]w ub}{;DalGwt /fHokIfnfO{ ;~rf/–;Dks{ ug{]5.

$= ;~rf/–;Dks{ k|fKt ePkl5sf] / ;f];~rf/–;Dks{dfly s'g} lg0f{odf k'Ug'eGbfcl3sf] s'g} klg ;dodf ;ldltn] ;DalGwt/fHokIfnfO{ cf/f]lkt pNnª\3gsfkLl8tx¿nfO{ ;DefJo ck"/0fLo Iflt x'gaf6/f]Sg cfjZos cGtl/d pkfox¿ cjnDag

365


ug{ cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5. ;ldltn] o:tf]:jljj]sflwsf/sf] cEof; ug'{sf] cy{lgj]bgsf] u|fx\otf;DaGwL jf cGtlg{lxtljifo;DaGwL lg0f{o eGg] xF'b}g.

%= jt{dfg wf/f cGtu{t ;~rf/–;Dks{sf] hfFrubf{sf avt ;ldltn] uf]Ko a}7ssf]cfof]hgf ug]{5. ;DalGwt /fHokIfn] lbPsfhjfkmx¿sf] hfgsf/L ;ldltn];~rf/–;Dks{stf{nfO{ lbg]5. ha ;ldltn]k|lqmofnfO{ clGtd ¿k lbg] lg0f{o ub{5 tao;n] cfkm\gf] b[li6sf]0fsf af/]df /fHokIf /;~rf/–;Dks{stf{nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg]5.

wf/f #@o; dxf;lGwsf] s'g} Ps /fHokIfn]] s'g}

klg ;do csf]{ /fHokIfn] o; dxf;lGwcGtu{tsf] bfloTj k"/f gu/]sf] bfaL ul/Psf];~rf/–;Dks{ u|x0f ug{ / To;dfly ljrf/ ug{;ldlt ;dy{ ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ ;Sg]5. o:tf]3f]if0ff gul/Psf] /fHokIf;Fu ;DalGwt / o:tf]3f]if0ff gug]{ /fHokIfaf6 ;ldltn] lgj]bg lng]5}g.

wf/f ##!= s'g} /fHokIfn] o; dxf;lGwsf

k|fjwfgx¿sf] uDeL/ pNnª\3g ul//x]sf] 5eGg] ljZj;gLo ;"rgf o; ;ldltnfO{ k|fKtePdf ;ldltn] ;DalGwt /fHokIf;Fuk/fdz{ u/]kl5 o; ;ldltsf Ps jf ;f]eGbf a9L ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;DalGwt /fi6«sf]e|d0f u/L l9nfO gu/Lsg ;ldltnfO{k|ltj]bg a'emfpg cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5.

@= ;ldltn] ;DalGwt /fHokIfnfO{ e|d0fcfof]hgf ug'{sf] cfkm\gf] dg;fo, e|d0fbnsf]agfj6 / e|d0fsf] p2]Zo lnlvt ¿kdf;"lrt ug]{5. /fHokIfn] 7Ls ;doleqTo;sf] hjfkm ;ldltnfO{ k7fpg]5.

#= /fHokIfsf] k|dfl0ft cg'/f]wnfO{ b[li6ut u/L;ldltn] e|d0f :ylut ug{ jf /2 ug{;Sg]5.

$= /fHokIf e|d0fsf nflu /fhL ePdf ;ldlt /

/fHokIf b'j}n] ldn]/ e|d0fsf] tl/sf s:tf]x'g] eGg] kl/eflift ug]{5g\ / /fHokIfn]e|d0f ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg ug{sf nflu;ldltnfO{ cfjZos ;'ljwfx¿ k|bfg ug]{5.

%= e|d0fkZrft\, ;ldltn] ;DalGwt /fHokIfnfO{cfkm\gf] cledt / ;'emfjx¿sf ;DaGwdf;~rf/ ug]{5.

wf/f #$s'g} /fHokIfsf] clwsf/If]qdf kg]{

;Ldfleq ;'lgof]lht 9ª\un] hah{:tL a]kQf kfg]{sfo{ k|lqmofa4 Pj+\ a[xt\¿kdf eO/x]sf] 5 eGg]hfgsf/L ;ldltnfO{ k|fKt ePdf ;DalGwt/fHokIfaf6 To:tf] cj:yf;Fu ;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{;Da4 ;"rgfx¿sf] dfukZrft\ ;ldltn] ;+o'Qm/fi6«;ª\3sf dxf;lrjsf dfWodaf6 ;+o'Qm/fi6«;ª\3sf] ;fwf/0f;efnfO{ t'¿Gt To; ljifodfWofgfsif{0f u/fpg ;Sg]5.

wf/f #%!= ;ldlt o; dxf;lGw nfu" ePkl5 ;'? ePsf

hah{:tL a]kQf kfg]{ sfo{sf] 5fglagdf dfq;dy{ /xg]5.

@= of] dxf;lGw nfu" ePkZrft\ s'g} /fi6« o;dxf;lGwsf] kIf ag]df, ;ldltsf ;DaGwdfpQm /fi6«sf] bfloTj ;f] ;DalGwt /fi6«sfnflu of] dxf;lGw nfu" ePkl5 k|f/De ePsfhah{:t a]kQf kfg]{ sfo{k|lt dfq /xG5.

wf/f #^!= ;ldltn] o; dxf;lGwcGtu{t cfkm\gf

ls|ofsnfkx¿sf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg/fHokIfx¿nfO{ / ;++o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf];fwf/0f;efnfO{ k|:t't ug]{5.

@= s'g} /fHokIfdflysf] cledt jflif{sk|ltj]bgdf k|sflzt x'g'k"j{ ;DalGwt/fHokIfnfO{ clu|d ;"rgf k|bfg ul/g]5.pSt /fHokIfn] k|ltj]bgdf cfkm\gf] dt //fo k|sflzt ug{ cg'/f]w ug{ ;Sg]5.

366


v08 #wf/f #&

o; dxf;lGwdf pNn]lvt s'g} klg s'/fn]hah{:t a]kQf kfg]{ sfo{af6 ;a} JolStnfO{arfpg] s'g} klg cGo cg's"n k|fjwfgx¿nfO{k|efljt kfg{] 5}g / h;df /xg ;Sg]5g\ Ms_ /fHokIfsf] sfg'g,v_ s'g} /fHodf nfu" ul/Psf] cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g.

wf/f #*!= of] dxf;lGw ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf ;Dk"0f{

;b:o–/fi6«x¿sf] x:tfIf/sf nflu v'nf 5.@= of] dxf;lGw ;+o'St /fi6«;ª\3sf ;Dk"0f{

;b:ox¿af6 cg'df]bgsf] ljifo /x]sf] 5.cg'df]bg–lnvt ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sfdxf;lrj;Fu /xg]5.

#= of] dxf;lGw ;lDdngsf nflu ;+o'Qm/fi6«;ª\3sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox¿nfO{ v'nf 5.;lDdng–lnvt dxf;lrj;Fu /xg]5.

wf/f #(!= of] dxf;lGw ;b:o /fHokIfx¿n] cg'df]bg

jf ;lDdng u/]sf] aL;f}F}+ lnvt ;+o'Qm/fi6«;ª\3sf dxf;lrjnfO{ a'emfPsf] tL;lbgkl5 nfu" x'g]5.

@= x/]s /fHon] cg'df]bg jf ;lDdng lnvta'emfO;s]kl5 cg'df]bg jf ;lDdng ug]{k|To]s /fHokIfsf nflu of] dxf;lGw To;/fi6«n] cg'df]bg jf ;lDdng u/]sf] lnvta'emfPsf]] tL; lbgkZrft\ nfu" x'g]5.

wf/f $);+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf dxf;lrjn] ;+o'Qm

/fi6«;ª\3sf ;Dk"0f{ ;b:o /fi6«x¿ / o;dxf;lGwdf x:tfIf/ jf ;lDdng u/]sf ;a}/fi6«x¿nfO{ lgDglnlvt s'/fsf] ;"rgf lbg]5g\Ms_ wf/f #* cGtu{t x:tfIf/, cg'df]bg /

;lDdng.v_ wf/f #( cGtu{t dxf;lGw nfu" ePsf] ldlt.

wf/f $!o; dxf;lGwsf k|fjwfgx¿ ;ª\3Lo

/fHosf ;Dk"0f{ efux¿df ;Ldf tyf ckjfb/lxt¿kdf nfu" x'g]5.

wf/f $@!= b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L /fHokIfx¿sf aLr o;

dxf;lGwsf] JofVof / k|of]usf ;DaGwdfljjfb ePdf / ;f] ljjfb ;dembf/L Pjd\dxf;lGwdf :ki6 ¿kdf Joj:yf ul/Psfk|lqmofåf/f ;dfwfg gePdf ljjfbdf /x]sfdWo] s'g} Ps /fi6«sf] cg'/f]wdf dWo:ytfsfnflu a'emfOg]5. dWo:ytfsf nflu cg'/f]wul/Psf] ldltn] 5 dlxgfleq tL /fHokIfx¿dWo:ytfdf ;xdt x'g ;s]gg\ eg] tLdWo]s'g} Ps /fi6«n] pQm ljjfbnfO{ Gofofnosf]lgodcg';f/ cGt/f{li6«o Gofofnodf p7fpg;Sg]5.

@= o; dxf;lGwdf x:tfIf/ jf cg'df]bgsfavt jf o;nfO{ ;lDdng ubf{sf avt s'g}/fi6«n] o; wf/fsf] cg'R5]b ! åf/f cfkm"afFlwPsf] 7fg]sf] 5}g eGg] 3f]if0ff ug{;Sg]5. o:tf] 3f]if0ff ug]{ s'g} klg/fHokIfsf ;DaGwdf cGo /fHokIfx¿ o;wf/fsf] cg'R5]b ! åf/f afFlwg] 5}gg\.

#= o; wf/fsf] cg'R5]b @ cg';f/ 3f]if0ff ug]{s'g} klg /fHokIfn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sfdxf;lrjnfO{ ;"rgf lbP/ s'g} klg a]nf ;f]3f]if0ff lkmtf{ lng ;Sg]5g\.

wf/f $#of] dxf;lGw !@ cu:t !($( sf]

rf/j6f h]g]ef dxf;lGw / ltgsf * h'g !(&&sf b'O{j6f cltl/Qm k|n]vdf pNn]lvt ;Demf}tfug]{ kIfsf] pQ/bfloTj;lxtsf] cGt/f{li6«odfgjLo sfg'g jf cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg'gn]g;d]6]sf] cj:yfdf /]8qm;sf] cGt/f{li6«o;ldltnfO{ s'g} /fHokIfn] y'gf:ynsf] e|d0f ug]{cg'dltsf] cj;/k|lt k"jf{u|xL 5}g.

367


wf/f $$!= s'g} klg /fHokIfn] o; dxf;lGwdf

;+zf]wgsf] k|:tfj ug{, / ;f] k|:tfj ;+o'Qm/fi6«;ª\3sf dxf;lrj ;dIf btf{ ug{ ;S5.dxf;lrjn] o; dxf;lGwsf /fHokIfx¿nfO{k|:tfljt ;+zf]wgsf af/]df ;'lrt ub}{ pQmk|:tfjdfly 5nkmn ug{ / dtbfg ug{;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ug]{ ljifodf pgLx¿sf]wf/0ff ;"lrt ug{ cg'/f]w ug]{5g\. o;lsl;dsf] ;~rf/ ePsf] rf/ dlxgfleqsDtLdf Ps–ltxfO /fHokIfx¿ To:tf];Dd]ngsf] kIf lnPdf dxf;lrjn] ;+o'Qm/fi6«;ª\3sf] cfof]hgfdf pQm ;Dd]ngug]{5g\.

