annex 1 und 2ec.europa.eu/environment/chemicals/international_conventions/pdf/... · 1.10 annex...

European Commission, Brussels

Support related to the international and Community work on Persistent Organic Pollutants

Reference: 070307/2007/465073/MAR/D1

Up-dated Synthesis Report 2009

Annex I

08 July 2008

BIPRO

Beratungsgesellschaft für integrierte Problemlösungen

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Up-dated Synthesis Report 2009 Support related to the international and Community work on Persistent Organic Pollutants

BiPRO

Annex I

1 ........ STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION 4

1.1 Annex Contact Officer for Article 12 reporting 4

1.2 Annex Production and placing on the market 10

1.2.1 Export/Import Bulgaria 10

1.2.2 Placing of POP substances on the market Ireland 12

1.2.3 Placing on the market Lithuania (Exemption) 14

1.2.4 Information on Export/Import according to Article 15 reports 14

1.2.5 Historic production according to NIPs 15

1.2.6 Bans on marketing and use according to Article 15 reports 17

1.3 Annex Stockpiles 18

1.3.1 Presence of POP Stockpiles according to Article 12 reports 18

1.3.2 PCB stockpiles in the Brussels Capital Region 19

1.3.3 PCB stockpiles in Bulgaria (2007) 19

1.3.4 PCB stockpiles in Luxembourg 20

1.3.5 PCB stockpiles in Slovenia 20

1.3.6 PCB stockpiles according to NIPs and Article 15 reports 23

1.3.7 Strategies for identification of stockpiles according to Article 15 reports 25

1.3.8 Pesticide stockpiles Bulgaria 27

1.3.9 Pesticide stockpiles according to NIPs 28

1.4 Annex Action Plans and Release Reduction 29

1.4.1 Action plans for reduction of unintentional releases 29

1.4.2 Information on Action Plans in NIPs 30

1.4.3 Measures to identify sources – Belgium 35

1.4.4 Measures to identify sources – Ireland 36

1.4.5 Measures to identify sources – Slovenia 37

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1.4.6 Measures to minimise sources - France 38

1.4.7 Measures to minimise sources – Germany 39

1.4.8 Measures to minimise sources Ireland 42

1.4.9 Measures to minimise sources Poland 43

1.4.10 Measures to minimise sources Slovenia 45

1.4.11 Measures to promote development of substitutes 46

1.4.12 Strategies to identify contaminated sites 46

1.4.13 Priority for alternatives in permitting 50

1.4.14 Action plan for intentionally produced POPs 51

1.4.15 Actions concerning knowledge on priority sources and environmental levels 53

1.4.16 Actions concerning detection of arising hazards (new POPs) 54

1.4.17 Actions concerning research and development 55

1.5 Annex Preparation of National Implementation Plans 57

1.5.1 Public participation according to NIP 57

1.6 Annex Monitoring 59

1.6.1 Monitoring details Austria 59

1.6.2 Monitoring of PCB and PCDD/PCDF – Belgium Wallonia 66

1.6.3 POP Monitoring Bulgaria 67

1.6.4 POP Monitoring Cyprus 67

1.6.5 POP Monitoring France 68

1.6.6 POP Monitoring Italy 71

1.6.7 POP Monitoring Lithuania 72

1.6.8 POP Monitoring Luxembourg 75

1.6.9 POP Monitoring Slovenia 77

1.6.10 POP Monitoring Sweden 77

1.6.11 Monitoring according to NIPs and Article 15 reports 79

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1.7 Annex Information exchange 83

1.8 Annex Awareness raising education 85

1.8.1 Awareness raising Bulgaria 85

1.8.2 Awareness raising activities according to NIP and Article 15 reports 86

1.9 Annex Public information 88

1.9.1 Public information France 88

1.9.2 Public information Poland 88

1.9.3 Public information activities according to NIP and Article 15 reports 90

1.10 Annex Technical Assistance 92

1.10.1 Overview on National budgets allocated to technical assistance in recent years 92

1.10.2 Technical assistance Germany 94

1.10.3 Technical assistance according to NIP and Article 15 reports 96

1.11 Annex Rules on penalties 98

1.11.1 Rules on penalties in Belgium 98

1.11.2 Rules on penalties in Cyprus 100

1.11.3 Rules on penalties in Czech Republic 101

1.11.4 Rules on penalties in France 101

1.11.5 Rules on penalties in Italy 102

1.11.6 Rules on penalties in Poland 104

1.11.7 Rules on penalties in Slovenia 106

1.11.8 Rules on penalties in according to NIPs 107

1.11.9 Measures for stockpiles and waste management according to NIPs 108

1.11.10 Other issues according to NIPs 110

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1 Status of implementation

1.1 Annex Contact Officer for Article 12 reporting

Member State

Article 12 contact officer

Austria Susanna Eberhartinger Tafill

Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water management

Stubenbastei 5

A-1010 Vienna,

Austria

+43 1 515 22 2114

+43 1 515 22 7334

[email protected]

Belgium Ir. FREDERIC DENAUW

FPS HEALTH, FOOD CHAIN SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT

EUROSTATION Pl. Horta 40

1060 BRUXELLES

+ 32-2-5249592

+ 32-2-5249603

[email protected]

Bulgaria Mrs.Tsvetanka Dimcheva, Chief expert

Ministry of Environment and Water Directorate “Coordination of RIEWs” Hazardous Chemicals Management Department 67, William Gladstone St. Sofia 1000 Bulgaria

+ 359 2 940 6261

+ 359 2 981 3384

[email protected]

Czech Republic

1) Mr. Karel Blaha, Deputy Minister, Director General for Technical Protection and the Environment

2) Václav Švorc, Waste Department

3) Jaromír Manhart, Environmental Damage Department

4) Kateřina Šebková, Environmental Risks Department

Ministry of the Environment

Ministry of the Environment Environmental Risks Department Vrsovická 65 100 10 Prague 10 Czech Republic

1) Tel: +420 267 12 2535

2) Tel: +420 26712 2616

3) Tel: +420 267 12 2109

4) Tel: +420 267 12 2599

1) Fax: +420 267 31 00 29

2) Fax: +420 267 31 00 13

3) Fax: +420 26731 0305

mailto:[email protected]

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Member State


4) Fax; +420 267 31 00 13

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

Katerina [email protected]

Cyprus Dr. Stelios Georghiades, Labour Inspection Officer

Department of Labour Inspection, Ministry of Labour and Social Insurance

12 Apellis Street, 1493 Nicosia, Cyprus

+ 357 22405633

+ 357 22663788

[email protected]

Denmark Mona Mejsen Westergaard

Danish Environmental Protection Agency, Ministry of the Environment

Strandgade 29, 1401 Copenhagen K

+45 72 54 00 00

+45 3332 2228

[email protected]

Estonia

Finland Mr Timo Seppälä, Senior Adviser

Mr Magnus Nyström, Senior Adviser

Finnish Environment Institute

Chemicals Division PO box 140, FIN-00251 HELSINKI FINLAND

Tel.: + 358 20 490 123

Fax: + 358 20 490 2591

[email protected] [email protected]

France Xavier Capilla, Chargé de Mission REACH et POP

Ministère de l‟Ecologie, du Developpement et de l‟Aménagement Durable (MEDAD)

20 avenue de Ségur, 75 302 Paris SP 07

00 33 1 42 19 10 52

00 33 1 42 19 14 68

[email protected]

FR 2009 Celine Fanguet; DG de la prévention des risques

Ministère de l‟Ecologie, du Developpement Durable et de l‟Aménagement du territoire (MEDAD)

La Grande Arche – Paroi Nord

00 33 1 40 81 86 99

00 33 1 40 81 20 72

[email protected]

Germany Dr. Steffi Richter

Umweltbundesamt/Federal Environment Agency

National and International Chemicals Safety

Wörlitzer Platz 1






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Member State


D-06813 Dessau –Rosslau

Tel.: + 49 340 2103 3275

FAX: +49 340 2104 3275

[email protected]

Ulrike Kowalski

Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin

Friedrich-Henkel-Weg 1-25

44149 Dortmund

Tel. 0231/9071-2516

Fax 0231/9071-2679

[email protected]

Hungary Máté Kovács, Counsellor

Ministry of Environment and Water

H-1011 Budapest, Fő u 44-50.

+36-1-457-3300/639

+36-1-201-3056

[email protected]

Ireland Mr. David O‟ Sullivan

Department of Environment Heritage and Local Government

Air Quality and Climate Section

Customs House

Dublin 1

Tel.: 00353 (0) 1 8882373

Fax: 00353 (0) 1 8882890

david_o'[email protected]

IE 2009 Mr. Eoin Deegan

Department of Environment Heritage and Local Government

Air Quality and Climate Section

Customs House

Dublin 1

Tel.: 00353 (0) 1 8882000

Fax: 00353 (0) 1 8882890

[email protected]

Italy D.ssa Giuliana Gasparrini

Direttore V Divisione – Ricerca Ambientale e Coordinamento della Rappresentanza del Ministero nelle sedi UE e presso ECE-ONU

Direzione Generale per la Ricerca Ambientale e lo Sviluppo

Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare

Via Cristoforo Colombo, 44

00174 - Rome

Italy

Tel: +390657228150

Fax: +390657228172

email: [email protected]

Latvia Anda Stiebre




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Member State


Ministry of the Environment of the Rpublic of Latvia

25 Peldu Street, Riga LV - 1494

Phone: +371 67026511

Fax: +371 6820442

[email protected]

Lithuania Marija Teriosina

Ministry of Environment

A. Jaksto St. 4/9, LT-01105, Vilnius, LITHUANIA

+370 5 266 3501

+370 5 266 3502

[email protected]

Luxembourg Pierre DORNSEIFFER

ADMINISTRATION DE L‟ENVIRONNEMENT

16, Rue Eugène Ruppert, L-2453 Luxembourg

+352 405656 648

+352 485078

[email protected]

Malta

Netherlands Mr. Jan-Karel Kwisthout

Deputy Head of Unit

Ministry of Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment

P.O. Box 30940, IPC 645

2500 GX Den Haag, Netherlands

Netherlands

Tel: +31 (70) 339 4726

Fax: +31 (70) 339 1286

email: [email protected]

Poland Arkadiusz Dzierżanowski Head of the Division on Waste Management Planning at the Department of Waste Management of the Ministry of the Environment

Ministry of the Environment

Wawelska Str. 52/54 00-922 Warsaw Poland

+48 22 5792591

+48 22 5792795

[email protected]

Portugal

Romania Mihaela CIOBANU, councillor

Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development

12 Libertǎţii Blvd, 5 District, Bucharest

Telephone: 00 40 21 316 04 21

Fax: 00 40 21 316 04 21

[email protected]

mailto:email:%[email protected]

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Member State


Slovakia Pavol Tehlár

General director of the Section of environmental quality of the MoE of the SR

MŢP Ministry of the Environment of the Slovak Republic

Nám. Ľ. Štúra 1

812 35 Bratislava 1

Slovak Republic

+421 2 6020 1674

+421 2 6020 1673

[email protected]

Slovakia Stanislav Štofko

General director of the Slovak Environmental Agency

SAŢP Slovak Environmental Agency Tajovského 28 975 90 Banská Bystrica Slovak Republic

+421 48 4374 111

+421 48 4230 409

[email protected]

Slovenia Vesna Ternifi, Secretary

National Chemicals Bureau / Ministry of Health

Ajdovščina 4 SI-1000 Ljubljana Slovenia [email protected]

++386 1 478 6251

++386 1 478 6266

[email protected]

Bojan Rode B. Sc., Barbara Štravs Grilc M. Sc.

Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia / Ministry of the Environment and Spatial Planning

Vojkova 1B SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia [email protected]; [email protected]

++386 1 478 4038; ++386 1 478 4156

++386 1 478 4051

[email protected]; [email protected]

Spain Maj-Britt Larka Abellán

Subdirectora General de Calidad del Aire y Medio Ambiente Industrial

Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Medio Rural y Marino

Pl. San Juan de la Cruz s/n

Phone: +34 914535380

Fax: +34 915340582

[email protected]

Sweden Mr. Bo Wahlström, Senior International Advisor

Swedish Chemicals Agency


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Member State


P.O. Box 2 SE-17213 SUNDBYBERG SWEDEN

+46 8 5194 1260

+46 8 735 7698

[email protected]

UK Sekai Ngarize

Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)

Nobel House Area 2A, 17 smith Square, London SW1P 3JR UK

00 44 207 238 1581

00 44 207 238 1602

[email protected]

Table 1-1: Overview on Article 12 contact officers (Status: 09. 06. 2009)

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1.2 Annex Production and placing on the market

1.2.1 Export/Import Bulgaria

Year Substance kg Country of destination

08.2000 Aldrin 3531 NL for disposal

08.2000 Dieldrin 131 NL for disposal

08.2000 DDT 18485 NL for disposal

08.2000 POP pesticide mixtures 5533 NL for disposal

Table 1-2: Exports of Annex I/II substances from Bulgaria

Table 1-3: Ban for use an placing on the market of POP epsticides in Bulgaria (Annual Article 12 Report 2007)

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Table 1-4: Exports of Annex I/II substances from Bulgaria (Annual report 2008)

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1.2.2 Placing of POP substances on the market Ireland

The Irish Medicines Board (IMB), the regulatory authority for the authorisation for use of human and veterinary medical products, currently

authorises a product called Oridermal which is a veterinary product used in the ear canals of dogs. This product contains 10 milligrams (mg) of

lindane (0.005 %w/w) which is an active ingredient against ear mites. Please see link below for the summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) for

the product Oridermal.

http://www.imb.ie/EN/Medicines/VeterinaryMedicines/VeterinaryMedicinesListing.aspx?page=2&tradename=&licenseholder=&licensenumber=&act

ive=&legalstatus=&authdate=&orderby=name&orderascending=True&auth=AUTHORISED&withdrawdate=6MONTHS&letter=O

Information received from the company that currently holds the authorisation (Vetoquinol UK Ltd,) indicates that approximately 257 Kg of the

product was been placed on the Irish Market for the calendar year 2006 and approximately 175 kg up to July 2007. See information on table 1

below.

Table 1-5: Information provided by Vetoquinol UK Ltd. relating to Oridermyl

As per Annex 1 Part B of Regulation 850/2004, there is a specific exemption for lindane use until 31.12.2007. (i.e. (b) until 31.12.2007 – Products

in which at least 99% of the HCH isomer is in the gamma form (lindane) are restricted for use as public health and veterinary topical insecticide).

http://www.imb.ie/EN/Medicines/VeterinaryMedicines/VeterinaryMedicinesListing.aspx?page=2&tradename=&licenseholder=&licensenumber=&active=&legalstatus=&authdate=&orderby=name&orderascending=True&auth=AUTHORISED&withdrawdate=6MONTHS&letter=O

http://www.imb.ie/EN/Medicines/VeterinaryMedicines/VeterinaryMedicinesListing.aspx?page=2&tradename=&licenseholder=&licensenumber=&active=&legalstatus=&authdate=&orderby=name&orderascending=True&auth=AUTHORISED&withdrawdate=6MONTHS&letter=O

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As the competent authority for implementing the POPs Regulation, the EPA is liaising with the IMB and Vetoquinol UK Ltd. with regards to the

removal of this product from the market place after the 31/12/2007.

Table 1-6: Information provided by Vetoquinol UK Ltd. relating to Oridermyl

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1.2.3 Placing on the market Lithuania (Exemption)

The substances were placed on the market for use as laboratory standard chemicals.

The following table specifies year, substance, amount and country of origin.

Year Substance kg Country of origin

2005 Lindan (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexachlorcyclohexan), CAS No 58-89-9 0,00025 Germany

2005 DDT (1, 1, 1-trichlor-2, 2-bis-(4-chlorphenyl)-ethan), CAS No 50-29-3 0,0001 Germany

2006 Aldrin, CAS No 309-00-2 0,00025 Germany

2006 Dieldrin, CAS No 60-57-1 0,0001 Germany

2006 Hexachlorbenzene, CAS No 118-74-1 0,00025 Germany

2006 Endrin, CAS No 72-20-8 0,00025 Germany

Table 1-7: Placing on the market of Annex I/II substances in Lithuania

1.2.4 Information on Export/Import according to Article 15 reports

Germany

Germany 2004-2005 Import Export

Hydraulic oils 37 tonnes (NL)

Insulation and heat transmission oils 2.714 tonnes (ES, FR, GR, IE, IT, LU, MX, NL, TR)

Transformers and capacitors 4.498 tonnes (AT, BE, CH, DK, ES, FR, GR, HR, IE, IT, LU, MX, NL, PL, RO, SI, TR, YU)

654 tonnes (DK)

Construction and demolition waste 1.572 tonnes (ES, FR, IT, NL, NO, TR)

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Table 1-8: Export and import of POPs into in Germany according to Article 15 report

The Netherlands

The Netherlands exported and imported articles containing PCB for disposal.

Netherlands 2001-2004 PCB articles for disposal

Import 5609 tonnes

Export 919 tonnes

Destruction 917 tonnes

Table 1-9: Export, import for disposal and destruction of articles containing PCB in the Netherlands

1.2.5 Historic production according to NIPs

Member State Historic production and use of pesticides and PCB according to NIPs

Bulgaria No production or use of POPs pesticides and no PCBs production (NIP p 172).

Czech Republic Historical production of different plant agents containing Stockholm Convention POPs from the 1950ies to 1980 in former Czechoslovakia. Although precise data are not available, estimations are given in p. 21. On the following POPs, data are available: DDT, Dieldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor, HCB, Lindane, Toxaphene.

Cyprus None of the Annex A orB chemicals have ever been produced in Cyprus; import , export and use have been prohibited in 1980 for Aldrin, Chlordane, Dieldrin; 1976 for DDT and 2002 for PCB; other POP pesticides have never been approved for use

Denmark Only POPs ever used are use of DDT and dieldrin (to a larger extend); aldrin, endrin (phased out 1963) and heptachlor (phased out 1972) (p. 28); total consumption PCB estimated as 1,100-2,000 tonnes (1950-1980); no current production and use, no need for exemption

Lithuania Information is given on the total amount of pesticides use from 1961 to 2003 (p. 16). Between 1996 and 1999, the following amount of POPs pesticides was identified: DDT 9,438 t ; DDT no. 0,21 t ; Toxaphene 1,572 t ; Lindane 0,483 t (table 2).

Netherlands The only important pesticide production in the Netherlands concerned Drins which commenced in the 1950s and peaked in 1967 (8,000 tonnes of active substance per year). Production decreased to an average of 5,000 tonnes per year between 1970 and 1974. In 1975 and 1976, annual production was below the 5,000 tonne mark. Aldrin was the main product, at 55% (dieldrin 20%, endrin 25%). Approximately 98% of drins produced in the Netherlands up to the end of the 1970s were exported outside the EU, mainly as „technical-grade product (p. 16)

There is no evidence that chlordane, DDT, Heptachlor, HCB, Mirex, PCB were produced in the Netherlands. They all were in use at different time periods but no further details are given in the NIP.

Romania DDT and Heptachlor were the only POP pesticides produced in Romania (no amount indicated). No use of POPs pesticides since 1990.

Slovakia POPs pesticides were never produced in the territory of Slovakia or Czechoslovakia respectively (p. 35). Use data are not indicated in the NIP.

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Member State Historic production and use of pesticides and PCB according to NIPs

Spain Information is spread over various institutions, estimation on use based on indirect sources; Ban of use of aldrin ,chlordane, dieldrin, DDT, endrin, heptachlor, HCB and toxaphene as pesticides since 1986; as insecticides since 1994

Ban on PCB since 1989

DDT is not used a raw material in dicofol production in Spain; araising amonts during the production process are separated and disposed of according to requirements; waste water levels are below established limits.

Sweden Endrin banned 1966, aldrin and dieldrin 1970, chlordane 1971, DDT 1975, HCB 1980. PCP was banned in 1980; Heptachlor, Toxaphene and Mirex have never been used. Import and export was successively restricted between 1993–2003. None of the POPs pesticides has ever been produced in SE. No information on historical use are given. (p. 42)

PCB have mainly been imported (USA, UK, FR, DE); capacitor production in Sweden by ABB, Rifa; Use as capacitor, paint, sealant, flooring material, solvent; Use as haydraulic and heat transfer fluid stopped in 1970ties, use as transformer, power capacitor not permitted since 1994. Remaining uses in buildings, additional stocks in archivated paper, landfills (paper, PCB equipment);

No current production or use; no exemptions needed

Table 1-10: Overview on information about historic production and use of pesticides and PCB according to N

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1.2.6 Bans on marketing and use according to Article 15 reports

Member State Ban for marketing and use Exemption DDT

Belgium Banned according to EU legislation No

Czech Republic Eldrin banned since 1984, Heptachlor banned since 1989, Hexachlorbenzene banned in 1977 (historic production in Spolana Neratovice until 1968); Toxaphene banned 1986, DDT banned 1974, #PCB; other never produced or registered

No

Cyprus DDT banned 1976; Aldrin and Dieldrin banned in 1980; Chlordane banned 1988; PCB banned 2002; all other substance never authorized

No

France Placing on the market and use prohibited in 1992 for all POP pesticides (except Mirex); No

Germany Aldrin, Chlordane, Dieldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor, Hexachlorbenzene, banned by Directive 91/414/EEC;

MIrex, Toxaphene components of registered pesticides

PCB banned starting in 1978, DDT totally phased-out in 1972

No

Netherlands Toxaphene banned 1968, Hexachlorbenzene and DDT banned 1973, Heptachlor banned 1978; Dieldrin banned 1980, Chlordane banned 1981, Aldrin banned 1982; PCB banned 1985 by EU Directive

No

Table 1-11: Summary on information on bans for marketing and use of POPs in EU Member States

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1.3 Annex Stockpiles

1.3.1 Presence of POP Stockpiles according to Article 12 reports

MS Stockpiles of substances listed in Annex I or II of which the use is permitted

Stockpiles of substances listed in Annex I or II of which the use is permitted

Yes No Substances Yes No Substances

AT x x

BE x x

BG x PCBs x

CY x x

CZ x PCBs x

DE x x

DK x x

EE

ES

FI x x

FR x x

GR

HU x x

IE x PCB x

IT

LT x PCBs x Pesticide waste

LU x PCBs (<500 mg/kg) x PCBs (>500 mg/kg)

LV

MT

NL x x

PL x x

PT

RO x

SE x x

SI x x PCBs

SK x x

UK x x

Table 1-12: Status of reporting on stockpiles under Article 12 of Regulation (EC) 850/2004

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1.3.2 PCB stockpiles in the Brussels Capital Region

- Brussels-Capital Region:

Estimation following CLEEN methodology (May 2007)

type equipm. Number weight (kg)

weight dielectric (kg)

weight tot (kg)

weight tot dielectric (kg)

Induction coil 3 500 150 1.500 450

Capacitor 535 30 10 16.050 5.350

Container 1 500 150 500 150

Electric resistance

3 500 150 1.500 450

Transformers 3.230 1.500 500 4.845.000 1.615.000

Total 3.772 4.864.550 1.621.400

Soil: Volume contaminated by PCB/PCT : 2793 m³ (1992 - 2007)

1.3.3 PCB stockpiles in Bulgaria (2007)

Quantity Unit Nature Location Management measures

184 Holders of PCB containing equipment, pieces.

PCB Known

Inventory, Labelling,

Decontamination, phasing out, disposal

155 TRANSFORMERS, pcs.

PCB Known

thereof 134 In operation, pcs. PCB Known

and 16 Phased – out, pcs. PCB Known

and 5 Spare on stock, pcs.

PCB Known

21 989 CAPACITORS, pcs.

PCB Known

thereof 11 183 In operation, pcs. PCB Known

and 7 492 Phased – out, pcs. PCB Known

and 3 314 Spare on stock, pcs.

PCB Known

181 Other Equipment, pcs.

PCB Known

thereof 161 In operation, pcs. PCB Known

and 1 Phased – out, pcs. PCB Known

and 19 Spare on stock, pcs.

PCB Known

22 325 TOTAL PCB equipment, pcs.

PCB Known

thereof 11 478 In operation, pcs. PCB Known

and 7 509 Phased – out, pcs. PCB Known

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and 3 338 Spare on stock, pcs.

PCB Known

630973 Total kg PCB Known

Equipment possibly containing PCBs

887 Pieces of

equipment Oils from equipment

known

Analyses thereof 761 Transformers Transformer oil known

and 126 Other pieces of

equipment Oils from equipment

known

Table 1-13: Current PCB stockpiles in Bulgaria according to Article 12 report

1.3.4 PCB stockpiles in Luxembourg


Remark

24 in 990 kg PCB in pieces (Transformators)

PCB liquids < 50 mg/kg

known inventorisation, no restriction


PCB liquids 50-500 mg/kg

known inventorisation, restriction after 31 December 2010, future elimination

the owners have been contacted to draw their attention on the forthcoming restriction


PCB liquids 500-5000 mg/kg

known inventorisation, restriction since 1 January 2006,

elimination

the owners have been contacted and asked to evacuate and eliminate the corresponding equipment


PCB liquids > 5000 mg/kg

known inventorisation, restriction since 1 January 2006, elimination

the owners have been contacted and asked to evacuate and eliminate the corresponding equipment

Total

166 kg PCB known inventorisation and elimination

Table 1-14: Current PCB stockpiles in Luxembourg according to Article 12 report

1.3.5 PCB stockpiles in Slovenia

No. Region Legal person responsible (owner); location of the PCB equipment

Date of registration

Amount of the equipment (kg)

1. Dolenjska Akripol d.d., Prijateljeva 11, Trebnje 29.3.2004 208

2. Dolenjska Beti d.d., Tovarniška 2, Metlika 25.2.2004 18099

3. Dolenjska Inkos d.o.o., Krmelj 51, Krmelj 25.2.2004 5860

4. Dolenjska Labod konfekcija Novo mesto d.d., Seidlova 35, Novo mesto

27.8.2004 144

5. Dolenjska Melamin d.d., Tomšičeva 9, Kočevje 26.3.2004 740

6. Dolenjska Novoles d.d. Straţa, Na ţago 6, Straţa 31.3.2004 575

7. Dolenjska Revoz d.d., Belokranjska 4, Novo mesto 25.3.2004 8745

8. Dolenjska Tadis d.o.o., Kandijska 60, Novo mesto 27.8.2004 708

9. Gorenjska Alples d.d., Češnjica 48 b, Ţelezniki 30.3.2004 400

10. Gorenjska Cestno podjetje Kranj, Jezerska c. 20, Kranj 8.4.2004 99

11. Gorenjska Enos-Energetika d.o.o., Cesta ţelezarjev 8, Jesenice

26.2.2004 1161

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12. Gorenjska Gorenjska predilnica d.d., Kidričeva c. 75, Škofja Loka

23.3.2004 1680

13. Gorenjska Hartchrom Rendulič s.p., Zg. Duplje 73, Duplje 1.4.2004 7100

14. Gorenjska IBI Kranj d.d., Jelenčeva 1, Kranj 5.3.2004 450

15. Gorenjska KIK Kemijska industrija Kamnik d.o.o., Fuţine 9, Kamnik

1.4.2004 860

16. Gorenjska Lip Bled d.d., Ljubljanska 32, Bled 5.4.2004 879

17. Gorenjska Tokos d.o.o., Cankarjeva 9, Trţič 18.6.2004 444

18. Goriška Bača d.d., Podbrdo 67, Podbrdo (v stečaju) 24.9.2004 560

19. Goriška Celes d.o.o., Pot na Zavrte 23, Cerkno 8.3.2004 220

20. Goriška IMP Klima d.o.o., Godovič 150 Godovič 3.3.2004 440

21. Goriška Livarna Gorica d.o.o. 18.2.2004 2260

22. Goriška Mizar d.d., Volčja Draga 42, Volčja Draga 24.3.2004 285

23. Goriška Mlekarna Planika d.o.o., Gregorčičeva 32, Kobarid 26.1.2006 949

24. Goriška TKK Srpenica, Srpenica 1, Srpenica 31.3.2004 649

25. Koroška Livarna Vuzenica d.o.o. 1.4.2004 10102

26. Koroška Paloma Prevalje d.d., Nicina 10, Prevalje 8.4.2004 577

27. Koroška Petrol Energetika d.o.o., Koroška c. 14, Ravne na Koroškem

31.3.2004 13132

28. Notranjska Brest Pohištvo d.o.o., Cesta 4.maja 18, Cerknica 25.8.2004 780

29. Notranjska Javor Pivka d.d., Kolodvorska cesta 9a, Pivka 6.8.2004 2379

30. Notranjska Lesonit d.d., Ulica Nikola Tesle 11, Ilirska Bistrica 1.4.2004 68182

31. Obala in Kras

Krasoprema d.d., Dutovlje 127 a, Dutovlje 26.3.2004 354

32. Obala in Kras

Lama d.d., Dekani 5, Dekani 31.3.2004 1290

33. Obala in Kras

Tropex d.o.o., Šmarje 16, Šmarje 29.3.2004 6431

34. Osrednja Slovenija

Delo tiskarna d.d., Dunajska 5, Ljubljana 5.4.2004 5600


Elan Bikes, Letališka 29, Ljubljana 6.4.2004 645


Fenolit d.d., Breg 22, Borovnica 1.4.2004 70


Helios TBLUS Količevo d.o.o., Količevo 65, Domţale

24.3.2004 702


IMOS d.d., Dunajska 56, Ljubljana 8.7.2004 550


KLI Logatec d.d., Tovarniška 36, Logatec 18.3.2004 1468


KOPS d.d., Industrijska 5, Grosuplje 4.3.2004 130


Lek d.d., Verovškova 57, Ljubljana 5.4.2004 192


LIP Radomlje d.d., Pelechova 15, Radomlje 28.10.2004 812


Mesnine deţele Kranjske d.d., Agrokombinatska 63, Ljubljana

12.3.2004 732


Piroliza d.o.o., Sp. Pirniče 60/a, Medvode 12.11.2004 900


Saturnus Avtooprema d.d., Letališka 17, Ljubljana 19.5.2004 8671


Savske elektrarne d.o.o., Gorenjska 46, Medvode 2.6.2004 30200


Slovenske ţeleznice d.o.o., Kolodvorska 11, Ljubljana, PE promet

8.4.2004 1445

48. Osrednja Slovenske ţeleznice d.o.o., Kolodvorska 11, 8.4.2004 318

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Slovenija Ljubljana, UP za org. in spl. zadeve


Slovenske ţeleznice d.o.o., SEE Ljubljana, Tivolska 41, Ljubljana

9.4.2004 5043


Slovenske ţeleznice d.o.o., Centralne delavnice, Zaloška 217, Ljubljana

30.3.2004 510


Telekom Slovenije d.d., Cigaletova 15, Ljubljana 24.8.2004 236

52. Podravje Lesnina Emmi d.d., Kolodvorska 37 a, Slovenska Bistrica

26.3.2004 56

53. Podravje Mariborska Livarna Maribor d.d., Oreško nareţje 9, Maribor

29.3.2004 14880

54. Podravje MTT Tekstil d.o.o., Kraljeviča Marka 19, Maribor 1.12.2004 2055

55. Podravje SŢ Centralne delavnice d.o.o., Kurilniška 8, Maribor 25.3.2004 216

56. Podravje TDR Metalurgija d.d., Tovarniška c. 51, Ruše 20.4.2005 8404

57. Podravje Tom d.o.o., Jadranska c. 28, Maribor 30.3.2004 1176

58. Pomurje Paloma d.d., Sladki vrh 1, Sladki vrh 1.4.2004 1620

59. Pomurje Paloma Tovarna lepenke Ceršak d.d., Tovarniška 4, Ceršak

9.2.2004 1366

60. Posavje Metalna Senovo d.o.o., Titova 52, Senovo 17.2.2004 2674

61. Posavje Vipap Videm Krško d.d., Tovarniška 18, Krško 24.8.2004 30225

62. Savinjska Aero Papiroti d.o.o., Ipavčeva 32, Celje 30.3.2004 390

63. Savinjska Bohor d.o.o., Cesta Leona Dobrotinška 9, Šentjur 5.4.2004 416

64. Savinjska Cinkarna d.d., Kidričeva 26, Celje 2.6.2004 485

65. Savinjska Feniks d.o.o., Cesta Ţalskega tabora 10, Ţalec 7.4.2004 10536

66. Savinjska Glin Tip Brest d.o.o., Lesarska c. 10, Nazarje 1.4.2004 1722

67. Savinjska Izletnik d.d., Aškerčeva 20 Celje 6.4.2004 60

68. Savinjska Klima Celje d.d., Delavska c. 5, Celje 15.3.2004 400

69. Savinjska KLS d.d., Loke 36, Ljubno ob Savinji 4.2.2004 135

70. Savinjska Kovis Livarna d.o.o., Ţelezarska 3, Štore 8.4.2004 4500

71. Savinjska Radeče papir d.d., Njivice 7, Radeče 1.4.2004 982

72. Savinjska Štore Steel d.o.o., Ţelezarska 3, Štore 22.7.2004 532

73. Savinjska Tekstilna tovarna Prebold d.d., Tovarniška c. 7, Celje

30.9.2004 18786

74. Savinjska Valji d.o.o., Ţelezarska c. 3, Štore 1.4.2004 17925

75. Zasavje Steklarna Hrastnik-Vitrum d.o.o., Cesta1. maja 14, Hrastnik

7.4.2004 1242

76. Zasavje SVEA Lesna industrija Zagorje d.d., Cesta 20. julija 23, Zagorje

1.4.2004 342

77. Goriška Agrogorica d.d., Vrtojbenska c. 48, Šempeter pri Gorici

9.3.2006 440

78. Savinjska Petrol Energetika d.o.o., PE Energetika Štore, Ţelezarska c. 3, Štore

10.5.2006 3580

79. Savinjska Merkur, Mariborska 162, Celje 14.10.2004 226

80. Podravje Talum d.d., Tovarniška 10, Kidričevo 16.8.2004 26274

81. Obala in Kras

Aluminij oprema d.d., Komen 129 a, Komen 12.8.2004 351

82. Podravje Impol d.d., Partizanska 38, Slovenska Bistrica 16.8.2004 19807


Induplati d.d., Kamniška 24, Zgornje Jarše, Domţale 17.8.2004 672


Julon d.d., Letališka 15, Ljubljana 29.7.2004 715


Litostroj Holding d.d. (v stečaju), Litostrojska c.40, 1515 Ljubljana

6.8.2004 2280

86. Gorenjska Galvanika CMC, Lesce?? (TROPEX d.o.o.) 1491

87. Pomurje Galvana INOX, Murska Sobota (TROPEX d.o.o.) 2546

88. Podravje Galvana JGZ KOZJAK, Maribor (TROPEX d.o.o.) 2394

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89. Gorenjska Planika Turnišče proizvodnja in trgovina z obutvijo d.o.o., Prešernova ul. 4, 9224 Turnišče

25.10.2006 1895

Table 1-15: Current PCB stockpiles in Slovenia according to Article 12 reports

1.3.6 PCB stockpiles according to NIPs and Article 15 reports

Member State PCB containing equipment according to NIPs

Bulgaria A preliminary inventory of PCBs in equipment showed the availability of electric equipment, containing PCBs with concentration > 0,05 % by weight and volume > 5 dm. Out of the total of 61 333 items of electric equipment inventoried, 2 614 transformers and capacitors and 1 977,2 t oils, containing PCBs > 0,05 % by weight have been identified. Holders of that PCBs equipment are mainly companies from electric power sector, metallurgy, mining and chemical industry. (NIP p. 14/15)

Czech Republic See Article 12 report

Cyprus In Cyprus, PCBs were never produced and their use has been progressively eliminated since the beginning of the decade of the 1970s. the Government of Cyprus imposed a ban in 1987 on the import of PCB-containing equipment. In Cyprus, PCB-containing equipment has never been manufactured. For the import of transformers, a chemical analysis certificate is required by an approved laboratory, ensuring that the oil of the transformers is free from PCBs.

