annex 1. table 1. municipal waste (burning more than 3 ... · (incl. cement kilns co-incinerating...

1

Annex 1. Table 1. Municipal waste (burning more than 3 tonnes per hour)

Country Limit Values - PCDD/F (annexe IV: 0.1ng TE/m3)

Bulgaria 0.1ng TE /m3 Canada Municipal Waste Incineration:

• New and expanding facilities: 0.080 ng ITEQ/m3 *

• Existing facilities: 0.0 80ng ITEQ/m3 * (by 2006) Source: CCME Canada-Wide Standard for Dioxins and Furans (1 May 2001) Conical Waste Combustion of Municipal Waste:

• use of these combustors occur in one province only, and will be phased out by 2008 Source: Agreement Respecting Conical Waste Combustors for Dioxins and Furans: Conical Waste Combustion of Municipal Waste (Nov. 2003)

Germany 0.1ng TEQ/m3 Hungary 0.1ng TE/m3 Italy New facilities: 0.1ng/m3

Existing facilities: 4ng/m3 Netherlands New and existing facilities: 0.1ng TE/m3 Norway EU Directive 2000/76/EC:

0.1 ng TE/m3 Sweden EU Directive 2000/76/EC:

0.1 ng TE/m3 USA Municipal Solid waste combustion units:

New units with capacity >250T/day: 13 ng/m3 total mass New units with capacities between 35t/day and 250t/day: 13 ng/m3 total mass Existing units with capacity >250t/day: range 30 to 60 ng/m3 total mass Existing units with capacity 35t/day - 250t/day: range 30 to 125 ng/m3 total mass Sources: • Emission Guidelines for Existing Sources and Standards of Performance for Stationary Sources:

Large Municipal Waste Combustion (LMC) Units, Final Rule (25 Aug. 1997) • New Source Performance Standards for New Small Municipal Waste Combustion (MWC) Units,

Final Rule (6 Dec. 2000) • Emission Guidelines for Existing Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units, Final Rule

EU European Commission Directive 2000/76/EC (Dec 2000): 0.1 ng TE/m3 (averaged over 6-8 hrs)

Australia • Subject to operating permits issued by state agencies • No federal, state, or local government regulations are in place

New Zealand Recommended limit: 0.1 ng TEQ/Sm3 Source: Action Plan for Reducing Discharges of Dioxin to Air (Oct. 2001)

2

Table 2. Medical solid waste (burning more than 1 tonne per hour)

Country Limit Values - PCDD/F (annex IV: 0.5ng TE/m3)

Bulgaria New & existing facilities: 0.1 ng/m3

Canada Medical Waste Incineration: New & expanding facilities: 0.080 ng ITEQ/m3 Existing facilities 0.080ng ITEQ/m3 (by 2006) Source: CCME Canada-Wide Standard for Dioxins and Furans (1 May 2001)

Germany 0.1ng TEQ/m3 Hungary 0.5ng TE/m3 Italy New: 0.1ng/m3

Existing: 4ng/m3 Netherlands New and existing facilities : 0.1ng TE/m3 Norway Applies EU Directive 2000/76/EC:

0.1ng TE/m3 Sweden Applies EU Directive 2000/76/EC:

0.1ng TE/m3 USA Existing small unit:

(effective 14 Nov. 1997) 2.3 ng TEQ/m3 (total dioxins + furans) Existing small unit meeting rural criteria: (effective 14 Nov., 1997) 15 ng TEQ/m3 (total dioxins + furans) New small unit: (effective 16 Mar., 1998) 2.3 ng TEQ/m3 (total dioxins + furans) Existing medium unit: (effective 14 Nov., 1997) 2.3 ng TEQ/m3 (total dioxins + furans) New medium unit: (effective 16 Mar., 1998) 0.6 ng TEQ/m3 (total dioxins + furans) Existing large unit: (effective 14 Nov., 1997) 2.3 ng TEQ/m3 (total dioxins + furans) New large unit: (effective 16 Mar., 1998) 0.6 ng TEQ/m3 (total dioxins + furans) Source: Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources and Emission Guidelines for Existing Sources: Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators (HMIWI), Final Rule (15 Sept. 1997)