@= ;Dd]ngdf pkl:yt Pjd\ dtbfgdf efulnPsf /fHokIfx¿sf] b'O{–ltxfO ax'dtsf];+zf]wgnfO{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf dxf;lrjn];dy{gsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ /fHokIfsf ;fd'k|:t't ug]{]5g\.

#= o; wf/fsf] cg'R5]b ! cg';f/ u|x0f ul/Psf];+zf]wg o; dxf;lGwsf b'O{–ltxfO{/fHokIfx¿n] cf–cfkm\gf ;+j}wflgsk|lqmofsf ;fy :jLsf/ u/]kl5 nfu" x'g]5.

$= ;+zf]wg k|efjdf cfPkl5 ;f] :jLsf/ u/]sf/fHokIfx¿sf xsdf aGwgsf/L x'g]5,dxf;lGwsf k|fjwfg / k"j{jtL{ ;+zf]wgx¿cGo /fHokIfx¿sf xsdf klg aGwgsf/Lx'g]5g\.

wf/f $%!= cª\u]|hL, c/aL, lrlgofF, k|mfG;]nL, /l;ofnL /

:k]lg; efiffsf kf7 ;dfg cflwsfl/s /x]sf]of] dxf;lGw ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sfdxf;lrj;dIf /xg]5g\.

@= ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf dxf;lrjn] o;dxf;lGwsf k|dfl0ft k|ltx¿ wf/f #* dfpNn]lvt ;Dk"0f{ /fi6«x¿nfO{ k7fpg]5g\.

hah{:tL a]kQf kfl/gaf6 gful/sx¿sf];+/If0f;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf]

3f]if0ffkq, !((@

;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo cfof]uåf/f @*km]a'|c/L !((@ sf] k|:tfj g+= O{÷;L Pg$÷!((@÷@( cg';f/ hah{:tL a]kQf kfg]{sfdaf6 ;Dk"0f{ JolQmx¿nfO{ ;'/Iff k|bfg ug]{;DaGwL d:of}bf 3f]if0ffkq ;+o'Qm, /fi6«;ª\3sf];fwf/0ff ;efdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo cfly{s tyf;fdflhs kl/ifb\ -;ldlt_ dfkm{t\ cg'df]bgsf]nflu k|:t't eof]. ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3 ;fwf/0f;efn]pQm 3f]if0ffkq k|:tfj g+= $&÷!## ldlt !*l8;]Da/ !((@ df æ;Dk"0f{ /fi6«x¿sf] nflulgb]{zs l;4fGtsf ¿kdf :jLsf/ u¥of] / æo;3f]if0ffkqaf/] ;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;d]t hfgsf/L x'g] /kfngf x'g] cj:yfsf] ;[hgf ug{ x/;Dejpkfox¿ cjnDag ug]{Æ s'/fdf ljz]if hf]8lbof]. o; l;4fGtsf] d"nkf7 -ljifoj:t'_ tnlbOPsf] 5.

of] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf] j8fkqsf]p2]Zosf] lgif]w Pjd\ dfgjclwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL3f]if0ffkq tyf o;;DaGwL cGo cGt/f{li6«ok|fjwfg -;+oGq_ df pNn]lvt dfgjclwsf/ /cfwf/e"t :jtGqtfsf] uDeL/ Pjd\ nHhfhgsxgg xf] egL lgGbf ul/G5.

wf/f !!= a]kQf kfl/g] s'g} klg sfd dfgj

ul/dfk|ltsf] v'Nnf ck/fw xf]. o;nfO{;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf ærf6{/x¿sf] p2]ZoPjd\ dfgjclwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL3f]if0ffkqdf pb\3f]lift cfwf/e"t :jtGqtf /dfgjclwsf/sf] uDeL/ Pjd\ nHhfhgspNnª\3gÆ sf] ¿kdf c:jLs[t / cfnf]rgful/Psf] 5. ;fy} o;;Fu ;Da4 cGt/f{li6«opkfox¿sf ¿kdf :jLsf/ u/L ljsl;tul/Psf] 5.

@= o; lsl;dsf] hah{:tL a]kQf kfl/g]sfdaf6 a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿ sfg'gsf]

368


;'/Iff /]vfeGbf aflx/ kb{5g\. pgLx¿ tyfpgLx¿sf kl/jf/x¿n] cdfgjLo oftgfef]Ug' kb{5. o;n] tL cGt/f{li6«osfg'gx¿sf] pNnª\3g ub{5 h;n] cGos'/fsf ;fy;fy} sfg'gsf b[li6df Pp6fsfg'gx¿sf] pNnª\3g ub{5 h;n] cGos'/fsf ;fy;fy} sfg'gsf b[li6df Pp6fJolQmsf ¿kdf kl/lrt x'g kfpg] xs,JolQmut :jtGqtf / ;'/Iffsf] xs, tyfoftgf / cGo lgb{oL cdfgjLo cyjflgDg:t/sf] Jojxf/ jf ;hfo lj¿4sf]xsnfO{ Uof/]06L ug]{ cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gx¿sf]pNnª\3g ub{5. of] dflg;sf] afFRg kfpg]clwsf/sf] pNnª\3gsf ;fy} o;k|ltsf]uDeL/ r'gf}tL klg xf].

wf/f @!= s'g} klg d'n'sn] hah{:tL a]kQf kfg]{ sfd

u g]{ 5}g, ug]{ cg'dlt lbg] 5}g / o:tfsfdnfO{ ;xg klg ug]{ 5}g.

@= /fHox¿n] /fli6«o / If]qLo :t/df / ;+o'Qm/fi6«;ª\3;Fu ldn]/ hah{:tL a]kQf kfg]{sfdsf] pGd"ng / /f]syfdsf] nflu x/;Dejpkfoaf6 of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] sfd ug]{ 5g\.

wf/f #k|To]s /fi6«n] cfˆgf] clwsf/ If]qleqsf]

sg} klg e"–efudf hah{:tL a]kQf kfg]{ sfdsf]/f]syfd / ;dflKtsf nflu k|efjsf/L Goflos,k|zf;lgs, sfg'gL Joj:yfnufot cGo x/;Dejpkfox¿ cjnDag ug]{5.

wf/f $!= ;a} lsl;dsf hah{:tL a]kQf kfg]{ sfdnfO{

u}/sfg'gL 7x/ u/L ck/fw P]gcGtu{tcToGt uDeL/ ck/fwsf] ¿kdf lnO{ plrtb08 ;hfo lbOg]5.

@= /fli6«o Gofo Joj:yfdf tL JolQmx¿sf] nflu;hfo sd ug]{ kl/l:yltsf] :yfkgf ug{;lsg]5. h;n] hah{:tL a]kQf kfg]{ sfddf;l/s eP tfklg cleo'QmnfO{ lhpFb} lkmtf{

a'emfpg ;xof]u ub{5g\ jf :j]R5fn] To:tf;"rgf -hfgsf/L lbG5g\ h;sf] ;xof]uaf6hah{:tL a]kQf kfl/Psfsf] d'2fnfO{ :ki6ug{ of]ubfg k'¥ofpF5.

wf/f %o:tf ck/flws ;hfonfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg'{sfcltl/Qm, hah{:tL a]kQf kg]{ sfd ug]{ck/fwLx¿nfO{ / /fHo jf /fHo ;ª\u7gk|ltpQ/bfoL clwsf/Lx¿ h;n] o:tf a]kQf kfg]{Joj:yf ldnfpF5g\, df}g ;xdlt lbG5g\ jf lj/f]wub}{gg\ oL ;a}nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gsf] l;4fGtd'tfljs ;DalGwt /fi6«sf] cGt/f{li6«o bfloTjk|lts'g} k|lts"n k|efj gkg]{ u/L gful/scbfnt;dIf k]z ul/g'k5{.

wf/f ^!= s'g} klg lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglw, gful/s,

;}lgs jf c¿ s;]sf] cfb]z jf lgb]{zghah{:tL a]kQf kfg]{ sfdnfO{ plrt ;fljtug]{ sf/0f x'g ;Sb}g. s'g} klg JolQm h;n]o:tf cfb]z jf lgb]{zg kfpF5, tL cfb]z jflgb]{zgsf] cj1f ug'{ p;sf] clwsf/ /st{Jo klg x'g]5.

@= k|To]s /fi6«n] of] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfgug'{k5{ ls s'g} cfb]z jf lgb]{zgnfO{ h;n]hah{:tL a]kQf kfg]{ clwsf/ k|Tofof]hg u5{jf k|f]T;flxt u5{, k"0f{tM lgif]w ul/g]5.

wf/f &h'g;'s} c;fwf/0f cj:yf rfx] Tof] o'4sf]

wDsL, o'4sf] cj:yf, cfGtl/s /fhgLltscl:y/tf jf ;fj{hlgs ;ª\s6sfnLg cj:yf g}lsg gxf];\ hah{:tL a]kQf kfg]{ sfdnfO{ plrt;fljt ug{df k|of]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g.

wf/f *!= s'g} klg /fi6«n] To:tf] JolQm csf]{ /fi6«nfO{

lkmtf{ ug'{, lgjf{l;t ug'{ cyjf jf/bft ePsf]d'n'sdf lkmtf{ ug'{x'Fb}g h;nfO{ hah{:tLa]kQf kfl/g] vt/f ePsf] s'/f ljZjf;ug{sf nflu e/kbf{ cfwf/x¿ 5g\.

369


@= o:tf] l:ylt s'g} d'n'sdf 5 jf 5}g eGg] s'/flglZrt ug{sf nflu ;Da4 ;Ifdclwsf/Lx¿n] Jojxfl/s eP;Dd ;DalGwtd'n'sdf dfgjclwsf/ pNnª\3gsf];fd"lxs, cToGt v/fj, 7"nf] ¿knufots:tf] vfnsf] 9fFrf /x]s]f 5 eGg] ljifodfljrf/ k'¥ofpg] 5g\.

wf/f (!= h:tf];'s} cj:yfdf klg hah{:tL a]kQf kfg]{

sfd /f]Sgsf nflu :jtGqtfsf] xsvf]l;Psf JolQmx¿sf] :jf:Yosf] cj:yf /pgLx¿ sxfF 5g\ / of] :jtGqtf xgg ug]{jf /f]Sg cfb]z lbg] clwsf/Lx¿ kQfnufpg tTsfn k|efjsf/L sfg'gL pkrf/sfxs cfjZos 5. -wf/f & df pNn]vul/Psf] nufot_

@= o:tf sfg'gx¿sf ;Ifd /fli6«o lgof]ux¿sf]kx'Fr tL ;a} :yfgx¿df x'g]5 hxfF :jtGqtfxgg ul/Psf JolQmx¿ /flvPsf x'G5g\ /To:tf] k|To]s 7fpFx¿df klg hxfF;Dd o:tfJolQmx¿ kfpg ;lsG5 eGg] ljZjf; ug]{cfwf/x¿ 5g\.