Quantitative analyses were carried out on 149 samples from transformers out of which only for one there was indication that its PCB content was above 5 dm

3. It was also found out that

forty transformers contained between 50 and 500 mg/kg PCBs.

A list of the condensers that may contain PCBs has been prepared, based on an internationally recognized list of manufacturers.

The Electricity Authority of Cyprus carried out an investigation between 1989 and 1995 regarding the content of PCBs in all electrical equipment under its possession. As a result of this investigation 565 transformers were located and decontaminated (a total of 107 tonnes of fluid)

Denmark End of 1990ies about 3.3 tonnes remaining equipment identified; small amounts in households or small enterprises expected no proof for this;

Finland No precise inventory. It is estimated that a total of more than 3 million small scale capacitors containing PCBs have been manufactured in / imported to FI (p. 12)

France ADEME has realized a first national inventory on PCB containing products in 2003 based on data from each Department. The total number of equipment is 545 610 pieces, the major part of these being used for the production, the transport, and the distribution of electric energy.

Germany Information is given on PCBs still in use in large closed equipment, PCBs still in use in small closed equipment, Waste wood containing PCBs, Used oil Containing PCBs and PCBs still in use in “open” Systems (p. 21/22)

Latvia No information regarding the quantities of imported and used PCBs or PCB containing equipment in the past.

A recent (yet unfinished) inventory identified PCB containing equipment currently in use, as well as the quantities of PCB waste. According to the inventory data 4265 capacitors (gross weight 139 343 kg) and 34 transformers (gross weight 231 634 kg) are still in use in LV.

Lithuania Though no PCBs / PCB containing equipment was ever manufactured in LT, PCB containing transformers and capacitors have been found in the country. An overview of the capacitors and transformers is given in NIP table 4. The major part of the equipment identified in LT is still in operation. Therefore collection of information on this type of equipment is complicated. It may be estimated that the information about 70-80 % of PCB containing equipment is currently available. Taking all contributing factors referred above into consideration it can be estimated that 380-450 tons of PCB containing oil in 1100-1300 tons of equipment may be present in LT.

Netherlands No PCB stockpiles or equipment left; In the 1980ies, the national government introduced a subsidy scheme for the replacement and elimination of PCB-containing refrigerants and PCB-containing equipment (transformers and capacitors). Under the scheme a subsidy of 60% of the cost of dismantling, removal and destruction of the equipment and a subsidy of 20% of the cost of purchasing replacement equipment was provided. As a result, a total of 570 of the assumed 790 tonnes of PCBs present in transformers and big capacitors were eliminated between 1984 and 1989, representing a reduction of 72%. The PCBs were removed from 19,329 capacitors (84%) and 1,041 transformers (85%). At the time, a total of €5.7 million4 was earmarked for subsidies, equivalent to €100 (capacitors) and €14 (transformers) per

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Member State PCB containing equipment according to NIPs

kilogram of removed PCBs.

Further, a PCB containing waste stream assessment including transfrontier shipments is presented in the NIP (Table 5.1, p. 29).

Romania An assessment has been performed for PCB containing equipment in 2004, yet to be completed. The results are presented in Table 2.3.2.1, broken down to regions.

Nationwide, the number of transformers and capacitors out of use is 52,030 with 510,358 litres PCB; the number of transformers and capacitors under operation is 94,237 pieces / 1,911,820 litres

Slovakia Based on extensive inventories, which were carried out in 2000 and 2002, current existence of about 3500 tons of PCBs (1000 tons of production wastes, 1000 tons in closed systems and 1500 tons of various PCBs containing wastes) may be assumed in total SK.

Further 900 tons of PCBs containing wastes are probably stored at the Pláne landfill. Nearly 31 000 pieces of contaminated equipment has been identified during the primary inventory. A second inventory started in 2004.In June 2005, a number of 38 100 pieces of contaminated equipment in operation was recorded.

Spain Registered appliances by 31-12-2004 51.291 tons (could be up to 56.500 t); destroyed between 29-8-1999 and 31-12-2004 33.511 t; figures do not include appliances from other possessors (e.g. military) and do not appliances with unknown PCB content, which due to production date should be investigated

Sweden PCBs have never been synthesized on a commercial scale in SE. However, they have been produced for reference substance purposes. Technical PCBs and products containing PCBs have been imported for various uses (e.g. manufacture and use of electrical capacitors; plasticizer in sealants used for joints in buildings) Few data are available on the quantities involved. An inventory is planned. (p. 82)

According to the report Management of PCB in Buildings (June 2002, file No 643- 2492-02), 100–500 tonnes of PCBs have been used in sealants in buildings. The quantity still in buildings may be in the lower part of this range. Sealed insulating glazing contains around 35 tonnes and acrylic floor coverings 20–30 tonnes. The amounts in small capacitors for fluorescent tubes add up to 20 tonnes. There is limited information available on the production of POPs waste.

UK The EA hold registers of all remaining PCB holdings in the UK. In September 2006, the register showed that 62 companies registered their equipment in England and Wales, 6 of which have holdings in Wales. There are a total of 25,164 items of equipment, of which particulars are registered in England and Wales, 278 of which are in Wales. On 30 September 2006, the register held by Scottish EPA showed that there were 10 registered holders and 251 registered holdings in Scotland.

Table 1-16: Overview on PCB stockpiles (equipment) according to NIPs

Belgium (Article 15 report)

Region PCB inventory Belgium Destruction PCB

Wallonia (2007) 8696 items including 6740 already disposed off (2001-2006) 811 t exported to FR and DE

Flanders (?) 14.659 transformers (35.250 t); 5590 condensers (600 t); 181 other items (53 t)

(2006) ~2000 t incinerated

Brussels 3975 items (4.8645 t; dielectric 1.621 t) ?

Table 1-17: Current PCB stockpiles in Belgium according to Article 15 reports

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1.3.7 Strategies for identification of stockpiles according to Article 15 reports

Member State Strategies for identification of stockpiles, products, articles in use and wastes containing POPs according to Article 15 reports

Belgium Legal framework in early nineties; strategies have been developed in Flanders (ban 1986); Wallonia (1999) and Brussels; in Flanders and Brussels all PCB equipment should be destroyed by 2005 depending on date of production; derogations possible; PCB inventories at federal level 1990 in regions 1999-2000

Czech Republic Yes, part of NIP

PCB: Government Regulation No. 197/2003 Coll. Of June 4, 2003 on Waste Management Plan of the Czech Republic Part of the National Plan of the Waste Management covers: 3.3. Principles for Management of Selected Wastes and Installations pursuant to Part Four of the Act on Wastes 3.3.1. Wastes containing PCBs1) and installations containing such wastes In the interests of meeting targets to eliminate wastes containing PCBs and installations containing such wastes or decontamination thereof by the year 2010: a) provide for completion and evaluation of inventories of installations containing PCBs in amounts greater than 5 dm3 and establish conditions for decontamination of installations with PCB contents greater than 50 mg/kg PCB; b) prepare plans for decontamination or disposal of the installations in the inventory and the PCBs contained therein; c) prepare a methodology for the collection and subsequent disposal of installations containing PCBs not subject to the inventory; d) prepare a proposal for issuing passports for sites in the Czech Republic contaminated with PCBs. 01/07/2003

Decree No. 384/2001 Coll. On waste management of PCB There are set: • Technical requirements for managing PCB/PCT and technical requirements for equipment containing these substances including measures to protect human health and the environment • Arbitration methods and the method to determine the total concentration of PCBs in substance and equipment containing PCBs • Details on the way of proving non-existence of PCBs; The way of labeling equipment containing PCBs and being subject to record-keeping • The way of labeling decontaminated equipment • Records of the equipment and substances containing PCB and the way of their reporting 01/01/2002

Cyprus EU legal aquis adopted; but no data on remaining stockpiles and destroyed POP contents

France Decrets No 2002-540 and 2005-635; Elimination plan Decret No 96-1009; Elimination plan PCB Ministerial order 2003; POP contents destroyed but no data on remaining stockpiles and destroyed POP contents

Germany

Strategies developed prior to NIP; no stockpiles of this kind were reported to the responsible state agencies; POP contents have been destroyed by high temperature incineration of by co-incineration in cement kilns; no data are provided on amounts Cases of DDT contamination are to be expected in the former East Germany, in particular in timber structures in buildings, since products containing DDT (Hylotox 59) were in widespread use indoors until 1989. In #1998, over 1,000 t/a (3.5 % DDT) of this product were still being produced.

The remediation target value for indoor spaces contaminated with #PCB, DDT is 340 ng/m3 air; the intervention value is 3,400 ng/m3. For recycling wood, the Waste Wood Ordinance sets maximum levels for polychlorinated biphenyls (5 mg/kg) and pentachlorophenol (3 mg/kg). When batches are sampled as prescribed under the Ordinance, it is assumed that other organochlorine compounds such as DDT will be included in the analysis alongside PCBs and PCP. Thus any wood that is identified as having been treated will be disposed of accordingly. The ban on landfilling of untreated biologically degradable wastes from households and commercial sources means that from 1 June 2005 the possibility of landfilling waste wood is ruled out.

A systematic identification of the PCB volumes to be disposed of, the disposal options and disposal capacities and the weak points of the disposal of equipment containing PCBs was initiated in the Federal Republic of Germany in the 80s.

A study on the origin and fate of PCBs commissioned by the Federal Environment Agency, to be completed by 31 December 1988, was presented in 1990. This study was used primarily for identifying the PCB volumes to be disposed of in Germany from before 1989. In the framework of another study, the investigations were extended to include the new Länder and the Federal institutions of Bundespost, Bundesbahn and Reichsbahn. It also covered the use and fate of polychlorinated diphenyl methane (PCDM) in mining. On the basis of these inventories, the Federal Government worked out a plan for the

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Member State Strategies for identification of stockpiles, products, articles in use and wastes containing POPs according to Article 15 reports

disposal of PCBs and equipment containing PCBs. These studies were submitted to the Commission in 1992 and 1995 in the framework of reporting obligations.

In a following coordination process of the Federal Länder with the Federal Environment Ministry, the Länder, by 31 December 2000, specified in detail every single decommissioned equipment containing PCBs, which had not yet been disposed of and the equipment containing PCBs still in operation with a limited exceptional permit. This inventory shows that the majority of the equipment containing PCBs has been disposed of already by the year 2000.

In addition German authorities and universities have conducted several studies about the use of PCB-containing equipment and the occurrence of PCB in certain residues. Examples are

- Forschungsvorhaben PCB-Kleinkondensatoren, Arbeitsgruppe Umweltstatistik – ARGUS – an der Technischen Universität Berlin, Dezember 1988

- Herkunft und Verbleib PCB-haltiger Rückstände BSM – Gesellschaft für Betriebsberatung mbH Düsseldorf, UBA – Förderkennzeichen 103 02 119 April 1990

- PCB in DDR-Haushaltgroßgeräten, Niels Jungbluth et al. Technische Universität Berlin Januar 1993

- Richtlinie für die Bewertung und Sanierung PCB-belasteter Baustoffe und Bauteile in Gebäuden, Fachkommission Baunormung der ARGEBAU, Projektgruppe „Schadstoffe“ Deutsches Institut für Bautechnik, September 1994, Untersuchungen des Sammelschrotts auf PCB-Quellen und Entwicklung geeigneter Vorbehandlungsmaßnahmen, Jochen SchiemannUBA – Forschungsbericht 103 10 201 (UBA Texte 51/96).

Based on European Community legislation in a transitional provision, under Article 22, paragraph 2 of the Ordinance on Hazardous Materials, products may be used until end of life-time , at the latest, however, by 31 December 2010, provided that the component contains > 100 ml, but not more than 1000 ml of fluid containing PCBs, or until end of life-time provided that the component contains < 100 ml of fluid containing PCBs and provided that the product was in service on 29 July 1989. The use of capacitors with more than 1000 ml of fluid containing PCBs was banned as long ago as 1 January 1994. All other products containing PCBs (e.g. transformers) that do not come under the above-mentioned transitional provisions were allowed to be used until 31 December 1999.

Netherlands Legal framework implementing 96/59/EC came into force in 1998; a national regulation prohibiting the use of PCB containing products entered into force in 1991 already. All stockpiles have been eliminated

Table 1-18: Overview on strategies for identification of stockpiles, products, articles in use and wastes containing POPs according to Article 15 reports

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1.3.8 Pesticide stockpiles Bulgaria

Figure 1-1: Current Pesticides stockpiles in Bulgaria according to Article 12 report

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1.3.9 Pesticide stockpiles according to NIPs

Member State Stockpiles of POP pesticides Bulgaria Stockpiles of POPs pesticides have not been physically identified due to torn packages and

lack of labels. Need for additional site analysis.(NIP p 172) The assumed POPs pesticides stockpiles at the end of 2003 in Bulgaria are in the range of 22.25 t – 25.82 t. The obsolete pesticides mixtures, consisting of or contaminated with POPs comprise of approx. 30.06 t. The assumed total POPs pesticides stockpile is thus between 52.3 t and 55.9 t stored in 99 sites on the territory of 22 districts. To identify the specific POPs pesticides, contained in 2308 t obsolete „unknown „ composition, stored in 477 unrepaired municipal warehouses, the implementation of detailed POPs pesticides Inventory is required. (NIP p. 11, 147)

Czech Republic Data are given for 1993 overview of the unusable pesticide stocks liquidated in 1993. (table 9) Preparation Amount [kg, l] DDT 2 104 Lindan 61 HCH 560 Grand Total 105 479

Cyprus Annexes A and B of the Stockholm Convention have never been produced in Cyprus and their import and use is prohibited. The Customs and Excise Department which controls the import of chemical substances in Cyprus is informed about all prohibitions. As a result these substances are not imported or used in Cyprus. Cyprus has not applied for or secured any exemptions according to article 3(6) of the Stockholm Convention According to the records and inspections carried out by the Department of Agriculture in factories and stores of agricultural products, there are no stockpiles of the chemicals listed in Annexes A and B of the Convention. There are no recorded stockpiles of wastes that contain dioxins

Denmark No stockpiles of pesticides (p. 49)

Finland No known stockpiles of POPs in FI (p. 19)

France No information

Germany No stockpiles of this kind were reported to the state agencies responsible, so that it is assumed that none exist (now) in DE.(p. 20)

Latvia The majority of POPs pesticides stockpiles and temporary storage sites are located in the Kņava non-marketable chemical storage facility and in the Gardene hazardous waste disposal site (~200 t DDT; ~5 t Toxaphene; ~170 t Lindane; ~ 200 t Lindane and DDT mixture). (p. 30)

Lithuania In 1995 all pesticide storage depots present in LT were inventoried. More than 800 storage depots with a total of about 4500 tons of pesticides were found. The measurements of the precise coordinates of the depots were not taken during this inventory and no common inventory forms were drawn up. Consequently the information on the state of the storage depots and the quantity of substances stored therein was not comprehensive. Following the first inventory of pesticide storage depots, the found stockpile was re-sorted, repacked and transported to 44 central warehouses. Between 1996-1999 3257,9 tons of obsolete pesticides were managed (sorted, repackaged, weighted, taken into central warehouses) in 28 regions. 714 tons of unknown pesticides kept in 18 regional storage depots were identified by laboratory analysis.

Netherlands The Dutch strategy for PCB elimination entered into force in 1991; all stockpiles and equipment has been eliminated;

Romania The National EPA has inventoried existing Heptachlor and Toxaphene stocks in 2001, assessing an amount of 2942 kg of Toxaphene and 3544 kg of Heptachlor.

Slovakia POPs pesticide stockpiles are stored in SK territory mainly in the premises of the former agricultural farms and enterprises and they are still not reported to the appropriate state bodies as waste, In 2006, the POPs pesticides inventory showed an amount of 17 899.5 kg. No stockpiles of PCB and HCB. (p. 48)

Spain Estimated annual releases of 66 kg of DDT due to application of Dicofol on agricultural soils (based on a DDT content in dicofol as permitted of 0,1%) HCH (lindane) no genuine production; import of estimated 4 t/y, which are used for production of biocides by 4 enterprises

Sweden There are no known large stockpiles or wastes containing POPs pesticides. (p. 80) remaining stockpiles in private households nad small enterprises are targeted by campaigns mounted by farmer‟s organisations and local authorities

UK No information

Table 1-19: Overview on stockpiles of POP pesticides according to NIPs

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1.4 Annex Action Plans and Release Reduction

1.4.1 Action plans for reduction of unintentional releases

Member State Action plans for reduction of unintentional releases according to NIPs

Bulgaria POPs specific action plan for the period 2006-2008 is given within chapter 3 of NIP

Czech Republic Detailed action plans are indicated within chapter 3 of NIP

Cyprus Special attention will be paid on the control of emissions of the chemical substances listed in Annex C of the Convention and on the safe disposal of the stockpiles of PCBs.

Priorities are management and destruction of PCBs and the elimination of open burning of waste to reduce POPs releases since it was found out from the emission inventories that this is the main source of emissions of the pollutants listed in Annex C of the Convention.

Denmark A detailed action plan on unintentionally produced POPs is enclosed as Annex 1;

Focus on application of BAT for industrial sources, limit addition of PVC waste to MSW; information campaign and increased monitoring for domestic sources, research on formation mechanisms, extension of emission inventory on HCB and PCB, education, teeaching

Finland The National Action Plan on POPs is enclosed as Annex 1

France National plan of elimination and decontamination of PCB containing equipment (Synthesis given as Annex 1 to NIP). No further information.

Germany Elaboration of an emission inventory as the basis of the National Action Plan and which will be presented as an update to the NIP

Latvia An action Plan with all planned measures in the field of POPs is attached to the NIP

Lithuania Seven Action Plans are attached to NIP

Netherlands A National Action Plan is integral part of the NIP (chapter 9)

Romania Specific action plan is integral part of NIP

Slovakia Action Plan is integral part of the NIP

Spain Yes; priorities are inventory, alternatives, monitoring, information and education

Sweden Action Plan is integral part of the NIP; focus on diffuse sources, closing of knowledge gaps, improved self-monitoring, reduced costs for sampling and analysis, release reduction in metallurgical industry; development of processes and technologies to reduce POP formation, reduction of domestic waste combustion and landfill fires by educational measures and guidelines

UK UK has released a National Action Plan on Dioxins. A short abstract on its content is given within the NIP (p. 24)

Table 1-20: Overview on existence of action plans for reduction of unintentional releases (source: NIPs)

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1.4.2 Information on Action Plans in NIPs

Member State Actions concerning unintentionally produced POPs

Bulgaria An action plan is developed; Regulatory measures for IPPC are undertaken (see above); BAT application is legally regulated for existing and new installations. Planned: Further promote the application of available, feasible and practical measures for realistic and meaningful level of POPs release reduction or source elimination by including in the requirement of the issued integrated permits (BAT /BEP ) for the facilities from energy, metallurgy, chemical and cement industries and domestic solid waste burning plants, where it deems appropriate.

Czech Republic Carry out the emission inventory of HCB and PCBs and complete the inventory on PAHs and PCDDs/Fs into all constituents of the environment, to the waste and products. Its findings shall be taken into account when processing other strategic documents (SEP, Waste Management Plan, BREF documents, etc.). Draw a plan decreasing the content of chlorinated and of brominated substances in the environment, in wastes and in products referring to the processed inventory. (NIP p. 69)

Cyprus Releases from Industrial Installations

Atmospheric Emissions: Emissions to the atmosphere from industrial installations are regulated by the Control of Atmospheric Pollution Law of 2002, (Law 187(I)/2002) and the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Laws of 2003 and 2006, (Law 56(I)/2003 and Law 15(I)/2006) and the Regulations that were issued according to the provisions of Law 187(I)/2002. A basic requirement is the obligation to apply for an Emission Permit. The operating conditions and emission limits prescribed in the permits are based on BAT. An essential requirement for issuing the Permit since 2002 is the application of the Best Available Techniques. All major industrial sources that emit POPs have been granted permits. Compliance is ensured through inspections and measurements and also through the obligation of the plant operator for self monitoring.

Liquid/Solid Wastes: The disposal of wastes is regulated by the Water and Land Pollution Control Law of 2002, (Law 106(I)/2002) and the Management of Solid and Hazardous Wastes Law of 2002 (Law 215(I)/2002). Any POP wastes identified in the future will be either stored in in the facility for the management of hazardous waste that is expected to start operation in 2010 or will be exported from Cyprus for treatment abroad..

Emissions from Non-Industrial Sources – Open burning of Waste

Burning of Domestic Waste in Landfills: The aim of the Government is to create sites for the collection and separation of domestic waste for recycling purposes. Wastes that cannot be recycled (mainly organic waste) will be disposed of in sanitary landfills. The first Sanitary Landfill of Waste in Pafos operates since 2005. By 2010 all landfills currently under design or construction are expected to operate. The existing open landfills will be closed and the sites will be reclaimed.

Burning of Agricultural Waste: Until 2002 the practice in Cyprus for the disposal of various types of agricultural wastes was the open burning.

According to the Prevention of Fires in the Countryside (Amendment) Law of 2002 (Law 109(I)/2002) lighting a fire in any place in the countryside is prohibited. Lighting of fires is permitted only during the months of December and January for disposal of waste branches of vine trees and other fruit producing trees after obtaining a relevant permit from the local authority. Permits are also issued for the burning of trees or plants that have been infected by a disease. The burning of wheat stalk residues in the fields after harvesting is not permitted any more and there are continuous efforts to raise awareness among the farmers about this prohibition.

Burning of Animal Carcasses: Until recently the practice for disposing of dead animals from various animal farms was the burial, uncontrolled disposal in remote locations and even the burning on site using waste car tires as fuel. Since 2007 dead animals are disposed of by incineration at a central incinerator which incorporates the BAT.

Burning of Waste in Inhabited Areas: The burning of waste (branches of trees after pruning, weeds etc) in inhabited areas as well as the burning of waste in construction sites (paper and plastic bags, wood etc) is common practice. After a relevant search in Cyprus it has been found that the Municipalities do not have appropriate legislation to regulate the above processes. The Union of Municipalities, intends to modify the “Municipalities Law” in order to regulate the open burning of waste in inhabited areas. It is estimated that up to two years are needed for the preparation, approval and implementation of the new Law.

Burning of Biomass in Domestic Boilers: Domestic heating in Cyprus was initially achieved by burning wood in fireplaces (mainly in mountainous regions)

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and by the burning of liquefied natural gas and kerosene in small heaters. Subsequently, central heating systems that operate on diesel began to be used on a large scale. Recently, it was observed that there is a tendency to burn biomass and especially olive seeds as well as wood in domestic boilers for heating purposes. In order to prevent the increase of consumption of wood and other biomass for the purpose of domestic heating through small and inefficient boilers, the DLI recently started a campaign which aims at informing the various Governmental and non-governmental organisations involved about this subject. A series of events is scheduled which aim at raising public awareness about this issue.

The aim is not to prohibit the use of biomass but to promote its use in suitable boilers of high efficiency and low emissions. .

Denmark Studies on emissions from wood burning stoves and small combustion plants; evaluation whether sources for unintentional production of HCB and PCB have been overlooked and assessment thereof; requirements for installation of flue gas purification for mercury, with side effect on POPs.

The action plan focuses on estimation of current releases (mainly PCDD/PCDF, will be extended in the framework of PRTR and POP Regulation obligation; PCB and HCB information not yet available), evaluation of policy effectiveness ( major past initiatives are flue gas treatment, exhaust gas cleaning, mandatory separation of PCB containing capacitors in ELV, ban for PCP, ban of domestic waste burning, limit for PVC burning, requirement of BAT for industrial sources, Statutory Order for waste for domestic sector, emission limits, ban of leaded gasoline, PCB ban, labeling of domestic stoves,) strategies to meet the obligations (focus on waste incineration plants, private sources, crematoria, assessment of HCB and PCB sources), measures to promote knowledge (information campaigns for authorities, industry, public, schools), review process, implementation (incineration plans and private source continuously, knowledge from 2006, crematoria from 2009)

Finland Evaluating releases of dioxins, furans, PCB, and HCB into water and the air where no assessments are yet available.

Estimating future releases into water, the soil, and the air, while taking into consideration the source categories identified in the Convention‟s Annex C.

Improving the precision and efficiency of source inventories and annual estimates of PCDD/F, PCB, and HCB releases (total releases into the air and water).

Carrying out projects that improve the accuracy of emission factors for major domestic release sources.

Complementing the background report‟s (Annex 4) evaluation of the efficacy of Finland‟s current laws and policies.

Regulating emission requirements for stoves, furnaces, and boilers to be placed on the market. Other measures will include ensuring proper combustion by means of instructions and training, and possibly inspections, so that releases from stoves, furnaces, boilers, and fireplaces do not cause environmental or health hazards.

Providing citizens with significantly more information and education on the combustion of wood and other biofuels by means of brochures, information campaigns, information events, and in connection with chimney sweeping.

Paying special attention to the good management of PCDD/F and PCB releases in the environmental permit process when dealing with industrial processes (especially in the iron and metal industry, foundries, chemical production, and pulp and paper industry), energy production, and waste incineration.

Improving companies‟ awareness of POPs, their management, and obligations concerning their release. Permit applications will examine the possible formation of dioxin and furan releases in industrial and energy production processes.

Studying possibilities to carry out a systematic evaluation and inventory of POPs releases from highrisk municipal and industrial landfills, with measures subsequently taken to prevent these releases as necessary.

Establishing a permanent monitoring programme for sediments in the Kymi River, and drawing up a general plan for the river‟s restoration for decisionmaking purposes.

Effectively reducing traffic related PCDD/F releases so as to implement EU legislation and programmes on traffic and fuel, and also by adopting national taxation and charge systems that promote emission reductions.

Implementing training on POPs releases for the environmental permit and monitoring authorities, as well as for people responsible for energy production, waste management, and industrial facilities that might produce POP releases.

Evaluating the strategy‟s measures every five years to see how well they fulfil the obligations within Article 5 of the Stockholm Convention.

France Implementation and enforcement of EC requirements to reduce emissions from waste incineration. Plan National Santé-Environnement (PNSE) foresees a

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decrease of dioxin emissions to air of 85% by 2010 (p. 17)

Germany Implementation of European legislation on air protection, additional national legislation to protect air and water (p. 19) The relevant departments within the Federal Ministry of Defense have developed an action plan for phasing out the use of smoke munitions, which cause PCDDs/PCDFs and HCB to be formed when they are fired.

For munitions shot from tank howitzers, substitute materials are already available that from 2011will completely replace the old smoke munitions. In the case of mortar munitions, phase-out is only possible in the medium term, since the introduction of substitute munitions is not scheduled to start until 2008. Nevertheless, the goal of continuous reduction in consumption figures has been set, with a reduction of 1/3 in 2006, followed by continuing reduction until complete replacement is achieved once substitute materials have been received.