EU European Commission Directive 2000/76/EC (Dec 2000): 0.1 ng TE/m3

3

(averaged over 6-8 hrs) New Zealand Recommended limit:

0.1 ng TEQ/Sm3

Source: Action Plan for Reducing Discharges of Dioxin to Air (Oct. 2001)

4

Table 3. Hazardous waste (burning more than 1 tonne per hour)

Country Limit Values - PCDD/F (annex IV: 0.2 ng TE/m3)

Bulgaria 0.1ng TE/m3 Canada Hazardous Waste Incineration:

New and expanding facilities: 0.080 ng ITEQ/m3 Existing facilities: 0.080ng ITEQ/m3 (by 2006) Source: CCME Canada-Wide Standard for Dioxins and Furans (1 May 2001)

Germany 0.1ng TEQ/m3 Hungary 0.2 ng TE/m3 Italy New and existing facilities :

0.1ng/m3 Netherlands New and existing facilities: 0.1ng TE/m3 Norway Applies EU Directive 2000/76/EC:

0.1ng TE/m3 Sweden Applies EU Directive 2000/76/EC:

0.1ng TE/m3 USA New and existing facilities ( including cement kiln co-incinerating hazardous waste):

0.20 ng ITEQ/m3 New and existing facilities where temperature at inlet to initial PM control device is ≤204oC (incl. cement kilns co-incinerating hazardous waste): 0.40ng ITEQ/m3 Source: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Hazardous Waste Combustors, Final Rule Proposed standards: Existing facilities with dry APCD (air pollution control device) or WHB (waste heat boiler): 0.28 ng ITEQ/m3 All other existing facilities: 0.40 ng ITEQ/m3 New facilities with dry APCD or WHB: 0.11 ng ITEQ/m3 All other new facilities: 0.20 ng ITEQ/m3

Source: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Proposed Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Hazardous Waste Combustors, Phase I Final Replacement Standard and Phase II (31 Mar. 2004)

EU European Commission Directive 2000/76/EC (Dec 2000): 0.1 ng TE/m3 (averaged over 6-8 hrs)

Australia Destruction and Disposal of Scheduled HCB Waste: Emissions to the atmosphere from the destruction of scheduled HCB waste shall contain: less than 0.1 nanogram per normal cubic metre of dioxins ITEQ Source: Dept. of Environment and Heritage, Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council, November 1996, Hexachlorobenzene Waste Management Plan

New Zealand Recommended limit: 0.1 ng TEQ/Sm3 Source: Action Plan for Reducing Discharges of Dioxin to Air (Oct. 2001)

5

Table 4. Incineration: co–incineration, incineration of sewage/sludge and general incineration of waste (category1 not included in previous tables)

Country Limit Values - PCDD/F

Limit Values - PAH

Comments

Austria Combustion of waste & hazardous waste, sinter plants , iron and steel production: 0.1-0.4 ng/m3

n/a Most categories 1-9 are major sources. Determination of limit values/measures is carried out under the licensing procedure

Belgium 0.1ng TEQ/m3 including sewage sludge in Flanders

n/a

Bulgaria Applies EU Directive 2000/76/EC: 0.1 ng TE/m3

n/a

Canada Cement Kilns Burning Hazardous Waste: Plants build before 1995: 0.5 ng TEQ/rm3 Plants with major modifications after 1995: 0.1ng TEQ/rm3 Incineration of sewage: Existing facilities (by 2005) 0.1 ng ITEQ/m3 New facilities: 0.080 ng ITEQ/m3

Source: CCME Canada-Wide Standards for Dioxins and Furans (1 May 2001)

n/a

Croatia 0.1ng TE/m3 20mg/m3 Czech Republic

Waste incineration: 0.1ng TE/m3 co-incineration of waste: 0.1ng TE/m3 combustion of waste oils: 0.1ng TE/m3 water discharges from installations for treating waste gases: 0.1ng TE/m3

n/a Waste incineration: total organic carbon: 20 mg/m3

Denmark 0.1ng TEQ/Nm3 n/a Finland Waste incinerators and co-incinerators:

0.1ng TE/m3 by (2005 for existing facilities) n/a

Germany Crematoria incinerators: 0.1ng TE/m3 Incineration of sewage: 0.1 ng TEQ/m3

n/a

Liechtenstein Burning of most waste prohibited n/a Most sources identified in protocol do not exist.

