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Annex 3 Soil Erosion Control Plan

Overall Arrangement for Soil Erosion Control

The overall erosion control measures shall be determined for each protection zone according to the principles of the arrangement of erosion control. The overall layout of erosion control measures for the full line is shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Overall Layout of Soil Erosion Control Measures along the New Rapid Railway from Zhangjiakou to Hohhot

Control zones

Control objects

Conservation and prevention measures

Hilly area

Subgrade works

Subgrade slope

Retaining wall shall be located by using frame bolt and shaller to protect the deep cutting. Frame slope protection and vegetation measures shall be combined to protect subgrade slope, with vegetation measures mainly being slope shrubs, planting shrubs and grasses within the frame, etc.; and engineering measures are frame slope protection with water cut-off and drainage channels, mortar rubble slope protection and subgrade drainage works, etc.

Both sides of subgrade

Mainly plant-based measures, with shrubs inside and trees outside, and natural recovery of both sides of the subgrade shall be paid attention to.

Subgrade stripped topsoil

Temporary protective measures shall be taken on the temporary stockpiling field of the stripped topsoil in the subgrade.

Station

Station

Engineering measures are mainly station slope protection and drainage works; plant measures are landscaping design combining trees, shrubs, flowers and grass to beautify the environment and improve soil and water conservation.

Stripped topsoil in the station

Temporary protective measures shall be taken on the temporary stockpiling field of stripped topsoil in the station site.

Bridge and culvert works

Bridge and culvert

Mortar rubble slope shall be used for the bridge cone slope and river bank; cofferdam shall be set up and removed, and temporary protective measures shall be strengthened.

Tunnel

Tunnel

Mortar rubble masonry shall be used for the side invert slope and gutter in the tunnel entrance, and water cut-off and drainage measures shall be taken.

Earth-fetching field


When the construction is completed, protection measures to spread grass seed and plant shrubs shall be taken, and temporary protective measures shall be strengthened for the stripped topsoil on the earth-fetching field.

Spoil (ballast) field


Engineering measures and plant measures shall be combined. Retaining walls and drains shall be installed, and topsoil cover measures shall be taken; grass seed shall be spread or shrubs be planted for natural recovery of spoil (ballast) body; and temporary protective measures shall be enhanced for spoil, and stripped topsoil in the disposable ballast.

Construction sidewalk


It shall be remained for local use or maintenance of roads according to the actual situation. The sidewalk which is not used shall be cleaned up and leveled when the construction is finished, and grass seeds shall be spread for natural recovery.

Production and living area in construction

Construction site, camp

After the construction, the garbage site and hardening space shall be cleaned, and the surface shall be leveled; plant recovery measures shall be taken according to the actual situation.

Plain area

Subgrade works

Subgrade slope

Frame slope protection and plant measures shall be combined for the slope protection of the subgrade, with plant measures being shrubs planted at the slope, shrubs planted in the frame and seeding grass, etc. and engineering measures being frame slope protection with water cut-off and drainage channels, mortar rubble slope protection and subgrade drainage works.

Both sides of subgrade

Mainly plant-based measures, with shrubs inside and trees outside, and natural recovery of both sides of the subgrade shall be paid attention to.

Subgrade stripped topsoil

Temporary protective measures shall be taken on the temporary stockpiling field of the stripped topsoil in the subgrade.

Station

Station

Engineering measures are mainly station slope protection and drainage works; plant measures are landscaping design combining trees, shrubs, flowers and grass to beautify the environment and improve soil and water conservation.

Stripped topsoil in the station

Temporary protective measures shall be taken on the temporary stockpiling field of stripped topsoil in the station site.

Bridge and culvert works

Bridge and culvert

Mortar rubble slope shall be used for the bridge cone slope and river bank; cofferdam shall be set up and removed, and temporary protective measures shall be strengthened.

Tunnel

Tunnel

Mortar rubble masonry shall be used for the side invert slope and gutter in the tunnel entrance, and water cut-off and drainage measures shall be taken.



When the construction is completed, protection measures to spread grass seed and plant shrubs shall be taken, and temporary protective measures shall be strengthened for the stripped topsoil on the earth-fetching field.