For the majority of the existing stockpiles, disposal as prescribed by Regulation (EC) No. 850/2004 is planned. (p. 38)

Latvia A number of measures with regards to POPs emissions mainly with respect to enforcement of existing legislation (e.g. introduction of IPPC requirements) is given in Action Plan and covering the following issues: Promoting the recycling of each type of waste according to appropriate technological processes; Developing the State Program for the management of POPs polluted sites; Ensuring a recording system for POPs generating contaminants; Optimizing the monitoring of POPs polluted sites (p. 66)

Lithuania Development of a exhaustive public municipal waste management system to cover decrease the amount of incinerated waste (e.g. from households), p. 57

Netherlands Measures are indicated as regards Dioxins. Waste incineration plants were originally by far the biggest sources of dioxins in NL. Thanks to strict emission-reducing measures at the beginning of the 1990s, waste incineration plants now only contribute a small proportion of overall emissions of dioxins.

The relevance of other diffuse sources such as stoves, open fires and wood preservation has increased proportionately. The possibilities for reducing emissions of dioxins even further in the NL are limited. There are strict requirements for emissions from waste incineration in the NL.

Along with BE, NL is one of the few countries in the EU to have standards for dioxins in food. NL has adopted BE standards for dioxins pending standardisation on a European level. However, the Netherlands is keen to see the introduction of harmonised standards. The proposed European standards are lower than the current Dutch standards. When these standards come into force, the Dutch standards will be adjusted to reflect them. The proposed standards protect public health sufficiently and do not pose a problem in terms of the Dutch situation. In addition, strict standards put pressure on all parties involved to seriously tackle the (further) reduction of emissions of dioxins into the environment and to avoid the use of contaminated raw materials in the production of animal feed.

Romania Within the complex of reduction and elimination of unintentional POPs releases, the main sectors concerned are transport, industrial sites and energy). In total 33 actions are presented, the focus laying on improving traffic policy and applying BAT at cement kilns firing hazardous wastes and waste incinerators

Slovakia Consequently applying BAT&BEP in pertinent sectors; educational measures (p. 83)

Spain Establish BAT for all known source sectors; develop BAT in accordance with technical progress; establish cleaner production centres, spread knowledge and information

Create inventory of concerned installations including also those not covered by IPPC

Elaborate guidelines to introduce BAT and BEP in industrial planning and processes, etc

Provide economic incentives for application of PAT in domestic sources; enhance control to enforce existing legislation; start modernization programmes

Enhance information exchange between federal ministry and autonomous regions; establish overview on emission situation in Spain by enhancing synergies between existing emission inventories; facilitate public access to information, coordinate information requests to avoid doubling of work; elaborate emission factors; Up-date and expand release information from different sectors (focus metallurgical industry sinter plants), investigate diffuse sources for >PCB, establish inventory for HCB; harmonise reporting for PAH (number of isomers)

Change from coal /wood combustion to gas for small industrial and domestic appliances to reduce POP emissions;

Need for increased monitoring and emission control for crematoria

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Ban of treated wood for combustion; change to modern stoves/boilers with complete combustion due to additional parts and installations

Modernisation of car park, technical inspections for old vehicles;

Enforcement of ban of open burning

Sweden Operators need to establish more clearly what emissions they give rise to. In this respect, operator self-monitoring needs to be improved. In order to be able to assess emissions from primary sources, more use needs to be made of continuous sampling methods.

As regards further reductions in certain sectors, further measures to reduce releases may be necessary for the he metallurgical sector, where there is still reasonable scope to reduce releases to air, in particular of dioxins.

Another area in which further measures may be necessary is the burning of bio-fuels and other alternative fuels.

Emissions to air from primary sources have been substantially reduced by flue-gas treatment. This does not represent a final solution to the problem, however, since the pollutants end up instead in the residues from the treatment processes. Even though the concentrations of POPs may be low, the total amounts are significant owing to the large quantities of residues arising and small-scale burning of wood. This may be of significance when all the small individual sources involved are added together. The quality and age of the boiler or stove, composition of the fuel, combustion procedures and cooling of gases significantly affect the formation of unintentionally produced POPs.

Landfill fires can be significant sources of unintentionally formed substances. It is difficult to assess the total loading for which they are responsible. Steps are being taken to reduce the risk of such fires, by reducing the amounts of organic waste being landfilled and through guidance on how to prevent and fight fires.

UK Section 5 of NIP is dedicated to current and ongoing measures as regards unintentional POP releases. This chapter comprises inventories of dioxins, PCBs and HCB to air and to land and water compartments, concentrations of dioxins in food and human exposure to dioxins, PCBs and HCB. Including occupational exposure. The effectiveness of the current legislative approach is assessed as being satisfactory taking in mind the constant reduction of monitored POPs. (p. 43)

The following key activities will be taken: (a) Update UK source inventories of dioxins, PCBs and HCB emissions to land and water; (b) Improvement of source inventories for dioxin, PCBs and HCB emissions to air including the improvement of inventory for diffuse sources, the review of the hexachlorobenzene inventory and the development of a multimedia emissions inventory for dioxins, PCBs and HCB.

Within these key activities, Update source inventories of dioxin, PCB and HCB emissions to land and water

Improvement of inventory for diffuse sources including reducing uncertainty of estimates

Review of HCB inventory

Scottish Review of Source inventories

Review of emission factors for the non-ferrous metal sector

Development of multimedia emissions inventory for dioxins, PCBs and HC

Review of permitted levels in food and animal feed

Monitoring of food and animal feed FSA On-going Consumer advice and actions on exceedences of regulatory limits

Research programme on dietary intakes including POPs

Research on the development of UK and regional models on persistent organic pollutants in all media Reduction of dioxin emissions from UK sinter plants

Public awareness campaign aimed at reducing emissions from diffuse sources: domestic burning of household or garden waste.

Table 1-21: Overview on specific actions contained in action plans for unintentionally produced POPs (source: NIPs)

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Member State Action plans for reduction of unintentional releases according to Article 15 reports

Belgium In Wallonia legal acts in place since 1992, integrated permitting and application of BAT as major targets; in Flanders a new Environment Policy Plan (2003-2007) has been approved. It includes a hazard substances strategy and provides the implementation of a dioxin reduction programme

Czech Republic Yes, as part of the NIP and in part already prior to NIP

Cyprus The action plan is under development as part of the NIP

France No; actions guided by „reglemenation sur les installations classes pour la protection de lénvironnement“ ; emission inventory in place but without projection of future emissions

Germany Shall be published in April 2007; will be part of a regional and subregional plan

Netherlands No; due to a permanent effort since 1990 with achieved 95% reduction of overall emissions; see NIP

Table 1-22: Summary on existence of action plans for reduction of unintentional releases according to Article 15 reports

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1.4.3 Measures to identify sources – Belgium

Belgium Wallonia:

The "arrêté du Gouvernement wallon" of the 25 March 1999 on the disposal of

polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated terphenyls (PCB/PCT) (referring to the Council

Directive 96/59/EC) published on the 22 May 1999 and entered into force at the same time

requests each owner of PCB/PCT (> 50 ppm) or of equipment containing more than 1 dm³ of

PCB/PCT (> 50 ppm) to declare it to the authority before the 21 November 2000. Those

PCB/PCT and equipments had to be decontaminated or disposed before 2006. In some

cases, it was possible to give derogation until the 31 December 2010 at the latest. Such

derogations cannot be granted if the equipment is located in some areas such as schools,

hospitals, hotels, .Measures were already developed in 1992 (the waste legislation,

particularly the hazardous waste legislation ("arrêté du gouvernement wallon" of the 9 April

1992).

Belgium Flanders:

PCB‟s: 1986: National legislation restricting production and trade; 1996: European legislation

restricting use; 2000: Regional implementation of EC-Directive, 17/03/2000:phase-out plan

for PCB-containing equipment. According to the phase-out plan all reported and non-

reported PCB containing equipment had to be destroyed before the end of 2005. Phase-out

was stricter for non reported equipment: these had to be destroyed immediately; reported

equipment could be destroyed according to the contruction date sooner or later before

31.12.2005, or could get an exception, not later than 31.12.2010.

Belgium-Brussels-Capital Region:

PCB: Arrêté du 19/09/1991 de l'Exécutif de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale réglant

l'élimination des PCB (MB. 13/11/1991). Arrêté du 04/03/1999 du Gouvernement de la

Région de Bruxelles-Capitale relatif à la planification et à l'élimination des

polychlorobiphényles (PCB) et des polychloroterphényles (PCT) (MB. 04/08/1999). Arrêté

ministériel du 20/12/1999 établissant un plan régional d'élimination et de décontamination

des PCB/PCT (MB. 31/12/1999). Arrêté du 18/07/2002 du Gouvernement de la Région de

Bruxelles-Capitale instaurant une obligation de reprise de certains déchets en vue de leur

valorisation ou de leur élimination (MB. 27/09/2002).

PCDD/PCDF, HCB:

- Arrêté du 15/05/1997 du Gouvernement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale fixant des

conditions d'exploitation pour les incinérateurs de déchets dangereux (MB

06/06/1997).

- Arrêté du 28/05/1998 du Gouvernement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale

modifiant l'arrêté de l'Exécutif de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale du 31 mai 1991

concernant la réduction de la pollution atmosphérique en provenance des

installations existantes d'incinération des déchets ménagers (MB. 16/06/1998).




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installations existantes d'incinération de déchets ménagers (MB. 28/10/1999).




installations existantes d'incinération de déchets ménagers (MB. 22/12/2000).


instaurant une obligation de reprise de certains déchets en vue de leur valorisation ou

de leur élimination (MB. 27/09/2002).

- Arrêté du 21/11/2002 du Gouvernement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale relatif à

l'incinération des déchets (MB. 20/02/2003).


modifiant l'annexe II de l'arrêté du Gouvernement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale

du 18 avril 2002 concernant la mise en décharge des déchets (MB. 18/12/2003)

HAP : Réduction des rejets de HAP dans l‟eau par l‟Arrêté ministériel du 18 mars

2005.

Plan du 09/07/1998 de la prévention et à la gestion des déchets en Région de

Bruxelles-Capitale - Le plan 1998-2002 (MB. 02/02/2000). Plan 2003-2007 (MB.

17/06/2004).

1.4.4 Measures to identify sources – Ireland

The EMEP/CORINAIR methodology and the „UNEP Standardized Toolkit have been used in

the compilation of the emission inventories.

Ireland does not have a history of heavy industry, and in recent years some of our largest

industrial sites have closed down such as Irish Steel in Cork and Irish Fertilisers Industry (IFI)

in Wicklow.

While Ireland currently has no commercial municipal or hazardous waste incinerators, there

are projects at varying stages within the planning and licensing processes.

Measures developed by Ireland to identify sources of substances listed in Annex III include:

a) European Pollution Emissions Register / E-PRTR

b) PCB Inventory: The EPA is currently updating its National PCB inventory.

c) Dioxin and Furan Inventory: The EPA, in 2002, undertook a study „Inventory of Dioxin and

Furan Emissions to Air, Land and Water in Ireland for 2000 and 2010‟.

http://www.epa.ie/downloads/pubs/research/air/epa_ertdi_dioxin_emissions%20_ertdi3_synt

hesis.pdf

d) POPs Inventories Project 1995 to 2005 and 1990: The EPA is currently working on a

project for inventories to air, land and water for Annex III substances for the years 1995 to

2005 inclusive and the year 1990.

e) Code of Practice for Unregulated Waste Disposal Sites: The Code of Practice sets out a

risk based assessment procedure to be applied to historic unregulated waste disposal sites

and sites at which waste disposal activities, being activities that to a significant extent

involved hazardous waste, have been carried on.

http://www.epa.ie/whatwedo/enforce/pa/wasteenforcement/cop/

f) National Hazardous Waste Management Plan: The proposed National Hazardous Waste

Management Plan 2008 to 2012 was published for public consultation in November 2007.

This is the second National Hazardous Waste Management Plan to be issued, the first plan

being published in 2001. http://www.epa.ie/downloads/pubs/waste/haz/nhwmp2001/ This

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proposed second plan is open for consultation until the 31st of January 2008. The POPs

waste stream in particular PCBs are discussed within the plan. The proposed plan can be

downloaded from the following weblink;

http://www.epa.ie/downloads/pubs/waste/haz/name,23670,en.html

1.4.5 Measures to identify sources – Slovenia

When preparing the inventory in Slovenia the National Emission Inventory (NEI) for

calculation and reporting emissions was established. This inventory (NEI) enables the

calculation of the emission data (release data) for the four main pollutants, heavy metals,

particulate matter and POPs according to the EMEP/CORINAIR methodology. NEI has been

prepared on the basis with the INSTRUCTION for organizing the emission inventory of

sources of air pollution (OJ of SRS No. 12-20, IV 1979). NEI is a subject of continuous

development.

• The major sources of activity data are the Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia and

the Ministry of Environment and Spatial Planning; however, the Environmental Agency

obtains much of its data through other activities, which are performed under the

Environmental Protection Act.

• Emission factors (default versions), which are used for the calculation are published in

different manuals (CORINAIR Inventory, Default Emission Factors Handbook, Jan. 1992, EU

EMEP/CORINAIR Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook, Feb. 1996, etc.)

The Republic of Slovenia, as a party to the Convention, is obligated to perform annual

emission inventories and to report them.

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1.4.6 Measures to minimise sources - France

Dans le domaine de l‟incinération des déchets, des efforts sont entrepris depuis le début des

années 90 afin de réduire les émissions des dioxines et des furannes.

Deux directives européennes de 1989 fixent des exigences en matière d‟incinération des

déchets municipaux et réglementent les usines d‟incinération d‟ordures ménagères. Ces

directives sont transposées en droit français via l‟arrêté du 25 janvier 1991. Il fixe les

conditions de combustion à respecter notamment en ce qui concerne les émissions de

dioxine (porter à 850°C pendant 2 s les gaz issus de la combustion des déchets) sans pour

autant imposer de valeur limite à l‟émission. Ces contraintes s‟appliquent à l‟ensemble du

parc des incinérateurs d‟ordures ménagères depuis décembre 2000. La directive

européenne du 16 décembre 1994 sur l‟incinération des déchets dangereux est transposée

en droit français par l‟arrêté du 10 octobre 1996. Cet arrêté fixe un cadre réglementaire plus

complet pour les installations d‟incinération de déchets industriels spéciaux avec notamment

une valeur limite de 0,1 ng TEQ.m-3 pour les émissions de dioxines. Afin de limiter les

émissions de dioxines, la circulaire du 24 février 1997 a demandé aux préfets de retenir les

valeurs limites à l‟émission de l‟arrêté du 10 octobre 1996 pour toute nouvelle usine

d‟incinération d‟ordures ménagères. Cette disposition est reprise par la directive européenne

du 4 décembre 2000 sur l‟incinération de déchets, qui généralise à toute installation

d‟incinération de déchets le respect de la valeur limite de 0,1 ng TEQ.m-3 pour les émissions

de dioxines. Deux arrêtés, signés le 20 septembre 2002, transposent ce texte en droit

français : un arrêté relatif aux installations d‟incinération et de co-incinération de déchets non

dangereux et aux installations incinérant des déchets d‟activités de soins à risques infectieux

et un arrêté relatif aux installations d‟incinération et de co-incinération de déchets dangereux.

Ces textes remplacent, à l‟horizon 2005, l‟arrêté du 25 janvier 1991 et l‟arrêté du 10 octobre

1996.

Par ailleurs la réduction des émissions de dioxines figure dans le Plan National Santé-

Environnement (PNSE), présenté en 2004, sous la thématique prioritaire « prévenir les

cancers en relation avec des expositions environnementales ». L‟action 7 de ce plan,

intitulée « Réduire les émissions aériennes de substances toxiques d‟origine industrielle»

fixe de nouveaux objectifs. A l‟horizon 2010, une diminution des émissions dans l'air de 85%

pour les dioxines est visée par rapport à l‟année 2000, prise comme référence. Au niveau

national, des objectifs de réduction des émissions sont fixés et sont déclinés en mesures à

mettre en oeuvre dans chacun des secteurs industriels concernés en tenant compte des

actions de réduction de ces émissions déjà engagées. Les secteurs industriels concernés

sont les principaux émetteurs de ces substances dans l'air : l‟incinération d'ordures

ménagères, les chaînes d'agglomération de minerais de fer, la production d'acier (filière

électrique), la production d‟aluminium (seconde fusion), les fonderies de fonte (avec cubilot).

Ce programme de réduction des émissions est mis en oeuvre au travers de la législation

relative aux installations classées. La mise en oeuvre de ce programme sera déclinée au

niveau de chacune des installations visées par cette action.

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1.4.7 Measures to minimise sources – Germany

a) Implemented measures on the Basis for national legislation:

Measures in relation to Annex III of Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 are implemented on a legal

basis and is explained below:

European legislation

Basis for implemented national legislation is the European legislation with EC Directive of 24

September 1996 Concerning Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC Directive)

regulates the licensing of industrial installations that are particularly relevant to the

environment on the basis of a cross-media concept. Under this approach, emissions to air,

water and land, along with waste management aspects, issues of waste management,

resource and energy efficiency and the prevention of accidents are addressed. A key

element of the Directive is the requirement that the “Best Available Techniques” (BAT) be

used in all new installations and, from 2007 at the latest, also in all existing installations.

For those installations covered by the IPPC Directive, this means that the requirement to use

the best available emission reduction techniques for chemicals listed in Annex III of

Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 has been fulfilled. As a result of Commission Decision

2000/479/EC based on Article 15 of the IPPC Directive, a Pollutant Emission Register

(EPER) [http://eper.de/; http://www.eper.cec.eu.int/] was established at European level for

large stationary sources. It includes obligations to report annual emissions of PCDDs/PCDFs

(1g TEQ/a) and HCH (50 kg/a) in water, soil and air, al-though only above certain specified

thresholds (in brackets). When the register is upgraded to become the Pollutant Release and

Transfer Register (PRTR), it will also include PCBs (100 g/a).

National legislation:

The centrepiece of national legislation is the Federal Immission Control Act (BImSchG)

which regulates environmental quality. Its provisions apply to the construction and operation

of installations and to the manufacture, placing on the market and import of installations,

fuels and other relevant substances. The section of the Act concerning authorisation of

installations complies with Community law. A number of Administrative Regulations were

issued on the basis of Article 48 of the Federal Immission Control Act. They contain

threshold values, amongst other things, for PCDDs/PCDFs that must on no account be

exceeded and emission values that can be feasibly adhered to using best available

technology.

Emissions to air:

The requirement that the best available techniques be used has been implemented in the

individual Immission Control Ordinances and in the Technical Instructions on Air Quality Con-

trol (TA Luft) which stipulate limit values for maximum concentrations in atmospheric emis-

sions from certain installations:

• First Ordinance implementing the Federal Immission Control Act

In Germany, combustion installations that do not require a license under Article 4 of the

Federal Immission Control Act are subject to the provisions of the Ordinance on Small- and

Medium Scale Combustion Plants. It does not stipulate limit values for Annex III of

Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 substances. However, requirements concerning the quality of

fuels, along with regular monitoring of emissions with a view to optimising combustion

conditions, are designed to achieve a general reduction in the emission of pollutants. It can

therefore be assumed that emissions of Annex III of Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 chemicals

will be reduced.

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• Fourth Ordinance implementing the Federal Immission Control Act

Certain installations are subject to official licensing. The licenses are based on emission-

restricting requirements to maintain air quality on the basis of the best available technology

as defined in more detail in the Ordinances or the Technical Instructions on Air Quality

Control.

• Thirteenth Ordinance implementing the Federal Immission Control Act

This Ordinance regulating large combustion plant and gas turbines (13th BImSchV) sets the

limit value for PCDDs/PCDFs at 0.1 ng TEQ/m³.

• Seventeenth Ordinance implementing the Federal Immission Control Act

This Ordinance specifies requirements relating to the construction, type, and operation of

waste incinerators or co-incinerators. It stipulates that PCDD/PCDF concentrations in the

exhaust stream of incinerators may not exceed an emissions limit value of 0.1 ng TEQ/m³.

Emission limit values for incinerators burning solid municipal waste are also 0.1 ng TEQ/m³.

• Nineteenth Ordinance implementing the Federal Immission Control Act

This regulation prohibits the use of chlorinated and brominated compounds as fuel additives.

• Twenty-seventh Ordinance implementing the Federal Immission Control Act

Article 4, in conjunction with Annex 2, specifies an emission limit value for PCDDs/PCDFs of

0.1 ng TEQ/m3 for crematoria.

In general, the requirements of the “Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control” must be

observed when licensing installations under the Federal Immission Control Act. This

specifies as a minimum requirement that the mass concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs in

atmospheric emissions also be 0.1 ng/m³ and the mass flow 0.25 μg/h. For other substances

that are particularly harmful to the environment, such as polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins

and dibenzo-furans or polyhalogenated biphenyls, emissions must be restricted under the

general requirement to reduce emissions.

Any existing installations that did not comply with the requirements applicable to new

installations with regard to best available technology, set out in the “Technical Instructions on

Air Quality Control” as amended in 2002, had to be retrofitted as a rule by 30 October 2007.

Emissions to water:

Requirements relating to the discharge of effluent into water bodies are set out in permits

and licenses granted under water law, as defined in Article 2 ff. of the Federal Water Act

(WHG). All these requirements are based on the use of the best available technology as a

minimum to avoid and reduce emissions or on the corresponding BAT as defined in the IPPC

Directive. The IPPC Directive is implemented in secondary legislation at state level.

b) Further measures as element of the national Action Plan:

Further action was identified referring stationary sources and a minor source, the smoke

munitions for training purposes by the military:

i) Stationary source sector

According to that significant emission reductions could be reached by the further

implementation of control measures in sintering plants and residential combustion facilities,

accidential fires and open burning. The main emission sources for PCDD/PCDF of the

industrial sectors are obliged to reduce emissions by the Federal Immission Control Act

(BImSchG) [see also references to the corresponding part of this chapter outlining national

legislation] and its corresponding regulations as well as the Technical Instructions on Air

Quality (TA-Luft) by means of limit values. Except for sintering plants of the metal industry

these limiting values correspond to the achievable concentrations reached by the application

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of the best available technique (BAT). Sintering plants have to achieve according to the

Technical Instructions on Air Quality emission concentrations of 0.4 ng/m3 by the end of

October 2007. Further efforts should aim for further reductions down to 0.1 ng/m3. As only

some of the installations have fulfilled that requirement, further action is needed. There are

no emission limit values for POPs- emissions of small scale residential combustion yet. With

the planned amendment of the First Ordinance on the Federal Emission Control Act (1.

BImSchV) POPs emission reductions are expected by the lowering of the minimum

capacities to comply with emission limits and the reduction of emission thresholds for CO

and dust which correlate to a certain extent with POPs emissions. For awareness raising and

to promote proper operation of relevant sources with regard to the reduction of emissions

from residential combustion facilities there exist governmental support programs. Subsidies

are available for the purchase of low-emission facilities and eco-labels given to low-emission

facilities should promote their distribution. Public information programs on the appropriate

operation of combustion installations and a continuous maintenance programme will

contribute to emission reductions. Main source categories of open burning are the accidental

fires of industrial plants and the illegal waste combustion. Emission reduction measures for

this source category can only be achieved by fire prevention measures as well as further

ecological awareness raising of the population.

ii) Smoke munitions for training purposes by the military

A minor source of PCDD/F emissions is the use of smoke munitions for training purposes by

the military is, at least in Germany, a relevant source of POPs created unintentionally. While

the formation of PCDDs/PCDFs was ascertained to be < 50 mg/a in 2003, the quantity of

HCH released annually was almost 1,500 kg. The departments responsible within the

Federal Ministry of Defence (BMVg) have developed an action plan for phasing out the use

of smoke munitions which when fired cause PCDDs/ PCDFs and HCB to be formed. For

munitions shot from tank howitzers, substitute materials are already available that from

2011will completely replace the old smoke munitions. In the case of mortar munitions, phase-

out is only possible in the medium term, since the introduction of substitute munitions is not

scheduled to start until 2008. Nevertheless, the goal of continuous reduction in consumption

figures has been set, with a reduction of 1/3 in 2006, followed by continuing reduction until

complete replacement is achieved once substitute materials have been received. The

strategy will be completely implemented by 2014.

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1.4.8 Measures to minimise sources Ireland

EPA Licensing

The EPA licences over 600 industries through IPPC and over 200 waste facilities through our

waste licensing process. These operations are operated to BAT compliance and have

monitoring requirements imposed as part of their licences. Regular audits are undertaken by

the EPA‟s Office of Environmental Enforcement and monitoring is also undertaken to ensure

compliance with their licence conditions. To see more information on the EPA licensing

process. http://www.epa.ie/whatwedo/licensing/

Best Available Techniques

The IPPC Directive 96/61/EC has been incorporated into Irish law by the Protection of the

Environment Act 2003. To meet the requirements the Environmental Protection Agency Act

1992 and the Waste Management Acts 1996-2007 have been amended.Thus, for activities

falling within the scope of the Directive and regulated by these Acts, BAT must be applied.

The EPA has developed BAT guidance notes for various industrial sectors. Where relevant,

POPs emissions such as dioxins are detailed in order to ensure BAT compliance and

minimise the emissions from the relevant sector. http://www.epa.ie/downloads/advice/bat/

Race Against Waste campaign

The Department of the Environment, Heritage & Local Government‟s campaign to raise

awareness of waste issues and change behaviour among people at home and at work in

order to reduce the amount of waste being produced and increase recycling and composting,

ran during this reporting period.The campaign involved high profile media release on

television, radio and newspapers. Backyard burning was also covered.

http://www.raceagainstwaste.ie/ and http://www.raceagainstwaste.ie/learn/backyard_burning/

EPA media campaign on backyard burning and illegal waste collection

The EPA‟s Office of Environmental Enforcement (OEE) ran two high profile media

campaigns in 2005 and 2006 regarding illegal backyard burning/dioxin releases and illegal

waste collection. See media posters under Section VI below. Advertisements were placed in

23 regional newspapers. Also, radio adverts were placed on 15 local stations. In the summer

of 2007 summer the EPA ran amalgamated advertisements for backyard burning and illegal

waste collection.

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1.4.9 Measures to minimise sources Poland

In 2002 an “Inventory of Dioxin and Furan Releases in Poland” has been carried out within

the framework of the Polish-Danish cooperation programme

(http://www.mos.gov.pl/2strony_tematyczne/ochrona_powietrza/konwencje_ekologiczne/kon

wencja_sztokholmska/Dioxin_Inventory_Report_for_Poland.pdf), which includes, inter alia,

emission reduction measures divided into those reducing the actual generation of dioxins

and furans and to those determining reduction of their releases into the environment..

The “National Implementation Plan for the Stockholm Convention”, which has been

developed for Poland, includes 11 measures aiming at the reduction of persistent organic

pollutant emissions from both the industrial and the municipal sector. The municipal sector

covering households (dwellings) constitutes the main source of dioxin and furan emissions

into the air, estimated at around 37% of the national emission level for these pollutants.

Among measures taken following the Plan is the Polish-Danish project on the “Reduction of

Dioxin Emission from the Metallurgical Sector in Poland”, which enabled:

• taking measurements of the real emissions of PCDD/PCDF, PCBs, HCB and selected

metals at 20 installations at industries producing: aluminium, zinc, copper, steel, castings

from cast steel and cast iron, sinters of iron ore;

• carrying out of the national inventory of dioxin emissions for 2002 from the ferrous and non-

ferrous metal production performed with the use of verified emission factors, as

recommended by UNEP Chemicals;

• formulating recommendations regarding primary and secondary production methods for

certain installations taking due account of economically efficient activities and capital

investments aimed at the reduction of emissions in Poland from the industry sector in

question.

Furthermore:

• Legal regulations have been introduced on integrated pollution prevention and control

(IPPC); dioxin and furan emission standards have been approved for installations used for

waste incineration and co-incineration; the use of best available techniques (BAT) has been

recommended, in particular in processes carried out in installations that lead to POPs

releases;

• In the previous years the industry, including the metallurgical sector, has undergone

restructuring by eliminating the majority of blast furnaces and complete elimination by 2003

of open-hearth furnaces as the major processes used earlier in steel production;

• More effective air pollution control systems (APCS) are being implemented, for instance, in

copper, zinc and lead metallurgy substantial emission reductions have been achieved by

processing flue gases for the production of sulphuric acid;

• Successive modernisation of combustion processes is being carried out, especially in

individual household furnaces or stoves, along with the improvement of flue gas cleaning

from coal-fired boilers and the construction of small highly efficient boilers fired with oil or

gas;

• Measures are taken to implement the programme on the reduction of the so-called “low

emission sources”, whose environmental effects also cover POPs emission reduction.

These measures include:

- the development of central heating systems to eliminate individual furnaces or stoves in

densely populated areas,

- modernisation of heating systems fired with coal and biomass,

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- a progressive change in the fuel structure, leading to the use of fuels that are

environmentally less harmful, and aiming at the elimination of low-quality hard coal used in

combustion processes in individual households,

- public education related to threats and hazards resulting from the use of low-performance

furnaces and boilers as well as to those associated with the burning of certain types of

wastes other than those permitted by relevant legislation.

In relation to the reduction of PAH emissions, formed unintentionally during fuel combustion

processes carried out under oxygen deficiency, the following measures were taken:

- elimination of many usually small outdated coke production plants at steel works;

- changes introduced in the aluminium production technology using the Soederberg process,

- modernization of the technology for producing coal electrodes,

- closing down of one of the two aluminium production plants,

- in-depth changes in the quality of fuels for high-compression engines,

- introduction of an IPPC system based on best available techniques (BAT),

- currently implemented programme on the reduction of the so-called “low emission”,

- further up-grading of the quality of fuels used in high-compression engines (Diesel

engines).

Data presented in the table below demonstrate the effectiveness of measures taken in

Poland in reducing PCDD/PCDF, HCB and PAH emissions.

Substance* Unit Emission in 1988 Emission in 2005

PCDD/PCDF (g TEQ) 1988: 986.3, 2005: 416.4

HCB (kg) 1988: 56.0, 2005: 8.9

PAH (Mg) 1988: 275.6, 2005: 165.3

* data submitted by Poland to EMEP

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1.4.10 Measures to minimise sources Slovenia

The Environment Protection Act (OJ RS, No. 41/2004, 17/2006, 20/2006) requires that all

major stationary sources have to apply for an integrated environmental permit (for larger so

called IPPC installations and for smaller installations). This applies to both existing and new

installations. For the existing industrial installations permits are in preparation; the emission

reduction requirements in permits are based on BAT, as defined in the BREF documents of

the European IPPC Bureau in Sevilla.

PCB in existing products, when taken out of use, is considered in Slovenian legislation as

hazardous waste and has to be treated accordingly, in line with the EU legislation and the

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and

their Disposal.

Production of electrical equipment containing PCB terminated in January 1985. A study “A

Concept of Handling the PCB/PCT in Slovenia” was made in 1999. The Ministry for

Environment and Spatial Planning also defined the measures on how to eliminate electrical

equipment (capacitors or transformers) contaminated with PCB from 2003 to 2006. Electrical

equipment containing PCB has to be re-registered to the Ministry of the Environment and

Spatial Planning (competent authority). The following data have to be reported: location and

amount of the PCB equipment in kg (it comprises the amount of PCB substance and the

overall contaminated parts of the equipment), the planned (estimated) date of the disposal of

the PCB equipment, type of the PCB equipment (whether it is a transformer, capacitor or

waste oil containing PCB) and the name of the owner (legal person) responsible for the PCB

equipment and its disposal.