#= c¿ s'g} ;Ifd lgof]ux¿ h;nfO{ /fHosf]sfg'gn] cyjf s'g} cGt/f{li6«o Gofloscg'aGwn] h;df Tof] /fi6« klg ;xefuL x'G5,clwsf/ lbPsf] x'G5, pgLx¿sf] klg To;7fpFdf kx'Fr x'g]5.

wf/f !)!= :jtGqtfsf] xs vf]l;Psf] s'g} klg

JolQmnfO{ cflwsfl/s ¿kdf dfGotfk|fKt7fpFdf dfq lx/f;tdf /flvg]5 / lx/f;tdf/fVgf;fy To; /fi6«sf] d'n'sL P]g adf]lhdGoflos clwsf/L;dIf k]z ul/g] 5.

@= To:tf JolQmnfO{ lx/f;tdf /flvPsf] af/]df/ lx/f;tdf /flvPsf] 7fpF / :yfgfGt/0fsfaf/]df ;d]t pgLx¿sf] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿,;Nnfxsf/x¿ cyjf c¿ JolQmx¿ h;nfO{Goflos hfgsf/L xfl;n ug]{ cle¿lr 5,;a}nfO{ ;xL hfgsf/L tTsfn} pknAw

u/fOg' k5{. -;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmx¿n] oLhfgsf/Lx¿ pknAw gu/fpg cg'/f]w u/]sf]cj:yfdf afx]s_

#= :jtGqtfsf] xs vf]l;Psf ;a} JolQmx¿sf]cflwsfl/s / cBfjlws clen]v ;a}lx/f;t :yndf /flvg]5. o; cltl/Qmk|To]s /fi6«x¿n] o:t} clen]vx¿ s]Gb|Lo/lhi6f/df /fVg] Joj:Yf ldnfpg] 5g\. oL/lhi6«f/x¿df ;ª\slnt hfgsf/L dflyNnf]cg'R5]bdf pNn]v ul/Psf ;a}dflg;x¿nfO{ pknAw u/fOg]5 ;fy} s'g}klg Goflos jf c¿ s'g} ;Ifd / :jtGq/fli6«o lgof]u, s'g} klg of]uo lgof]u h;nfO{;DalGwt /fi6«sf] sfg'gn] clwsf/ lbPsf] 5jf ;DalGwt /fi6« ;b:o /x]sf]n] cGt/f{li6«oGoflos cg'aGwn] clwsf/ lbPsf] 5,pgLx¿nfO{ pknAw u/fOg] 5 hf] lx/f;tdf/flvPs]f s'g} JolQm sxfF 5 eGg] s'/f kQfnufpg] sfddf ;l/s /x]sf x'G5g\.

wf/f !!:jtGqtfsf] xsaf6 jl~rt ul/Psf

JolQmx¿nfO{ cfˆgf clwsf/nfO{ ;'/lIft ¿kdfk|of]u ug{ ;Sg] zf/Ll/s cj:yf / Ifdtfdf5'6sf/f kfPsf 5g\ 5}gg\ To;df klg e/kbf]{hfFr k8\tfn ug]{ cg'dlt;lxt 5'6sf/f lbOg'k5{.pgLx¿ ;fFRr} g} 5'6]sf x'g\ jf xf]Ogg\ o;sf] klg:ki6 hfgsf/L lbOg'k5{.

wf/f !@!= k|To]s /fi6«n] cfˆgf] d'n'sL P]gcGtu{t

To:tf lgodx¿ :yflkt ug]{5g\ h;af6 tLclwsf/Lx¿nfO{ :jtGqtfsf] xs vf]:g]clwsf/ lbOPsf] x'G5, pgLx¿n] o:tfcfb]zx¿ lbg ;lsg] ljz]if cj:yfx¿ toug]{5g\. tL clwsf/Lx¿ h;n] :ki6 sfg'gLcfwf/ ljgf lx/f;tdf /flvPsf JolQmsfaf/]df hfgsf/L lbg c:jLsf/ u5{g\,pgLx¿nfO{ :ki6 / s8f b08 ;hfosf]Joj:yf ug]{ P]g agfpg] 5g\.

370


@= To:t} k|sf/n] k|To]s /fi6«n], ;a} sfg'g nfu"u/fpg] lhDd]jf/ clws[tx¿ hf] kqmfp ug]{,lx/f;tdf /fVg], ;¿jf / s}b ug]{ / c¿sfg'gn] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ;}Go /xftxltof/ ;d]t k|of]u ug{sf nflulhDd]jf/ 5g\, pgLx¿n] cfb]zsf] k"0f{tMkfng u/]sf 5g\ / pgLx¿dfly s8flg/LIf0f Joj:yf nfu" ul/Psf] 5 eGg]s'/fsf] ljZjf; lbnfpg' k5{.

wf/f !#!= k|To]s /fi6«x¿n] of] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf

k|bfg ug]{ 5g\ ls sfg'gL 1fg jf cle¿lrePsf] s'g} JolQm hah{:tL a]kQf kfl/Psf] 5eGg] s'/fsf] bfjL ub{5 eg] p;n] ;Ifd /lgikIf /fli6«o lgof]u;Fu ph'/L ug{ ;Qm5.pQm ph'/Ldfly ;f] lgof]un] ;Dk"0f{s'/fx¿nfO{ s]nfP/ t'¿Gt} lgikIf 9ª\un]5fgljgsf] sfo{jfxL ug'{k5{. hah{:tL a]kQfkfg]{ sfd ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf ljZj;gLocfwf/ ePdf s'g} klg ph'/L a]u/ /fHon]pQm d'2f k'k{Ifsf nflu t'¿Gt ;DalGwtlgsfodf k7fpg'k5{. Tof] 5fgljgsf]sfdddf s'g} klg lsl;dsf] afwf cj/f]w,l9nf;':tL jf sdL cfpg lbg'x'Fb}g.

@= k|To]s /fi6«n] of] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfgug'{k5{ ls Tof] ;Ifd lgof]u;Fu k|efjsf/L9ª\un] 5fgljg sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ l;nl;nfdf;fIfLx¿nfO{ pkl:yt x'g afWo ug]{,;DalGwt b:tfj]h tof/ ug]{ tyf t'¿Gt36gf:yn lg/LIf0f ug]{ nufot cGocfjZos clwsf/ / ;|f]t;fwg pknAw 5.

# 5fgljg sfo{df ;ª\nUg jfbL, sfg'gL;Nnfxsf/, ;fIfL / 5fgljgstf{ nufot5fgljg sfo{df ;ª\nUg ;a} JolQmx¿b'Jo{jxf/, cfqmd0f / wfs–wDsLsf] lzsf/x'g' gk/f];\ eGg] ;'lglZrt ug{ cfjZossbd rflng]5.

$= o:tf 5fgljgaf6 k|fKt lgisif{ kfpg cg'/f]wug]{ clwsf/ ;DalGwt ;a}nfO{ pknAw u/fOg]5, t/ o;f] ubf{ ck/fw 5fgljgsf]sfo{df s'g} lj£g eg] kg{ lbg'x'Gg.

%= jfbL btf{ ug]{ qmddf cyjf 5fgljgk|lqmofsf qmddf x'g] s'g} klg lsl;dsfb'Jo{jxf/, cfqmd0f / wfs–wDsL cyjf cGolsl;dsf afwf Jojwfgsf lj¿4 plrtb08 ;hfo lbg cfjZos sbd rflng] s'/f;'lglZrt x'g]5.

^= hah{:tL a]kQf kfg]{ sfdsf lzsf/ePsfx¿sf] eljio lg0f{o ha;Dd c:ki6/xG5 ta;Dd dfly j0f{g ul/Psfk|lqmofx¿sf cfwf/df vf]hljg sfo{ hf/L/xg]5.

wf/f !$s'g} klg JolQm h;dfly s'g} vf; /fi6«df

hah{:tL a]kQf kfg]{ ck/fw u/]sf] cleof]unfu]sf] 5 eg] p;nfO{ s'g} ;/sf/L 5fgljgaf6k|fKt tYosf cfwf/df jf/]06 ul/G5 ta p;nfO{To; /fi6«sf] ;Ifd gful/s cfof]u ;dIfck/fwLaf6 ¿kdf k'k{Ifsf] nflu k]z ul/g]5.olb pQm JolQmnfO{ csf]{ /fi6«n] o:tf] lsl;dsf]sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;demfbf/Lcg'¿k sfg'gL ceof;sf nflu k|:t't ug]{sfo{qmd /fv]sf] /xg]5 eg] /fi6«x¿n] hah{:tLa]kQf kfg]{ sfdk|lt pQ/bfoL x'g] ;Dej -cleo'Qmx¿_ ;a} JolQmx¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] Gofloscfof]u;dIf cyjf cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdfcbfnt;dIf k]z ug{ pko'Qm sfg'gL sfo{jfxLug'{kg]{5.

wf/f !%olb s'g} JolQmn] wf/f $ cg'R5]b ! df

pNn]v ul/P h:tf cToGt uDeL/ k|s[ltsf]lqmofsnfkdf efu lnPsf] 5 eGg] tYo ljZjf;ug{ ;lsg] alnof cfwf/x¿ 5g\ eg] /fi6«sf;Ifd lgsfox¿n] /fhgLlts z/0f lbg] ls glbg]eGg] ljifodf lg0f{o ubf{ p2]Zok|lt ljNs'n} jf:tfg/flvsg oL ;a} s'/fsf] n]vfhf]vf ul/g]5.

wf/f !^!= tL JolQmx¿ h;n] wf/f $ cg'R5]b ! df

pNn]v ul/Psf sfo{x¿ u/]sf 5g\ eGg]

371


cleof]u nfu]sf] 5, pgLx¿nfO{ wf/f !# dfpNn]v ul/Pcg';f/ x'g] 5fgljg sfo{ljljwe/L ;a} ;/sf/L sfdaf6 lgnDag ul/g]5.

@= tL d'2fx¿sf] ;'g'jfO{ s'g} klg /fi6«sf] ;Ifd;fwf/0f cbfntdf x'g]5, ljz]if l6«Jo'gnvf;u/L ;}lgs cbfntaf6 x'g] 5}g.

#= o:tf vfnsf sfg'gL sfo{jfxLx¿dfs'6gLlts ;DaGwaf/] leogf cle;lGwdfpNn]lvt ækIfkftsf] k"j{;ª\s]tÆ afx]s c¿s'g} ;'ljwf ;x'lnot cyjf ljz]if 5'6 lbOg]5}g.

$= o:tf lqmofsnfksf] nflu pQ/bfoL 7flgPsfJolQmx¿dfly dfgjclwsf/sf] ;fj{ef}d3f]if0ffkq / c¿ ;Da4 lqmofzLncGt/f{li6«o cle;lGwx¿åf/f 5fgljgsf]k|To]s r/0fdf / cleo'QmnfO{ cbfnt;dIfck/fw cleof]u nufpg] / sfg'gL sfo{jfxLug]{ qmddf plrt Jojxf/ ul/g] s'/fsf]Uof/]06L k|bfg ul/g]5.

wf/f !&!= hah{:tL a]kQf kfg]{ sfdnfO{ h3Go ck/fw

7fGg] sfg'gL Joj:yf ToltGh]n;Dd sfod/xg]5 ha;Dd ck/fwLx¿n] a]kQf ePsfJolQmx¿ sxfF 5g\ eGg] tYo / pgLx¿sf]l:yltaf/] c:ki6tf /xG5.