Engineering measures and plant measures shall be combined. Retaining walls and drains shall be installed, and topsoil cover measures shall be taken; grass seed shall be spread or shrubs be planted for natural recovery of spoil (ballast) body; and temporary protective measures shall be enhanced for spoil, and stripped topsoil in the disposable ballast.



It shall be remained for local use or maintenance of roads according to the actual situation. The sidewalk which is not used shall be cleaned up and leveled when the construction is finished, and grass seeds shall be spread for natural recovery.



After the construction, the garbage site and hardening space shall be cleaned, and the surface shall be leveled; plant recovery measures shall be taken according to the actual situation.

Frame slope protection and plant measures shall be combined for the slope protection of the subgrade, with plant measures being shrubs planted at the slope, shrubs planted in the frame and seeding grass, etc. and engineering measures being frame slope protection with water cut-off and drainage channels, mortar rubble slope protection and subgrade drainage works.

Subgrade Protection Measures2.1 Subgrade Protection

To reduce soil erosion resulted from subgrade filling and excavation and to ensure the safety of the subgrade project, the line of subgrade has been reinforced and appropriate measures such as retaining wall protection, slope protection by framework or mortar rubble revetment, arched or square slope, planted tank, and new soil grass have been take based on the characteristics of subgrade in different segments. In addition, appropriate drainage system has been designed.

(1) General subgrade slope protection

If the height of the subgrade slope <3.0m, hollow bricks with new soil grass and planted shrubs shall be used; if the height of the slope≥ 3.0m, a layer of two-way geogrid with a limit tensile strength of not less than 25.0kN/m shall be laid every a filling of 0.6m within the width of 3.0m at the outer section of the slope, C25 concrete hollow brick with new soil grass + planted shrubs in water disconnection framework shall be used for slope protection. The main frame shall be 0.6m thick, and C25 concrete masonry shall be used for the water disconnection tank. The interface between the subgrade surface drainage and slope drainage shall be paid attention to. Three-dimensional ecological bags may be considered for the protection of city road segments, scenic areas and ecologically sensitive areas. If the slope of the subgrade height is greater than 8.0m, a different slope rate shall be taken according to the filling height. It is 1:1.5 for the slope of 0 ~ 8.0m, 1:1.75 for the slope of 8.0 ~ 12.0m, and 1:2.0 for the slope below 12 m; and a 2.0m wide platform will be located at 12.0m for the slope. New soil grass and planted shrubs in the hollow bricks in C25 concrete arch water disconnection frame will be used for the slope of 0 ~ 12.0m under the shaller, and dry stone revetment or prefabricated solid block revetment will be used for the side slope below 12.0m.

(2) High subgrade slope protection

If the slope height exceeds 12m, the slope rate is 1:1.5 for 0 ~ 8.0m, 1:1.75 for 8.0 ~12.0m, 1:2.0 for the height below 12 m. A 2.0m-wide platform will be located at 12.0m for the slope. New soil grass and planted shrubs in the hollow bricks in C25 concrete arch water disconnection frame will be used for the slope of 0 ~ 12.0m under the shaller, and dry stone revetment or prefabricated solid block revetment will be used for the side slope below 12.0m. C25 concrete or rubble foot wall of concrete will be positioned at the slope. Gravity retaining wall may be located at some high-fill subgrades with less arable land to reduce the use of farmland.

(3) General graben slope protection

1） For the cutting slope of general clay and all-weathered layer, if the height of the slope is less than 3.0m, hollow bricks with new soil grass and planted shrubs shall be used for protection; if the height is equal to or greater than 3.0m, hollow bricks with new soil grass and planted shrubs in C25 concrete water disconnection frame shall be used for protection.

2） For gravel soil, sandy soil cutting slope, hollow bricks with new soil grass and planted shrubs in C25 concrete arched or square grass window shall be used for protection.

3） For strong-weak weathered soft rock cutting slope whose height is less than 8.0m, hollow bricks with new soil grass and planted shrubs in C25 concrete water disconnection frame shall be used for protection; if the height is greater than 8.0m, hollow bricks with new soil grass and planted shrubs in C25 concrete arch or square grass window shall be used for the lower side slope for protection, hollow bricks with new soil grass and planted shrubs in C25 concrete water disconnection frame shall be used for the most upper side slope for protection.