It is also obligatory for the proprietors / owners of the PCB equipment to report to the

competent authority, whether, when and how the PCB equipment was disposed and where it

was sent as a shipment of hazardous waste.

Slovenia has taken all necessary measures to ensure that all PCB/PCT containing material

in the environment will be disposed until 2010. Based on the Directive 96/59/EC on the

disposal of polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated terphenyls (PCB/PCT), the two

legislative documents were adopted and implemented in Slovenia:

- the Rules on the Disposal of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polychlorinated Terphenyls (OJ

RS, No. 15/00, 54/02, 18/03), and

- Operational programme concerning management of PCB and PCT for the period 2003 –

2006 (adopted by the Government in 2003).

The Action plan of reduction and minimization of releases of PAH, PCDD/F and HCB is

already in procedure of governmental improvement.

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1.4.11 Measures to promote development of substitutes

Member State Measures to promote development of substitutes and alternative processes according to NIPs

Bulgaria Research (p. 159), no further information

Cyprus According to the provisions of article 5(d) of the Convention and the National Control of Atmospheric Pollution Law of 2002 and of the Integrated Prevention and Pollution Control Laws of 2003 and 2006, new processes (especially for the incineration of waste) have to apply the Best Available Techniques (BAT) for the limitation of the emissions of Persistent Organic Pollutants.

The application of BAT and / or best environmental practices is also required for all processes from which POPs may be emitted.

As a priority the operation of small incinerators that cannot operate continuously will be limited since their emissions of POPs are high due to the frequent start-up and shut-down procedures. As an alternative the installation of a central incinerator for various types of waste operating on a continuous basis will be promoted. As far as the disposal of clinical waste is concerned the sterilization method currently used will continue since it is satisfactory

Denmark Substitution of dangerous chemicals is generally an aim of the 2005 Government plan on chemicals covering the time frame 2006-2009

Finland General obligation under EU POP Regulation, special obligations for POPs under PARCOM agreement

Germany Information on substitutes is given for Annex C for substances used in the field of military defense (p. 38)

Spain Description of substitutes for HCH (lindane), PCB, DDT and PAH; for all substances substitutes or alternative processes exist;

Alternative processes which reduce releases are available for pulp and paper industry, solvents, pesticides, textile, leather

Develop methodologies and criteria for substitution of POPs and POP generating processes; establish inventory on uses in Europe, request substitution of precursors,

Request substitution of current permitted uses whenever possible

Sweden SE Environmental Code foresees the Product Choice (aka Substitution) Principle meaning that everybody who is to take a measure must avoid using or selling chemical products (including pesticides) that can harm human health or the environment, if these may be replaced with such products or organisms that may be assumed to be less hazardous. Corresponding requirements apply as regards goods containing or which have been treated with a chemical product.

UK Substitution is promoted within National Action Plan on Dioxins (p. 24)

Table 1-23: Summary on measures to promote development of substitutes and alternative processes according to NIPs

1.4.12 Strategies to identify contaminated sites

Member State Strategies to identify and actions concerning contaminated sites according to NIPs

Bulgaria Development of plan for identifying and remediation of contaminated sites (p. 21). No further information.

Cyprus In 1986, a quantity of transformer fluids (Askarel) was disposed of in an uncontrolled manner in the area of Kato Polemidia in Limassol. The Geological Survey Department arranged for the burial of the contaminated soil in specially constructed leak – proof cells which were also fenced.

The quantities of contaminated soil in the two cells are estimated at 30000 cubic meters and the contamination from PCBs varies from several mg/kg to a

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few hundreds of mg/kg. The total quantity of PCBs in the soil is estimated between 50 and 100 tonnes.

Between 2000 and 2003 the Geological Survey Department re-evaluated the area of the burial of the contaminated soil in co-operation with a Swedish Organisation. From the investigation no leaks were found. Within the framework of this investigation a system for the monitoring of the area was installed. Five of the boreholes are used for observation purposes. From these boreholes, water and soil samples are taken two times per year for monitoring of PCBs. From this investigation no leak to the surrounding environment was detected.

Finland An extensive study on possibly contaminated sites in Finland was carried out in the 1990s. The concentrations of aldrin, chlordane, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, and HCB in contaminated sites have been low, usually only slightly above the limits used to determine contamination. Dioxins, furans, and PCB have been detected on the premises of several different industrial sectors. Dioxins and furans occur most commonly in soils and sediments near sawmills that have used chlorophenols as wood preservatives, as well as in inland waters downstream from such facilities. The soil concentrations of these POPs are also generally low, and only very rarely exceed the limits set for hazardous wastes. National legislation on the assessment of soil contamination and treatment needs is under preparation during 2006, also including guideline limits to be used in assessments. Except for the data on PCDD/F inputs from the Kymi River into the Baltic Sea no data are available on releases from contaminated soils or sediments. It is planned to improve the assessment of contaminated sites with regard to POPs, so that the relevant sites can be identified and the necessary risk management measures can be initiated. (p. 20)

France No action taken with regard to the identification of POPs contaminated sites so far (p. 19).

Germany The states keep registers of contaminated sites in their area of jurisdiction covering > 90% of such sites. As a rule they give information about all previous uses of the sites, the type of technology used and contamination typical of the industry in question. (p. 23)

Latvia Action Plan 5 – “Identification and Management of POPs Polluted Sites” comprises four steps to be taken: Conduct planned assessments of POPs polluted sites; Develop the State Program for the management of POPs polluted sites; Ensure a recording system for POPs generating contaminants; and Optimize the monitoring of POPs polluted sites. This four-step concept is intended to be finalized by 2011. (p. 68)

Lithuania Action plan No. 5 “Assessment and management of sites polluted with POPs” consists of developing, presenting for approval of the Government of Republic of Lithuania and of implementing the management programme of pesticide waste storage sites and sites polluted with pesticide waste until 2012. This shall be enabled by a thorough inventory of the existing and former pesticide storage sites performed by the Lithuanian Geological Survey (p. 60)

Netherlands There is no information available on actual known cases of serious soil pollution at the moment. Sites with POPs are not designated as such. A check will be made to establish whether this information can be extracted from the „Landsdekkend Beeld’ [Nationwide Picture] dataset for the next implementation plan. If this is not possible, an inventory of POP polluted sites will have to be produced by the various competent authorities in order to make the information available. The remediation of POP-polluted sites is being tackled on the basis of the Dutch soil policy set out in the Soil Protection Act. The environmental quality targets formulated for some of the POPs (drins, HCB) in the current version of the daughter directive of the Water Framework Directive will not be achieved by 2015. It is necessary to map out the sources of these substances and their routes into the surface water and formulate measures if possible. Some of these measures will consist of prioritising the actions to be taken and tracking developments regarding these substances. For diffuse sources and substances to which transboundary transport is relevant, we will be asking the European Commission to introduce European measures. Examples of these are special regulations (at EU level and broader) for collecting PCB-containing items, cleaning up PCB-containing materials and processing PCB-containing waste. In our existing water quality, policy measures will be put in place for contaminated soil and sediments (where there is demonstrable subsequent supply into the environment).

Romania Contaminated sites are inventoried and measures are taken in order to eliminate the influence of these sites on ground waters and surface waters within the framework of Programme of measures for implementation of Water Framework Directive (Directive 2000 / 60 / EC). At present, the treatment of contaminated sites is not thought to be solved in short term by the authorities, due to the following reasons:

- high costs of decontamination;

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- lack of technologies;

- not too much need of land.

Slovakia It is necessary to concentrate to the most spread contaminant – PCBs – on POPs polluted areas (the highest amount of reliable data, identified sites – appearance areas, most important impact to biota and human body). Based on the recent data the highest emphasis should be concentrated to PCB production facilities in Chemko Stráţske (including surrounding areas), the waste channel from PCB production, close Laborec river including the channel, the former asphalt coating facilities on the whole SR territory. The finished stage of inventory of POPs-polluted areas has been affected by previously unsystematic collection of relevant data.

The data obtained from until now realised projects in these areas lead to useful conclusions with respect to assessment of the rate of pollution of these areas. As there is insufficient relevant data on scope of pollution in individual areas, there are some uncertainties in quantification and further steps necessary for their remediation. According to the extent of polluted areas (68 asphalt mixing plants and larger area of Stráţske) and estimated cost of exploration, there are following problems: a. strategy of realisation of the exploration activities b. exploration methodology c. unified analytical methodology of PCB detection in the matrix d. securing of exploration capacities e. co-operation with local specialised self-government f. execution of exploration activities g. monitoring of areas with identified PCB presence

Spain Investigations are ongoing in the different autonomous regions; unsufficient data for evaluation reported so far from Catalonia and Andalucia;

Entering into force of Decret 9/2005 which request activities for identification, establishment of criteria and standards for declaration as contaminated soil will improve significantly the situation

Known sites are: the production ´site of IHOBE in the Vascian Region (48 hot spots of which 41 remediated); the dam of Flix (Tarragona) with DDT and PCB contamination to be examined prior to remediation; lindane production site in Huesca (100.000 t of residuos in 5 hot spots and dispersed in soil and water) with ongoing remediation activities at part of the sites

Sweden Identification almost complete; Investigation and if needed remediation of all sites posing acute risk at direct exposure or threat to water supply and valuable nature areas.by 2010; problems as a whole shall be solved by 2050; Regional remediation programmes to be submitted each year, based on list with 30 priority sites/county.

By the end of 2005, 96% (around 78 000) of the estimated total number of contaminated sites had been identified. Sites are assigned to one of four risk classes using a risk classification method known as MIFO (in Swedish, short for Method for Inventories of Contaminated Sites). About 1 500 sites are estimated to be in the highest risk class and 94% of these are identified and have thus been given the highest priority.

Pollutants encountered consist in 30% of Dioxins in 10% of PAHs.

UK I In 2001 the UK Soil and Herbage Survey was carried out to establish a baseline for pollutant levels in soil and herbage across the UK. The pollutants

analysed for included dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs which were measured in urban, rural and industrial sites. Over 200 sites were sampled from across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The results of the survey showed that the concentration of dioxins in UK soil ranges from 0.77–71.56 ng/kg I-TEQ in industrial soils; the corresponding range for dioxin-like PCB in soil was from 0.23–3.56 ng/kg I-TEQ. As shown in figure 4 below, there was a clear distinction between the levels at rural, urban and industrial sites, almost certainly reflecting the presence of significant localised dioxin sources in urban and industrial areas in the last 10–30 years. The concentration of dioxins in UK herbage ranges from 0.24–4.15 ng/kg I-TEQ in industrial herbage; the corresponding range for dioxin-like PCBs was from 0.01–0.38 ng/kg I-TEQ. In contrast to soil levels, the concentration of dioxins in herbage from urban and industrial areas is significantly lower than that from rural sites (figure 4). Because of their persistence, dioxin concentrations in soil may be assumed to reflect inputs over preceding years. Concentrations in herbage more closely reflect current conditions. The results strongly suggest that urban and industrial areas are no longer significant sources of dioxins, and that diffuse sources may now be more important. These results are consistent with emissions estimates data from the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (2004) which indicate that diffuse emission sources are now a dominant source.

The UK Soil and Herbage Survey has shown that there are some significant geographical differences between the levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs

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across the UK. For example, dioxin concentrations in rural and urban soil and herbage are lower in Northern Ireland compared to England, probably reflecting the lower industrial activity in the area. However, despite some geographical differences in total dioxin concentrations, the congener profiles of dioxins are broadly similar across the four countries of the UK, suggesting that source congener profiles are rapidly lost through atmospheric weathering and the mixing of large air masses over the UK.

No information is given on an update of this survey.

Table 1-24: Summary on strategies to identify and actions concerning contaminated sites in NAPs (source: NIPs)

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Member State Strategy to identify contaminated sites according to Article 15 reports

Belgium Included in NIP for Wallonia; specific legislation for Flanders; PCB soil inventory realized in Brussels (2793 m³)

Czech Republic Yes; contaminated sites identified (see NIP); Technical Guidelines for monitoring and remediation Act No. 254/2001

France Yes

Germany Yes; the Federal Soil Protection Act (BBodSchG) provides for measures to protect or restore soil functions. The Federal Soil Protection and Contaminated Sites Ordinance (BBodSchV) translates the spirit of the Act into specific requirements relating to soil protection and remediation of contaminated sites, thus ensuring that the Act is implemented in a uniform way throughout Germany. It also prescribes values for pollutant levels (action, trigger and precautionary values) and requirements to initiate investigations. In cases where remediation is necessary, both decontamination and safeguarding measures and other measures (such as protective and restricting measures) may also be used. The Soil Protection Act gives the states the power to pass supplementary procedural regulations. The states use regional regulations to flesh out the Federal Soil Protection Act. The states keep registers of contaminated sites in their area of jurisdiction covering > 90% of such sites. As a rule they give information about all previous uses of the sites, the type of technology used and contamination typical of the industry in question. It is only possible to establish to what extent POPs were handled or deposited at these sites by using secondary information such as industry catalogues and waste codes. They can make it possible to identify technological hot spots, details about products used and any relevant deposits possibly also acquire quantitative dimensions.

Netherlands Yes

Table 1-25: Strategy to identify contaminated sites according to Article 15 reports

1.4.13 Priority for alternatives in permitting

Member State Priority to alternative processes in permitting according to NIP

Bulgaria The main activity as regards the reduction of unintentional releases is to promote the application of available, feasible and practical measures for a realistic and meaningful level of POPs release reduction or source elimination by including in the requirement of the issued Integrated permits of BAT and BEP for the facilities from energy, metallurgy, chemical and cement industries and domestic solid waste burning plants, where it deems appropriate. (p. 23)

Romania Promotion of alternative processes is globally mentioned as planned action (Priority 2)

Slovakia Research and collaboration planned also with regard to alternative processes (p. 80)

Spain Action plan contains objective to follow approach in accordance with (EC) 850/2004 requirements as concerns BAT, request to life-cycle approach

Sweden Principal of product choice (substitution) in Swedish Environmental Code (major environmental policy tool)

UK Global reference to EU policy, particularly to 6th

EAP with the aim to promote safer alternative technologies

Table 1-26: Overview on priority to alternative processes in permitting according to NIP

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1.4.14 Action plan for intentionally produced POPs

Member State Actions concerning intentionally produced POPs according to NIPs

Bulgaria Enforcing the ban for import and use of POPs pesticides as well as the ban for import and export of PCBs. Obeying the permitted use of PCBs in closed systems – transformers and capacitors. (p 22/23)

Czech Republic Introduce regular checks of agrochemical storage facilities through SPA and CEI inspection with reference to the POPs inventory carried out in 2004. Revise the list of facilities where OCPs were prepared and stored prior to 1989 and carry out the survey on the level of their contamination by POPs.

Elaborate a report on whether, when and how the whole stock of the persistent chlorinated pesticides was irreversibly removed by using the BAT principle, based on the information of the agricultural enterprises and agencies, in the cooperation with the Ministry of Agriculture and MoE. If irreversibly removed sources of the contamination by the OCPs are discovered it will be necessary to prepare a programme of their safe disposal. Decontamination of sites where OCPs were stored must be also incorporated into this program. (p. 68)

Cyprus Decontamination of Transformers detected to contain PCBs with volume more than 5 dm3:

The holder of any transformer detected to contain more

that 5 dm3 of PCBs is obliged to take the following measures:

a) In case of relocation of the transformer, to notify the authorities,

b) to decontaminate the transformer before 31.12.2010

c) before the decontamination the holder of the transformer should:

Label the transformer according to the requirements of the Annex of P.I. 636/2002.

In case of a definite withdrawal of the transformer, in addition, the holder is obliged to inform the Environment Service, prior to the withdrawal.

Decontamination of the transformers the fluids of which may contain between 0.05% and 0.005% by weight of PCBs: According to Article 9.2 of the

Directive 96/59/EC, the holders of transformers which may contain between 0.05% and 0.005% by weight of PCBs are required either to decontaminate them or to dispose them at the end of their useful lives. In Table A (Annex II) a list with all transformers the fluids in which may contain between 0.05% and

0.005% by weight of PCBs is presented.

Transformer Withdrawal

a) Three months prior to the withdrawal, the holder of a transformer that is included in Table A (Annex II), is obliged to inform the Environment Service

about his intention to do so

b) In case a transformer will be shipped for decontamination, the holder is obliged, two working weeks prior to disassembly to:

Take a sample of the fluid contained in the transformer, perform an analysis in an accredited laboratory in order to detect the PCB content of the transformer and submit the results to the Environment Service.

Notify the Environment Service in order to make arrangements for an Inspector to be present during disassembly.

Decontamination of Transformers: The holder of a transformer that will be decontaminated in Cyprus by the removal of the fluid is obliged to:

Notify the Environment Service, at least two working weeks prior to the removal of the fluid, so that an Inspector can be present during this process.

Label the transformer according to the requirements of the Annex of P.I. 636/2002 in case that the transformer will continue to operate. In case that the transformer will be disposed of, this must take place according to the requirements of the Solid and Hazardous Waste Laws of 2002 and 2006.

Decontamination / destruction of capacitors which may contain between 0.05% and 0.005% by weight of PCBs: By the end of the useful life of any

capacitor and three months before its withdrawal, the holder is obliged to inform the Environment Service about his intention to do so. Subsequently he is obliged to:

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Member State Actions concerning intentionally produced POPs according to NIPs

(As for all other cases:)

Notify the Environment Service in order to make arrangements for an Inspector to be present during the disassembly process.

Take a sample of the fluid contained, perform an analysis in an accredited laboratory and submit the results to the Environment Service.

Obtain all necessary permits required for the shipment of the capacitor within 3 weeks from the day is disassembled.

Obtain the services of a person to whom the capacitor will be shipped for decontamination/destruction.

Submit to the Environment Service evidence regarding the commitment of the aforementioned person to decontaminate the capacitor, and also about the relevant permit.

Ensure that the person will issue a valid Certificate confirming that this was done.

Destruction of PCBs: The destruction of PCBs should take place in a licensed facility in a European Union Member State. Relevant facilities and can be

found at the website of the Environment Service:www.chem.unep.ch/pops/

Denmark No further initiatives planned as a result of the low or non-existent occurrences of POP pesticides in foodstuffs, waste products, the environment and the groundwater

Finland FI will work at Community level on the implementation of the Plant Protection Products Directive (91/414/EEC), the Biocide Directive (98/8/EC) and the forthcoming EU Chemicals Regulation to ensure that the production, marketing and use of new chemicals exhibiting POPs characteristics can be effectively prevented.

France Total ban of intentionally produced POPs due to complete enforcement of Community law and additional national legislation (p. 16)

Germany Total ban of intentionally produced POPs due to complete enforcement of Community law and additional national legislation (p. 11-15)

Latvia Enforcement of POPs related legislation

Lithuania Improve enforcement of existing legislation including staff training

Netherlands Information is given for each substance. As pesticides are all banned, no further measure is foreseen. For PCB, all equipment is stated to be phased out.

Romania No measures planned (p. 109)

Slovakia SK has not asked for exemptions to continue use of POPs pesticides. No POP pesticides are in use in SK.

Spain Expand and improve knowledge on historical use and emission; remaining stocks, illegal trade, increased monitoring especially in areas with intensive agriculture; Expand and improve knowledge on emissions, residues and contamination from permitted uses including contaminated sites (extract POP hot spots from list of contaminated sites; establish inventory on contaminated sediments)

Sweden SE has already taken the steps needed under the Convention to prevent the production, import and export and use for the intentional POPs included in the Convention. (p. 77); remaining stockpiles in private households nad small enterprises are targeted by campaigns mounted by farmer‟s organisations and local authorities

UK The pesticides listed in the SC have been banned in the UK for many years. Their use was banned in EU under Council Directive 79/117/EEC which prohibits the placing on the market and the use of plant protection products which could cause harmful effects on human health or the environment. (p. 19)

Table 1-27: Summary on actions concerning intentionally produced POPs as indicated in NIPs

http://www.chem.unep.ch/pops/

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1.4.15 Actions concerning knowledge on priority sources and environmental levels

Member State Actions concerning knowledge on priority sources and environmental levels according to NIPs

Denmark Investigation into wood combusting stoves and small combustion installations; investigations into sources for unintentional production of PCB and HCB

Finland Generally, an aim of the FI NIP is to evaluate current releases of dioxins, furans, PCB, and HCB into water and the air where no assessments are yet available. As regards Dioxins, emissions to soil and water are deemed to be rather uncertain. Precise data on PCB release sources (into the air and water) are the textile industry‟s and possibly also the organic chemical industry, further the amount of PCB in waste flows (notably ash and slag). Regarding HCB, generally few data are available on HCB concentrations, and the data that exist are fairly old (from the end of the 1980s) (p. 18). A particular mentioned pollutant to be further examined is polychlorinated styrene compounds, the potential emission sources of which should be studied in international cooperation

Germany Information that COM intends to identify other sources of dioxins and PCBs as part of the strategy to restrict the occurrence of PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBs in the environment

Latvia Action Plan 8 contains an approach for monitoring of POP sources. Part of this approach is to assess the long range transport of POPs air pollutants and their impact on ecosystems, to evaluate the necessity of regular or periodic POPs monitoring, to integrate PCB analyses into the drinking water monitoring program and to ensure the systematic monitoring of POPs in food products.

Spain Increase monitoring and measurements to establish emission factors for all sectors and to enhance knowledge on environmental levels

Sweden Further research on sources for unintentionally formed POPs including small combustion sources; extended monitoring (sediments more often, PCDD/PCDF in human blood, Deposition extended to HCB and Dioxins

UK UK continues to participate in international assessments of POPs and plays an active role to input into the work of technical committees under both the Stockholm Convention and the UNECE POPs Protocol to assess substances that meet the criteria of a POP. In the next two years Defra will be taking forward further work to develop and use UK and regional models, to support the review of national and international policies and proposals on POPs. (p. 60)

Research in the fields of unintentional releases will cover:

(a) review key dioxin, PCBs and HCB sources of releases to land and water and draw up a comprehensive list for the UK;

(b) review and update existing emission factors for land and water to reflect improved knowledge and sector developments;

(c) outline a methodology for collection of additional information on land and water releases;

(d) estimate releases of HCB to land and water from residues, HCB-contaminated products/substrates, combustion and disposal of HCB-contaminated wastes.

Further, research programmes are planned on dietary intakes.

Table 1-28: Overview on actions concerning knowledge on priority sources and environmental levels as indicated in NIPs

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1.4.16 Actions concerning detection of arising hazards (new POPs)

Member State Actions concerning detection of arising hazards (new POPs) according to NIPs

Czech Republic As part of long term strategy, it is planned to identify new POPs sources (p. 69). No further information on detection of new POPs

Cyprus None specific; New industrial installations before their initial start up operation have to obtain all relevant permits from various Governmental Departments. Existing installations are also controlled and permitted. In case it is found out that any product currently produced or intended to be produced exhibits characteristics of Persistent Organic Pollutants, measures can be taken according to Law N. 42(III)/2004 by which the Stockholm Convention was ratified

Denmark Carrying out regular assessments on new POPs (p. 63); work on new POPs within EU ; focus brominated flame retardants, siloxanes, PFOA, PFOS, PBT, vPVB

Finland FI will participate in the task of expanding the lists of chemicals covered by the international agreements on POPs, through the framework of the SC

France Under the new REACH system, substances with persistent, bio-accumulative and toxic properties (PBT) or very persistent and very bio-accumulative properties (vPvB) will be systematically identified and subjected to an authorisation procedure and will be treated in a adequate manner

Germany As a member of the EU, DE is involved in a number of different forums developing the new chemicals policy (REACH). Under the new REACH system, substances with persistent, bio-accumulative and toxic properties (PBT) or very persistent and very bio-accumulative properties (vPvB) will be systematically identified and subjected to an authorisation procedure. These substances head up the list of suspect chemicals with POPs properties needing to be regulated

Romania NIP considers as action to identify new substances presumed to be POPs. To reach this aim, legal instruments shall be established for inspection, labeling, interdiction of use of new substances that are supposed to be POPs including taxes or fines for not respecting the rules established (p. 106)

Slovakia SK co-operates in assessment of active ingredient trifluraline by having a representative in PBT working group (persistent bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals) under DG ENV. (p. 101)

Spain Ban of POP candidates in the framework of EU and OSPAR activities

Sweden The SE Government commissioned the Swedish Chemicals Inspectorate in 2000 to identify possible POPs candidates, using the criteria in Annex D. After screening several hundred substances the Swedish Chemicals Inspectorate identified 14 substances not yet under the Stockholm Convention for which there is relatively substantial and reliable information that shows them to be POPs candidates. Not counting those substances which have already been proposed for the SC and the POPs protocol, four intentionally produced POPs candidates were remaining: dicofol, endosulfan, hexabromocyclododecane and methoxychlor. These substances are now being evaluated for their PBT properties within the EU, SE being the rapporteur for hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD). The outcome of that evaluation will decide whether they should be put forward as new POPs candidates. (p. 77)

Research in accumulation mechanisms and environmental fate of POP candidates

UK UK, in partnership with the EU and its MS, has nominated six substances to be added to the Stockholm Convention (Chlordecone, Hexabromobiphenyl, Pentachlorobenzene, Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins and Octabromodiphenyl ether) and seven substances (Hexachlorobutadiene, Octabromodiphenyl ether, Pentachlorobenzene, Polychlorinated naphthalenes, Short Chain Chlorinated Paraffins, Pentabromodiphenyl and Perfluorooctane Sulphonate to be added to the UNECE POPs Protocol. In addition the UK continues to survey the environment and food for new POPs substances. Brominated dioxins/furans and brominated biphenyls have been detected and measured in Total Diet Survey and in fish and shellfish. (p. 60)

Table 1-29: Overview on planned actions in NIPs concerning detection of arising hazards (new POPs)

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1.4.17 Actions concerning research and development

Member State Actions concerning research and development according to NIPs

Bulgaria Carrying out representative research investigations on POPs, e.g. on POPs levels of accumulation in risky groups of population, especially women and children in rural areas close to the storages for obsolete pesticides.

Czech Republic Named as long term strategic goal with focus on e.g. New types of pollutants - brominated compounds such as polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs), short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) and others; monitoring of further substances from PAH group exceeding the common recommendations by the US EPA; Study of emissions from the combustion of biomass (p. 70)

Cyprus Currently no competent centers; the aim is to carry out research on the identification of all POPs emission sources and levels. It is also intended to carry out research about the levels of POPs in the various environmental receptors in Cyprus

Denmark Extensive research on occurrences of POPs and their impact on animals and humans. Research on new POPs in artic environment, research on children‟s health on the Faeroe Islands; epidemiological and experimental studies on effects on artic environment.

Deleop methods for screening of endocrine effects; The Danish EPA is studying the degradation of dioxins in the Baltic Sea, aiming at determining the degree to which dioxins accumulated in fish originate from atmospheric depositions, or whether they are due to dioxins being remobilised and released from the seabed.

Finally, the Danish EPA will investigate sources of dioxins in organic farm units.

Finland A project examining means to improve the efficiency of hazardous substance monitoring (Haitallisten aineiden ympäristöseurantojen tehostaminen 2004) stated that the publicly funded monitoring will in the near future increasingly focus on fulfilling Finnish legislation and F inland‟s international obligations (p. 23)

France France participates on POPs research via European networks, but also at national level, the MoE and national authorities are involved in research projects with regard to POPs. A number of research projects is presented in the NIP (p. 22-24)

Germany Besides PCDDs/PCDFs, Annex C of the Stockholm Convention also names PCBs and HCB as unintentionally produced POPs. PCDDs/PCDFs were measured at least at selected installations in various source categories. They are being used in the Secretariat‟s "toolkit" to assess potential sources. Comparable evidence of a qualitative and quantitative nature has still to be found for HCB and PCBs. The requirements of the Convention, particularly with regard to the national emissions inventories, are therefore not currently possible to implement.

A research project has therefore been planned to examine whether the empirical values for PCDDs/PCDFs (emission factors) could be used to deduce industry-specific information (emission factors) for PCBs and HCB. (p. 38)

Latvia Comprehensive research projects are planned on POPs concentrations in mother.s milk and on PCB and dioxin / furan concentrations in food products and in local animal feed of animal origin. (NIP p. 80)

Lithuania Lithuanian scientific institutions are at the very onset of performing POPs scientific research.

Institutions carrying out scientific research in this sphere are Institute of Physics and Kaunas university of Technology.

POPs toxicity research in Lithuania is carried out in Vilnius university, Vytautas Magnus university, Kaunas university of Medicine.

The pursued research includes PCBs research in urban air and landfills, research of organo-chlorine compounds in surface waters. Research is often performed jointly with foreign experts and academic institutions with experience and access to sophisticated laboratory infrastructure (.e.g, the scientists of Kaunas university of Technology have been cooperating with the specialists of Umeå university of Sweden since many years).

Netherlands No information on research activities in the English part of the NIP

Romania In total 23 actions related to the research of different POP issues are identified (p. 141). Focal points of research activities are the sectors energy, traffic, and industry

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Member State Actions concerning research and development according to NIPs

Slovakia Focal points of future research activities are

2. environmentally appropriate manner of PCB disposal

3. use of non-incinerating technologies for final POPs disposal

4. methods for detecting the PCB presence

5. procedures for decontamination of polluted areas

6. alternative ways of production of different chemicals, which are currently

produced from compounds and radicals containing chlorine and other

halogens

7. replacement of problematic chemicals by safe replacements

8. determination and definition of BAT parameters and technologies in

individual sectors and for individual productions, especially from the

perspective of POPs production:

- quality and safety of foodstuffs

- impact of POPS to human health (p. 117)

Spain Investigation into substitutes and alternative processes

Sweden Research on POPs is currently being undertaken in a number of areas, such as reproductive effects, levels and trends in biota, including human tissue, and the contributions of current and historical sources to current levels of dioxins in Baltic fish.

Two marine research programmes (financed by Swedish Environmental Protection Agency), are completed during 2006 and 2007, respectively. In 2006, the Swedish EPA is planning to launch a research programme aimed at monitoring flows of POPs in society, including emissions of POPs from articles.

Areas of interest for future research and development include reducing the costs of analyses and improving sampling methods for on-line measurements. Other areas of interest are research on the formation of unintentionally formed POPs in all thermal processes, including small-scale combustion; the development of tools to predict environmental hazards; and the development of methods of analysis for new and existing POPs. (p. 85)

Research in accumulation mechanisms and environmental fate of POP candidates

UK UK continues to participate in international assessments of POPs and plays an active role to input into the work of technical committees under both the Stockholm Convention and the UNECE POPs Protocol to assess substances that meet the criteria of a POP. In the next two years Defra will be taking forward further work to develop and use UK and regional models, to support the review of national and international policies and proposals on POPs. (p. 60)

Research in the fields of unintentional releases will cover:

(a) review key dioxin, PCBs and HCB sources of releases to land and water and draw up a comprehensive list for the UK;

(b) review and update existing emission factors for land and water to reflect improved knowledge and sector developments;

(c) outline a methodology for collection of additional information on land and water releases;

(d) estimate releases of HCB to land and water from residues, HCB-contaminated products/substrates, combustion and disposal of HCB-contaminated wastes.

Further, research programmes are planned on dietary intakes.