@= ha gful/s / /fhgLlts xs af/]sf]cGt/f{li6«o cg'aGwsf] wf/f ;Lldttfsf]P]gx¿ klg lgnlDat x'g]5g\ -ha;Dd oLbfloTjx¿ k'ga{xfnL x'g] 5}gg\ ta;Ddsfnflu_.

#= hah{:tL a]kQf kfl/g] sfd;Fu ;DalGwtsfg'gL aGb]hx¿ 5g\ eg] tL ck/fw sfo{sf]cTolws uDeL/tf cg'¿k ;f/k"0f{ / plrtx'g]5g\.

wf/f !*!= tL JolQmx¿ h;n] wf/f $ cg'R5]b ! df

pNn]lvt ck/fw u/]sf 5g\ jf cleof]unufOPsf 5g\ pgLx¿n] s'g} ljz]if Ifdfbfgsfg'g jf To;;Fu ldNbfh'Nbf

lgodx¿dfkm{t\ ck/fwsf] ;hfoaf6 pDsg]s'g} klg gfhfoh nfe p7fpg kfpg] 5}gg\.

@= Ifdfbfg lbg kfpg] clwsf/sf] k|of]u ubf{klg hah{:tL a]kQf kfg]{ sfdsf] cTolwsuDeL/tfnfO{ Wofg lbOg]5.

wf/f !(hah{:tL a]kQf kfl/g] sfdaf6 k|efljt

x'g]x¿ / pgLx¿sf kl/jf/n] Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] 5g\/ pgLx¿nfO{ x'g;Sg] ;Dk"0f{ k'gJo{Joj:yfkgsfpkfox¿nufot ;d'lrt Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] clwsf/x'g]5.

wf/f @)!= /fHox¿n] hah{:tL a]kQf kfl/Psf

cfdfafa'sf s]6fs]6Lx¿ / ;f] cj:yfsfcfdfaf6 hGd]sf ;Gtfgx¿sf] ck/0f /f]Sg]/ o:tf sfo{nfO{ bafpg] 5\ ;fy} o:tfs]6fs]6Lx¿sf] klxrfg, vf]htnf; /pgLx¿nfgO{ k'gM cfˆg} cfdfafa',3/kl/jf/df lkmtf{ k7fpg] Joj:yf ldnfpgb[9tfk"j{s nfUg]5g\.

@= cl3Nnf] cg'R5]bdf pNn]lvt s]6fs]6Lx¿sf]cTolws cle¿lrnfO{ ;'/Iff lbg] s'/fnfO{Wofgdf /fVbf, tL /fi6«x¿ hxfF wd{k'q÷k'qL/fVg kfpg] k|fjwfg 5– ToxfF o:tfs]6fs]6LnfO{ wd{k'q /fVg] s'/fdf k'glj{rf/ug'{ pko'Qm x'g]5. vf; u/]/ hah{:tL a]kQfkfl/Psf cj:yfdf hlGdPsf s]6fs]6LnfO{wd{k'q /fVg] sfdnfO{ cj}w 3f]lift ug'{k5{.s]6fs]6Lsf ;aeGbf glhssf gft]bf/x¿n]:jLs[lt lbPdf o:tf wd{k'q /fVg] sfdx¿dfly pNn]v ul/Pem}F k'glj{rf/ ug]{cj:yfdf klg hf/L /xg ;Sg]5.

#= hah{:tL a]kQf kfl/Psf cfdfafa'sfs]6fs]6Lx¿ jf hah{:tL a]kQf kfl/Psfcj:yfsL cfdfaf6 hlGdPsf s]6fs]6Lsf]ckx/0f / lnª\u abNg] sfd jf pgLx¿sf]pxL klxrfg lbg] sfuhft gi6 ug]{ sfdnfO{klg plQs} uDeL/ ck/fwsf] ¿kdf lnOg]5/ hah{:tL a]kQf kfg]{ sfd ug]{nfO{ em}F;hfo lbOg]5.

372


$= oL p2]Zox¿ k"/f ug{ /fHox¿n] cf}lrTo x]/LlåkIfLo jf ax'kIfLo ;Demf}tfx¿ ug]{5g\.

wf/f @!jt{dfg 3f]if0ffkqsf k|fjwfgx¿n]

dfgjclwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkqdf :ki6cleJoQm cjwf/0ff cyjf c¿ s'g} cGt/f{li6«ok|fjwfgx¿df JoQm ljrf/x¿nfO{ s'g} jfwfk'¥ofPsf] 7flgg' x'Fb}g. o;af6 tL 3f]if0ffkqx¿df;dflji6 k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ xf]RofOPsf] cyjf afwfk'¥ofOPsf] cy{ nufOg' x'Gg.

dfgjclwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ffkq,!($*

wf/f #k|To]s JolQmnfO{ j}olQms :jtGqtf /

cfTd;'/Iffsf] clwsf/ x'g]5.

wf/f %s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ zf/Ll/s oftgf lbOg]

5}g tyf lgb{oL, cdfg'lifs jf ckdfghgsJojxf/ jf ;hfo ul/g] 5}g.

wf/f (s;}nfO{ klg dgf]dfgL 9ª\un] b]z lgsfnf

jf lu/km\tf/ jf gh/aGb ul/g] 5}g.

wf/f !)s'g} JolQmpk/ nfufOPsf] kmf}hbf/L

cf/f]ksf] lj¿4 lghsf] clwsf/ / bfloTjlg/f]k0f ub}{ :jtGq / Gofoo'Qm cbfntaf6;'g'jfO{sf] xs k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;dfg¿kn] x'g]5.

gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/;DaGwLcGt/f{li6«o k|lt1fkq, !(^^

wf/f !-!_ ;Dk"0f{ hgtfnfO{ cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ 5.To; clwsf/sf] sf/0faf6 g} pgLx¿:jtGqtfk"j{s cfkm\gf] /fhgLlts x}l;ot lgwf{/0f

ub{5g\ tyf :jtGqtfk"j{s cfkm\gf] cfly{s,;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts ljsf;df nfUb5g\.

wf/f ^-!_ k|To]s JolQmdf hLjgsf] cGt/lgxLtclwsf/ 5. sfg'gåf/f of] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0ful/g]5. :j]R5frf/L¿kn] s;}sf] klg hLjg x/0ful/g] 5}g.

wf/f &s;}nfO{ klg oftgf lbOg] jf qm"/,

cdfgjLo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/ jf ;hfoul/g] 5}g. ljz]if u/L s;}nfO{ klg lghsf]:jtGq d~h'/L ljgf lrlsT;sLo jf j}1flgsk|of]u ef]Ug nufOg] 5}g.

wf/f (-!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ :jtGqtf tyf ;'/Iffsf]

clwsf/ 5. s;}nfO{ klg :j]R5frf/L ¿kn]kqmfp ug{ jf y'gfdf /fVg kfOg] 5}g.sfg'gaf6 lgwf{l/t cfwf/df jf sfo{ljlwadf]lhd afx]s s;}sf] j}olQms :jtGqtfsf]ckx/0f ul/g] 5}g.

-@_ kqmfp ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ug]{ ;dodflghnfO{ kqmfp u/]sf] sf/0fsf] ;"rgflbOg]5 tyf lgh lj¿4 nufOPsf] cf/f]ksf]t'¿Gt hfgsf/L lbOg]5.

-$_ kqmfp jf y'gfaf6 :jtGqtf ckx/0ful/Psf] s'g} klg JolQmn] s'g} cbfnt;dIfsf/jfxL yfngL ug{ kfpg]5 tfls ;f]cbfntn] ljnDa gu/L lghsf] y'gfsf]j}wtfsf] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ug{ tyf y'gfO{sfg'gL gePdf lghnfO{ l/xfO{ ug{ cfb]zlbg ;Sg]5.

-%_ u}/sfg'gL kqmfp jf y'gfaf6 kLl8t ePsf]s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ Ifltk"lt{sf sfof{Gjogug{ ;lsg] clwsf/ x'g]5.

wf/f !$-!_ ;a} JolQmx¿ cbfnt tyf

Gofoflws/0fx¿sf] cufl8 ;dfg x'g]5g\.cfkm" lj¿4sf] s'g} kmf}hbf/L cleof]u

373


lgwf{/0f ubf{ jf s'g} sfg'gL d'2fdf lghsf]clwsf/ tyf st{Jox¿sf] lgwf{/0f ubf{k|To]s JolQmnfO{ sfg'gåf/f :yflkt ;Ifd,:jtGq tyf lgikIf Gofoflws/0faf6;dfhdf g}ltstf, ;fj{hlgs Joj:yf jf/fli6«o ;'/Iffsf] sf/0fn] jf kIfx¿sf]JolQmut hLjgsf] lxtdf To;f] ug'{kg]{ ePdfjf ljz]if kl/l:yltdf ;fj{hlgs ubf{Gofosf] lxtdf k|lts"n k|efj kg{;S5 eGg]s'/f cbfntnfO{ nfu]sf] cj:yfdfcTofjZos ePsf] xb;Dd ;Dk"0f{ ;'g'jfO{jf To;sf] s'g} c+zaf6 kqsf/ -k|];_ tyfhgtfnfO{ k[ys /fVg ;lsg]5, t/t¿0fx¿sf] lxtsf] /Iff ug{ cGoyf ug'{kg]{ePsf] jf sf/jfxLx¿ j}jflxs ljjfb jfafnaflnsfsf] ;+/IfsTj;Fu ;DalGwtePsf] cj:yfdf afx]s s'g} kmf}hbf/L d'2fdfjf sfg'gL d'2fdf ul/Psf km};nfx¿;fj{hlgs ul/g]5.

wf/f @^;a} JolQmx¿ sfg'gsf] b[li6df ;dfg 5g\

/ s'g] e]befj ljgf sfg'gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0fsfxsbf/ 5g\. o; ;DaGwdf sfg'gn] s'g}e]befjnfO{ lgif]w ug]{5 / ;a} JolQmnfO{ hflt,j0f{, lnª\u, efiff, wd{, /fhgLlts jf cGo ljrf/,/fli6«o jf ;fdflhs pTklQ, ;DklQ, hGd jfcGo x}l;otsf cfwf/df s'g} klg e]befj lj¿4;dfg tyf k|efjsf/L ;+/If0fsf] k|Tofe"lt lbg]5.

oftgflj¿4sf] dxf;lGw, !(*$

wf/f @-!_ k|To]s kIf/fi6«n] cfkm\gf] If]qflwsf/

cGtu{tsf] s'g} Onfsfdf oftgfsfsfo{x¿sf] /f]syfd ug{sf nflu k|efjsf/LJoj:yfksLo, k|zf;lgs, Goflos jf cGopkfox¿ ckgfpg]5.

-@_ o'4sf] l:ylt jf wDsL jf o'4 xf];\ jfh:tf];'s} ckjfbhgs kl/l:yltx¿,cfGtl/s /fhgLlts cl:y/tf jf cGo s'g}

;fj{hlgs ;ª\s6 xf];\, nfO{ oftgfsf]cf}lrTotfsf] ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug{ ;lsg] 5}g.