4） For strong-weak weathered hard rock cutting slope, if the slope height is less than 8.0m, hollow bricks with new soil grass and planted shrubs in C25 concrete arch or square grass window shall be used for protection; if the height is greater than 8.0m, hollow bricks with new soil grass and planted shrubs in the retaining wall of C25 concrete hollow window shall be used at the bottom, while hollow bricks with new soil grass + planted shrubs in C25 concrete arched or square grass window shall be used at the upper slope for protection.

Weakly- sligthly hard rock cutting: in general, the height of the slope is controlled within 30.0m, and M10 mortar rubbles will be embedded for the slope. Hollow bricks with new soil grass will be used for the protection in the concrete grass window or anchor rod and cable within the framework.

5） In the lots with absence of A, B group packing, if the cutting soil is sand gravel, hard rock, large platform shall be reserved for the foot and side slope of cutting slope, with one level every 8.0 ~ 10.0m, and the slope rate shall be reduced accordingly. C25 concrete grass window shall be used for the slope protection.

6） The types of water disconnection frame slope protection are arch, herringbone and box types. They shall be used based on the soil quality of the slope and the requirement for erosion prevention combined with landscape demand. The spacing between the main frame and the arch shall be 3.0m. For the general soil and soft rock cutting, the main frame is 0.65m thick, and the supporting frame is 0.4m thick; for very soft rock, red clay, swelling (rock) soil cutting, the main frame is 0.8m thick, and the supporting frame is 0.6m thick.

7） Planting tanks in which japanesecreepers and evergreen low shrubs are planted shall be located at the platform of the side trenches in the cutting where retaining wall, pile wall and protection wall are located and the platform from the flooding closed slope lot to the drainage.

(4) Deep cutting slope protection

If the height of soil and soft rock cutting slope exceeds 12.0m, and of hard rock slope exceeds 20.0m, the deep cutting shall be designed, and reinforced protection works shall be set.

1） Gravity retaining wall shall be used in the close of the slope for soil and completely weathered rock cutting, and the height of the retaining wall shall not exceed 4.0m. The measures of slope protection refer to slope subgrade. If the slope height is greater than 15.0m, stratified excavation shall be considered for hierarchical reinforcement or pre- strengthening of the lowest part of the slope.

2） In the lots where the slope height of soft rock cutting and hard weathered rock cutting is not more than 18.0m and there is no adverse impact on the structure surface, retaining wall, concrete window grass slope and framework anchored rod shall be used for protection. The height of the retaining wall shall not be greater than 6.0m. In the lots where the slope height is greater than 18.0m or there is adverse impact of the structure surface or broken lithology, stratified excavation shall be considered for hierarchy reinforcement or pre- reinforcement of the lowest part of the slope, such as prestressed cables, pre-reinforced piles and sheet pile walls. In general, the height of the slope shall be controlled within 25.0m. As the strata of the hard rock along this line is old, the joints are developed and the rocks are crushing, grass window wall shall be used for the slope or the slope shall be closed.

3） The slope rate for excavation of the cutting slope of weakly–slightly weathered hard rock shall be determined based on rock lithology, degree of weathering, level, geological structure, groundwater and required allocation of earth and stone. If the slope height is not greater than 24.0m and there are no lots with adverse impact on the structure surface, retaining wall, concrete grass window slope, wall and frame anchored rod shall be used for protection, with the height of the retaining wall not greater than 8.0m. If the height of the wall exceeds 6.0m, temporary shotcrete shall be taken for the excavated slope of the back of the wall. If the slope height is greater than 24.0m or there are lots with adverse side effects of structure and broken lithology, stratified excavation shall be considered for hierarchical reinforcement or pre-strengthening of the foot of the slope. The slope height of weak–slight weathered hard rock cutting shall, in general, be controlled within 30.0m. Finishing or pre-split blasting shall be used for the slope within the thickness of 3.0m, and M10 mortar rubbles shall be embedded. Hollow bricks with new soil grass shall be used inside the concrete grass windows or frame anchored rods and cables.