Table 1-30: Overview on actions concerning research and development as indicated in NIPs

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1.5 Annex Preparation of National Implementation Plans

1.5.1 Public participation according to NIP

Member State Public participation in development of NIP

Bulgaria During the elaboration of the NIP by the Ministry of Environment and Water was supported by a Steering committee which comprised – apart of representatives of diverse authorities – institutions as Bulgarian Academy of Sciences; Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce, Bulgarian Chamber of the Chemical Industry; University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy – Sofia; Forestry University, Sofia; and the NGOs „Ecotech Consult“ and „For the Earth” (p. 167)

Czech Republic No information

Cyprus The steps that were taken for the preparation of the National Implementation Plan are the following:

o An inventory of releases of POPs in Cyprus was first made and from this inventory the major emission sources were identified.

o Letters were sent to all Governmental departments related to this subject, as well as to the Union of Municipalities informing them about the preparation of the National Implementation Plan and requesting them to give any relevant data they had, that should be included in the Plan.

o A one-day seminar was organized with an aim to inform all Governmental departments, non-governmental organizations, representatives of various organizations (industrial, trading, agricultural), the trade unions and organizations dealing or having an interest to the environment, about the POPs issue and the National Implementation Plan.

o The public was also informed about this seminar through the web page of the DLI: www.mlsi.gov.cy/dli

A draft National Implementation Plan (NIP) was prepared and sent to all parties involved for comments. At the same time the NIP was available on the web page of the DLI for a period of four weeks for comments.

Denmark Elaboration of implementation plan with participation of stakeholders (Danish Society for Nature Conservation, Industry Confederation, Ecological Council, Greenpeace, WWF, etc); commenting of draft by wide group of stakeholders

Finland A background report on POPs in Finland prepared by the Environmental Administration has been used to evaluate Finland‟s status with regard to implementation of the Convention, and as a basis for the planning of measures in the NAP. Citizens, organisations and businesses were given an opportunity to comment on the content of this report at a seminar arranged at the Finnish Environment Institute in November 2005, and through the Environmental Administration‟s website over a period of five weeks. The resultant feedback has been taken into consideration as much as possible in the drafting of this NIP. (p. 2)

France The plan was elaborated by the Ministry of Ecology and Sustainable Development and has been discussed by the “Commission des Produits Chimiques et Biocides” which comprises members of different ministry units, chemical industry, health, consumer and environment protection associations and unions but also public bodies acting in this field. (p. 7)

Germany The DE Federal MoE held two meetings in Bonn (11 November 2004, follow-up meeting on 15 November 2005) with the principal interest groups (representatives of the Länder, relevant departments within the Ministry, industry representatives, NGOs) to plan the measures to be taken under the NIP (p. 3)

Latvia Within the framework of the UNDP/GEF project “Preparation of the POPs National Implementation Plan under the Stockholm Convention” the national goals related to POPs were formulated and the priorities were set in a seminar conducted on 22-23 January 2004. Representatives of the Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Health and their subordinate institutions, as well as representatives of science and higher education

http://www.mlsi.gov.cy/dli

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Member State Public participation in development of NIP

institutions, professional associations and non-governmental organizations participated in discussions on the NIP action plan in seminars conducted on 13, 16 and 20 April 2004 and 8 June 2004.

For foreseen reviews and amendments, main stakeholders will be preliminarily consulted, including global, regional and sub-regional organizations, national stakeholders and NGOs working with women.s groups and with children.s health protection issues.

(p.10, 59

Lithuania During the development of the NIP, the general public and stakeholders have not merely been informed about the POPs, but they have actively taken part in the development of the plan. In the course of the public and other interested parties' information campaign on POPs the seminars for the public on POPs, for the undertakings – on PCBs and dioxins, for regional environmental protection departments – on PCBs were held and publications prepared (brochures for enterprises, academic institutions, healthcare establishments, the public, posters, flyers, stickers), TV and radio broadcasts on the exposure to health and environment were organized, the cycle of articles appeared in the newspapers (p. 4)

Netherlands No information

Romania The NIP integrates the results of three parts: 1. Review of the Current Situation; 2. Strategy Formulation; 3. Action Plans. The process of Strategy Formulation and Action Planning has been interactive. A draft Strategy, including key objectives, measures and instruments were intensely discussed and reviewed in the last part of the year 2003. A seminar entitled “Priority Settings and Determining Objectives” took place at Poiana Braşov, on 26 – 28 September 2003 and the key-objectives were defined and prioritized. All ministries, stakeholders‟ representatives and other representatives (NGOs, local authorities, a.s.o.) have been asked to indicate their priorities in a detailed questionnaire. The responses made clear which key objectives, measures and instruments were to be considered as having the highest priority in Romania. (p. 4)

Slovakia The GEF Project “Initial Assistance to the Slovak Republic to Meet its Obligations under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)" served as a basis for the elaboration of the NIP. The project aimed at the preparation of a proposal for sustainable capacities in Slovakia as well as a background for Stockholm Convention obligations. The individual partial tasks were performed with an assistance of more than 30 experts from environmental sector, but also health protection, agriculture and private sectors. (p. 5)

Spain Establishment of National Coordination Group (consisting of Technical working group and Advisory board) in 2005 comprising all major stakeholders (environmental, agricultural, industrial, public health); subgroups for investigation in inventory, substitution, BAT, inspection, awareness raising and education, coordination, financial aspects)

Sweden Industry, central government, local authorities, universities, NGO involved as Stakeholder in development of NIP; Participant are member of POPs network

UK Defra established a Dioxins Strategy Group to assist with the development of the UK Dioxins Action Plan which forms part of the implementation plan. The role of the Dioxins Strategy Group was to appraise the results of Government‟s monitoring and scientific research programmes and to advise on the identification of areas for future action. The following institutions sent representatives to the Dioxins Strategy Group: Corus, Solid Fuel Association, Non-Ferrous Alliance, Sea Fish Industry Authority, Environmental Services Association, Women's Environmental Network, World Wildlife Fund (WWF), University of Birmingham, University of Lancaster, University of Newcastle, PD Consulting, AEA Technology, 1. In addition, the Dioxin Action Plan was issued for a public consultation in autumn 2006 to seek feedback from stakeholders and members of the public prior to its finalisation. (p. 6)

Table 1-31: Overview on measures for public participating in development of NIPs (source: NIPs)

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1.6 Annex Monitoring

1.6.1 Monitoring details Austria

Overview on monitoring activities and surveys on federal level

For more details on geographical location, sampling points, applied analytical methods and

values found see the references.

Ambient Air – Dioxins and Furans

In November 1992 the Federal Environment Agency Austria started a one year monitoring

programme for ambient air concentrations of at the conurbations of Linz, Graz and Vienna.

This programme was the first systematically approach to assess the situation of ambient air

concentrations of dioxins in Austria14. The survey of 1992/93 showed rapidly increasing

concentrations of PCDD/F in ambient air during stable weather conditions in winter. The

observed concentrations were twice to three-times higher than the average winter levels.

Owing to these results in winter 1993/94 and 1994/95 respectively the Austrian Federal

Environment Agency started two monitoring programmes15 in the conurbations Graz and Linz

to better assess concentration levels during stable weather conditions in winter. It could be

shown that stable weather conditions (inversion layers), as known from other air pollutants,

lead to elevated PCDD/F levels for this period of specific meteorological conditions. Based

on the results of this initial monitoring programme in 1997 a long lasting monitoring

programme16 started with the objective to observe long term trends of PCDD/F and

additionally PCB in the air. The monitoring programme comprises eight sampling sites

representing urban, rural, industrial and remote locations. The sampling sites of the initial

monitoring programme of 1992/93 are also included.

Ambient Air – PAHs

The ambient air measurements according to the Austrian Air Quality Act include monitoring

of benzo(a)pyrene. The target value of 1 ng/m³ was exceeded at sampling points located in

alpine valleys and basins and urban areas17.

Emissions

Metallurgical processes

The PCDD/F-Emission Inventory 1994 for Austria revealed that metallurgical processes have

become one of the major sources of PCDD/F-emissions. According to this inventory two iron

ore sinter plants located in Linz and Donawitz accounted for more than 25 % of the total

annual PCDD/F emissions in Austria. In summer of 1995 the Federal Environment Agency

Austria on behalf of government authorities started an ambient air sampling program in this

area. These measurements showed obviously elevated PCDD/F ambient air levels,

compared to average levels in Austrian major conurbations as known from monitoring

programmes. Based on these findings measures have been undertaken resulting in a

significant reduction of particulate matter in the atmosphere of this area. In 1999 the Federal

Environment Agency started a new survey at this location18. The objectives of this new

programme was the determination of real annual average ambient air concentrations of

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PCDD/F and PCBs based on continuous sampling at one station in the vicinity of the

steelworks.

Domestic heating

The Austrian Air Emission Inventory of 1994 also showed that PCDD/F emissions from

nonindustrial combustion plants accounted to 16 g I-TEQ/year representing 58% of the total

PCDD/F emissions in Austria. The majority of the furnaces used for residential heating are

fuelled with wood, whereas in urban areas coal and coke is still used in considerable

amounts. In 1997 the Federal Environment Agency started a measuring programme on

emissions of PCDD/F from the combustion of coal, coke and wood in small household

stoves19. The first results of that study showed unexpected high concentrations of PCDD/F in

the emissions from a small household stove fuelled with coal. In 1999 the Federal

Environment Agency continued the study with three different types of household stoves

fuelled with coal, coke and wood under real life conditions. The emission factors for coal

burning gained from this study confirmed the results of the 1997 study. The emission factors

for coke burning were by a factor of ten lower than those from coal burning. The lowest

concentrations resulted from wood burning, ranging from 0.09 to 1.96 ng I-TEQ/Nm³.

Road traffic

Since it is well known that incomplete combustion in the presence of chlorine can cause

formation of PCDD/F also motor vehicles have to be considered as dioxin emission sources.

Beginning in the late 1980„ies several studies have been undertaken to estimate the

contribution of road traffic to overall PCDD/F emissions. These studies showed that

combustion motors fuelled with unleaded gasoline or diesel could be considerable emission

sources for PCDD/Fs. These measurements also showed considerable uncertainty

especially for the estimation of emissions for heavy duty diesel truck resulting in emission

factors differing by two orders of magnitude. Beginning in 1995 the Federal Environment

Agency – Austria carried out three tunnel experiments to achieve data about PCDD/F

emissions from road traffic in Austria20. The tunnel experiment approach had been chosen

because it offers the sampling of traffic emissions from an average car pool under real world

driving conditions. The results of the tunnel experiments showed that there is still measurable

PCDD/F-emission from road traffic, but this emission appears to be a very small contribution

to the overall emission in the range of 1 to 3%.

Bonfires

It is known from experiments that uncontrolled combustion of treated wood will lead to

significant emissions of PCDD/F. In 1996 the Federal Environment Agency investigated this

issue by measuring ambient air concentrations of PCDD/F at three sampling sites in Graz21

during the bonfires held on the Easter holidays (“Osterfeuer”). The survey could show that

magisterial regulations were sufficient to prevent the abuse this bonfires for illegal waste

disposal.

Food and Feed monitoring

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In 2003 the Federal Environment Agency carried out a first Austrian wide milk monitoring

study22 with the objective to get an overview of average PCDD/F levels in cow‟s milk,

additionally dioxin-like PCBs, according to WHO, and indicator PCBs, as listed by national

regulations, were analysed. The results showed that Austrian milk samples are clearly below

the current EC limit value of 3 pg WHO-TEQ/g fat. No significant differences, with respect to

PCDD/F and dioxin-like PCB, could be found between milk samples originating from dairy

factories and alpine dairies with a regional limited collection area. The differences in the

levels of indicator PCBs in cow‟s milk are a clear indication for still continuing industrial

influence showing significant lower levels for milk samples from remote alpine regions. Since

2004 the Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety is carrying out a food monitoring

programme in accordance with Commission Recommendation 2004/705/EC. Samples

collected from all 9 provinces of Austria covered all components of average Austrian diet. All

samples investigated were well below the EC-limits for food23. The estimates of dietary

intakes of dioxins and furans based on the combination of food consumption data amounts to

209 pg WHO-TEQ/day which on a body weight basis would correspond to approximately 3pg

WHO-TEQ/kg bw/day. This is within the range of the TDI (TDI: tolerable daily intake) range

of 1-4 pg WHO-TEQ/kg bw/day as defined by WHO. Feed and food monitoring for PCDD/F

and dioxinlike-PCBs is an ongoing process in orderto fulfil obligations arising from current

EC- and national legislation.

Soils

There is no common soil monitoring system on organic substances established in Austria.

However, several studies were carried out which aim to determine the contents of selected

POPs in soil (according to different land uses). Within the environmental soil surveys of

federal provinces in Austria, some organochlorine pesticides and herbicides and were partly

analysed in 3 federal provinces (Carinthia, Syria, Upper Austria). These studies were carried

out in the 1990ies.

Grassland soils

More up to date data are provided by a recently published study on POPs in grassland soils

far away from emission sources24. 14 grassland sites under extensive use were selected in 4

federal provinces of Austria. Soil samples were taken at depths of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm and

were analysed for the following substances or groups of substances: organochlorine

compounds (aldrin, cis- and trans-chlordane, dieldrin, endrine, mirexe, heptachlorine,

hexachlorobutadien, endosulfan, DDX, α-, β-, γ-, δ-HCH), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs),

dioxins, furans and dl-PCBs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polybrominated

diphenyl ether (PBDE), nonylphenol and bisphenol A, nitrophenols, chlorophenols,

phthalates, organotin compounds, hydrocarbon index, inorganic pollutants, general soil

parameters (pH value, humus content, texture, carbonate content). On the basis of these

results, substances were selected that were also analysed in all the samples from the

second depth.

Overview of the results for individual pollutant groups:

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Organochlorinated pesticides: Contents of selected organochlorinated pesticides, whose

production and use have meanwhile been banned in many countries, are mostly below the

chosen detection limits in the sampled grassland sites. Values for HCB fluctuate between <

75 and 1100 ng/kg DS, those for pentachlorobenzene between < 260 and 2600 ng/kg DS.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Contents of individual PCB congeners are above the

chosen limits of determination for all samples. The range for the total content from the sum

ofthe 6 congeners according to Ballschmiter is between 0.85 and 3.52 µg/kg DS (median: 1.2

µg/kg DS) and all values can therefore be considered background concentrations.

DL-PCBs: Contents of coplanar and mono-ortho-substituted PCBs were detected in most

ofthe soil samples. They are within the range of a few nanograms. What is noticeable is that

either low chlorinated PCBs are found together on a few sites, or higher chlorinated PCBs.

Total values from the sum of PCBs TE-WHO for the sampled grassland sites are between

0.01 and 0.74 ngTE WHO/kg.

Polychlorinated dibenzo- p- dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs): Total contents from the sum of

PCDD/Fs in grassland samples range between 12.5 and 148.0 ng/kg DS (median: 46.5

ng/kg DS). In order to take into account the varying toxicity of the congeners, PCDD/F

contents are assessed according to international toxicity equivalents (I-TEQs). These are

between 0.16 and 9.33 ng I-TEQ/kg DS. The upper values are considered high and need

further clarification.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): Contents of EPA PAHs range between 2.4 and

1818.3 µg/kg DS (median: 82.1 µg/kg DS). On 9 sites, values below 100 µg/kg DS were

determined. Although none of the grassland sampling sites used for this study showed PAH

contents above international background or intervention values, further clarification

appearsto be necessary for ΣEPA PAH and BaP contents on three sites. For all other sites,

PAH contents can be classified as background values.

Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE): The contents of 25 congeners of the possible 209

PBDE compounds were analysed within the framework of this study. It appears that the

verifiability and magnitude of PBDE levels vary considerably in the congeners. Highest levels

(above 2000 ng/kg DS) have been found for DecaBDE (BDE-209). The total values from the

sum of all 25 analysed PBDEs are between 14.3 and 5284 ng/kg DS.

Nonylphenol and bisphenol A: Contents of nonylphenol and bisphenol A are below the

chosen determination limits on more than half of the sites. The maximum contents reach

values of 31.5 µg/kg DS for nonylphenol and 2.5 µg/kg DS for bisphenol A.

Chlorophenols: For a large part of the soil samples, no chlorophenol levels could be reliably

determined. 59% of the samples were below the detection limit, another 16% below the limit

of determination. Total contents from the sum of all mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and

pentachlorophenols range between 9.4 µg/kg DS and 125.6 µg/kg DS (no results are

available for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol).

Nitrophenols: Within the study at hand, 15 congeners of this pollutant group were analysed.

With detection limits between 0.8 and 5.5 µg/kg DS (limit of determination: 1.6 – 11.0 µg/kg

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DS), no nitrophenol compound could be detected in any of the samples from the uppermost

depth.

Phthalates: 6 phthalates were analysed. Quantities of dibutylphthalate (DBT) and

diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) were detected with values between < detection limit and 43.0

µg/kg DS (DBE), and between 15.0 and 100 µg/kg DS (DEHP) in almost all the samples. The

values of all other representatives of this group are below the detection and determination

limits.

Organotin compounds: The contents of all grassland soil samples from the uppermost depth

are below the limit of determination and the detection limit of 4.0 and 2.0 µg/kg DS for the 6

representatives of the analysed organotin compounds.

Hydrocarbon index: The hydrocarbon index at the uppermost depth is below the limit of

determination of 100 mg/kg DS on all analysed sites. The results of this study show that

persistent organic pollutants can be detected, occasionally in considerable concentrations

(e.g. PCDD/F), even in grassland soils under extensive use. On the one hand the

substances concerned are those whose use and production have beenbanned in many

countries for several years or decades (e.g. certain pesticides), and on the other hand these

substances are so-called upcoming pollutants (e.g. flame retardants, phthalates,

chlorophenols), whose environmental relevance is gaining more and more importance at

international level. For three substance groups (nitrophenols, organotin compounds,

hydrocarbon index), all soil samples are below the chosen detection limits. Here it will be

necessary to consider suitable determinants for future analyses. The study thus provides an

initial overview of the verifiability and magnitudes of the levels of selected organic pollutants.

Although a more detailed analysis in the light of a correlation between individual soil

parameters, or pollutant groups, has not been possible here, it would be an important next

step allowing for a better description of the fate and behaviour of these substances in

grassland soils. Those pollutant groups that were analysed at both depths within the

framework of this project suggest that there is no direct connection between pollutant

contents and depth distribution in the soil profile. In view of this, the analyses should also be

completed for all samples. In general, the data on organic pollutants in soils are considered

incomplete. Only a fewpollutant groups such as PAHs, PCBs or PCDD/Fs are well

documented in the literature. For many other substances however, hardly any comparable

data on background values in soils are available. In other mediums such as sewage sludge,

sediments and surface waters, these pollutant groups have already been analysed in several

studies. A follow-up study is currently under development to investigate in more depth the

state of grassland soils throughout Austria including a wider range of sampling sites.

Forest ecosystems

Three major earlier studies (WEISS 1998, 2001, WEISS & RISS 1991) focused on POP

concentrations in forest ecosystems. The project MONARPOP (Monitoring Network in the

Alpine Region for POPs and others) 25 was the largest monitoring project on POPs during the

recent years. From 2004–07 this project investigated POPs in forests of the alpine region.

The studies distinguish between POP levels close to local pollution sources and background

levels at remote sites. The investigations provide information about – formerly or still –

intentionally produced POPs (organochloropesticides=OCP, PCB, PBDE, short chain

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chlorinated carbohydrates) and unintentionally released organic pollutants (PCDD, PCDF,

PAH, OCP metabolites, nitrophenols). Investigated media were/are: Norway spruce needles,

humus and mineral soil. Project MONARPOP also includes extensive air and deposition

monitoring. A final report will be presented to the public in the beginning of 2008. 25

http://www.monarpop.at

A follow-up study is currently under development. The main goals of this follow-up study will

be the continuation of the air sampling at the high altitude monitoring stations, the

investigation of accumulation of POPs in the alpine food chain and the inclusion of novel

passive sampling techniques. Additionally efforts have been made to include French project

partners to cover the western alps in this study. Apart from forest ecosystem surveys,

Norway spruce has been used to bioindicate urban POP immissions (PAH, PCB, PCDD,

PCDF, nitrophenols, short chain chlorinated carbohydrates). The Austrian Umweltbundesamt

also holds a perennial archive of spruce needle samples from selected industrial

neighbourhoods.

Water bodies

In Austria a comprehensive water monitoring system including POPs is in operation since

1991. Data for PAHs at selected monitoring sites are available for many years lying mainly in

the lower ng/l concentration range. Several special surveys have been carried out within this

system including a number of POPs e.g. PCBs, Drins, DDT and hexachlorobenzene showing

mainly results below the limit of detection for these substances. Monitoring results are

published in biennial water quality reports. In course of the implementation of the Water

Framework Directive a special monitoring programme for surface waters took place at 32

surveillance monitoring sites in 2003 and 2004 covering all substances pursuant to list I of

Directive 767464/EEC as well as the priority substances according to Decision

2455/2001/EC. PAHs and hexachlorobenzene were included in this survey which showed

that the environmental quality standards for PAHs and HCB were not exceeded. All data,

both of routine monitoring and special surveys, are organised in a database operated by the

Austrian Umweltbundesamt. In addition POPs have been investigated in special studies e.g

for the Austrian stretch of the Danube within the Joint Danube Surveys 2001 and 2007 of the

International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River sites26.

Monitoring activities on States level

Studies and monitoring programmes on POPs are carried out on Länder level as well. There

are several examples of these, however, not all activities are fully known on federal level.

Examples of these projects are: Analysis of HCB, HCH, PCB, PFOS, PBDE, PAH in alpine

lakes27. PCBs were further studied in waste water, sewage sludges, sewage sludge

fertilisers, soil and biogas slurry (carried out in the states laboratory of Vorarlberg28).

14 UMWELTBUNDESAMT (1994): G.Thanner, W. Moche; Dioxine in der Luft von Ballungsräumen Teil 1;

Monographie M- 50, Wien; UMWELTBUNDESAMT (1996): G.Thanner, W .Moche; Dioxine in der Luft von

Ballungsräumen Teil 2;Monographien M-76, Wien

15 UMWELTBUNDESAMT (1995a): G.Lorbeer, W.Moche, G.Thanner; Dioxine in der Luft bei

Inversionswetterlagen: Ergebnisse von fünf Meßstellen in Linz; Bericht 045, Wien

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UMWELTBUNDESAMT (1995b): G.Thanner, W.Moche; Dioxine in der Luft bei Inversionswetterlagen: Ergebnisse

von vier Meßstellen in Graz; Report 113, Wien

16 MOCHE, W. & THANNER, G. (2002): Ambient Air Monitoring of PCDD/F and PCB in Austria; Organohalogen

Compounds, 57, 5-6.

17 Umweltbundesamt (2007): Jahresbericht Luftgütemessungen in Ö 2006, REP-0104

18 UMWELTBUNDESAMT (2003b): W.Moche, G.Thanner; Dioxin - Immissionsmessungen Leoben 1999-2000.

Bericht 227, Wien.

19 UMWELTBUNDESAMT (2002): Thanner, G; Moche, W.: Emissionen von Dioxinen, PCBs und PAHs aus

Kleinfeuerungsanlagen. Monographie Band 153

20 UMWELTBUNDESAMT (1999a): G.Thanner; Dioxinimmissionsmessungen in Straßentunnel. Bericht 140, Wien

21 UMWELTBUNDESAMT (1998): G.Thanner, W.Moche; Dioxinimmissionsmessungen in Graz, Ostern 1997;

Bericht 109, Wien

22 THANNER, G. & MOCHE, W. (2004); PCDD/F and PCB Levels in Austrian Cow´s Milk; Organohalogen

Compounds, 66, 2103-2106.

23 Hofstädter, D. & R. Grossgut (2006): Levels of PCDD/PCDF in Food: Monitoring 2005 in Austria.

Organohalogen Compounds, 68, 1889-1890.

24 Umweltbundesamt (2006): Freudenschuß, A., Obersteiner, E. & Uhl, M.: Organische Schadstoffe in

Grünlandböden. Umweltbundesamt Wien, interner Bericht.

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1.6.2 Monitoring of PCB and PCDD/PCDF – Belgium Wallonia

Monitoring network for surface waters 2006

Substances/Paramètres Sites de contrôle -

matrice Eau

Sites de contrôle - matrice MES

Polychlorobiphényles (PCB) (somme n°28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180) 89 sites 22 sites

Dioxines (PCDD) - -

Furannes (PCDF) - -

Envisaged monitoring network 2007 pursuant to the Water Framework Directive

Substances/Paramètres Sites de contrôle -

matrice Eau Sites de contrôle -

matrice MES

Polychlorobiphényles (PCB) 25 sites (13x/an) 23 sites (4x/an)

Dioxines (PCDD) - 23 sites (Max 4x/an)

Furannes (PCDF) - 23 sites (Max 4x/an)

Les polychlorodibenzodioxines (PCDD) et les polychlorodibenzofurannes (PCDF) seront suivis au maximum 4x/an sur 23 sites dont 7 sites de contrôle spécifiques aux substances dangereuses (AGW 12.09.2002) et ce uniquement dans la matrice "matières en suspension".

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1.6.3 POP Monitoring Bulgaria

The monitoring of quality of lands and soils is implemented by Environmental Executive

Agency as a part of National automatic system for monitoring of the environment (NASME)

and includes a control and protection from POPs pollution (20 monitoring stations for PCB

and PAH).

In the period 1997-2002, soil-chemistry monitoring system of the MOEW covered 231 soil

samples distributed uniformly across Bulgaria‟s agricultural lands and analysed for content of

8 PCB congeners (PCB 28, PCB 52, PCB 101, PCB 105, PCB 118, PCB 138, PCB 153,

PCB 156, PCB 180) and ΣPCB6 in the soils of Bulgaria.

The analysis of the data shows that no PCBs congeners above the admissible limit value

(ALV - 0,2 mg/kg) have been measured.

Source: BG NIP, pp140-141., English version;

http://nfp-bg.eionet.eu.int/ncesd/bul/bulletins.html

In 2001 within the frame of National Ground Water Monitoring Network total 164 ground

water samples in 23 urban places from 17 municipalities in 4 administrative regions have

been taken and analysed for PCBs congeners (PCB 28; PCB 52; PCB 101; PCB 138; PCB

153 and PCB 180) in ground water. PCB 105 and PCB 118 and PCB 156 had not been

analyzed.

In Bulgaria for 2001 there are no ground water polluted with PCB. All values were below the

ecological threshold (< 0,01 mg/l) and this classifies the ground water as ground water in

excellent condition.

Source: BG NIP, pp 141-142., English version;


1.6.4 POP Monitoring Cyprus

The monitoring of emissions of POPs from industrial sources and especially of dioxins is

carried out through the implementation of the Control of Atmospheric Pollution Law of 2002

and the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Laws of 2003 to 2006. According to

these Laws industrial installations are granted an emission permit and where applicable, the

emission limit for dioxins is prescribed at 0,1 ng I – TEQ / Nm3.

From the emission measurements carried out until now by the DLI it was found that the

emissions from cement factories and power plants are well below the above limit.

Regarding the impact of the above POPs on human health, the Ministry of Health has carried

out medical research which has shown that the levels of PCBs, dioxins and furans in the

human milk of breast-feeding mothers were very low.

In addition, the Public Health Services of the Ministry of Health implement periodically


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various programmes for the monitoring of PCBs, dioxins and furans in foods and drinking

water.

The legislation regarding the monitoring of animal food provides that these should be free of

POPs such as dioxins, PCBs and organochlorinated pesticides. For this reason animal food

is monitored according to national legislation. During 2005, analyses of 15 samples were

carried out in an accredited laboratory in Germany.

Since 1988, PCBs are continuously monitored in the major dams of Cyprus, following the

episode of illegal disposal of PCBs in the soil in the Kato Polemidia area. It was found that

from 1989 until now there is a steady downward trend of PCB concentration. The maximum

concentration found in dams in 1989 was 600 ng/L and in 2005 it was reduced to 25 ng/L

with the exception of the dam near Kato Polemidia where the maximum concentration was

254 ng/L. The maximum concentration detected in rivers was 19 ng/L.

This investigation was carried out by the State General Laboratory of the Ministry of Health.

Further details about this investigation can be found in the UNEP Chemicals report of 2002

with title “Regionally Based Assessment of Persistent Toxic Substances: Mediterranean

Regional Report” which is available at: http://www.chem.unep.ch/

Details about more recent results of the monitoring carried out by the State General

Laboratory are shown in Annex I of the NIP.

1.6.5 POP Monitoring France

En 2004, une étude du BRGM sur commande du MEDD intitulée devenir des dioxines dans

les sols. Analyse critique de données bibliographiques (disponible sur :

http://www.brgm.fr).

En 2005, le BRGM a publié le rapport de son étude « Dioxines dans les sols français : un

premier état des lieux », réalisée à la demande du MEDD (disponible sur http://www.brgm.fr)

En 2000, un rapport intitulé « Dioxines : données de contamination et d‟exposition de la

population française », rédigé dans le cadre du groupe de travail "Contaminants et

phytosanitaires" du Conseil supérieur d'hygiène publique de France (disponible sur :

http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/rapports-publics/004001610/index.shtml).

En novembre 2005, un nouveau rapport a été publié par l‟AFSSA (Agence française de

sécurité sanitaire des aliments) : Dioxines, furanes et PCB de type dioxines : Evaluation de

l‟exposition de la population française (disponible sur http://www.afssa.fr).

En 2000, une étude sur les dioxines et les furanes dans le lait maternel en France, réalisé

par l‟Institut de Veille Sanitaire et l‟Agence de l‟environnement et de la maîtrise de l‟énergie

(disponible sur : http://www.invs.sante.fr/publications/dioxines/index.html).

En 2003, l‟agence française de sécurité sanitaire des aliments et institut de veille sanitaire a

publié un rapport intitulé : Incinérateurs et santé : Exposition aux dioxines de la population

vivant à proximité des UIOM – Etat des connaissances et protocole d‟une étude d‟exposition

(disponible sur :

http://brgm.frinfoterre.brgm.fr/

http://brgm.frinfoterre.brgm.fr/

http://www.ladocumentationfrancaise.fr/rapports-publics/004001610/index.shtml

http://www.invs.sante.fr/publications/dioxines/index.html

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http://www.invs.sante.fr/publications/2003/incinerateurs_3/rapport_dioxines_iuom.pdf).

En 2006, l‟agence française de sécurité sanitaire des aliments et l‟institut de veille sanitaire

ont publié une étude d‟imprégnation par les dioxines des populations vivant à proximité

d‟usines d‟incinération d‟ordures ménagères dont la synthèse est disponible sur

http://www.invs.sante.fr/surveillance/dioxines/ .