Netherlands For incineration of sewage: 0.1 ng TEQ/Nm3

Source: Netherlands Emission Guidelines for Air (Apr. 2003)

n/a

Norway EU Directive 2000/76/EC on incineration of waste implemented in 2002: 0.1 ng TE/m3

n/a Major sources of PCDD/F include waste incineration.

6

Sweden Applies EU directive 2000/76/EC : 0.1 ng TE/m3.

n/a

USA New and existing CISWI units burning non-hazardous wastes: 0.41 ng TEQ/ m3 ( gas conditions: 7% O2) Source: Standards of Performance for New Stationary Sources and Emissions Guidelines for Existing Sources: Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration (CISWI) Units – Final Standards and Guidelines (30 Jan. 2001) New and existing facilities: (incl. cement kilns co-incinerating hazardous waste) 0.20 ng ITEQ/ m3 New and existing facilities where temperature at inlet to initial PM control device is ≤204oC: (incl. cement kilns co-incinerating hazardous waste) 0.40 ng ITEQ/ m3

Source: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Hazardous Waste Combustors, Final Rule

n/a

EU For co-incineration of waste and for cement kilns co-incinerating hazardous wastes: EU directive 2000/76/EC 0.1 ng TE/m3

n/a

Japan Existing facilities: (effective 1 Dec 2002) • 1 ng TEQ/m3 (capacity <4 t/h) • 5 ng TEQ/m3 (capacity 2-4 t/h) • 10 ng TEQ/m3 (capacity 0.05-2 t/h) New facilities: (effective 1 Dec 2002) • 0.1 ng TEQ/m3 (capacity <4 t/h) • 1 ng TEQ/m3 (capacity <4 t/h) • 5 ng TEQ/m3 (capacity 0.05-2 t/h) Source: Law Concerning Special Measures Against Dioxins (Law No. 105, promulgated 16 July 1999)

n/a

New Zealand For incineration of sewage: Recommended limit: 0.1 ng TEQ/Sm3

Source: Action Plan for Reducing Discharges of Dioxin to Air (Oct. 2001)

n/a

7

Table 5. Sinter plants (category 2)


Limit Values - PAH Comments

Austria Combustion of waste & hazardous waste, sinter plants , iron and steel production: 0.1-0.4 ng/m3


Belgium Plants authorised before 1993: 2.5 ng TEQ/m3 Plants authorised after 1993: 0.5 ng TEQ/m3

n/a

Bulgaria New & existing facilities: 0.1ng/m3

n/a Installations for production of coke, agglomerate steel compliant in 2011

Canada New & expanding facilities: 0.2 ng TEQ/m3 Existing facilites:

• by 2002:1.35 ng TEQ/m3 • by 2005: 0.5 ng TEQ/m3 • by 2010: 0.2 ng TEQ/m3

Source: CCME Canada-wide Standards for Dioxins and Furans from Iron Sintering Plants (March 2003)

n/a

Germany In general: 0.4 ng/m3 Target value: 0.1 ng/m3

0.05 mg/m3 - measured as B(a)P (lead substance)

Netherlands New facilities: 0.1ng ITEQ/m3 Existing facilities: 0.4 ng ITEQ/m3

Source: Netherlands emission guidelines for air ( April 2003)

n/a

Norway 1g/year n/a Major sources of PCDD/F include thermal metallurgical processes.