-#_ dflyNnf] txsf] clws[t jf ;fj{hlgslgsfosf] cfb]znfO{ oftgfsf] cf}lrTotfsf]¿kdf :jLsf/ ug{ ;lsg] 5}g.

wf/f !$-!_ k|To]s kIf/fi6«n] oftgfsf] sfo{af6 kLl8t

JolQmn] p4f/ kfpg] tyf ;+ej eP;Dd k"0f{;f] JolQmsf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] pkfox¿ nufotplrt tyf kof{Kt Ifltk"lt{ k|fKt ug{ nfu"nufpg ;lsg] clwsf/ k|fKt u5{ eGg] s'/fcfkm\gf] sfg'gL k|0ffnLdf ;'lglZrt ug]{5g\.oftgfsf] kmn:j¿k kLl8t ePsf] JolQmsf]d[To' ePdf p;sf cfl>tx¿nfO{ Ifltk"lt{kfpg] clwsf/ x'g]5.

h]g]ef dxf;lGwx¿sf] ;femf wf/f #pRr ;+ljbfsf/L kIfx¿dWo] s'g} Pp6f

zlQmsf] e"–efudf ePsf] u}/cGt/f{li6«o k|s[ltsf];z:q ;ª\3if{sf] cj:yfdf, ;ª\3if{sf] s'g} klgkIf, b]xfoadf]lhdsf Joj:yfx¿ Go"gtd ¿kdfnfu" ug{ jfWo x'g]5M–

!= zq'tfk"0f{ sf/jfxLdf ;lqmo¿kdf efuglng] ;z:q ansf xltof/ Tofu]sf JolQm/ la/fdL, 3fOt] eO{ jf y'gfdf k/L jf cGos'g} sf/0faf6 o'4 n8\g g;Sg] ePsfJolQmx¿nfO{ hflt, j0f{, wd{ jf cf:yf, ln+u,hGd jf wg ;DklQ jf cGo To:t} k|s[ltsfdfkb08sf cfwf/df, ;a} kl/l:yltdfe]befj gu/L dfgjLo Jojxf/ ul/g]5.o;sf lglDt b]xfoadf]lhdsf sfo{x¿h'g;'s} 7fpF / ;dodf, dfly plNnlvthf];'s} JolQmx¿sf ;DaGwdf k|ltalGwt 5g\/ /xg]5g\M–

s_ hLp–Hofg lj¿4sf] lx+;f, ljz]ifu/L ;a}lsl;dsf xTof, c+ue+u, qm"/ Jojxf/ /oftgf,

v_ JolQmnfO{ aGws agfpg] sfo{,u_ JolQmut dof{bfdf cf3ft k'¥ofpg',

374


ljz]ifu/L ckdfghgs / lt/:sf/k"j{sJojxf/ ug'{,

3_ ;Eo ;dfhn] cTofjZos 7fg]sf ;Dk"0f{Goflos k|Tofe"lt ePsf] lgoldt ¿kdful7t cbfntsf] lg0f{o ljgf b08 ;'gfpg' /To;nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug'{.

@= 3fOt] / la/fdLx¿nfO{ hDdf ul/g]5 /ltgnfO{ x]/ljrf/ ul/g]5.

/]8qm;sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;ldlth:tf] s'g}

lgikIf dfgjLo ;+:yfn] ;ª\3if{sf kIfx¿nfO{cfkm\gf] ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5.

;ª\3if{sf kIfx¿n] o; dxf;lGwsf;Dk"0f{ k|fjwfgx¿ jf s]xL k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ ljz]if;Demf}Tfsf] dfWodåf/f nfu" u/fpg yk k|of;ug'{kb{5. klxn]sf k|fjwfgx¿sf] k|of]un];ª\3if{sf kIfx¿sf] sfg'gL x}l;otdf s'g} c;/k'¥ofpg] 5}g.g';"rL #=

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#efu #M df}lns xs!@= :jtGqtfsf] xs-!_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg]

xs x'g]5 / d[To' b08sf] ;hfo x'g] u/L s'g}sfg'g agfOg] 5}g.

-@_ sfg'g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} klg JolQmsf]j}olQms :jtGqtf ckx/0f x'g] 5}g.

-#_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ b]xfosf] :jtGqtf x'g]5M-s_ ljrf/ / cleJolQmsf] :jtGqtf,-v_ lagf xftxltof/ zflGtk"j{s e]nf x'g]

:jtGqtf,-u_ /fhg}lts bn vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,-3_ ;ª\3 / ;+:yf vf]Ng] :jtGqtf,-ª_ g]kfnsf] s'g} klg efudf cfjthfjt /

a;f]jf; ug]{ :jtGqtf,-r_ s'g} k]zf, /f]huf/, pBf]u / Jofkf/ ug]{

:jtGqtf.@$= Gofo;DaGwL xs M-!_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf]

sf/0f;lxtsf] ;"rgf glbO{ y'gfdf /flvg]5}g.

-@_ kqmfpdf k/]sf JolQmnfO{ kqmfp k/]sf];dodf g} cfk"mn] /f]h]sf] sfg'g Joj;foL;Fu;Nnfx lng kfpg] xs x'g]5. To:tf] JolQmn]cfˆgf] sfg'g Joj;foL;Fu u/]sf] k/fdz{ /lghn] lbPsf] ;Nnfx uf]Ko /xg]5 / To:tf]JolQmnfO{ cfˆgf] sfg'g Joj;foLåf/f k'k{Ifug{] xsaf6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g.

-#_ kqmfp ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ kqmfp ePsf];doaf6 af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s rf}aL;306fleq d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/L;dIf pkl:ytu/fpg' kg{]5 / To:tf] clwsf/Laf6 cfb]zePdf afx]s kqmfp ePsf JolQmnfO{ y'gfdf/flvg] 5}g.

-%_ s'g} cleof]u nufOPsf] JolQmnfO{ lghn]u/]sf] s;"/ k|dfl0ft geP;Dd s;"/bf/dflgg] 5}g.

-*_ k|To]s JolQmnfO{ lgh lj¿4 ul/Psf]sf/afxLsf] hfgsf/L kfpg] xs x'g]5.

-(_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ ;Ifd cbfnt jf Gofloslgsfoaf6 :jR5 ;'g'jfOsf] xs x'g]5.

375

a]kQf kfl/g] sfo{lj¿4 / a]kQf kfl/gaf6 gful/snfO{

;+/If0f k|bfg ug]{ /fli6«o dfkb08x¿

cg';"rLM #


@%= lgjf/s gh/aGb lj¿4sf] xs M-!_ g]kfn /fHosf] ;fj{ef}d;Qf / cv08tf jf

;fj{hlgs zflGt / Joj:yfdf tTsfn vnnkg]{ kof{Kt cfwf/ geO{ s;}nfO{ klg lgaf/sgh/aGbdf /flvg] 5}g.

-@_ lgjf/s gh/aGb /fVg] clwsf/Ln] sfg'gljk/Lt jf jblgotk"j{s s;}nfO{ gh/aGb/fv]df gh/aGb /x]sf] JolQmn] sfg'gåf/ftf]lsPadf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ kfpg]5.

@^= oftgf lj¿4sf] xs M-!_ cg';Gwfg, txlssft jf k'k{Ifsf]

l;nl;nfdf jf c¿ s'g} lsl;dn] y'gfdf/x]sf] s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ zf/Ll/s jfdfgl;s oftgf lbOg] jf lgh;Fu lgd{d,cdfgjLo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/ ul/g]5}g.

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ sfg'gåf/fb08gLo x'g]5 / To:tf] Jojxf/ ul/Psf]JolQmnfO{ sfg'gn] lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhdsf]Ifltk"lt{ lbOg]5.

efu $M /fHosf] bfloTj, lgb]{zs l;4fGt tyfgLltx¿##= /fHosf] bfloTjM/fHosf] bfloTj b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M–-y_ ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf a]kQf kfl/Psf

JolQmx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ul7t 5fglagcfof]usf] k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df To:tfJolQmx¿sf kLl8t kl/jf/x¿nfO{ /fxtpknAw u/fpg].

efu !(M ;ª\s6sfnLg clwsf/!$#= ;ª\s6sfnLg clwsf/ M-&_ ======= t/ wf/f !@ sf] pkwf/f -!_, -@_, /pkwf/f -#_ sf] v08 -u_ / -3_, wf/f !# / !$,wf/f !% sf] pkwf/f -@_ / -#_, wf/f !^, !&,!*, @), @!, @@, @#, @$, @^, @(, #) / #!tyf To:tf wf/f;Fu ;DalGwt wf/f #@ adf]lhd;+j}wflgs pkrf/sf] xs / aGbL k|ToIfLs/0fsf]pkrf/ k|fKt ug{] xs lgnDag ul/g] 5}g.

gful/s clwsf/ P]g, @)!@

#= sfg'gsf] b[li6df ;dfgtf M k|rlnt g]kfn sfg'gsf] cwLgdf /xL

sfg'gsf] cufl8 ;dfgtf / sfg'gsf] ;dfg;+/If0f s'g} gful/snfO{ klg OGsf/ ul/g] 5}g.

!!= ck/fw 7x/ ePdf x'g] ;hfoaf/] M-!_ s'g} JolQmnfO{ klg tTsfn k|rlnt g]kfn

sfg'gn] ;hfo gx'g] s'g} sfd u/] jfkts'g} ;hfo x'g] 5}g / s;"/ ubf{sf}cj:yfdf k|rlnt g]kfn sfg'gdftf]lsPeGbf a9L ;hfo lbOg] 5}g.

-@_ s'g} JolQmpk/ Ps} ck/fwdf Psk6seGbfa9\tf d'2f rnfOg] / b08 ;hfo ul/g]5}g.

-#_ s'g} ck/fwsf] aft nfu]sf] dflg;nfO{cfkm\gf] lj¿4 ;fIfL x'g s/ nfUg] 5}g.

!@= j}olQms :jtGqtf Mk|rlnt g]kfn sfg'g adf]lhd afx]s

s;}n] s'g} dflg;nfO{ p;sf] OR5f lj¿4 sfdu/fpg' x'Fb}g.

!%= lu/km\tf/Lsf ;DaGwdf arfp M-!_ k|rlnt g]kfn sfg'gn] cGoyf x'g]df afx]s

lu/km\tf/ ePsf] JolQmnfO{ M–-s_ lu/km\tf/Lsf sf/0f ;lxtsf] ;"rgf oyfzSo

rfF8f] glbO{ y'gfdf /flvg] 5}g.-v_ cfkm"n] /f]h]sf] sfg'g Joj;foL jf sfg'g

adf]lhdsf] jfl/;;Fu ;Nnfx lng] / lghåf/fk'k{If ug]{ clwsf/af6 jl~rt ul/g] 5}g.

-@_ k|rlnt g]kfn sfg'gn] cGoyf x'g]df afx]slu/km\tf/ ul/Psf] / y'gfdf /flvPsf] k|To]sJolQmnfO{ af6f]sf] Dofbafx]s @$ 306fleqd'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Lsf ;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg'k5{ / s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ To:tf} clwsf/Lsf]cfb]zn] afx]s ;f] cjlweGbf a9L y'gfdf/fVg' x'Fb}g.