En 1997, le ministère de l‟environnement a commandé à la société TIRU (Traitement

Industriel des Résidus Urbains) une étude des caractéristiques intrinsèques de certains

déchets des usines d‟incinération d‟ordures ménagères et de déchets industriels spéciaux

En 2001, l‟Institut National de l‟Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS) a publié

une étude intitulée « Caractérisation des mâchefers d‟incinération d‟ordures ménagères –

Etude sur les possibilités de transfert des dioxines vers l‟environnement », qui est disponible

sur :

http://www.ineris.fr/index.php?module=doc&action=getDoc&id_doc_object=187

En 2002, l‟INERIS a publié une étude intitulée « Caractérisation des mâchefers d‟incinération

d‟ordures ménagères – Etude expérimentale de l‟impact des dioxines sur l‟environnement »,

qui est disponible sur :


En 2000, l‟INERIS a publié une étude intitulée « Facteurs d‟émission. Emissions de dioxines,

de furannes et autres polluants liées à la combustion de bois naturels et adjuvantés », qui

est disponible sur


En 2004, l‟INERIS a publié une étude intitulée « Paramètres physico-chimiques et

coefficients de transfert des dioxines pour l'évaluation des risques » qui est disponible sur

http://www.ineris.fr/index.php?module=cms&action=getContent&id_heading_object=7

En 2001, l‟INERIS a publié une étude intitulée « Méthode de surveillance des retombées des

dioxines et furanes autour d'une UIOM » qui est disponible sur


Concernant les PCBs, nous pouvons mentionner

les travaux de l‟Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), avec en

2003 un avis sur l‟existence éventuelle d‟une corrélation significative entre les teneurs

dans différents congénères de PCB (disponible sur :

http://www.afssa.fr/ftp/afssa/basedoc/CONT2002sa0149.pdf) et en 2002 une étude

intitulée « Données récentes sur l‟évaluation des dangers liés à la présence de PCB dans

l‟alimentation » (disponible sur : http://www.afssa.fr/ftp/basedoc/PCBEtudedec2002.pdf)

ADEME studies related to POP emissions

http://www.invs.sante.fr/publications/2003/incinerateurs_3/rapport_dioxines_iuom.pdf

http://www.invs.sante.fr/surveillance/dioxines/






http://www.afssa.fr/ftp/afssa/basedoc/CONT2002sa0149.pdf

http://www.afssa.fr/ftp/basedoc/PCBEtudedec2002.pdf

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Air emissions from fixed installations:

1. Emissions de dioxines du secteur de la crémation (campagne sur 10 sites français).

Convention ADEME/CTBA 2004-06.

2. Emissions de dioxines du secteur de la fonderie. Convention ADEME/CTIF 2003-05.

3. Emissions de dioxines liées aux feux de forêts et aux feux de décharges illégaux.

Convention ADEME/INERIS 2003-04.

4. Emissions de dioxines d'un site de production secondaire d'aluminium. Convention

ADEME/Affinage de Lorraine 1998-2000.

5. Mesures de dioxines réalisées dans le cadre d'opérations d'aide à l'investissement :

incinération d'ordures ménagères (45 opérations), incinération de boues de STEP,

sidérurgie, production secondaire de zinc.

Emissions from municipal waste incineration:

1. Campagnes de mesures de dioxines et d'HCB en UIOM: émissions atmosphériques,

machefers, REFIOM et eaux de lavage. Convention ADEME/FNADE 2003-06

Atmospheric emissions from wood combustion:

1. Campagne de mesures dioxines, PCB et HCB prévue dans 7 chaufferies bois type

collective. Démarrage mi-2006.

2. Etude comparative de combustion de broyats de palettes et d'écorces sur chaufferie

collective. Convention ADEME/CETIAT 1999

3. Comparaison de la combustion et des émissions de différents panneaux à base de bois

sur chaudière bois. Convention ADEME/CETIAT 1999

4. Evaluation comparative et prospective des émissions du parc d'appareils domestiques de

chauffage en France. Convention ADEME/ERDYN 2005

5. Estimation des émissions de polluants liés à la combustion du bois en France. Convention

ADEME/CITEPA 2003.

Releases via waste or products:

1. Epandage des boues municipales - mesures de PCB et dioxines dans les boues.

Convention ADEME/AGHTM 2001-02

2. Epandage des composts - mesures de PCB dans les composts d'OM et les composts de

biodéchets. Conventions ADEME/Gaudriot 2001 et ADEME/INRA 2000

3. Mesures de dioxines dans les mâchefers d'UIOM (valorisés en technique routière).

Conventions ADEME/INERIS 2000-01 et ADEME/SVDU 2003.

4. Mesures de PCB dans les cendres volantes d'incinération de boues de STEP. Convention

ADEME/INERTEC 2001

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1.6.6 POP Monitoring Italy

Ente che ha predisposto il monitoraggio

Titolo Sostanze monitorate

Periodo del monitoraggio

Comparti ambientali analizzati

Regione Marche - Servizio veterinaria, igiene e qualità nutrizionale degli alimenti

Piano regionale sul monitoraggio dei livelli di base e PCB diossina-simili nelle derrate alimentari in attuazione Raccomandazione della Commissiione 2004/705/CE

Diossine, furani e PCB

2005-2006 Vegetale e animale

ARPA Veneto Stabilimento De Longhi Diossine e PCB

Aprile 2007 Aria, suolo

ARPA Campania

Emergenza diossine nel latte in Campania: monitoraggio di suolo e vegetali per la valutazione di possibili cause ambientali

Diossina 2003 Suolo, vegetali e acqua

ARPA Umbria Qualità dell'aria nella Provincia di Terni

Benzene, IPA, metalli e diossine

2006 Suolo, vegetazione

ARPA Puglia

Rilevazione di PCDD/Fs e PCBs “diossina simili” nei fumi di processo emessi dal camino E 312 dell‟impianto di agglomerazione AGL/2 dello stabilimento siderurgico ILVA S.p.A. di Taranto

PCDD/F, PCB, IPA, HCB e inquinanti convenzionali

11-16 giugno 2007

emissioni in atmosfera

Comune di Venezia

PIANO DI AZIONE COMUNALE PER IL RISANAMENTO DELL‟ATMOSFERA

PCDD/F, PCB, IPA, HCB e inquinanti convenzionali

luglio 2002 - dicembre 2003

deposizioni atmosferiche

Regione Veneto

Piano di monitoraggio delle diossine e PCB negli alimenti prodotti in Veneto

PCDD/F e PCB

marzo-settembre 2001

alimenti

ASL Mantova

Studio della concentrazione ematica di diossine, furani e PCB in due campioni della popolazione di mantova

PCDD/F e PCB

maggio 2005 popolazione

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1.6.7 POP Monitoring Lithuania

PCBs were monitored in water and sediments during the period of investigation 1996-2004.

In 2005 the new monitoring programme was developed and approved. In accordance with

the requirements of the new programme in the case when concentration of hazardous

substances (POPs included too) are < DOL, monitoring obligatory should be performed each

three years, thus the next in intended monitor PCBs in 2008 as well.

Our Environmental monitoring programme (established in 2005) for surface water included

PCBs and 6 pesticides (aldrin, DDT, dieldrin, endrin, HCB, HCH) in water and sediments. In

2008 we expanded our monitoring programme into the big list with pesticides (chlordane,

heptachlor, mirex, toxaphene), controlled by Regulation (EC) No 850/2004.

Since 2008 PCBs monitoring is planned to be performed in the Baltic Sea (13 stations for

determining the concentrations in the water; 13 stations for the concentrations in the bottom

sediments) and Curonian Lagoon (11 stations for the concentrations in the water; 8 stations

for the concentrations in the bottom sediments) once per year (in the summer period). The

stations are located to assess hot spots and background situation in the Lithuanian part of

the Baltic Sea and Curonian Lagoon. Analysis methods: (LST EN ISO 6468:2000 en. Water

quality – Determination of certain organochlorine insecticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and

chlorobenzenes – Gas chromatographic method after liquid-liquid extraction (ISO 6468:1996)

and ISO 10382:2002(E). Soil quality – Determination of organochlorine pesticides and

polychlorinated biphenyls – gas chromatographic method with electron capture detection) will

be implemented and applied.

Details on the pilot study for the development of the monitoring network in the Central and

Eastern Europe (MONET_CEEC, 2006)

In the frame of this study PCBs, DDT and HCB in the ambient air were investigated in 5 sites

2006. The results allow to conclude that Lithuania (as well as the other Baltic states – Latvia

and Estonia) has few POPs sources with low emission rate and ambient air is mainly

affected by long range transport given that monitoring of POPs should be carried out in only

1 or 2 background monitoring stations. Monitoring for POPs in ambient air could be carried

out in 2009 (programme should be established in 2008). This is compatible with our technical

and financial capabilities and enable carry out in 2009.

There were two sampling sites in Lithuania in the western and three in the eastern part. Their

selection included the industrial part of Vilnius city, the rest of the sites were backgrounds.

With prevailing southern and south-western wind directions in Lithuania some transport from

other countries (mainly from Poland, Czech Republic, Russia – Kaliningrad region and

Germany) is possible.

Preila (LT-01) – latitude 55.350000 and longitude 21.066667 – is a background

environmental research station of Lithuanian Institute of Physics on the sandy cost of the

Baltic Sea. It is located on the 70 km long and 2-3 km wide Curonian Spit separating the

Curonian Lagoon from the Baltic Sea. The main local sources of pollution are small villages

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and the road traffic in the neighbourhood.

Plateliai (LT-02) – latitude 56.017222 and longitude 21.874444 is an integrated monitoring

station in the western part of Lithuania located in Zemaitija national park, 50 km from the

Baltic Sea.

Rugsteliskes (LT-03) – latitude 55.440556 and longitude 26.066667 – is an integrated

monitoring station in the eastern part of Lithuania located in Aukstaitija national park.

Paneriai (LT-04) – latitude 54.658333 and longitude 25.237778 – sampling site is in the

forest area of the Institute of Physics at the south-western side of Vilnius city. Local transport

can be a source of pollution.

Vilnius (LT-05) – latitude 54.710278 and longitude 25.344444 – sampling site was located in

the central and industrial part of city at the street with an intensive traffic.

While the sampling campaign lasted 5 months, but there were two sites (Plateliai and

Paneriai) where only 4 and 3 samples, respectively, were obtained. Since the POP

concentrations in ambient air are a subject of fluctuations and seasonal variations, this can

obscure the median data and make a comparison of the individual sites troublesome. It has

to be considered when interpreting the following results.

There was elevated PCB level in the capital city (median of 11 ng filter-1) when compared to

the background sites (4 ng filter-1). In Paneriai (suburb), however, median PCB

concentration was surprisingly 21 ng filter-1 (Tab. 19-21, Fig 36). Even when comparison of

the median values was omitted, the maxima of PCB concentration were 2.5 times higher in

Paneriai than in Vilnius. There was no clear seasonality in PCB data, and PCBs 28, 52 and

101 were most abundant. The soil concentrations of PCBs were highest in Vilnius (24 ng g-1)

while all the other sites including Paneriai had concentrations more than one order of

magnitude lower (Tab. 22, Fig. 37).

HCH levels were generally higher than in the other two countries (tab. 19-21, Fig. 38) and

there was less difference in the median values between the urban and background sites (13-

19 ng filter-1). Highest levels were found in Vilnius and Preila, lowest in Plateliai. α- and γ-

HCH concentrations were similar and the seasonal trend was not very well pronounced in

most places. Soil concentrations were low (below 1 ng g-1) and uniform (Tab. 22, Fig. 39).

High DDT concentration was found in Vilnius (median of 18 ng filter-1 – one order of

magnitude higher than any other site in the Baltic region). Lowest concentrations were at

Plateliai and Paneriai stations. p,p‟- DDE always prevailed in the air samples from Lithuania,

and increasing seasonal trend was only clear at the contaminated site in Vilnius (tab. 19-21,

Fig. 40). Soil levels of DDTs corresponded with the air contamination (Tab. 22, Fig. 41).

Highest concentration was measured in Vilnius (8 ng g-1) while all the sites were below 1 ng

g-1.

Levels of HCB were found to be highest in Preila (median of 11 ng filter-1) while all the other

sites reached only half of this concentration and were more comparable with other Baltic

countries. The summer levels were lower than the spring ones, and the soil concentrations

were all below 1 ng g-1.

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Median values of PAH concentrations were highest in Paneriai (3.7 μg filter-1), Vilnius (2.8

μg filter-1), and Rugsteliskis (2.4 μg filter-1), while Preila and Plateliai reached only about half

median values (Tab. 23-25, Fig. 46). Highest maxima, however, were measured in Preila (11

μg filter-1). Phenanthrene and naphthalene prevailed in all samples. Decreasing trend from

March to August typical for PAHs, can be observed for the sum of 16 compounds at all

sampling sites (Fig. 46). Soil levels of PAHs were significantly higher (half order of

magnitude) in Vilnius (530 ng g-1) than in Paneriai and Plateliai. Fluoranthene, pyrene and

benzo(b)fluoranthene dominated together with other high molecular weight compounds (Tab.

26, Fig. 47).

Plateliai and Rugsteliskis background stations can be recommended for the long-term

monitoring.

Details on PCDD/F monitoring in ambient air

We performed inventory for dioxins and furans twice: 2002 DANCEE project – Inventory of

dioxins and furans releases in Lithuania; 2005 when developing NIP project. According to the

estimates the total emission to air in Lithuania is about 38 - 48 g I-TEQ/year. Only three (AB

“Akmenes cementas”, AB “Palemono keramika”, SR UAB “Senovė”) big - scale enterprises

have IPPC permits for hazardous and medical waste incineration. Tests results on dioxins

and furans show that those enterprises emit dioxins and furans on low level. It is clear that

the power generation and heating (domestic heating and cooking using biomass) and

uncontrolled burning processes (household burning of waste and fires) are the most likely the

major source categories in Lithuania. This background allows making reference that in

Lithuania we have not problem with emissions of dioxins and furans to ambient air notionally.

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1.6.8 POP Monitoring Luxembourg

A) Etude détaillée

En 1993/1994 une étude détaillée concernant les immissions de dioxines et de furannes a

été réalisée au Luxembourg. Des analyses ont été réalisées au niveau de l‟air, du sol, de

sédimentset d‟aiguilles d‟épicéas resp. de douglas. En ce qui concerne les sols, 69

échantillons ont été analysés. A côté de 14 échantillons de référence, les analyses

concernaient des emplacements d‟installations actuelles et anciennes qui présentaient des

sources potentielles de PCDD/F.

Les concentrations en PCDD/F dans l‟air ambiant ont été mesurées durant 4 campagnes de

mesures en juillet et octobre 1993 resp. en janvier et mai 1994.

L‟étude détaillée 1993/1994 :

MPU, ITU (1994) Erhebung der Immissionssituation bezüglich PCDD/PCDF im

Großherzogtum Luxemburg, Bericht Nr. B 94/391, Studie im Auftrag der Administration de

l’Environnement, Division Air/Bruit

peut être consultée à l‟Administration de l‟environnement, division Air Bruit.

L‟étude de 1993/1994 est en train d‟être actualisée de manière à fournir des indications sur

l‟évolution de la situation au niveau de la présence de dioxines et furannes dans les

différents milieux de l‟environnement (air, sol, eaux et aiguilles d‟épicéas). A côté des

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dioxines et furannes, seront également analysés les teneurs en PCB, HCB et HAP.

L‟évaluation des résultats est en cours.

B) Réseau de biosurveillance

L‟Administration de l‟Environnement a établi un réseau de biomonitoring afin de collecter des

informations supplémentaires dans le cadre de sa surveillance de la qualité de l‟air. Le

réseau, développé progressivement depuis 1995, comporte actuellement entre 12 et 14 sites

d‟observation pour le contrôle jugé prioritaire des niveaux en dioxines et furanes ainsi

qu‟accessoirement les PCB, les HAP et les métaux lourds. Une attention particulière est

accordée aux zones urbanisées à proximité des trois aciéries à arc électrique dans le sud du

pays. Quatre campagnes d‟exposition et d‟analyses de bioindicateurs sont réalisées chaque

année afin d‟assurer une surveillance continue.

Les résultats des différentes campagnes de mesure sont communiqués aux municipalités

concernées, aux citoyens concernés et aux personnes intéressées. Les résultats sont aussi

publiés dans le rapport d‟activité du Ministère de l‟Environnement. Le graphique ci-dessous

montre les niveaux de dioxines/furannes et de PCB, en pg OMSTEF/g matière sèche,

détectés par bioaccumulation dans les légumes à feuilles en 2005 et 2006

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1.6.9 POP Monitoring Slovenia

Surface waters were sampled from years 1986 to 2002, 39 surface waters and 81 sampling

points were included in the scope of monitoring. Results of monitoring program indicate that

higher concentrations of PCB are detected at watershed Krupa spring. The presence of PCB

was occasionally present also at some others surface waters, especially in year 1989 (River

Mura-sampling point Ceršak, River Drava – sampling point Mariborski island, River Trţiška

Bistrica-sampling point Podbrezje). Based on 28 samples the average sum of concentrations

of PCB was 12 ng/l.

Results of sediments in surface waters in Slovenia indicate that in years from 1986 to 2002

elevated concentrations of PCB can be found in the sediment of Krupa spring, and

consequently in sediments of River Kolpa. Presence of PCB in sediments was occasionally

detected in some other surface waters, especially in years 1997-1999 (for example River

Mura, sampling point Ceršak, Cerkniščica, sampling point Cerknica-Dolenje Lake).

In the monitoring system from years 1986 to 2002 19 groundwater fields were included with

158 sampling points. Results of investigation indicate that groundwater was not

contaminated with PCB, except at some sampling points with micro location source of

contamination.

In the system of monitoring of water sources in Slovenia 79 sampling points were included.

Data comprise period from years 1990-2001. PCB was detected only at three sampling

points. In some other samples the concentration of PCB was below detection limit, except at

sampling point Krupa spring.

In tap water the presence of PCB was not detected.

In years from 2002 soil analyses were part of the projects with the aim to define methodology

(from planning to realization) and not the monitoring program. Analyses of soils indicate

elevated concentrations at Semič region. The presence of PCB is below 0.2 mg/kg at other

locations in Slovenia.

Investigation of concentration of PCB in wastes was not above the limit concentration of

PCB.

Data are accessible at responsible ministries.

1.6.10 POP Monitoring Sweden

PCDD/F Sludge measured annually at 7 sewage plants, data available from 2004 on

Fish measured annually at 3 sites, data available from about 1990 on

top predators (guillemot eggs)

measured annually at 1 site, data available from about 1970 on

human breast milk measured every two years at one location, data available from 1996 on; dioxin measurements included in programme from 2004 on

PCDD/F Sediment Every 5 - 10 years (frequency not determined); First measurement undertaken in 2004

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PCB long-range transport measured annually at 3 sites, data available from about 1995 on

PCB Sludge measured annually at 7 sewage plants, data available from 2004 on

HCB Sludge measured annually at 7 sewage plants, data available from 2004 on

PCB Fish measured annually at 9 sites, data available from about 1990 on

HCB Fish measured annually at 9 sites, data available from about 1990 on

PCB Common mussels measured annually at 2 sites, data available from about 1980 on

HCB Common mussels measured annually at 2 sites, data available from about 1980 on

PCB top predators (guillemot eggs)


HCB top predators (guillemot eggs)


PCB Sediment Every 5 - 10 years (frequency not determined); First measurement undertaken in 2004

HCB Sediment Every 5 - 10 years (frequency not determined); First measurement undertaken in 2004

PCB human breast milk measured every two years at one location, data available from 1996 on

HCB human breast milk measured every two years at one location, data available from 1996 on

Table 1-32: Details on current POP monitoring in Sweden according to Article 12 report (2007)

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1.6.11 Monitoring according to NIPs and Article 15 reports

Member State Information on Monitoring in NIP

Bulgaria Within the framework of National environmental monitoring system (NEMS), a number of subsystems have been installed under the responsibility of different national ministries and authorities. This comprises the compartments air, water, soil and foods of animal origin. Both intentionally produced POPs and by-products are monitored. A National Automated System for Environmental Monitoring (NASEM) is installed to support the program. Data are published in quarterly and annual bulletins(NIP p. 152-155)

Czech Republic Existing monitoring programs under the responsibility of different ministries are covering the compartments air, water, sediment, soil and agricultural products, the main programs focusing mainly on PCB, PAH and organochlorinated pesticides. (p. 48-51)

Cyprus The monitoring of emissions of POPs from industrial sources is carried out through the implementation of the Control of Atmospheric Pollution Law of 2002 and the Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Laws of 2003 to 2006.

Industrial installations are granted an emission permit and where applicable, the emission limit for dioxins is prescribed at 0,1 ng I – TEQ / Nm3. From the

emission measurements carried out until now it was found that the emissions from cement factories and power plants are well below the above limit.

the Ministry of Health has carried out medical research which has shown that the levels of PCBs, dioxins and furans in the human milk of breast-feeding mothers were very low.

the Public Health Services of the Ministry of Health implement periodically various programmes for the monitoring of PCBs, dioxins and furans in foods and drinking water.

Animal food is monitored according to national legislation. During 2005, analyses of 15 samples were carried out in an accredited laboratory in Germany.

Since 1988, PCBs are continuously monitored in the major dams of Cyprus. It was found that from 1989 until now there is a steady downward trend of PCB concentration.

#The maximum concentration found in dams in 1989 was 600 ng/L and in 2005 it was reduced to 25 ng/L with the exception of the dam near Kato Polemidia where the maximum concentration was 254 ng/L. The maximum concentration detected in rivers was 19 ng/L.

Denmark Regular monitoring programmes on POPs in feeds and foodstuffs. Monitoring of several POPs in the environment (measurement of POPs content in mussels, fish, sediment, point sources) is part of the National Programme for Monitoring of the Aquatic Environment and Nature (NOVANA). POPs in the air, atmospheric deposition, soil, groundwater etc. are not included in continuous monitoring, but have been covered by special studies. Monitoring of dioxin emission from incineration plants and other installations. The results of monitoring are reported annually and are available to the public on NERI‟s website (p. 37)).

Finland Many POPs have been monitored in the FI environment for decades. As a part of the Arctic Council‟s Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, the Finnish Meteorological Institute measures heavy metals and POPs in precipitation and air samples collected in Northern Finland on Pallastunturi Fell. The FI Environment Institute measures concentrations of certain POPs in soil humic layer, and in the tissues of common shrews and reindeer (p. 23)

France Several POPs monitoring programs by different authorities have been performed and / or are currently ongoing. This concerns Dioxins emissions from different sectors (e.g. crematories, foundries, MSW incineration and incineration of hazardous wastes, Wood incineration) (p. 24/25)

Germany DE has no specific measuring programmes to carry out systematic time-based and geographical monitoring of substances listed in the Stockholm Convention.

However, environmental concentrations of a number of POPs are determined in the context of obligations arising from other legislation regarding atmosphere, water bodies, soil, and feed/food.

A national data base is introduced for dioxins compiling monitoring data (p. 29). Priorities: A central area here is the establishment of a web-based

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database, in which concentrations of dioxins and furans measured in different environmental media, including human samples, will be published. Currently, the Bavarian Ministry for the Environment, Health and Consumer Protection and the Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety are working together to facilitate Internet access to data on dioxins and PCBs in food, animal feed and human samples.

In parallel to that a research project financed by the MoE is looking at whether other POPs data from monitoring programs in Germany can be centrally collected in the database that has so far been confined to data on PCDDs/PCDFs.(p. 39)

Latvia POPs specific state monitoring programs are relating to pesticide residues from animal / animal origin products and from plant origin; Dioxin in Baltic Fishes, Drinking and Marine Water within the framework of the National Environment Monitoring Program (NEMP).

Within several sub-programs POPs are not monitored separately but are measured as components of an organically extractable fraction that can be measured by analyzing for extractable organohalogens (AOX), such as: Groundwater monitoring sub-program; Agricultural groundwater monitoring sub-program; Heavily polluted territory groundwater monitoring sub-program.

Lithuania Environmental monitoring in LT is carried out at three levels – national environmental monitoring, municipal environmental monitoring and environmental monitoring of economic operators. The LT Government of has approved the State Environmental Monitoring Programme for 2005-2010. This programme anticipates the monitoring of several groups of POPs pesticides in lagoons and the Baltic sea, and monitoring of PCBs in lakes, rivers (in fish every 3 years, but if the concentration exceeds the maximum allowable concentration, the monitoring is carried out once a year). Further pesticide analyses have been performed in surface water and soil.

Netherlands Examples of the national monitoring programmes include the national soil quality monitoring network and other soil quality monitoring networks e.g. for remediation purposes. These monitoring programmes usually include a wide variety of different substances. There are no monitoring programmes specifically aimed at one or just a few POPs.

However, monitoring programmes for POPs exist in the (environmental) matrices: surface water, drinking water, suspended matter, plants and/or animals, food and animal feeds (NIP table 6.1). The monitoring programmes for sediment are more limited in their structure (with regard to the substances and the frequency of monitoring). The POPs listed in the Convention are not currently included in the monitoring programmes in the environmental matrices: ground water, rain water, soil and air. No POPs are measured in non-food („goods‟).

In NL there is no information available on actual known cases of serious soil pollution at the moment. Sites with POPs are not designated as such. A check will be made to establish whether this information can be extracted from the „Landsdekkend Beeld’ [Nationwide Picture] dataset for the next implementation plan. If this is not possible, an inventory of POP polluted sites will have to be produced by the various competent authorities in order to make the information available. The remediation of POP-polluted sites is being tackled on the basis of the Dutch soil policy set out in the Soil Protection Act

Romania Monitoring of releases in the environment is done through several institutions as, e.g. laboratories of EPA, laboratories of National Authority “Romanian Waters”, research institutes. Examples for monitoring activities:

- transnational monitoring network in the Danube River Basin;

- air quality integrated monitoring systems in background and impact areas;

- air born pollutant emission and sources inventory.

Current monitoring standards uses in analytical laboratory responsible to POPs pollutants (and not only POPs) releases surveillance in the environmental matrix are according EU ISO standards. At present, through Air, Water and Public Health Monitoring Network, which has at least one territorial agency in each county, monitoring laboratory analyses is done as a routine work. Further monitoring is performed for feed and food.

Slovakia There is no monitoring program focused specifically on POPs in Slovakia. Despite this, POPs are monitored in nearly all elements of the environment and living organisms including humans, as well as in foodstuff, but in an uncoordinated manner. None of the individual currently rganiza monitoring programs comprehensively covers whole area of Slovakia. Evaluation of spatial distribution of individual POPs can be carried out on regional level by combination of

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results of monitoring by several institutions. In case of PCB, HCB and DDT this is monitored in water and farm animals, Heptachlor is only monitored in water. No information is given on concrete projects (p. 66)

Spain Intended to establish synergies and improve coherence and utility of existing efforts

Existing experiences with monitoring in human, food, biota, air, water, soil and sediments; analysis comprises DDT, PCB, HCB, dioxins, HCH

Establish data base, define knowledge gaps and priorities, analyse and harmonise existing monitoring systems in humans, food etc.; elaborate manuals , protocols, guidelines (see also actions concerning unintentional POPs)

Sweden Coordinated programmes since 1991 Environmental monitoring focuses on the state of the environment in „reference areas‟ (areas that are not appreciably affected by local disturbance).

The monitoring programmes that exist do not deal with all the substances covered by the Convention. The substances excluded have been banned for a number of years and many of them cannot be found in SE. Screening for mirex, for example, was carried out in 2004, but no detectable levels could be observed in the SE environment. The substances covered by regular monitoring activities are PCBs, DDT, PCDD/PCDF and HCB. Aldrin and Dieldrin are covered by the pesticide monitoring programme.

PCDD/PCDF: sewage sludge (7 sites), fish (3 sites), guillemot eggs (1 site) annually, human breast milk (every 2 years), sediments (first 2004; every 5-10 years)

Annual PCB and HCB monitoring of PCB in fish, guillemot eggs, air , deposition, sewage sludge; every 2 years in human breast milk, human blood;

The presence of POPs in food is regulated by means of maximum levels (MLs) and (national) dietary recommendations. sediments (first 2004; every 5-10 years)

DDT monitoring yearly or every 2 years in marine fish (40 samples), guillemot eggs (10samples), breast milk (30 samples).

Pesticide residues in fresh and preserved fruits and vegetables (imported as well as domestically grown), and occasionally in drinking water, are monitored by the National Food Administration. (p. 60)

UK UK funded monitoring is commissioned and carried out by a range of organizations for a variety of purposes. These include compliance monitoring for international, European and national legislation, trend monitoring and campaigns in particular media or for particular chemicals including POPs.

An complete inventory of performed monitoring programmes is given in Annex 7 of the NIP. Two of these programmes are marked as “ongoing”: Toxic Organic Micropollutants (TOMPs) air monitoring network (monitoring includes dioxins, PCBs and PAH), monitored since 1991 by Lancaster University with results being published on a quarterly period on Defra air quality website; and Compilation of UK PCB Inventory, monitored since 2005 by Netcen

Table 1-33: Overview on POP monitoring in EU Member States according to NIPs

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Cyprus monitoring is an important issue

Flanders 12 POP substance are regularly followed in the annual emission inventories to air and water; monitoring of relevant substances is performed in surface water, sediments and deposition

Germany a research project has therefore been planned to examine whether the empirical values for PCDDs/PCDFs (being used in the dioxin "toolkit") could be used to deduce industry-specific information for PCBs and HCB. In addition a central area is the web-based database, in which concentrations of dioxins, PCB and some other POPs are measured in different environmental media, including human samples, are published. Data on other POPs from monitoring programmes in Germany are centrally stored in separate data bases by environmental compartment. Environmental monitoring in Germany is focussing on monitoring of airborne transport of POPs through measurements of concentrations in precipitation at selected locations. To expand the existing scope of the measurements there are plans from 2006 to ascertain concentrations of substances directly in the gaseous phase and absorbed on particles The environmental monitoring programmes in the individual states, such as Baden-Württemberg‟s programme of examining blood samples of year-4 schoolchildren are ongoing

Czech Republic broad system of POP monitoring is established since long time

Table 1-34: Information on POP monitoring in EU Member States according to Article 15 reports

Member State Information on Monitoring in Article 15 reports

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1.7 Annex Information exchange

Member State Information exchange mechanisms according to NIPs

Bulgaria Information exchange with other parties is conducted within the framework of SC (p. 156). No further information.

Cyprus Cyprus will contribute towards the effectiveness of the Convention by providing data to the Secretariat based on experiences and knowledge that will be acquired during the implementation stage.

Denmark POPs network for information exchange within the country, websites etc; at international scale Nordic Environmental action programme, UNECE and EU fora

Finland In Finland, the authorities keep informative websites, publish brochures and answer questions on matters arising. A system of different types of advisory committees has been created in order to facilitate the national information exchange between the actors in the field. The advisory committees are appointed under the relevant ministries. In these committees for example information needs, legislation in preparation and possible problems in the supervision of the legislation is discussed and problems solved. Usually all relevant parties are invited to the advisory committees – authorities responsible for both the preparation of the legislation and the supervision of it, representatives of the industry and workers concerned, relevant non-governmental organisations and research institutions. The Advisory Committee on Chemicals is an example of a committee that facilitates information exchange on existing and coming chemicals legislation, provides information from international institutions to the relevant parties and provides a forum to discuss possible problems from the national perspective and also publishes brochures and booklets on current chemical management issues. (p. 74)

France France participates in the international information exchange via the Convention secretary, the BAT/BEP groups and the POP RC group.

Romania RO has recently ratified the Stockholm Convention and in compliance with the article 9, the focal point will exchange information directly with other Parties or through the Secretariat. The information exchange between Secretariat of Convention and Romania is assured by a focal point nominated by the central competent authority for environment.

Slovakia Establishment of National Focal Point is named as an aim in NIP (p. 127) to enhance information exchange.