UK Achievable with BAT: 0.1-0.5ng ITEQ/Nm3 Source: UK Technical Guidance: IPPC Guidance for Coke, Iron, and Steel Sector, working draft (Apr. 2001)

Benchmark emission values: 105 – 840 mg/t sinter (sum of EPA 16-PAH - see list in Appendix A) Source: European Commission IPPC Best Available Techniques Reference Document on the Production of Iron and Steel (Dec. 2001)

USA Integrated steel mills: Oil content limit (0.02%wt) established to control dioxin levels Source: National Emission Standards for HAPs: Integrated Iron and Steel

n/a

8

Manufacturing, Final Rule (20 May 2003) Japan For existing facilities:

(effective 1 Dec., 2002) 1ng TEQ/Nm3 For new facilities: (effective 1 Dec., 2002) 0.1ng TEQ/Nm3 Source: Law Concerning Special Measures Against Dioxins (law No105, promulgated on 16 July 1999)

n/a

9

Table 6. Primary and secondary production of copper (category 3)


Limit Values - PCDD/F

Comments

Austria n/a n/a Most categories 1-9 are major sources. Determination of limit values/measures is carried out under the licensing procedure

Belgium Plants authorised before 1993: 1ng TEQ/m3 Plants authorised after 1993: 0.5ng TEQ/ m3

n/a

Canada Existing smelters and /or refineries: 0.1 ng ITEQ/m3 New smelters/and or refineries: 0.032 ng ITEQ/m3 Source: Environment Canada Proposed First Edition Environmental Code of Practice for Base Metal Smelters ( June 2004), CEPA 1999

n/a

Germany 0.1 ng TEQ/m3 0.05 mg/m3 - measured as B(a)P (lead

substance)

Netherlands n/a n/a There is no primary copper production

Republic of Moldova

n/a n/a This is not an identified source

UK Achievable with BAT: 0.1ng/Nm3 Source: UK Technical guidance : IPPC ref. doc on BAT in non-Ferrous Metal Industries, working draft (Jan. 2002)

n/a

EU Achievable with BAT: <0.1-0.5ng TEQ/m3 Source : EC IPPC ref doc on BAT in the Non-ferrous Metals Industry

n/a

10

Table 7. Production of steel (category 4)



Austria Combustion of waste & hazardous waste, sinter plants, iron and steel production: 0.1-0.4ng/m3


Belgium Plants authorised before 1993: 1ng TEQ/m3 For plants authorised after 1993: 0.5 ng TEQ/ m3

n/a

Bulgaria New and existing facilities 0.1ng/m3

n/a Installations for production of coke, agglomerate steel compliant in 2011

Canada Electric Arc Furnaces: New & modified plants 100pg iteq/m3 Existing plants By 2006:150pg iteq/m3 By 2010: 100pg iteq/m3

n/a

Germany 0.1 ng TEQ/m3 0.05 mg/m3 - measured as B(a)P

(lead substance)

Republic of Moldova

n/a Limited values for POPs were not established in 2000-but there are hygienic standards and maximum permissible emissions ( total or cumulative). Legislation under way 2000-05

UK Electric arc Furnace- Benchmark emission values: 0.1-0.5ng ITEQ/m3

Source: UK technical guidance for Coke, Iron and Steel Sector, working draft (April.2001)

Benchmark emission values: 3.5-71 mg/t ( sum of 16 PAH) Source: UK technical guidance for Coke, Iron and Steel Sector, working draft (April.2001)

USA No standards are applied n/a EU Electric Arc Furnaces:

Achievable with BAT: 0.1-0.5ng ITEQ/Nm3 Source: EC IPPC BAT ref doc on the production of Iron and Steel (Dec 2001)

n/a

Japan Electric Arc Furnace For existing facilities: (effective 1 Dec., 2002): 5 ng TEQ/Nm3

n/a

11

New facilities: (effective 1 Dec., 2002) 0.5 ng TEQ/nm3 Source: Law Concerning Special Measures Against Dioxins (Law No 105, promulgated 16 July 1999)

12

Table 8. Smelting plants in the secondary aluminium industry (category 5)


Limit Values - PAH

Comments

Austria n/a n/a Most categories 1-9 are major sources. Determination of limit values/measures is carried out under the licensing procedure

Belgium Plants authorised before 1993: 1ng TEQ/m3 Plants authorised after 1993: 0.5ng TEQ/m3

n/a

Germany 0.1 ng TEQ/m3 0.05 mg/m3 - measured as B(a)P (lead substance)

Norway 0.3ng/Nm3

n/a Major sources of PCDD/F include thermal metallurgical processes.