376


oftgf;DaGwL Ifltk"lt{ P]g, @)%#

k|:tfjgf M cg';Gwfg, txlssft jfk'k{Ifsf] l;nl;nfdf jf c¿ s'g} lsl;dn] y'gfdf/x]sf] JolQmnfO{ zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s oftgf lbPjf lgd{d, cdfgjLo jf ckdfghgs Jojxf/u/]jfkt Ifltk"lt{ lbg] ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{jf~5gLo ePsf]n],

#= oftgf lbg gx'g] M-!_ cg';Gwfg, txlssft jf k'k{Ifsf]

l;nl;nfdf jf c¿ s'g} lsl;dn] y'gfdf/x]sf] s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ oftgf lbg' x'Fb}g

-@_ s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ y'gfdf /fVbf jf 5f]8\bf;Dej eP;Dd ;/sf/L ;]jfdf /x]sflrlsT;s pknAw x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf;DalGwt clwsf/L cfkm}n] lghsf] zf/Ll/sl:yltsf] hfFr u/fO{ ;f]sf] clen]v v8f u/L/fVg' kg]{5.

s]xL ;fj{hlgs -ck/fw / ;hfo_ P]g,@)@&

#= kqmfp ug]{ clwsf/ M-@_ kqmfp ul/Psf] JolQmnfO{ af6f]sf] Dofb

afx]s @$ 306fleq d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Lsf;dIf pkl:yt u/fpg'k5{ / To:tf] JolQmnfO{To:tf] d'2f x]g]{ clwsf/Lsf] cfb]zn] afx]s;f] cjlweGbf a9L y'gfdf /fVg' x'Fb}g.

;}lgs P]g, @)^#

^!= clgoldt lu/km\tf/ jf y'g5]ssf] s;"/ Mb]xfosf] s'g} sfo{ u/]df clgoldt lu/km\tf/ jfy'g5]ssf] s;"/ u/]sf] dflgg]5 M–-s_ s'g} JolQmnfO{ lu/km\tf/ u/L jf y'gfdf /fvL

txlssftsf] lgldQ ;Da4 clwsf/L;dIfd'2f k]z gu/]df jf ljgf sf/0f d'2fsf] k'k{Ifgu/L l9nf] u/]df,

-v_ s'g} JolQmnfO{ ;}lgs lx/f;tdf /fVgnufpg] JolQmn] ;}lgs lx/f;tdf /fVg

kfpg] clwsf/ ePsf] clwsf/L tyf k|f8ljjfsnfO{ dgfl;a dflkmssf] sf/0fn]afx]s p;}avt jf ;s];Dd rfF8f] / h'g;'s}cj:yfdf klg rf}aL; 306fleq lx/f;tdf/fVg' kgf{sf] plrt sf/0f vf]nL ljj/0f k]zgu/]df.

^@= e|i6frf/, rf]/L, oftgf / a]kQfsf]s;"/;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M-!_ k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd e|i6frf/, rf]/L,

oftgf / a]kQf u/]sf] 7xl/g] sfo{ u/]dfe|i6frf/, rf}/L, oftgf / a]kQf;DaGwL s;"/u/]sf] dflgg]5.

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{tsf s;"/sf] cg';Gwfgtyf txlssft u/L d'2f bfo/ ug]{ k|of]hgsfnflu b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;ldlt /xg]5 M–

-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] gfojdxfGofoflwjQmf – cWoIf

-v_ /Iff dGqfnosf] sfg'g zfvf k|d'v – ;b:o-u_ k|f8 ljjfssf] slDtdf ;]gfgL:t/sf] k|ltlglw

– ;b:o-#_ pkbkmf -@_ sf] v08 -u_ df plNnlvt

k|ltlglw ;DalGwt d'2fsf] ;}lgs cbfnt;Fu;Da4 gePsf] JolQm x'g' kg]{5.

-$_ pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{tsf d'2fsf] z'¿ sf/jfxL/ lsgf/f ug]{ clwsf/ bkmf !!( sf] pkbkmf-!_ adf]lhd ul7t ;}lgs ljz]if cbfntnfO{x'g]5.

-%_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltnfO{ k|rlntsfg'gadf]lhd tt\ tt\ d'2fsf] ;DaGwdfcg';Gwfg tyf txlssft ug]{ clwsf/LnfO{eP;/xsf] clwsf/ x'g]5.

cg';"rL $= a]kQf gful/sx¿sf] cj:yf ;fj{hlgs

ug]{ ;DaGwdf ePsf ;Demf}tfx¿

o'4lj/fd cfrf/;+lxtf, @)^#g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr

@)^# h]7 !@ ut] sf7df8f}Fsf] uf]s0f{df ;xdlteO{ nfu" ul/Psf] o'4lj/fd cfrf/;+lxtfsf] a'Fbfg+= !& df a]kQf gful/sx¿sf] l:ylt oyfzL3|;fj{hlgs ug]{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5.

377


;ft bn / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf zLif{ g]tfx¿sf]a}7ssf] lg0f{o, @)^#

;ft bn / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf zLif{g]tfx¿sf] )^# sflt{s @@ ut] ;DkGg a}7ssf]lg0f{o g+= ! -v_ / $ -@_ df ljutdf /fHo /dfcf]jfbL b'j} kIfaf6 a]kQf kfl/Psf elgPsfgful/sx¿sf ;DaGwdf 5fglag u/L l:ylt;fj{hlgs ug{ pRr:t/Lo 5fglag cfof]u u7gug]{ / ;f] 5fglag cfof]usf] k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/dfa]kQf ePsfx¿sf kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ /fxtpknAw u/fpg] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5.

lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf, @)^#g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ aLr

@)^# dª\l;/ % ut] ;DkGg lj:t[t zflGt;Demf}tfsf] a'Fbf g+= %=@=@ df cfkm\gf] sAhfdf/x]sf dflg;x¿sf af/]df hfgsf/L ;fj{hlgsu/L !% lbgleq ;a}nfO{ d'Qm ug{ b'j} kIf d~h'/ub{5g\ elgPsf] 5. a'Fbf g+= %=@=# df b'j} kIfåf/fa]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf] tyf o'4sf] ;dodfdfl/Psfx¿sf] jf:tljs gfd, y/ / 3/sf]7]ufgf ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn] ^) lbgleq;"rgfx¿ ;fj{hlgs u/L kl/jf/nfO{ ;d]thfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg d~h'/ ub{5g\ egL;xdlt ePsf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5. ;Demf}tfsf]a'Fbf g+= &=#=! df a]kQf kfl/Psf gful/sx¿ul/dfsf] /Iffsf nflu k|lta4tf JoQm ul/Psf]5. To;}u/L a'Fbf g+= &=#=@ df b'j} kIfn] JolQmsf]:jtGqtf / ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/sf] k"0f{ ;Ddfg ub}{s;}nfO{ klg :j]R5frf/L jf u}/sfg'gL y'gfdf/fVg] ckx/0f ug]{ jf aGws agfpg] 5}gg\ eGg]pNn]v 5. ;f]xL a'Fbfdf b'j} kIfn] a]kQf kf/]sf /sAhfdf /fv]sf k|To]s JolQmsf] cj:yf;fj{hlgs ug{ / ltgLx¿sf kl/jf/hg, sfg'gL;Nnfxsf/ / cGo cflwsfl/s JolQmnfO{ o;;Fu;DalGwt hfgsf/L lbg ;xdlt hgfPsf 5g\.;Demf}tfsf] a'Fbf g+= &=%=$ df b'j} kIfn] lzIfs–ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ a]kQf kfg]{ jf sAhf jf ckx/0fug]{ sfo{ tTsfn /f]Sg ;xdlt JoQm u/]sf 5g\.

cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] ;femf ;xdltsf] Go"gtdsfo{qmd, @)^#

tTsfnLg cGtl/d ;/sf/sf] ;femf;xdltsf] Go"gtd sfo{qmd, r}t @)^# sf] a'Fbf -v_ # df åGåsf qmddf a]kQf kfl/Psf elgPsfgful/sx¿sf] ;DaGwdf vf]hL / 5fglag ul/g]pNn]v 5.

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / 5 /fhgLlts bnaLr ePsf]@#–a'“b] ;dembf/L, @)^$

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / 5 /fhgLlts bnaLrePsf] @#–a'Fb] ;dembf/L, kf}if @)^$ sf] a'Fbf ^-s_ df j]kQf kfl/Psfx¿af/] 5fgljg cfof]u;/sf/n] ;xdltsf] cfwf/df Ps dlxgfleq u7gul/g] pNn]v 5.cg';"rL %=;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] lgb]{zgfTds cfb]zsf]

;f/;ª\If]k

a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf ;DaGwdfljz]if ¿kn] Joj:yf ug'{ jf~5gLo ePsfn]lgj]bsx¿sf] dfusf ;DaGwdf lgDgadf]lhdsf]Joj:yf u/L ;Daf]wg ug'{ egL ljkIfL g]kfn;/sf/sf gfddf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] hf/L u/]sf]lgb]{zgfTds cfb]zsf] ;f/;ª\If]k M

-s_ lgj]bgdf a]kQf ul/PsfelgPsfdWo] rqmaxfb'/ s6'jfn, /fh]Gb|k|;fb9sfn, lbnaxfb'/ /fO{ / ljkLg e08f/Lsf;DaGwdf o; cbfntn] u7g u/]sf] aGbLcg';Gwfg 6f]nLsf] 5fglagaf6 lghx¿dWo]rqmaxfb'/ s6'jfnsf] lx/f;tdf oftgfsfsf/0faf6 d/]sf] eGg] / cGosf] xsdf dflypNn]v ePem}+ ;'/Iff lgsfodf kqmfp u/LnluPsf];Dd l:ylt a'lemg cfPsf] / tbf]k/fGtsf]l:ylt cBflk c:ki6 b]lvg cfPsf] 5. o;/Llx/f;tdf d[To' x'g uPsf rqmaxfb'/ s6'jfnsf]xsdf lghsf] d[To' ;DaGwdf ca k|rlntsfg'gadf]lhd ck/fw cg';Gwfg u/L cleof]usf]plrt k|lqmof cjnDag ug'{kg]{ b]lvPsfn] tTsfnTo; k|lqmofdf s'g} ¿kdf ;+nUg ePsf lgsfo,kbflwsf/L jf sd{rf/L / ;f] k|lqmofdf ;fy lbg]

378


cGo ;DalGwt JolQmsf] xsdf ck/fw cg';Gwfgu/L d'2f rnfpg] / ;DalGwt sfof{no k|d'v tyfsd{rf/Lnufot\nfO{ ljefuLo sf/jfxL / ;hfosf]k|lqmof rnfO{ 6'ª\uf] nufOlbg" egL ljkIfL u[xdGqfno tyf g]kfn ;/sf/sf gfddf k/dfb]zsf]cfb]z hf/L x'g] 7x5{. ;f] sfof{Gjogsf]l;nl;nfdf cfjZos / ;DalGwt b]lvg cfpg];DalGwt lgsfo jf ;f]cGtu{t sfd ug]{sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg;d]t of]cfb]z hf/L u/L lbPsf] 5.