Spain National POP Reference Centre as central body for coordination and information exchange; focus on information, detection of alternatives, monitoring, harmonization of analytical methods and quality standards, develop information system, define effectiveness indicators, central data storage

Sweden Active participation in Stockholm Convention and POP Regulation meetings and working groups

National information exchange system via forum for organic environmental toxins (http:// www.imm.ki.se/divisions/FOM/Eng/index.htm)

Continuous dialogue with stakeholders; POPs network in place

The websites of the SE Chemicals Inspectorate and the SE EPA contain information on international activities and the Stockholm Convention. (p. 66)

Table 1-35: Overview on information exchange mechanisms installed according to NIPs

http://www.imm.ki.se/divisions/FOM/Eng/index.htm

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Member State Information exchange mechanisms according to Article 15 reports

Belgium Information exchange mechanisms established;

Czech Republic Yes;

Cyprus Not at national level, is European task;

France Not at national level, is European task;

Germany Yes; A working group was set up, designed to enable members to discuss practical issues and coordinate implementation of legal provisions in their particular state. The first informal meeting of the group took place on 11 November 2004 in Bonn.

Netherlands No;

Table 1-36: Summary on information exchange mechanisms according to Article 15 reports

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1.8 Annex Awareness raising education

1.8.1 Awareness raising Bulgaria

GEF POPs 12 Pilot Countries‟ NIPs Project – Bulgaria -Sub-project kick-off meetings

and Technical Workshop for the Preparation of NIPs for POPs Management with

participation of UNEP and UNITAR experts, December 8 to 15, 2002, Sofia.

8th International HCH and Obsolete Pesticides Forum”, organized by MOEW, Bulgaria

and IHPA, Denmark, 26-28 May 2005, Sofia.

2nd Meeting of the Steering Group - UNEP/DGEF: 12 countries pilot project for the

development of National Implementation Plans (NIPs) for the management of

Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), Geneva, 3-4 October 2005.

Workshop “Stockholm convention for POPs”, organized by NGO “National movement

ECOGLASNOST”, 22 April, 2005, Sofia, Bulgaria.

Workshop “Pesticides impacts in the Danube and Black sea region”, IPEN 13-15 May

2005, Varna, Bulgaria;

Regional Workshop for CEECA countries for Lessons learnt and Good practice on NIPs

development under Stockholm convention, UNEP Chemicals, 15-17 February 2006,

Sofia.

Under Small Grant Component was implemented a Project, titled “Programme for

Public Awareness – POPs impacts on Human Health and the Environment” with funds

granted from Global GEF/UNEP Project Umbrella Budget. Several round-table

discussions with students from Chemical Universities and Colleges, general public and

professionals has been carried out in Sofia, Plovdiv, Burgos, Pleven, etc. 3 brochures

and 2 leaflets has been published and disseminated to the academia and to the public,

July-September 2006.

In March 2007 Bulgaria was a host country of TAIEX 23981 Multi - Country Workshop

on Obsolete Pesticides in Central and Eastern European countries, organised in co-

operation with the Ministry of Environment and Water, Bulgaria;

NATO Advanced Research Workshop “The Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the

Environment, Istanbul, Turkey, 25-27 April 2007.

MOEW experts participation in Workshop “POPs – the unknown threat , organized by

NGO “Black sea Network of NGOs” under GEF Small Grant Programme, 05-06 June

2007, Varna, Bulgaria.

MOEW experts participation in Workshop “More knowledge for POPs in Bulgaria: the

right to be informed for the risks – public support for elimination of global POPs threat”,

National campaign “Stop the quiet invaders”, organized by Foundation “Blue Link”

under GEF Small Grant Programme, 13-14 July 2007, Sofia, Bulgaria.

MOEW experts participation in Workshop National campaign “Stop the quiet invaders”,

organized by Foundation “Blue Link” under GEF Small Grant Programme, 26 – 27 July

2007, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

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1.8.2 Awareness raising activities according to NIP and Article 15 reports

Member State Measures for awareness raising and education according to NIPs

Bulgaria No information on status. Increasing of Public awareness and training of key groups (such as universities, relevant industry staff…) is foreseen. The aim is minimum 5% annual increase in registered knowledge on issues of the environment and sustainable development (p. 156-158). A number of measures (such as campaigns, preparing brochures and leaflets) are listed (p. 198)

Czech Republic Although problems are well known at scientific level, current status of public awareness is low, particularly in the field of POPs waste management. For this reason, the program of the public awareness and information is an essential part of the conception is the implementation of the SC. (NIP p. 51)

Denmark Continue use of information material to reduce emissions from wood burning stoves

update and extend information on POPs in existing relevant educational material on chemicals, targeted in particular towards young people. (p. 63). This includes expansion and update of existing relevant teaching material on chemicals, especially directed at adolescents is part of the action plan (p. 96).

Finland Authorities provide information on POPs through the Internet and the media. The EA‟s website has a POPs portal (www.ymparisto.fi/pop), as well as information about the usages, releases, and impacts of POPs. In autumn 2005, a general brochure about SC and PIC Convention was published for citizens and NGOs. An earlier brochure published by the EA covered hazards related to the earlier use of PCBs in sealants. Local authorities issue instructions for citizens on good wood burning practices.

France Public information is provided by ministries, agencies and at local level (mairie). A brochure on dioxins has been released by the French Agency de sécurité sanitaire environnementale. In the internet, the MoE released a web page with information on POPs. Further, a conference on POPs issues has been organized

Germany Different actors are currently involved in providing information and education about topics connected with POPs. The Federal EA provides information to the public through the print media, press releases or the Internet about national activities undertaken or planned to fulfil the obligations of SC.

There are plans to create a central portal at federal level where information from the states will be pooled and made accessible to the public. In addition, individual agencies provide information on data specific to the individual state, such as the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, which has a website publishing data from its emissions register to inform the public about emissions. (p. 23)

Latvia An awareness raising campaign on POPs among various social groups has been conducted under the UNDP/GEF project Preparation of a NIP for the Stockholm Convention on POPs. During the project implementation, awareness about POPs among various target groups was defined and seminars were conducted for several target groups in order to train specialists and to inform the general public, including students and school children. It included the development and printing of brochures on POPs (20 000 copies), organization of workshops for national and regional mass media, educational research projects for schools on POPs subjects and discussions in four municipalities in Latvia, as well as preparation of thematic inserts on POPs for diverse newspapers. During the campaign, 70 publications and 20 electronic media stories appeared in regional and national mass media.

Lithuania The results of an awareness poll showed that most inhabitants incinerated waste in fireplaces as they did not have any possibilities to sort them and transport them to appropriate points of collection, or they were not familiar with the possibilities (p. 45). No further information.

Netherlands In the past, various actions have been undertaken to eliminate PCBs from transformers and capacitors. Measures have already been put in place to rganiza emissions of substances. Information material has been used during past PCB elimination actions. At the moment there are no specific government actions running aimed at providing information on the Stockholm Convention, although general information on the Convention can be found on the VROM web site.

Romania An analysis of public awareness has been performed in the course of the elaboration of the NIP. The main needs identified by the analysis were:

Improvement of the information chain on POPs;

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Member State Measures for awareness raising and education according to NIPs

fill the knowledge of information gap;

review of the policies and improve communication;

enhance the information exchange and the access to information. (p. 80)

Slovakia In short and medium term, specific affected groups (e.g. employees of POP relevant industries) shall be targeted via leaflets and media campaigns and via training programs. In the long term, media campaigns shall also be used to inform the general public. Additionally, information on POPs shall be communicated in schools.

Spain Low awareness in general population; no critical opinion against risks of chemicals, low ready ness of citizens to contribute to reduction measures by changes of own behavior

Consequently free access to information; information- education campaigns, increase confidence in administrative inspection mechanisms; use public media for dissemination of information; training of administrative levels, specific information for vulnerable groups, include POP issues in scientific curricula, establish information exchange programme between scientific and technical professions (meetings, congresses), spread information on obligations under the Stockholm Convention

Education programmes concerning domestic combustion of waste, open burning of waste

Sweden Awareness of POPs in Sweden is traditionally very high, both regarding industrial emissions and POPs in foodstuffs (particularly dioxins in Baltic Sea fish). The National Food Administration (NFA) has for a long time given dietary advice on food items that could contain elevated levels of environmental pollutants and therefore should be avoided or eaten less often. These dietary recommendations are given on the NFA‟s web site and are communicated to Swedish newspapers, broadcasters and other media that could disseminate the information to Swedish consumers. As regards the above advice on fish in particular, it is conveyed to expectant mothers when they attend antenatal clinics. Information on the subject is also given in Swedish schools. On a daily basis, many consumers contact the NFA by telephone, e-mail or post, and their questions are answered by a specially created information centre. In addition, local and regional authorities often have the necessary expertise to communicate with consumers on questions of food safety, and in such cases the NFA can provide back-up information and knowledge. (p. 65)

UK Apart from the ongoing activities in the field of public education, an educational awareness campaign is planned aiming to reduce emissions (mainly dioxin) from diffuse sources. This campaign will be covering domestic burning of household or garden waste and will be jointly performed by Defra, the Scottish Executive and DoE NI

Table 1-37: Overview on measures for awareness raising and education in EU Member States according to NIPs

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1.9 Annex Public information

1.9.1 Public information France

Waste treatment installations (including waste incineration installations) are obliged to

provide and to annually update a document which is available at the local authority.

Among other this document has to include information on releases.

Article 5 of the décret for waste treatment installations (93- 1410) foresees the possibility

to create a "local commission for information and surveillance" of an installation. Such

commissions have the task to promote the information of the public.

For the establishment of IPPC installations a public survey has to be carried out.

Generally, the studies mentioned in the monitoring sector available at the internet.

French Agency for health and environment (AFSSE). publishes opinions and

recommendations. E.g. information brochure on dioxins "les dioxines dans

l‟environnement et la santé" (2003) http://www.afsse.fr/documents/information_dioxines_

furanes.pdf.

POP website. http://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/article.php3?id_article=4736.

PCBs in water: http://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/PCB.html; http://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/Les-

PCB-ou-PolyChloroBiphenyles.html

3rd "national technical days on POPs and PCDD/F" on 10-11 march 2004 (ADEME). This

conference with 450 participants compiled the current knowledge related to impacts,

emission sources, local risk management, measurement methods and abatement

technology in industrial installations.

POPs used as plant protection products: web site of the "Observatoire des Résidus de

Pesticides": http://www.observatoire-pesticides.gouv.fr/index.php?pageid=17&newsid=

48&MDLCODE=news

1.9.2 Public information Poland

The Public Information Bulletin of the Minister of the Environment, which was established

on the basis of the Act of 6 September 2001 on the access to public information (DzU of

2001, No 112, item 1198), includes, inter alia, information on the tasks of relevant bodies,

on decision-issuing procedures for entities and for the public, as well as information

promoting public participation in the decision-making process and in activities aimed at

environmental protection;

The Environmental Information Centre, operating since 2001 at the Ministry of the

Environment, has developed and implemented a procedure for providing access to

information on the environment and its protection. A list of documents with such

information is available on the following website: http://www.ekoportal.pl;

The State Environmental Monitoring system and the national programme on

environmental monitoring and official control of pesticide residues have been established

by virtue of law and launched in 1991 and 2003, respectively; their study results are

made available for the public on the websites of the:

http://www.afsse.fr/documents/information_dioxines_%20furanes.pdf

http://www.afsse.fr/documents/information_dioxines_%20furanes.pdf

http://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/article.php3?id_article=4736

http://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/Les-PCB-ou-PolyChloroBiphenyles.html

http://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/Les-PCB-ou-PolyChloroBiphenyles.html

http://www.observatoire-pesticides.gouv.fr/index.php?pageid=17&newsid=%2048&MDLCODE=news

http://www.observatoire-pesticides.gouv.fr/index.php?pageid=17&newsid=%2048&MDLCODE=news

http://www.ekoportal.pl/

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Chief Inspectorate for Environmental Protection (http://www.gios.gov.pl/gemonos) -

information regarding the monitoring of river and lake sediments

Chief Veterinary Inspectorate (http://www.wetgiw.gov.pl/index.php?action=szczegoly&m

_id=29&kat_id=1975) - information on residues in animal products

National Institute of Hygiene (http://www.pzh.gov.pl/zaklady/9.htm#4.5) - information on

residues in plant products,

The National Emission Centre (http://emissions.ios.edu.pl/kcie) provides data on the

inventories of POPs emissions,

Some theme-specific website services are operating on: PCBs (www.pcb.pl), on risks

posed by dioxins and on waste handling (http://www.otzo.most.org.pl);

The most comprehensive electronic information resources on environment-related issues

at a regional level can be found on the websites of the Voivodship Inspectorates for

Environmental Protection (http://www.pios.gov.pl/wios/index.html), where the following

materials are most often presented: voivodship reports on the state of the environment,

lists of publications as well as other information sources on environmental monitoring and

control activities carried out in voivodships (provinces),

The number of districts (powiats) and communes (gminas) launching their websites with

environmental information and data, that are of interest to the local society, keeps rising,

Leaflets and folders on e.g. proper PCB handling and management, as well as risks

posed by dioxins, are disseminated within information campaigns, conducted by

environmental non-governmental organisations, and organised under their statutory

scope of activity.

Special educational programmes, in the form of e-learning training, are available on the

website of the Ministry of the Environment, giving the opportunity to obtain knowledge and to

check one‟s information, inter alia, regarding environmental impact assessments and the

issuing of integrated permits (public participation is required in both procedures).

The activities that are planned include the strengthening of the system for providing access

to information on POPs-related issues, covering:

releases, handling, management and developments likely to have an adverse effect on

the environment,

data on POPs content in the environment and in living organisms,

the impact of the state of the environment, including pollutants, e.g. dioxins, on health

and the conditions of life,

measures aimed at the protection or improvement of the state of the environment.

http://www.wetgiw.gov.pl/index.php?action=szczegoly&m

http://www.otzo.most.org.pl/

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1.9.3 Public information activities according to NIP and Article 15 reports

Member State Actions concerning information of public according to NIPs

Bulgaria Performance of information exchange among the stakeholders responsible for POPs management; Educational and Public awareness raising programmes on POPs issues: Provision of Public access and awareness raising on POPs issues: Development and dissemination of public awareness materials at the national level for POPs and their health and environmental effects.

Czech Republic Increase the public awareness and education concerning the POPs, make use of the activities of all departments concerned, of the activities of the National POP Centre, of educational institutions at all levels, and of voluntary, non-governmental organisations.(p. 75)

Cyprus In general the public seem to ignore the risks from the emissions of POPs from open burning of waste (mainly agricultural and domestic) which takes place both in inhabited areas and also in open landfills.

As an initial effort to raise public awareness the DLI organized on 30.11.2006 a seminar titled “Releases of Persistent Organ ic Pollutants during burning and incineration”. All governmental and non-governmental organizations involved, agricultural organizations, Municipalities, trade unions and others were invited; http://www.mlsi.gov.cy/dli

Denmark Under the Nordic environmental action programme, Nordic working groups have been set up for the various substance areas. The groups exchange information and initiate studies, for instance on the costs in EU countries in relation to the use of PCB. Through membership of the EU, Denmark is taking part in information exchange with the other Member States on a continuous basis on a number of issues involving POPs. Measures will be taken to update and extend information on POPs in existing relevant educational material on chemicals, targeted in particular towards young people.

Information tools are various dioxin reports (www.mst.dk/kemi/02280000.htm) , information campaign against waste burning (http://fyrfornuftigt.dk) , correct heating with wood (http://www.kl.dk) , campaign against PVC and impregnated wood ((http://www.mst.dk) , campaign on healthy diet (www.altomkost.dk), information campaign with respect to release reduction from waste incineration; etc.

Additionally information campaigns by non public organisations

Finland Dioxin, furan, and PCB concentrations in fish from the Baltic Sea have been regularly covered by the Finnish media for many years, and Finns are well aware of issues related to exposure to POPs. The authorities also provide plenty of information about POPs through the Internet and the media.

The Environmental Administration‟s website has a POPs portal www.ymparisto.fi/pop where citizens can find the latest version of the NIP, as well as plenty of information about the usages, releases, and impacts of POPs. In autumn 2005, a general brochure about POPs and PIC conventions was published for citizens and NGOs. An earlier brochure published by the Environmental Administration covered hazards related to the earlier use of PCBs in sealants. Local authorities issue instructions for citizens on good wood burning practices.

Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) as the competent authority ensures that information is freely available on environmental concentrations of POPs, the exposure of the population to POPs, and sources of POPs.

France The « Agence française de sécurité sanitaire Environnementale » provides public information, e.g. via brochures (Example :

http://www.afsse.fr/documents/information_dioxines_furanes.pdf. )

Germany Priorities: Both the Environment Ministry and the Federal Environment Agency publish information on the Internet for interested members of the public about new resolutions and developments under the POPs Protocol and the Stockholm Convention. (p. 39)

Latvia Planned measures are indicated within Action Plan 7, partly overlapping with measures to raise awareness (see 1.15). The following measures are named: Improve the knowledge on the impact of PCBs on human health and the environment for the social groups most affected by PCBs;

Improve the knowledge of GPs and gynecologists of the impact of POPs on human health;

Ensure that industry using PCB containing equipment or waste is informed about the regulations for the destruction of all PCB containing equipment by

http://www.mlsi.gov.cy/dli

http://fyrfornuftigt.dk/

http://www.kl.dk/

http://www.mst.dk/

http://www.altomkost.dk/

http://www.afsse.fr/documents/information_dioxines_furanes.pdf

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Member State Actions concerning information of public according to NIPs

2010, as well as the mechanism for the fulfillment of the requirement.

Lithuania One proposed measure within Action Plan is to prepare and disseminate information material on the environmental and human health impact of POPs and regularly organize targeted environmental actions intended for the prevention of POPs formation (p. 62)

Netherlands No measures indicated in NIP

Romania In total seven actions related to the research of different POP issues are identified (p. 131). Focal points of these activities are training of workers, scientists and instructors, e.g. in the cement industry. Eduction of the general public is mentioned but not further specified.

Slovakia Introduce effective mechanisms of information exchange at international and at national level (no more specified)

Spain Information shall be freely accessible

Sweden Government agencies and institutions in the field of occupational safety and health offer education and information material; joint institution of employer‟s federation and trade union in place, educational system provides basic information on chemicals at all levels. Both industry and NGOs are very active in education and raising of awareness.

Information on different POPs aspects POPs are currently provided by the websites of the Swedish Chemicals Inspectorate and the Swedish EPA. The Swedish Consumer Agency is working with the issue of the use of firewood for domestic heating. The Agency has information on its website regarding the environment-friendly use of wood fuels. A joint information campaign by the Swedish EPA and the Swedish Consumer Agency is one possible way of creating wider awareness of the fact that what people burn, and how they go about it, may make a major difference to emissions. (p. 85)

UK In the UK it is standard practice when developing decision making on environmental policy to make information publicly available through a range of media including publications of consultations documents, research reports and the internet. The web sites of several state agencies provide information on different POPs issues (emissions, diet…) (p. 57)

Table 1-38: Overview on actions for information of the public in EU Member States

Member States Information of public according to Article 15 reports

Cyprus Dissemination of information to importers, producers, distributors and workers; workshop on POP management and NIP in 2006; ##www.mlsi.gov.cy/dli

Belgium Installation of information website

Germany Both the Environment Ministry and the Federal Environment Agency publish information on the Internet for interested members of the public about new resolutions and developments under the POPs Protocol and the Stockholm Convention.

Table 1-39: Summary on measures for information of public according to Article 15 reports

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1.10 Annex Technical Assistance

1.10.1 Overview on National budgets allocated to technical assistance in recent years

MS Budget Purpose and scope

CZ 130 million CZK 2006-2010

50,000 EUR 2007; for passive sampling campaigns in the 16 countries of the region Central and Eastern Europe and Fiji

DK 15 million DKK 2006-2007

FI Total funding GEF 31 120 000 € (2002-2006); In 2004, 2 % of GEFs funds allocated POP projects

58 866 € in 1999 17 000 € in 2001 20 000 € in 2002.

Support for developing countries in preparation of SAICM: 100 000 € in year 2004.

911 300 € 1999 and 2000 POP chemicals were transported from Nicaragua to Finland to be destroyed

1 000 000 € 2002-2003; Africa Stockpiles Program, obsolete pesticides in Ethiopia were identified and transported to Finland

50000 € 2006; hazardous chemicals in Moldova

total sum of 672 752 € 2000-2003; Finland supported the African Insect Science for Food and Health (ICIPE) specifically on insect research

200 000 € 2002-2003; train the responsible authorities in organizing the waste management to prevent environmental pollution

672 752€ during 2005-2006 BCRC for the Arab States in Egypt

336 373 € projected for 2007

1 199 772 €. 2003 to 2006 ; Hazardous waste management project in Alexandria; total funds second phase

Total contribution 1 351 480 € last four years. analytical training for chemists and administrative training for officials from developing countries related to the chemicals covered by the Chemical Weapons Convention. The analysis methods and the administrative training on chemical databases learnt during the courses can be applied to the POPs as well.

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MS Budget Purpose and scope

100 000 € has been applied for software tool for monitoring PCB waste and PCB containing equipment

FR 1.4 mio € in 4 years to African Stockpile Programme

1 mio € for three years to western and north-western Africa

SK 160,771 thousand SKK 2006

2007 is 168,744 thousand SKK 2007

Not quantified AT, BE, DE, IE, IT, NL,

Not performed BG, CY, HU, LU, LT, PL, UK

Table 1-40: Quantitative overview on technical assistance provided by EU Member States in the context of the EU POP Regulation and Stockholm

Convention

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1.10.2 Technical assistance Germany

Technical assistance for African countries:

Tanzania: Germany provided technical assistance to the Chief Government Chemist, the POPs focal point of Tanzania, concerning the disposal of 50 tons of DDT which are located in Korogwe, Tanzania. The DDT will be finally disposed of in January 2008. The disposal will be financed by the German government. In addition, in December 2006, Tanzanian journalists were trained on chemical safety issues and on the African Stockpile Program by the German government in cooperation with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). By journalists reporting on these issues the awareness of the public concerning chemical safety and POPs stockpiles shall be raised.

SADC: Germany provided financial and personal support to a sub-regional workshop which took place in November 2004 in Mozambique comprising the SADC countries organised by UNEP Chemicals regarding the implementation of the POPs Convention.

Technical assistance for Asian countries:

India: In the Indian province Rajasthan, the German government supported a Dieldrin inventory in September 2006. The Dieldrin will be disposed of in 2008 financed by the German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) and the company Shell.

India and Vietnam: In cooperation with the European Union, German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) is transferring knowledge and introducing good practices to India and Vietnam through strategy workshops and technical training courses on topics such as environmental monitoring, inventory of obsolete pesticides stocks and risk assessment, policy development for environmentally sound transportation and storage of chemical products, chemicals management in small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and safety measures when handling chemicals. In Vietnam, the elaboration of co-processing guidelines for chemical waste in cement kilns is also assisted. The activities of the joint project started in 2006 and will be finished in 2008.

Indonesia: In cooperation with the Indonesian company Indocement, German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) trained decision makers of the Indonesian Ministry of Environment as well as the staff of the Air Quality Laboratory of the Institute of Technology Bandung in the monitoring of emissions at combustion processes as the co-processing of waste in the cement production. This measure has started in 2006 and will be completed in 2008.

Thailand: In 2004, German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) contributed to a survey on the dioxin and furan emissions of the crematories of Greater Bangkok and to the elaboration to proposals for the construction of an environmentally sound pilot crematory in cooperation with the Thai Pollution Control Department and the City of Bangkok. In addition, a conceptual study for dioxin and furan emission reduction at the Bangkok Steel Industries was supported.

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China: German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) provides assistance and financial resources to the disposal of obsolete pesticides in the three provinces Hubei, Jiangsu und Jilinsind. The necessary software (Inventory Database Information System) is provided.

Technical assistance for Latin America and the Caribbean:

The German government contributed to the implementation of a sub-regional workshop for the Latin American and Caribbean countries on the development and implementation of action plans for the reduction of POPs emissions such as PCB, dioxins and furans. The workshop took place in July 2004 and was carried out in Chile by UNEP Chemicals, the POPs Secretariat and the Basel Secretariat. Germany contributed to the workshop with a resource person, financial resources and assisting the organisation of the workshop.

In September 2004, Germany organised and carried out a study tour in Germany for representatives of the Ministries of Environment of Latin America and the Caribbean. The participants visited cement companies which are experienced with co-processing, companies of the chemical industries, several German authorities, poison information centres and special waste incineration plants.

In 2004, a sub-regional workshop for South American countries on chemical hazards communication and the implementation of GHS took place in Brazil in cooperation with Mercosur, the Andean Community and UNITAR. The German government contributed financially to the workshop.

Caribbean: In 2006, Germany supported the project “Management of obsolete pesticides and PCBs in the Caribbean” of UNEP Chemicals and the Secretariat of the Basel Convention by providing a resource person at one of the project mapping workshops and by an inventory database for the disposal of obsolete pesticides and PCBs.

Technical Assistance for countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia:

Azerbaijan: In 2007, the Government of Azerbaijan was given advice by German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) on the disposal of obsolete pesticides.

Macedonia: Since 2007, German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) in cooperation with the company Envio Recycling is supporting Macedonia in introducing a management system for PCB-contaminated transformers and capacitors. Representatives of the Ministry of Environment, environmental agencies and the industry are trained on relevant regulations and conventions and on the environmentally sound storage and transport of PCB-contaminated materials. In addition, strategies for the disposal of the PCBs are developed and technical guidelines for the safe management of PCBs are elaborated. Further activities include an awareness raising campaign for the industry and the ascertainment of the number of PCB-contaminated devices in 3 industrial sectors.

Eastern Europe, Central Asia: In 2007, the German Technical Assistance provided consultancy on the management of obsolete pesticides within the scope of workshops which took place in Bulgaria and Georgia and were organised and financed by the European Union.

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Supraregional technical assistance:

The German Technical Cooperation together with the Swiss based company Holcim has developed internationally recognized guidelines on the

co-processing of waste materials in the cement production. In the following years they will support the implementation of the guidelines in several

developing countries and countries with economies in transition such as Morocco, Mexico, Chile and the Philippines.

1.10.3 Technical assistance according to NIP and Article 15 reports

Member State Technical assistance according to NIPs

Bulgaria Mentioned only in the context of receiving technical assistance (e.g. within the framework of PHARE and Twinning Projects)

Denmark Technical assistance is provided by DK since 1989 for enhancement of the environment in the new democracies in Central and Eastern Europe, CIS countries and other non-EU-applicants to contribute. Assistance has been provided primarily as bilateral assistance. Additionally, technical assistance has been provided diverse international programs like Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) and the Arctic Council Action Plan to Eliminate Pollution of the Arctic (ACAP), UNEP and NEFCO. Assistance in the POPs area has targeted projects relating to pesticides, PCB and dioxins. (p. 66)

Current support via EU and GEF mainly to Baltic area, Balkan: mapping, collection, safe management; future projects mainly through GEF

Finland information is only given on financial assistance (p. 23)

France Technical assistance is provided by participation in the programme “Africa stockpiles” for Mali and Tunesia

Latvia No information on performed activities. Indicated as planned activity in the framework of bilateral agreements within the Action Plan (p. 87)

Lithuania LT aims to actively participate in the work of the Conference of the Parties to promote and enhance the provisions pertaining to technical and financial assistance. LT aims at further extending its professional support to any initiatives of the planned regional or sub-regional centres to be established under the Convention. Obsolete POPs pesticides management may be one of the fields in which experts from LT may share their knowledge and experience to third countries, particularly in Central Asia and in the Commonwealth of Independent States. (p. 49)

Romania RO is in the position to receive technical assistance from developed countries for the transfer of technology (BAT and BEP). (p. 144)

Slovakia SK is receiving technical assistance in different fields of POPs within the EU framework (p. 135)

Sweden As regards Technical assistance, ongoing bi- and multilateral activities are reported; Russia, Belarus, Vietnam, China and Ukraine, the Baltic region and the Balkan; Sweden is lead country in a multilateral project under the Artic Council action plan.. (p. 90)

UK The main programmes for providing assistance to developing countries and countries with economies in transition are

The Global Environment Facility (GEF) which was created in 1991 to channel multilateral funds into projects that create global environmental benefits, initiated by people in developing countries. It brings together 166 member Governments, leading development institutions, the scientific community and a wide spectrum of private sector and non-Governmental rganizations.

UK contributes £100k per year to the POPs Club which was established under the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) to support the development of what is now the SC. Since SC entered into force in May 2004 the UK has an obligation to make annual assessed contributions to support the activities of the Secretariat and participation of developing countries. In 2006 the UK assessed contribution was US $380,000.

UK‟s regional and bilateral development assistance is focused on Asia, South America and Africa. The main objective of Sustainable Development Dialogues is to ensure that the environmental dimensions of development are integrated into national policies in order to meet both national priorities and

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Member State Technical assistance according to NIPs

international commitments. Defra has established a WSSD implementation fund (WIF) with the objective of accelerating implementation of WSSD commitments through initiatives. (p. 62)

Table 1-41: Overview on technical assistance activities of EU Member States according to NIPs

Member State Technical assistance according to Article 15 reports

Belgium Technical assistance to third countries via participation in GEF

Czech Republic Technical assistance mainly via RECETOX Institut (Brno); monitoring, decontamination; priority countries Vietnam, Moldova, Mongolia, Serbia; in addition Montenegro, Kyrgyzstan, Zambia, Namibia, etc

Cyprus Technical assistance received as concerns dioxin emission measurements

France Technical assistance to African countries (Mali, Tunisia)

Germany Technical assistance has been provided for African, Asian and Latin American countries (Tanzania, SADC, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, China in the fields of emission inventories, waste management, disposal, monitoring, action plans, implementation of Convention requirements

Netherlands Technical assistance to developing countries and economies in transition via bilateral support, GEF, Unitar and Stockholm Convention voluntary trust fund

Table 1-42: Summary of information on technical assistance according to Article 15 reports

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1.11 Annex Rules on penalties

1.11.1 Rules on penalties in Belgium

Due to the distribution of competences between regions and the federal state in Belgium

three types of penal systems in case of violation of the Regulation are applicable in Belgium.

Wallonia:

Issue violated Legal act Administrative fine Penal sanctions

Environmental permits

(cover Article 3 and 4 of POP Regulation)

Décret wallon du 11 mars 1999

(Art. 76): Max 12500 € ; doubled in case of repeated violation within 3 years

(Art.77 à 80)

Imprisonment between 8 days and 3 years or fine between

2.5 et 25,000 €

Sanctions can be doubled in case of repeated infraction of the same type within 5 years from first condemnation *

Pollution of surface and ground water

(completes environmental permit sanctions)


Décret wallon du 27 mai 2004 relatif au livre II du code de l'Environnement constituant le Code de l'Eau

(Art.392 à 394)


2.5 et 62,500 €

Waste management


Décret wallon du 27 juin 1996 relatif aux déchets

(Art.47 à 50):

Max 25000 €

(Art.51 à 59)

Imprisonment between 8 days and 5 years or fine between2.5 et 62,500 €


*Dans ce cas, la peine minimale ne peut être inférieure au décuple du minimum.