Republic of Moldova

Not an identified source n/a

USA Thermal chip dryer: • 2.50 µg TEQ per Mg (equivalent to

metric tonne) of feed/charge Scalp dryer/delacquering kiln/decoating kiln: • 0.25 µg TEQ per metric tonne of

feed/charge • 5.0 µg TEQ per metric tonne of

feed/charge (if equipped with afterburner having design residence time of at least 1 second and is operated at a temperature of ≥750oC)

Rotary dross cooler: For group one furnace, processing other than clean charge and/or performing reactive fluxing: • 15 µg TEQ per metric tonne of

feed/charge For group two furnace, processing clean charge: no limit is applied Source: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Secondary Aluminium Production, Final Rule (23 Mar. 2000) • Effective 3 years from date of

promulgation • New sources beginning construction

or reconstruction after 11 February 1999 must comply with the standards

n/a

13

by the date of promulgation or upon start-up

Japan Existing facilities: (effective 1 Dec. 2002) 5 ng TEQ/Nm3 (dioxins defined as including coplanar PCBs) New facilities: (effective 1 Dec. 2002) 1 ng TEQ/Nm3 (dioxins defined as including coplanar PCBs) Source: Laws Concerning Special Measures Against Dioxins (Law No. 105, promulgated 16 July 1999)

n/a

14

Table 9. Combustion of fossil fuels in utility and industrial boilers with a thermal capacity above 50 MWth (category 6)


Limit Values - PAH Limit Values - HCB Comments

Austria n/a n/a n/a Determination of limit values/measures is carried out under the licensing procedure

Czech Republic

0.1ng TE/m3 0.2mg/m3

0.2mg/m3 Also applies 0.2 mg/ m3 to PCB emissions

Germany 0.1 ng TEQ/m3 Note 2 of appendix A n/a Republic of Moldova

n/a n/a Limited values for POPs were not established in 2000-but there are hygienic standards and maximum permissible emissions ( total or cumulative). Legislation under way 2000-05

15

Table 10. Residential combustion (category 7)



Austria n/a n/a Determination of limit values/measures is carried out under the licensing procedure

Germany Limit values only for dust and CO Limit values only for dust and CO Liechtenstein n/a n/a Not identified as an

important source Netherlands n/a 0.4-0.5% CO in flue gas with aim

to limit PAH

Norway Incentives and local bans in place for PCDD/F & PAH

Incentives and local bans in place for PCDD/F & PAH

Major sources of PCDD/F & PAH include residential combustion

Republic of Moldova

n/a n/a This is a major source

Sweden Emission limit values for new residential boilers (OGc) equal to CEN (European Committee for Standardisation) standards

n/a

16

Table 11. Firing installations for wood with a thermal capacity below 50MWth (category 8)




Belgium Limit values are set only for the combustion of wood in installations with capacity of >1t/h or>5MW Limit value of 0.1ng TEQ/m3 applies from January 1977

n/a

Canada Pulp and paper boilers burning salt-laden wood: New facilities: 100pg teq/m3 Existing facilities: 500pg teq/m3 (by 2006) Source: CCME Canada-wide Standards for Dioxins and Furans from Coastal Pulp and Paper Boilers

n/a

Germany 0.1 ng TEQ/m3 Σ C 10mg/m3 (should keep PAH low)

Republic of Moldova

n/a n/a Not identified source

17

Table 12. Coke production (category 9)

Country Limit Values – PCDD/F

Limit Values - PAH

Comments


Bulgaria 0.1 ng/m3 New & existing facilities: 0.1mg/m3 (for benz/a/pyrene)

Installations for production of coke, agglomerate steel compliant in 2011

Canada n/a PAH releases from coke ovens and coke by-product plants should be reduced in accordance with the following:

i. to an industry production-based average of 13.2 g/tonne of coke produced in 2000;

ii. to a maximum for any coke oven battery of 9.8 g/tonne of coke produced in 2005;

iii. to a maximum for any coke oven battery of 8.2 g/tonne of coke produced in 2015 or later.