Goflos cg';Gwfg 6f]nLn] ;'/Iff ann]kqmfp u/L nu]sf] t/ xfn;Dd l:ylt c1ft/x]sf] egL klxrfg ul/Psf /fh]Gb| 9sfn, ljkLge08f/L / lbnaxfb'/ /fO{sf] xsdf klg ;f]k|lqmofdf ;+nUg kbflwsf/L jf JolQmx¿sf] xsdfk"/f ug'{kg]{ yk cg';Gwfg k"/f u/L sfg'gadf]lhdd'2f rnfO{ kLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbg'kg]{ l:ylt b]lvgcfPsf] 5. t/, ;f]adf]lhd tTsfn d'2frnfpgnfO{ a]kQf kfg]{ sfo{ ck/fwsf] ¿kdfkl/eflift ug]{ tyf ;hfo tf]Sg] /Ifltk"lt{nufot\sf] kof{Kt Joj:yf ;'lglZrtgu/Lsg k|rlnt sfg'gcGtu{t g} ;dfwfg vf]Hg]xf] eg] k"0f{ ¿kdf Gofo k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgfgb]lvPsf] x'gfn] lghx¿sf] xsdf k|s/0f Ævæadf]lhdsf] sfg'g lgdf{0f ePkl5 o; cbfntaf6ul7t aGbL cg';Gwfg sfo{6f]nLsf] k|ltj]bgsfcfwf/df cfjZostfcg';f/ hf] rflxg] ykcg';Gwfg k"/f u/L a]kQf kfg]{ sfo{ ug{ lhDd]jf/b]lvPsf tTsfnLg ;DalGwt ;'/Iff lgsfosfk|d'v tyf cgo sd{rf/Lx¿pk/ ;d]t d'2frnfpg] / ;DalGwt JolQm tyf kLl8tkl/jf/nfO{ sfg'gadf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{lbg]nufot\sf] Joj:yf ug'{ egL ljkIfLsf gfddfcfb]z hf/L ul/Psf] 5.

;fy}, lghx¿nfO{ ;'/Iff ann] kqmfpu/L Ps ljGb';Dd k'¥ofPsf] eGg] aGbL cg';Gwfgsfo{6f]nLsf] lgisif{ /x]sf] / tbf]k/fGt lghx¿sf]l:ylt c1ft b]lvPsfn] kqmfp u/L kl5 c1ftcj:yfdf k'¥ofpg] sfo{df ;+nUg ;DalGwtlgsfosf] k|d'v tyf cGo sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{oyfl:yltdf u}/lhDd]jf/ ¿kdf b08xLg ¿kdf

5f8L /fVg dgfl;j gx'g] x'gfn] lghx¿sf] xsdftTsfn} ljefuLo sf/jfxL Pjd\ ;hfo ug'{kg]{b]lvPsf] aGbL cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{6f]nLsf] k|ltj]bgklxrfg u/]sf JolQm tyf yk hfFra'emaf6lhDd]jf/ b]lvg cfPsf cGo sd{rf/L;d]tnfO{ljefuLo sf/jfxL u/L ;hfo;d]t ug"{ egLljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf u[x dGqfno;d]tsfgfddf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g] 7x5{.

-v_ o; cbfntaf6 Goflos5fglag ug{ afFsL /x]sf] lgj]bg n]vgfyGof}kfg];d]t ePsf] k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L u/LkfpmF eGg] d'2f / cGo aGbL k|ToIfLs/0fsf] cfb]zhf/L u/L kfpmF eGg] d'2fdf pNn]lvt ykcg';Gwfg x'g'kg]{ cj:yf afFsL /x]sf] / To:t}cj:yfsf a]kQf kfl/Psf egL ph'/L kg{;Sg]cGo JolQmx¿sf] xsdf ;d]t lgj]bsx¿n] ljz]ifJoj:yfx¿sf] dfu ug'{ePsf] ;DaGwdf o;cbfntn] ljrf/ u/]sf] 5.

a]kQf kfl/Psf] eg]sf] JolQmx¿sf xsdfk|fKt lnlvt hjfkmn] lghx¿sf] l:ylt olsg ug{d2t gu/]sf] / cf}krfl/s cg';Gwfg st}af6 ePu/]sf] klg gb]lvPsfn] cg';Gwfg g} afFsL /x]sf]l:yltdf lglZrt /fo agfpg ;xh ePg. To;dfklg a]kQf kfl/Psf] eg]sf] JolQmx¿ / ltgsf]kl/jf/hgnfO{ kg{ uPsf] c;/nfO{ ljz]if ¿kn];Daf]wg ug]{ u/L sfg'gL, ;+/rgfTds tyfpkrf/fTds Joj:yfx¿ g} kof{Kt g/x]sf]cj:yfdf eO/x]sf] sfg'gL Joj:yfn];d:ofx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf klgb]lvg cfPg. t;y{, lgDgadf]lhdsf] Joj:yf u/Llghx¿sf] ;d:ofnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ljkIfL g]kfn;/sf/nfO{ lgb]{zgfTds cfb]z hf/L ul/Psf] 5.

-!_ åGåsf qmddf ePsf] Jofks k|s[ltsf]a]kQf kfl/Psf 36gfx¿ / cGo cj:yfdf klga]kQf kfl/Psf cj:yfdf kqmg], y'Gg], aGws/fVg], y'Gbfsf] jfktdf ckgfpg' kg]{ ;ts{tf /Joj:yf kLl8t JolQm tyf lghsf] kl/jf/hgsf]clwsf/, lghx¿n] k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] pkrf/,lghx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ul/g] k|efjsf/Lcg';Gwfgh:tf ljifox¿df ;Daf]wg ul/Psf]xfdLsxfF sfg'gs} cefj b]lvof]. ;fj{hlgs

379


dxTjsf] s'g} k|Zgdf hfFra'em ug]{ P]g;Ddsf]Joj:yf eP klg a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf;Gbe{df ;f] k|of]hgsf nflu hfFra'em ug{ ag]sf]P]g g} gx'gfn] To:tf] P]gljgf jf:tljs, Jojxfl/s/ k|efjsf/L hfFra'em x'g g;Sg] b]lvof]. ;fy},ljBdfg kmf}hbf/L sfg'gleq klg o;;Fu;DalGwt k|Zgx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ sfg'gL /;+/rgfTds Joj:yf ul/Psf] kfOPg. t;y{, of];d:ofsf] k|efjsf/L ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu a]kQfkfg]{ sfo{nfO{ s;"/ sfod ug]{, ank"j{s a]kQfkfl/Psf] s'/fnfO{ a]kQf kfl/Psfx¿;+/If0f;DaGwL dxf;lGw, @))^ df ;dfj]zul/Psf] kl/efiffcg'¿k kl/eflift ug]{, y'g'jfsf]clwsf/, y'gfdf /fVg]sf] bfloTj, y'gfdf /fVg]7fpFsf] ls6fg / y'gfdf /xg];Fu lghsf] jlsn /kl/jf/hgsf] ;DaGw / kx'Frsf] Joj:yf,y'g'jfnfO{ y'gfsf] sf/0fsf] ;"rgfsf] xs, y'g'jfsf]Goflos pkrf/sf] xs, cg';Gwfg k|lqmofnfO{k|efjxLg x'g gkfpg] u/L nlnrnf]xbDofb;DaGwL Joj:yf, u}/sfg'gL y'gfdf /fv]sf]jf a]kQf u¥of] eGg];DaGwL ph'/L ;'Gg] lgsfo /ltgsf] pQ/bfloTj, y'gfdf /fVbf y'g'jfsf]k|of]hgsf nflu cf}krfl/s aGbLu[xsf] Joj:yfu/L To:tf]df dfq} y'gfdf /fVg], y'gfdf /fVbfdfgjLo Jojxf/ ug]{, y'g'jfsf nflu y'gfdf/fVbfsf] ;do, cj:yf, y'gfdf /fVg cfb]z lbg]clwsf/Lsf] gfd–gfd];L / 7]ufgfnufot\sfk|f;+lus ljj/0fx¿ / y'gf x:tfGt/0f ubf{ klgtbg'¿ksf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ bfloTj, y'g'jfsf ;a}cj:yfaf/] kl/jf/hgn] yfxf kfpg] clwsf/ / ;f];xh ;fWo ug]{ k|lqmofsf] ljsf;, y'gfaf6 d'Qmubf{ klg jf:tjdf d'lQm kfPsf] l:ylt emlNsg];t{x¿sf] Joj:yf / lghsf] zf/Ll/s Pjd\dfgl;s cj:yfsf] clen]v /fVg]h:tf Joj:yfx¿;d]l6Psf] sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f k|fyldstfsf ;fyug'{kg]{ cfjZostf dx;'; ePsf] 5. a]kQf kfg]{sfo{df ;+nUg eO{ d'2f rnfOPsf] cj:yfdf jf;hfo tf]lsPsf JolQmx¿nfO{ dfkmL lbggldNg]h:tf cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08sf ;DaGwdfklg Wofgfsif{0f u/L plrt Joj:yf ug'{ plQs}dxTjk"0f{ 5. o; k|of]hgsf nflu ank"j{s a]kQf

kfl/Psf ;a} JolQmx¿sf] ;+/If0f;DaGwLcGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw (International Conventionfor the Protection of All Persons from EnforcedDisappearance) nfO{ dfu{lgb]{zssf ¿kdf u|x0fug{ jf~5gLo x'G5.

-@_ pk/f]Qm adf]lhd ank"j{s a]kQfagfOPsf JolQmx¿sf] ;+/If0f;DaGwL P]gsfof{Gjogsf nflu ;f]xL P]gdf jf 5'§} ¿kdfTo:tf ank"j{s a]kQf agfOPsf JolQmx¿sf;DaGwdf 5'§} hfFra'em cfof]u u7g ug]{ Joj:yf;d]t ;dfj]z ug{ jf~5gLo x'G5. o; lsl;dsf];d:ofsf] hfFra'em ug{ 5'§} clwsf/, ;Lk /k|lqmofsf] cfjZostf x'g] x'gfn] ;+o'Qm/fi6«;ª\3sf] dfgjclwsf/ pRrfo'Qmsf]sfof{nosf] tTjfjwfgdf ljsl;t ank"j{s a]kQfkfl/Psf] JolQmx¿sf] ;DaGwdf hfFra'em ug]{cfof]usf cfwf/x¿ (Criteria for Commissionon Enforced Disappearance) nfO{ dfu{lgb]{zssf¿kdf ;t{x¿ ls6fg ug{ pko'Qm x'g] b]lvG5.

o;cGtu{t cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm k|:t'tljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} 36gfx¿sf] hfFra'em ug]{,cfof]usf] sfo{If]q :ki6 ug]{, To:tf] hfFra'emn]cbfntsf] k|lt:yfkg gug]{, cfof]udf dgf]lgtJolQm ;f] sfdsf nflu pko'Qm / bIf x'g'kg]{,lghx¿ :jtGq / lgikIf x'g'kg]{, ;f]sf nflucfjZos ;]jfzt{ / ;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{,To;df dlxnf jf cGo hflt jf ;d'bfosf]k|ltlglwTj x'g'kg]{, cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo /clwsf/ P]gdf g} tf]lsg'kg]{, ;d:ofsfk|s[ltcg';f/ s'g} klg ;|f]taf6 k|fKt hfgsf/Lsfcfwf/df hfFra'em ug{ ;Sg], l:ylt :ki6geP;Dd hfFra'em lg/Gt/ ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf,hfFra'emsf nflu dxTjk"0f{ kLl8t, ;fIfL,ph'/jfnf, jlsn / cg';Gwfgstf{ ;a}nfO{cg';Gwfgdf ;xof]uL alg/xgsf nflu lghx¿sf];'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug]{, kLl8tx¿n] cfkm\gf];/f]sf/ / egfO /fVg kfpg] clwsf/ / cj;/sf]Joj:yf, lghx¿sf] egfO uf]Ko /fVg ;lsg]Joj:yf ug{ h¿/L x'G5 eg] To:tf cfof]unfO{cfjZos 7fpF, sfof{no cflbsf] lg/LIf0f ug]{,a'em\g kg]{ b]lvPsf JolQmx¿ a'em\g]nufot\sf] ;a}

380


clwsf/ lbg cfjZos x'G5. To:tf cfof]unfO{cfkm\gf] tf]lsPsf] sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ cfjZos;|f]t;fwg pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf klg ;'lglZrtug{ h¿/L x'G5. oL ;a} s'/fx¿ ljlw lgdf{0fsfqmddf ljrf/ ul/g jf~5gLo x'G5.

sfg'g agfpg] s'/fdf ;fj{ef}d g]kfnLhgtfn] ;'Dk]sf] ljwflosL clwsf/cGtu{ta'l4dfgLk"j{s ljlwlgdf{0f ug]{ l;nl;nfdfpk/f]Qm s'/fx¿nfO{ jfl~5t :yfg lbPdf o;lsl;dsf] ;d:of ef]u]sf hgtf s'g} g s'g}xb;Dd nfeflGjt x'g ;Sg] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5.