Brussels Capital Region

Issue violated Legal act Administrative fine

Utilisation de pesticide, déchets

L‟Ordonnance du 25 mars 1999 relative à la recherche, la constatation, la poursuite et la répression des infractions en matière d'environnement (Chapitre V)

32 62,5 € à 625 €, doubled in case of repeated violation within 3 years Air, eau de surface,

eau souterraine, déchets, permis d‟environnement

33 625 € à 62.500 €,

Maximum fine Max 125.000 €

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Flanders

Issue violated Legal act Administrative fine Penal sanctions

Holders of stockpiles according to Annex I and II whose use is not permitted

(pursuant to article 7 of POP Regulation)

Afvalstoffendecreet (Art.56)

Imprisonment between 1 month and 5 years and/or fine between

100 and 10,000,000 €


Holders of stockpiles >50 kg according to Annex I and II whose use is permitted

(pursuant to article 7 of POP Regulation)

Milieuvergunningsdecreet (Art.39)


100 and 100,000 €

Producers and holders of wastes consisting ,containing or contaminated with Annex IV substancese

(according to Article 7 of the POP Regulation)

Afvalstoffendecreet (Art.47 à 50):

Max 25000 €

(Art.56-61)

Imprisonment between 1 month and 5 years and/or fine between

100 and 10,000,000 €

Sanctions can be doubled in case of repeated infraction of the same type within 5 years from first condemnation

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1.11.2 Rules on penalties in Cyprus

Infringement of article 3.1 The penalty for production, placing on the market and use of

the substances listed in Annex I of the Regulation, according to The Pesticide Law of

1993 (N. 1(I)/1993) as amended by the Pesticide (Amendment) Law of 2004 (N.

117(I)/2004) is a fine up to CY£500 (€ 855) and/or imprisonment up to 6 months.

Infringement of article 3 The penalty according to the Dangerous Substances Laws of

1991 to 2002 (Law N. 199/1991, Law 27(I)/1997, Law 81(I)/2002 and Law 194(I)/2004) is

a fine up to CY£ 10000 (€ 17100) and / or imprisonment up to two years.

Infringement of article 5: There are no stockpiles in Cyprus of any substances listed in

Annex I or II except those equipment containing PCBs all of which have been identified

and registered. The Government of Cyprus is preparing a plan for the management of

equipment containing PCBs. This plan is expected to be ready by the end of 2006. Any

infringement of this article is covered by the Solid and Hazardous Wastes Law of 2002

(Law N.215(I)/2002) and the penalty is up to CY£ 20000 (€ 34200) and/or imprisonment

up to three years.

Infringement of article 6: Regarding minimization of the substances listed in Annex III of

the Regulation, according to the Atmospheric Pollution Control Law of 2002 (Law N.

187(I)/2002) emission limits can be set for various industrial sources. The penalties for

any infringements according to this Law are up to CY£ 20000 (€ 34200) and / or

imprisonment of up to two years.

Infringement of article 7: Infringements of this article are dealt by the Atmospheric

Pollution Control Law of 2002 and the Solid and Hazardous Waste Law of 2002. The

penalties provided for by these laws have been given above.

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1.11.3 Rules on penalties in Czech Republic

Penalty in accordance with Act No. 185/2001 Coll., on Waste Management, as

amended:

§ 66 par. (3): 10,000,000 CZK (EUR 359,0661) shall be imposed by the Czech Environmental

Inspectorate or District Authority for non-compliance of the companies with the

other measures of the Act on Waste

§ 66 par. (4): 50,000,000 CZK (EUR 1,795,332) shall be imposed by the Czech

Environmental Inspectorate for non-compliance of the companies with the

other measures of the Act on Waste

Penalty in accordance with Act No. 356/2003 Coll., on Chemicals and Chemical

Substances, as amended:

§ 39b par. (4), letter b) : 5,000,000 CZK (EUR 179,533) shall be imposed by the Czech

Environmental Inspectorate or the Customs Office for illegal

production, import or distribution of POPs.

1.11.4 Rules on penalties in France

Substance Placing on the market and use

Aldrine Interdiction (décret 92-1074)

Sanction : deux ans d'emprisonnement et 75,000 Euro d'amende (article L521-21 du code de l‟environnement)

Chlordane

Dieldrine

Endrine

Heptachlore

Hexachlorobenzene

Interdiction en tant qu‟antisalissure (décret 92-1074)

Sanction : deux ans d'emprisonnement et 75 000 Euro d'amende (article L521-21 du code de l‟environnement)

+

Interdiction de mise sur le marché et de l'importation, à destination du public (Arrêté du 7 août 1997)


Mirex

Interdiction de mise sur le marché et d‟utilisation (Code rural L253-1)

Sanction :deux ans d'emprisonnement et 75 000 Euro d'amende (article L253-17 du code rural) pour la mise sur le marché, 6 mois d'emprisonnement et 30

000 Euro d'amende (article L253-17 du code rural) pour l‟utilisation

Toxaphène (camphéchlore)


Sanction : deux ans d'emprisonnement et 75 000 Euro d'amende (article L521-

1 27.85 CZK = 1 EUR

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21 du code de l‟environnement)

Délivrance et emploi interdit en agriculture (arrêté du 3 juillet 1990, modifiant l‟arrêté du 5 juillet 1982)

Sanction :deux ans d'emprisonnement et 75 000 Euro d'amende pour la mise sur le marché, 6 mois d‟emprisonnement et 30 000 Euro d'amende pour

l‟usage (article L253-17 du code rural)

PCB

Interdiction (décret 87-59)


Obligation de traitement des déchets en installations agréées (décret 87-59)

Sanction = deux ans d'emprisonnement et de 75 000 Euro d'amende (article L541-46 du code de l‟environnement)

DDT



Interdiction pour la destruction des parasites et animaux nuisibles (arrêté du 18 août 1987)

Table 1-43: Penalties related to the EU POP Regulation in France

1.11.5 Rules on penalties in Italy


Sanzioni previste per l'immissione in commercio,

la vendita, l'uso e la detenzione di scorte di

prodotti fitosanitari

Art. 23 del Decreto Legislativo n°194

Prison up to 1 year and fine of 7500 to 45000 for putting on the market and use of banned

plant protection products

Sanzioni previste per l'immissione in commercio

e l'uso di scorte di preparati pericolosi (Art. 3)

Art. 24 del Decreto Legislativo n°194

Prison up to 1 year and fine of 7500 to 45000 € for the producer of substances which produce or

emit non-permitted substances

Sanzioni previste per l'immissione in commercio

e l'uso di scorte di preparati pericolosi (Art. 5)

Articolo 3 del Decreto del Presidente della Repubblica n° 904

Prison up to 1 year and fine of 500 to 2500 € for putting on the market and use of dangerous

substances and products

Sanzioni previste sulla detenzione di scorte di PCB e la gestione delle medesime come rifiuti

Art. 10 del Decreto Legislativo n° 209

Holders of PCB containing equipment which did not or did not completely notify their appliances

are punished with an administrative fine of 2.500 to 15.000 €

i detentori che non garantiscano, prima della consegna dei PCB, dei PCB usati e degli apparecchi contenenti PCB ad un'impresa

autorizzata, che siano osservate le condizioni di massima sicurezza ed in particolare che siano

prese tutte le misure necessarie per evitare

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rischi di incendio e che i PCB, i PCB usati e gli apparecchi contenenti PCB siano tenuti isolati

da qualsiasi prodotto infiammabile, e' punito con la pena dell'arresto da tre mesi ad un anno e

con l'ammenda da 1.250 a 12.500 €

chiunque effettui la separazione dei PCB dalle altre sostanze a scopi di recupero e riutilizzo dei PCB medesimi e lo smaltimento in discarica di PCB e di PCB usati (ad esclusione del deposito

sotterraneo sicuro e situato in profondita' localizzato in una formazione rocciosa asciutta

e esclusivamente per apparecchi contenenti PCB e PCB usati che non possono essere

decontaminati) e' punito con la pena dell'arresto da sei mesi a due anni e con l'ammenda da

2.500 a 25.000 euro

Sanzioni previste riguardo la gestione dei rifiuti contenenti POPs (Art. 7)

dell‟art. 256 del Decreto Legislativo n.

152

Prison of 6 month to 2 years or with fine of 2600 € to 26000 € it it is hazardous waste such as

POP waste

1-44: Penalties related to the EU POP Regulation in Italy

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1.11.6 Rules on penalties in Poland

Pursuant to the provisions of the Act of 11 January 2001 on Substances and Chemical

Preparations (DzU of 2001, No 11, item. 84, as amended) penalties in the form of fines,

liberty restrictions or imprisonment up to 2 years are imposed on those who:

despite the decision of the Inspector for Substances and Chemical Preparations place on

the market substances or preparations that pose unacceptable threat to human health or

to the environment, or do not comply with the provisions laid down in the decision

concerning marketing conditions (Art. 34),

export articles or chemicals, including POPs specified in Annex I of Regulation (EC) No

850/2004 (Art. 34 b par. 1).

According to the provisions of the Act of 27 April 2001 – Environmental Protection Law (DzU

of 2006, No 129, item 902, as amended) penalties in the form of imprisonment, restrictions of

liberty or fines are imposed on those who:

violate the ban on the placing on the market or reuse of substances posing particular

threat to the environment – such a status has been given, inter alia, to PCBs, aldrin,

dieldrin, endrin and DDT (Art. 344);

do not decontaminate or dispose of installations or equipment in which substances

posing particular environmental threat were used historically or are still used, or in which

they were likely to have been used (Art. 345).

The Act – Environmental Protection Law (Art. 298) recognizes administrative penalties in the

form of fines, inter alia, applicable to infringements of the conditions set for making use of the

environment that are laid down in integrated permits or in permits for discharging

wastewaters into water bodies or to the ground, including the violation of the ban for

discharging there wastewaters containing PCBs and DDT (Art. 41 of the Act – Water Law).

The Voivodship Inspector for Environmental Protection, pursuant to the provisions of the Act

of 27 April 2001 – Environmental Protection Law, may through his decision suspend

operation of an installation or facility:

in cases where substances are released into the environment by an entity that is making

use of the environment without a required permit, or is violating its conditions (Art. 367

par. 1),

which is operating without a required integrated permit (Art. 365 par. 1 point 1);

that has been violating the conditions of an integrated permit for over a period exceeding

6 months (Art. 365 par. 1 point 2).

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Specification Unit

[price per weight]

Charges Fines

2004 2007 2004 2007

1) substances released into the air:

PCDD/PCDF

PLN/kg

286.39

305.88

Unit fines that are imposed are 10 times the unit charge rate for releasing air pollutants

PCB 143.19 152.53

PAH 1.09 1.16

2) substances in wastewaters discharged to water bodies and to the ground:

PCB or HCH, or HCB, or DDT or

insecticides belonging to chlorinated

hydrocarbons

PLN/kg 895.13 1039.83

3) landfilling waste, soil, ground, oil and equipment containing PCBs

PLN/Mg 124.33 132.43 Unit fines imposed for every day of landfilling waste amounted to 12.43 and 13.24 in 2004 and 2007, respectively.

Table 1-45: Overview on established fines related to POP in Poland

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1.11.7 Rules on penalties in Slovenia

Slovenia; details on provisions for penalties

(1) A legal person shall be fined with the penalty from 12.518,78 Euro to 41.729,26 Euro for

following violations:

1. The production, placing on the market and use of substances listed in Annex I,

whether on their own, in preparations or as constituents of articles, except in the cases

from Article 4 of the Regulation 850/2004/EC;

2. Not managing with a stockpile which consists of or contains any substance listed in

Annex I or Annex II, either contain substances for which no use is permitted, as waste

and in accordance with Article 7 of the Regulation 850/2004/EC;

3. Not using the stockpile or not managing with it, on the manner prescribed in Article 5 of

the Regulation 850/2004/EC;

4. Disposal or recovery operations that may lead to recovery, recycling, reclamation or re-

use of the substances listed in Annex IV;

(2) A legal person shall be fined with the penalty from 4.172,93 Euro to 12.518,78 Euro for a

violation, if he does not provide to the ministry, competent for the chemicals, with information

concerning the nature and size of that stockpile, if the stockpile is greater than 50 kg, and

consisting of or containing any substance listed in Annex I or Annex II, either contain

substances, which use is permitted, and its location is on the territory of the Republic of

Slovenia.

(3) For a violation from the first and the second paragraph of this article, shall be also fined a

individual sole trader, with the penalty from 2.086,46 Euro to 6.259,39 Euro.


responsible person of the legal person and responsible person of the individual sole trader,

with the penalty from 166,92 Euro to 1.669,17 Euro.


individual person, with the penalty from 83,46 Euro to 625,94 Euro.

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1.11.8 Rules on penalties in according to NIPs

Member State Rules on penalties in case of violation according to NIPs

Bulgaria Introduction of penalties is planned within the framework of an ESM plan for PCB and PCB waste (p. 182). No further information

Czech Republic No information

Cyprus No information

Denmark No information

Finland No information

France Information is given for penalties for violation of the rules of the Action Plan on PCB containing equipment. No further data

Germany Information given on the possibility for authorities to issue fines under national legislation (p. 7, footnote c). No further details.

Latvia No information

Lithuania Penalties for the improper treatment of the hazardous waste (including POPs) in LT were tighten up; no further data

Netherlands No information

Romania Penalties (no further information) are planned; No information on existing penal instruments

Slovakia No information

Spain No information

Sweden An environmental penalty charge must be paid by a business operator who in the conduct of commercial operations neglects regulations issued under the Environmental Code, violates a permit or condition or commences an activity that requires a permit or is subject to a duty to give notice without such permit or notice. The charge shall be imposed even if the violation has not occurred intentionally or by carelessness. The charge range from SEK 1 000 to SEK 1 000 000. However, the charge does not prevent the imposition of a penalty for the criminal activity. The supervisory authority decides on the environmental penalty charge. The decision may be appealed against to the environmental court. Even if the decision is appealed against it may be enforced. (p. 33)

UK No information

Table 1-46: Overview on information on rules on penalties in case of violation according to NIPs

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1.11.9 Measures for stockpiles and waste management according to NIPs

Member State Actions concerning stockpiles and waste management according to NIPs

Bulgaria Environmentally sound storage and reduction of obsolete pesticides stockpiles. A number of concrete measures is presented in NIP p. 22, p. 177-178. Handling, collecting, repacking, transporting and storing in an environmentally sound manner of obsolete pesticides in newly constructed or repaired centralized and municipal storages facilities. Development of a long-term business plan for gradual disposal of POPs and obsolete pesticides currently in long-term storage and site remediation. Removal and disposal abroad of 2308 t of „unknown“ obsolete pesticides, stored in 477 unrepaired in-use warehouses and site remediation, if international funding is provided; Removal and partial disposal of obsolete pesticides, identified as consisting of or contaminated with POPs abroad, if international funding is provided; Gradual disposal of obsolete pesticides stockpiles currently in long-term storage and site remediation.

Czech Republic Short term goal: Update the inventory of old ecological burdens and of contaminated sites and report new information into the database. information system on old environmental burdens (SESEZ)

Cyprus At present, the hazardous wastes are either securely stored at various locations or exported from Cyprus for treatment abroad, according to international Conventions, rules and standards.

Denmark Assessment of PCB content in building to decide on further steps; ongoing effort to decouple economic growth and waste generation; further effortws to limit PVC content in waste; Decision on treatment of flue gas purification waste residues.

Finland FI will assess the possibility of carrying out a systematic survey of POPs releases from high risk municipal and industrial landfills, with measures taken to prevent these releases as necessary. Inventories of current and earlier waste flows containing POPs will be improved

France Action Plan on PCB including waste management given as Annex 1 to NIP

Germany The obligations pursuant to Article 6 of the Convention have been fully implemented in DE. (p. 23) Priorities for action in the field of waste management are (1) electrical cable insulation made of recycled plastic were tests have shown that PCB concentrations in the materials are not dropping to the extent hoped for. Ways of separating out plastics contaminated with PCBs on the basis of the current limit value of 50 ppm has thus been shown to be not sufficiently effective. Germany will therefore advocate that this limit value be lowered. (2) In a national working group made up of representatives from federal and state agencies “BLAC-AK – technical issues and implementation” a PCB concentration of 5 ppm was discussed as a limit value “unintentional” trace contaminants. The current proposal recommends that this value should not be exceeded in electronic/electrical cable insulation waste. Otherwise the waste would have to be separated out and irreversibly destroyed.

Latvia Measures in the Action Plan attached to NIP (p. 60) include the collection of POPs pesticides at Gardene and Kņava hazardous waste disposals and their destruction in an environmentally sound manner. The timely and safe destruction of PCB containing waste shall be ensured.

Lithuania Improve management of the inventoried obsolete pesticides (including POPs pesticides) waste that was not included in the pesticide management program for 2002-2005 (p. 63)

Netherlands NIP states that there are no stocks of POPs left in NL (p. 16). The waste prevention and waste management policy is included in the National Waste Management Plan 2002-2012. The Environmental Management Act obliges the Minister of VROM to draw up this plan at least once every four years. Every government body must take the LAP into account when exercising its authority in respect of waste. This means that the national government, the provinces and the municipalities are bound to adhere to the plan. The policy framework forms part 1 of the LAP and contains the outlines of the policy. Among other things, the policy framework deals with the general starting points, targets, international aspects, organisation, imports and exports, the individual links in the chain (prevention, waste separation, collection, mixing, recovery and disposal), monitoring, enforcement and implementation. The policy for a number of individual POPs is given shape in the LAP in a number of individual sectoral plans, i.e. sectoral plan 6, which concerns waste incineration residues (dioxins) and sectoral plan 24, which concerns PCB-containing waste

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Member State Actions concerning stockpiles and waste management according to NIPs

Romania Elimination of the existing pesticides stockpiles and wastes is considered to be on the first place on the priority list of actions in NIP.

The measures to be taken include to apply BAT and BEP, to continuously identify products and articles in use and wastes consisting of or containing chemicals listed in Annexes A, B or C of SC and to completely phase-out of existing stockpiles of substances presumed/identified to be POPs and Fiscal instruments to encourage ecological products (p. 113)

Slovakia The following measures are listed in the NIP: Tracing the stored POPs pesticide and PCB stockpiles (spare fills) in order to ensure their storage till their destruction and further destruction by environmentally sound way; securing environmentally sound destruction of POPs pesticides in SK territory, with application of BAT/BEP; choosing appropriate technology for PCB containing waste destruction; preparing and performing information campaign for public awareness raising, but mostly appropriate training of employees performing control of obsolete pesticides stockpiles and wastes in agricultural sector (p. 104)

Spain Continuous destruction, remediation of hot spots

Promote separate collection and separation of biowaste fraction and gas management

Enforce annual destruction rates, notification of remaining stockpiles and equipment

Provide sufficient safe destruction capacity

Treatment methods other than incineration and co-incineration have been identified for MSW, sewage sludge, health care waste, industrial oils and solvents

Sweden There are no known large stockpiles or wastes containing Annex A POPs pesticides. Remaining stockpiles are to be found in private households and small enterprises such as farms. (p. 80)

UK At the time of writing the NIP, EU POP Regulation Annex V values were in draft form and subject to change. However, the derogations are only to be used by Member States in exceptional cases. It is current UK Government policy that no waste should be exported from the UK for disposal. In addition, those dealing with waste consisting of, or containing or contaminated with POPs will be subject to the other waste controls, as appropriate, such as duty of care and controls for hazardous waste.

Table 1-47: Overview on actions concerning stockpiles and waste management as specified in NIPs

In addition Belgium reports in its Article 15 report on a strategy for release reduction from products and waste in Flanders, by implementation of

regional limit values for PCB if used as soil improver/fertilizer (Σ7 PCB 0,8 mg/kg and ≤ 1,6 g/ha/a) or as secondary raw material in building

material (0,5 mg/d.m.).

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1.11.10 Other issues according to NIPs

Member State Priorities in NIP

Bulgaria During the NIP development process, the following 10 priorities of national significance among POPs categories were identified:

1. Development and enforcement of plan for environmentally sound management stockpiles and wastes in order to reduce/eliminate obsolete pesticides, containing/contaminated with POPs;

2. Development of plan for identifying and remediation of contaminated sites.

3. Development of strategy for identification, marking and step-by-step phase-out of use of PCBs operating equipment;

4. Development of an action plan for safe storage and environmentally sound disposal of equipment and oils, containing PCBs;

5. Development an action plan for reduction/elimination of releases from unintentional production (D/Fs, HCB and PCBs);

6. Evaluation of negative POPs impacts on human health and monitoring of POPs levels in humans and the environment;

7. Encourage and support research on POPs effect on humans and the environment;

8. Promote and facilitate public awareness raising with regard to POPs;

9. Endeavour to secure financial resources for implementation NIP measures by attracting investments from international finance institutions and donors.

10. NIP integration in the existing National Environmental and Sectoral policies (p. 171)

Cyprus Suitable emission factors particularly for HCB; Elimination of open burning of waste; central waste management facility Timetable:

Permitting of industrial installations started and shall be completed I n2007 New sanitary landfills by 2010

Ban for burning of agricultural waste in place

Central waste management facility by 2010

Denmark Further reduction of unintentional releases, improved inventories, identification of new POPs, assessment of impacts on health and environment namely in the artic environment

Finland Priority concerns related to chemicals are handled within the ongoing National Chemicals Program. In the program several surveys for the possible concerns for the use or release of chemicals are figured out. These surveys concentrate on five topics: 1) Amounts of chemicals used and marketed in Finland; 2) Risks of chemicals to health; 3) Chemical risks at work; 4) Emissions of harmful substances from processes and incineration; 5) Chemical emissions from products – assessment and reduction of environmental. (p. 27)

Germany Further identification of POPs within the framework of the authorization procedure of the new REACH system.

Evaluation of retrospective POPs concentration trends (geographical and over time) by the operation of a comprehensive Environmental Specimen Bank. Harmonizing methods for calculating TEQs for dioxins and furans by adopting as standard the calculation method for toxicity equivalents for PCDDs/PCDFs used by the WHO. The work in the BAT/BEP working group will continue to ensure the ongoing development of the guidelines on best available techniques. Implement the action plan for phasing out the use of smoke munitions, which cause PCDDs/PCDFs and HCB to be formed when they are fired. Priority concerns related to chemicals are handled within the ongoing National Chemicals Program. In the program several surveys for the possible concerns for the use or release of chemicals are figured out. These surveys concentrate on five topics: 1) Amounts of chemicals used and marketed in Finland; 2) Risks of chemicals to health; 3) Chemical risks at work; 4) Emissions of harmful substances from processes and incineration; 5) Chemical emissions from products – assessment and reduction of environmental. (p. 27). As regards POPs wastes, ways of separating out plastics contaminated with PCBs on the basis of the current limit value of 50 ppm has thus been shown to be not sufficiently effective. DE will therefore advocate that this limit value be lowered.

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Further priorities comprise research, public information and monitoring. (p. 39)

Latvia The priorities of national significance between the various POPs categories were defined at a workshop held on January 22-23, 2004 on Defining of the national priorities on POPs. The workshop was attended by participants from 30 different state institutions, NGOs, scientific research institutions and

enterprises. Within the priority setting process discussions were held on various POPs issues, including the significance and potential impact of POPs polluted sites on human health in Latvia; the quantity of PCB waste and equipment, management and potential spills; POPs emissions, their toxicity and instances of limit exceedance; legislative requirements regulated by Latvian and EU legislation, etc. As a result of the discussions, it was agreed to define the following priorities among POPs categories: Priority 1 . PCB containing waste and equipment; Priority 2 . POPs emissions; Priority 3 . POPs pesticides. (p. 53)

Romania Table 3.1 (p. 98) lists the strategic key objectives. As “Priority key objective”, the following issues are identified:

Key-Objective 1: To eliminate pesticides stockpiles and wastes

Key-Objective 2: To eliminate existing stocks of PCBs

Key-Objective 3: To eliminate not identified POPs (presumed to be POPs)

Key-Objective 4: To prohibit the production of POPs and other substances that might be included on the POPs list in the future

Key-Objective 5: To strive for the sustainable development of ecological agriculture

Key-Objective 6: To enhance the production and use of “cleaner“ and more economical substances to be used for fighting disease vectors and/or arthropods causing discomfort

Key-Objective 7: To improve environmental performance in the energy sector

Key-Objective 8: To improve environmental performance in the transportation sector

Key-Objective 9: To improve transportation management in the urban sector

Key-Objective 10: To improve environmental performance in the industrial sector

Key-Objective 11: To reduce POPs emission nuisance from waste incinerators

Slovakia 1. Appropriate capacity strengthening of institutions that are active in EEC and international agreements as well as EU requirements implementation in the following issues:

a) ensurance of compatibility of relevant legal instruments

b) implementation of harmonised procedures and institutional mechanisms for assessment of effectiveness and non-compliance

c) introduction of harmonised monitoring and reporting

d) support to gradual implementation of best techniques and best environment procedures for decreased releases of unintentionally produced POPs

e) co-ordination of technical development and research in substitute chemicals

f) assessment of new chemicals from their persistence point of view

g) introduction of harmonised procedures of amendment of POPs lists in the Convention annexes

h) elaboration of harmonised methodology for updating of NIPs to Stockholm Convention

i) environmentally sound handling with POPs wastes, i.e. wastes comprising, containing or being contaminated by POPs by experts preparing manuals for environmentally sound management of these waste under Basel Convention agenda

j) co-operation with experts involved in Rotterdam Convention agenda

2. destruction of PCB and PCB containing wastes by environmentally sound manner,

3. destruction of obsolete POPs pesticide stockpiles appearing on SR territory as

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„historical waste“ resulting from socialistic agriculture in the past,

4. decontamination of PCB containing sediments from recipients and surrounding soil as

result of abandoned PCB production in Chemko Stráţske,

5. investigative research of POPs contaminated areas and their decontamination,

6. raising of public environmental awareness,

7. research and development in POPs management issues. (p. 138)

Spain Inventory, alternatives, monitoring, information and education; Enhance and extend measurements of POP emissions from various sources to establish emission factors for Spain for all sectors

Sweden focus of action plan on diffuse sources, closing of knowledge gaps, improved self-monitoring, reduced costs for sampling and analysis, release reduction in metallurgical industry; development of processes and technologies to reduce POP formation, reduction of domestic waste combustion and landfill fires by educational measures and guidelines

Table 1-48: Overview on priorities in NIPs in EU Member States

Member State Check of policy effectiveness according to NIPs

Cyprus Cyprus will contribute towards the effectiveness of the Convention by providing data to the Secretariat based on experiences and knowledge that will be acquired during the implementation stage. In addition, Cyprus will organize special workshops every 5 years for the evaluation of the implementation and the effectiveness of the Stockholm Convention.

Denmark evaluation of policy effectiveness ( major past initiatives are flue gas treatment, exhaust gas cleaning, mandatory separation of PCB containing capacitors in ELV, ban for PCP, ban of domestic waste burning, limit for PVC burning, requirement of BAT for industrial sources, Statutory Order for waste for domestic sector, emission limits, ban of leaded gasoline, PCB ban, labeling of domestic stoves,)

Waiting for decisions taken by Convention Conference; If required additional monitoring will be installed

Finland Finland will participate actively in the development of the environmental monitoring needed to assess the effectiveness of the Stockholm Convention (p. 23). The strategies contained in the National Action Plan (NAP) and their success in meeting the obligations shall be reviewed every five years (p. 28)

France The NIP shall be revised if substantial decisions (such as amendment of new substances to the Annexes, adoption of Guidance Documents) are taken by the Conference of the Parties, the European Union or the French Government. (p. 8) No information is given on an assessment of the effectiveness of the policy.

Germany Building on measurements of concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBs in breast milk samples collected during surveys carried out from 1987 to 2003, a further campaign is to be launched to acquire the data needed to predict trends over time for these substances. The samples needed will be collected by the University Clinic in Münster. The findings will also make a contribution to the evaluation of the effectiveness of the Stockholm Convention required by Article 16 of Convention to be carried out for the first time in 2008.

Latvia The NIP must be regularly reviewed based on to the requirements of the Stockholm Convention, as well as the amendments that need to be introduced according to COP requirements. It is useful to review the NIP within the task schedule for the implementation of the state objectives, i.e. in 2010, 2015 and 2020, and make the necessary amendments to ensure compliance with the terms of the NIP tasks. There may be additional cases, where the NIP should be reviewed and expanded. These cases are as follows: § New CCP requirements that are not included in the existing NIP;

1) Addition of new substances to the annex of the Stockholm Convention and Aarhus

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Member State Check of policy effectiveness according to NIPs

Protocol; 2) Proposals raised by interested national stakeholders;3) Other changes that directly affect the implementation of the NIP and its contents. In addition to the situations mentioned above, the NIP may also be amended in cases where there are national conditions affecting the implementation or contents of the NIP, for example, a change of the current institutional system, amendments to the legislation, the pre-term completion of NIP tasks and other cases where it may be necessary to review and amend the NIP to reflect the actual situation. (p. 57)

Action Plan 13 foresees the evaluation of the effectiveness of the SC with main tasks being “Implement the measures defined by the Conference of the Parties for comparative monitoring data” (p. 86).

Lithuania The NIP implementation is divided into 3 time-periods or phases, corresponding to short-, medium- and long-term NIP actions. The reasoning behind this division is to show the priority or urgency of the action, the inter-linkages or preparatory nature of the action to a larger intervention, and most importantly, to divide the NIP into stages so that the success of its implementation and effectiveness can be periodically reviewed. The short-term period is 1-3 years (2006-2008), the average term – 4-6 years (2009-2011) and the long-term period – 7-10 years (2012-2015) from the adoption of the NIP. The review mechanism, both when it comes to the evaluation of the completion of planned action, their costeffectiveness and effectiveness to reduce the risk and decrease the levels of POPs in food and the environment has been developed along these timelines.

The POPs NIP, like all action plans, should be accompanied by a proper follow-up in order to gauge the effectiveness of the measures. The institutions in charge of the implementation of measures will prepare the review reports on the measures undertaken, which will include the description and the results of the NIP measures. The Ministry of Environment will oversee the implementation of the NIP actions and will assess the review reports prepared by the responsible institutions. In parallel with the implementation of the measures laid down in the NIP the changes of POPs concentration in the environment will be determined. In the event that the effectiveness evaluation shows that POPs risk has not been sufficiently reduced, further POPs action or refinement of existing action and approaches may be introduced. It is foreseen that an effectiveness evaluation would take place after short- and medium-term phases before moving to medium and long-term NIP action respectively.

Romania A special attention as regards the effectiveness evaluation is given to evaluate the effects of laws and policies relating to the management of POP releases from industrial processes. The effectiveness of Stockholm Convention is to be evaluated in accordance to the Secretariat requirements, but once per year for effects of management of POP releases from industrial processes. (p. 136)

Slovakia A special attention as regards the effectiveness evaluation is given to evaluate the effects of laws and policies relating to the management of POP releases from industrial processes. The effectiveness of Stockholm Convention is to be evaluated in accordance to the Secretariat requirements, but once per year for effects of management of POP releases from industrial processes. (p. 136)

Spain Review in regular intervals (no period given)

Sweden Annual progress report every year, in-depth evaluation every 5 years; www.miljomal.nu

UK The success of the UK Dioxins Action Plan will be evaluated. Further reductions in emissions of dioxins, PCBs and HCB will be monitored through the Toxic Organic Micro-Pollutants (TOMPS) air monitoring programme. Current emission trends will be compared with those detected in 2011 in order to review success of UK policy to control the unintentionally released POPs and in put into a review of the Plan in 2011. (p. 9)

Table 1-49: Overview on measures established in NIPs to check the effectiveness of taken measures