The measurement and calculation of PAH releases should be undertaken in accordance with the CSPA PAH Measurement Protocol contained in Environmental Best Practice Manual for Coke Producers – Controlling and Reducing Emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) from Metallurgical Coke Production in the Province of Ontario. Source: Environmental Code of Practice for Integrated Steel Mills, First Edition, March 2001 – CEPA 1999 Code of Practice

Czech Republic

n/a 0.2 mg/m3


USA n/a Charging:-12 sec of visible emissions per charge Topside- no more than 0.4% leaking lids and 2.5% leaking off takes Doors- no more than 3.3% leaking doors for short batteries and 4.0% leaking doors for tall (6m) batteries (LAER limits)

Also PM limits and percentage leaking in coke oven batteries

18

Table 13. Anode production (category 10)

Country Limit Values – PCDD/F Limit Values - PAH Comments


See also note 1 in Appendix A

Netherlands n/a For condensed tar: 5.0 mg/m3 For volatile tar: 70 mg/m3

UK n/a Carbon Production Mixing and grinding: Benchmark emission levels: • 10 µg/Nm3 (PAH – VDI i)* • 100 µg/Nm3 (PAH – VDI ii)* Bake furnace exhaust gases: Benchmark emission levels: 3 mg/Nm3 (PAH – OSPAR 11)** Source: Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control: Technical Guidance for Non-Ferrous Metals and the Production of Carbon and Graphite

* VDI = Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (German Association of Engineers) ** OSPAR Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic

19

Table 14. Aluminium production using the Soederberg process (category 11)

Country Limit Values – PCDD/F Limit Values - PAH Comments


See also note 1 in Appendix A

Norway n/a Major source of PAH emission. New units require substantial reductions of PAH before end of 2007

Major sources for PAH include thermal sources for the metallurgic industries.

UK n/a S: Carbon Production Mixing and grinding: Benchmark emission levels: • 10 µg/Nm3 (PAH – VDI i)* • 100 µg/Nm3 (PAH – VDI ii)* Bake furnace exhaust gases: Benchmark emission levels: 3 mg/Nm3 (PAH – OSPAR 11)** Source: Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control: Technical Guidance for Non-Ferrous Metals and the Production of Carbon and Graphite

USA n/a PAHs are included in the polycyclic organic matter (POM) group, for which there is a prescribed limit Source:National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) for Source Categories; National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Primary Aluminium Reduction Plants, Final Rule (7 Oct. 1977)

* VDI = Verein Deutscher Ingenieure (German Association of Engineers) ** OSPAR Commission for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North East Atlantic

20

Table 15. Wood preservation installations (category12)

Country Limit Values - PAH Comments

Norway PAH: use of creosote banned in 2001

Major sources of PAH include wood preservation

Republic of Moldova

n/a Not an identified source

21

Table 16. General Sources

This table gathers information for general sources.

Country Emission limit values/comments

Austria Determination of limit values/measures is carried out under the licensing procedure Bulgaria Installations for production of coke, agglomerate steel compliant in 2011 Czech Republic

Waste incinerators TOC( total organic carbon): 20mg/m3

Denmark Industrial installations with an annual mass flow of dioxins greater then 0.01g iteq: 0.1ng iteq/Nm3 Installations with annual mass flow greater than 25mg BaP EQ/Nm3: 0.005mg BaP EQ/Nm3

Germany Major stationary sources require permits for emissions of PCDD/F, PAHs & HCB emission control requirements reflect state of the art. Emission target limit value of 0.1 mg/Nm3 in the novelised TA luft for all plants subject to licensing in force in 2002.