-u_ o;/L a]kQf kfl/Psf] JolQmx¿sf];+/If0f;DaGwL P]g, ltgLx¿nfO{ a]kQf kfl/Psf]sf/0f / cj:yfaf/] hfFra'em cfof]usf] Joj:yfsfg'gaf6} u/L Jofks¿kdf 5fglag ug{clwsf/;DkGg pko'Qm cfof]u u7g u/Llgj]bgdf plNnlvt JolQmx¿sf] xsdf 5fglagu/L k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug{ nufpg] / ;f] cfwf/dfkmf}hbf/L cg';Gwfg k"/f u/L cfjZostf /pko'Qmtfcg';f/ ;DalGwt JolQmsf] xsdfcleof]hgnufot\sf] lg0f{o ug"{÷u/fpg" egLljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf u[x dGqfno tyfdxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nosf] gfddflgb]{zgfTds cfb]z hf/L ul/lbPsf] 5.

-3_ pk/f]Qmfg';f/ ;DalGwt sfg'gagfpg], hfFra'em cfof]u u7g ug]{, To;af6k|ltj]bg lng] / ;f] cfwf/df cleof]hg ug]{;Ddsfsfd ubf{sf] r/0fx¿ kf/ ubf{ nfdf] ;do nfUg]s'/f lglZrt 5. t/, ;d:ofsf] hl6ntf / l56f];dfwfg ug'{kg]{ clgjfo{tfnfO{ ljrf/ u/L o;nfO{sfo{kflnsf Pjd\ ljwflosfn] clt k|fyldstflbPdf dfq} of] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{df ;3fp k'Ug]b]lvG5. a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;+/If0f ug'{/ Gofo lbnfOlbg' /fHosf] ;Dk"0f{ cª\usf]pQ/bfloTj /xg] x'gfn] lhDd]jf/ cª\u;Fu;+ljwfg;Ddt sfo{df ;sf/fTds e"ldsfsf] cfzfPjd\ ljZjf; ug'{ k|:t't d'2fsf] /f]xdf :jfefljs/ j}w ck]Iff xf] eGg] xfdLnfO{ nfu]sf] 5. o;qmddf g]kfn ;/sf/n] sfg'g lgdf{0fsf] k|lqmofdfljz]if kxn ug'{ h¿/L b]lvg cfpF5.

pk/f]Qm r/0fx¿ k"/f u/]/ dfq}

lgj]bgdf plNnlvt JolQmx¿ / ltgLx¿sf]kl/jf/n] Gofosf] cg'e"lt lng ;Sg] x'gfn]jfl~5t k|fyldstfsf] ;fy o;;DaGwL sf/jfxLcl3 a9fpg clgjfo{ b]lvg cfPsf] 5.

-ª_ dfly k|s/0f -3_ df pNn]v ePem}+o; d'2fdf lgj]bsx¿n] nfdf] ;dob]lv -sltko@)%% ;fnb]lv_ cbfntaf6 ljleGg lsl;dsf]pkrf/ dfuL k|tLIff/t cj:yfdf a;]sf] kfOG5eg] dfly pNn]v ul/Psf] k|lqmof k"/f u/Lk|efjsf/L pkrf/sf nflu cem} s]xL ;do nfUg]b]lvPsf] 5. a]kQf ePsf] sf/0fn] ;DalGwtJolQmn] ef]u]sf] c;/sf] cltl/Qm kl/jf/hga]kQf ePsf] sf/0fn] kl/jf/n] ljleGg ;fdflhs,cfly{s Pjd\ dfgl;s Iflt lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ef]Ug'kl//x]sf] x'G5. a]kQf ePsf] dflg;sf] vf]hlagug{sf nflu nfUg] ;do, >d / Joo clg ;f]l;nl;nfdf cfkm"n] u'dfPsf] zflGt / a]xf]/]sf]ef/sf ;fy} a]kQf kfl/Psf] eg]sf] JolQmsf]cg'kl:yltn] >d pTkfbsTj tyf ;'/Iffnufot\dfk/]sf] c;/sf] d"Nofª\sg ul/of] eg] o;sf]b"/ufdL ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s kl/0ffdx¿ b]lvgcfpF5g\. /fHon] Psflt/ a]kQf kfl/Psf] elgPsfJolQmx¿sf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs ug{ g;s]sf] /csf]{lt/ kl/jf/hgn] ;f] l;nl;nfdf lg/Gt/ Iflt/ bfloTj a]xf]g'{ kl//x]sf] x'Fbf a]kQf kfl/Psf]eg]sf] JolQmx¿sf] l:ylt lg0ff{os ¿kdf :ki6geP;Dd o;af6 ;[lht kL8f lg/Gt/ x'g] x'gfn]o;sf] ;Daf]wg klg s'g} ¿kdf ug{ clgjfo{b]lvG5.

pk/f]Qm pNn]v ePcg';f/ P]g agfO{sfof{Gjog u/fpg] l;nl;nfdf clGtd ¿kdfglthf xfl;n eO{ hf] l:ylt :ki6 x'G5, ;f]af6 g}lgj]bsx¿sf] dfusf ;DaGwdf oyf]lrt ¿kdf;Daf]wg x'g;Sg] b]lvG5. csf]{ zAbdf ;DalGwtJolQmsf] l:ylt k|i6 eO{ bf]ifL;d]t ls6fg ePdflghx¿n] sfg'gn] lgwf{l/t b08 k|fKt ug]{ tyfsfg'gadf]lhd Ifltk"lt{sf] Joj:yf ePdf;f]xLadf]lhd kLl8tn] ;f] k|fKt ug]{ cj:yf ToxLk|lqmofdf lgwf{l/t x'g;Sg] b]lvG5. tyflk,Tolt~h]n cfkm\gf] dflg; vf]hL a;]sfkl/jf/hgn] Gofosf] of] nfdf] af6f] to ug{sf

381


nflu cfkm\gf] dfq} ;Lldt ;fwg / a]r}g cj:yfn];Dej b]lv cfpFb}g. :jhgsf] vf]hL ug]{ of]k|lqmofdf lg/fz eO{ Gofosf] af6f]af6} knfogx'gaf6 arfpg, cfkm\gf] :jhg vf]hL ug]{ j}wflgsdfu{ cjnDag ug{ ;xof]u / ;dy{g lbg /cf+lzs ¿kdf eP klg tfTsflns /fxtsf] ¿kdfs'g} ;xof]u lbg'kg]{ s'/fdf of] Ohnf; ljZj:t5.

aGbLsf] oyfy{ cj:yf :ki6 gePsf]cj:yfdf b08 jf Ifltk"lt{h:tf] vf; sfg'gLpkrf/ lbg ;Dej geP klg kl5 cg';Gwfgaf6kQf nfUg cfO{ sfg'gadf]lhd lbOg] pkrf/sf]dfqf / lsl;dsf] ;d]t s'g} u0fgf jf c;/ gx'g]u/L xfnnfO{ kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ Gofodf kx'Frvf]Hbf a]xf]g'{ k/]sf] bfloTj jxg ug{ ;3fpg];Lldt p2]Zon] of] d'2fsf] lg0f{o ubf{sf] cj:yfljrf/ u/L ;fª\s]lts ¿kdf eP klgcg'bfg:j¿k /fxt lbg' jf~5gLo b]lvg cfPsf]5.

hLjgsf] ;'/Iff / :jtGqtfsf] clwsf/pNnª\3gsf] 36gfnfO{ s'g} df}lb|s jf cfly{s¿kdf Ifltk"lt{ x'g ;Sg] cj:yf g} /xGg. To;f]eP klg kLl8tsf] kl/jf/nfO{ lsl~rt eP klg;xof]u ug{ /fHosf] pQ/bfloTj ePsf] /clwsf/x¿ pkrf/sf] k|efjsf/L Joj:yfljgfcy{xLg x'g] x'gfn] pkrf/ vf]Hg] kLl8tsf]kl/jf/sf] xsnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ klg cGtl/dk|s[ltsf] tfTsflns /fxt:j¿k ;xfotf lbg'kg]{

cfjZostfnfO{ of] Ohnf;n] xflb{s ¿kdfx[bo+ud u/]sf] 5.

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382


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!=@ Onfd – czf]ss'df/ /fO{

!=# kf“ry/ – s[i0f cf]emf

!=$ tfKn]h'ª – rGb|k|sfz e§/fO{

!=% df]/ª – bLk]g g]pkfg]

!=^ ;'g;/L – z'sb]j rf}w/L

!=& wgs'6f – uLtf clwsf/L

!=* t]x|y'd – 5q l/dfn

!=( ef]hk'/ – 1fg]Gb| v8\sf

!=!) ;+v'jf;ef – nLnfk|;fb >]i7÷lszf]/ a'9fyf]sL

!=!! ;Kt/L – k|sfz vltj8f

!=!@ l;/xf – b]j/fh kf]v|]n÷u'?z/0f ;bf

!=!# pbok'/ – s'znafa' a:g]t

!=!$ vf]6fª – nf]sgfy l3ld/]

!=!% cf]vn9+'uf – u'¿axfb'/ a:g]t

!=!^ ;f]n'v'Da' – j]bk|;fb /fO{

@= dWodf~rn

@=! wg'iff – /f]zgbLk 9sfn

@=@ dxf]Q/L – O{Zj/L sfkm\n]

@=# ;nf{xL – ljb'/ Kofs'/]n

@=$ l;Gw'nL – cfgGbk|;fb bfxfn

@=% /fd]5fk – gj/fh klys

@=^ bf]nvf – p4j kf]v/]n

@=& /f}tx6 – ljkLg uf}td

@=* af/f – /f]zg/fh cof{n

@=( k;f{ – lg/h ;fx

@=!) lrtjg – d's'Gb bxfn

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@=!^ wflbª – ;Ltf/fd clwsf/L

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@=!* g'jfsf]6 – s]zj ld>

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#=@ uf]/vf – eLdnfn >]i7

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#=% sf:sL – ;gaxfb'/ yfkf

#=^ dgfª – sdfgaxfb'/ u'?ª

#=& gjnk/f;L – gf/fo0f k/fh'nL

#=* ?kGb]xL – cd[t lu/L

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#=!# jfUn'ª – /fdaxfb'/ lh;L

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#=!% DofUbL – 3gZofd v8\sf

#=!^ d':tfª – zld{nf u'?ª

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%= ;'b"/ klZrdf~rn

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%=$ afh'/f – ch'{g zfx

%=% aemfª – k|sfz ljs

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;Gbe{ ;fdu|L ;|f]tOG;]s k':tsfno

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384

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