Italy Applies directive EC 96/61: all existing plants have to be authorized by 2007 according to BAT requirements.

Latvia Identifies major sources for dioxins & furans Liechtenstein Most sources identified in protocol do not exist in Liechtenstein. Netherlands For PCDD/F:

Other Major sources: 0.1ngte/m3 exceptions (EU regulations): up to 0.5ng Note for PCDD/F control measures: existing sources to comply by 2007 if under directive 96/61/EC or else by 2010 Source with emission load of over 20 mg/year: 0.1 ng TEQ/m3 For a source with emission load of 2.5 grams/hr: 1 mg/m3

Source: Netherlands Emission Guidelines for Air (Apr. 2003) For PAH: Other major sources: after 2003: 0.05mg/m3 (solid) & 1mg ( gas) before 2003:0.1mg/m3 (solid)

Norway Applied limits may be more stringent then annex IV-V. Major sources for PCDD/F are thermal metallurgical processes, residential combustion and waste incineration. Major sources for PAH are thermal sources of metallurgical industries, residential combustion and wood preservation. There are no known sources of HCBs.

Poland Existing documents identify main POP sources and reductions strategies as well as associated costs Republic of Moldova

Limited values for POPs were not established in 2000-but there are hygienic standards and maximum permissible emissions ( total or cumulative). Legislation under way 2000-05

Switzerland Applies limit values for dioxins and furans for for benzo(a)pyrene: 0.1mg/m3; dibenzo-anthracene:0.1mg/m3; diesel soots(are those PAH?): 5mg/m3

USA Applies PM limits and percentage leaking in coke oven batteries Australia For dioxins and furans:

22

0.1 ng TEQ/m3 (applied through facility operating permits issued by jurisdiction)

23

Appendix A List of polyaromatic hydrocarbons

EPA 7-PAH (a subset of EPA 16-PAH)

• Benz(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benz(a)pyrene, chrysene, dibenz(a,h)anthracene, indeno(1,2,3 – c,d)pyrene

EPA 16-PAH • Acenaphtene, acenaphtylene, anthracene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, chrysene, dibenz(a,b)anthracene, dibenz(a,e)pyrene, fluoranthene, fluorine, indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene, phenanthrene, pyrene

24

Appendix B Web Links to Sources: Australia: Hexachlorobenzene Waste Management Plan

• http://www.deh.gov.au/industry/chemicals/scheduled-waste/hcbplan.html

Canada: Canada Wide Standards for Dioxins and Furans Environmental Code of Practice for Integrated Steel Mills, First Edition, March 2001 – CEPA 1999 Code of Practice

• Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment: www.ccme.ca/initiatives/standards.html?/category_id=50

• Environment Canada’s Green Lane:

http://www.ec.gc.ca/nopp/docs/cp/1mm7/

European Union: Directive 2000/76/EC Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC)

• EU Directive 2000/76/EC : http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/wasteinc/newdir/2000-76_en.pdf European Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Bureau: http://eippcb.jrc.es/pages/FActivities.htm

Japan: Law Concerning Special Measures Against Dioxins

• Japanese Ministry of the Environment: www.env.go.jp/topic/pops/index.html

Netherlands: Emission Guidelines for Air

• Information Centre for the Environment (InfoMil): www.infomil.nl/aspx/get.aspx?xdl=/views/infomil/xdl/page&PosIdt=29288&ItmIdt=28598&SitIdt=111&VarIdt=46

New Zealand: Action Plan for Reducing Discharges of Dioxin to Air

• New Zealand Ministry for the Environment: www.mfe.govt.nz/publication/hazardous/dioxin-action-plan-oct1/

United Kingdom: Technical Guidance Documents

• Scottish Environmental Protection Agency: www.sepa.org.uk/ppc/uktech/index.htm

United States: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants

• US Environmental Protection Agency: www.epa.gov/ttn/atw/mactfnlalph.html