4） Planting tanks in which japanesecreepers and evergreen low shrubs are planted shall be located at the platform of the side trenches in the cutting where retaining wall, pile wall and protection wall are located and the platform from the foot of the flooding closed slope lot to the drainage.

5） In the lots with absence of A, B group packing, if the cutting soil is sand gravel or hard rock, depressed road's extension shall be designed and large platform shall be reserved for the foot and side slope of cutting slope, with one level every 8.0 ~ 10.0m, and the slope rate shall be reduced accordingly. C25 concrete grass window shall be used for the slope protection.

(5) Expansion rock (soil) cutting slope protection

1） The slope design of expansion rock (soil) excavation shall follow the principle of "reduced slope rate, wide platform, reinforced toe, enhanced drainage and appropriate slope protection". The excavation height shall be generally controlled within 15.0m. The rating of the slope height shall not be more than 6.0m. If the slope height of the cutting is less than 10.0m, the slope rate is generally 1:1.75 for weak swelling rock (soil), 1:2.0 for moderate swelling rock (soil), and 1:2.25 - 1:2.5 for strong expansion rock (soil). The width of the slope platform shall not be less than 2.0m for weak expansion rock (soil), and not less than 3.0m for medium and strong expansion rock (soil).

2） If the slope height of the cutting is less than 3.0m, the use of hollow bricks with new soil grass + planted shrubs shall be made for protection; if the slope height is greater than 3.0m but less than 10.0m, the use of hollow bricks with new soil grass and planted shrubs in C25 concrete water disconnection frame (expansion soil) or C25 concrete grass window (expansion rock) shall be made for protection; if the slope height is equal to or greater than 10.0m, a platform in a width of 3.0 ~ 6.0m shall be located at the slope of expansive soil cutting, hollow bricks with new soil grass and planted shrubs in C25 concrete water disconnection frame combined with supporting sewer shall be used for protection; if the slope is equal to or greater than 10.0m, hollow bricks with new soil grass and planted shrubs in framework anchoring rod (or anchoring cable) combined with supporting sewer shall be used for the protection of the slope of expansion rock. The thickness of the main frame of the C25 concrete water disconnection framework shall not be less than 0.8m, and that of the supporting frame shall be 0.6m. The main frame spacing and the spacing between arches is 3.0m.

(6) Loess cutting slope protection

The excavation height of loess cutting slope is commonly controlled within 20.0m. Side-ditch platform in a width of 2.0 ~ 3.0m shall be located at the loess cuttings along the line. M10 cement mortar rubble or concrete solid block masonry shall be used for the platform.

If the cutting slope height H is ≤ 5.0m, concrete hollow bricks with new soil grass and planted shrubs inside shall be used for the slope protection. If the slope height is: 5.0m (7) Cutting of groundwater development

The slope rate shall be reduced by level 1~2 compared with the groundwater undeveloped section. C25 concrete grassed window or C25 concrete arched water disconnection frame + three-dimensional vegetation network solid soil grass + planted shrubs shall be used. The net frame spacing shall be 2.5m and the main frame shall be 0.8m thick. Water disconnection tank shall be reserved at the top, and supporting sewer in a width of 2.0m and a depth of 2.0~2.5m shall be located every 10.0~15.0m. At the junction of permeable and impermeable sections, a slope platform in a width of 3.0 ~ 5.0m shall be located with drainage ditches in it.

(8) Subgrade drainage works1) Surface drainage design

1 Side ditches, gutters, drains or drainage ditches shall be designed by the slope rate of 1/50, and the top shall be 0.2m higher than the designed water level. The longitudinal slope rate shall not be less than 2‰. The cross-section dimension of water surpassing for drainage facilities shall be calculated based on water flow. The connection with subgrade surface drainage, slope drainage and sub drainage systems shall be paid attention to.

2 If the subgrade slope is protected with water disconnection framework, the slope water disconnection tanks on both sides will be the lateral gutters along the subgrade slope. Lateral gutters along the slope shall be located in the lots where C25 precast concrete hollow brick grassed pavement in a depth of 0.2m and a spacing of 10.0m is used.

3 In the lots where cross slope is significant on the subgrade ground, drainage ditches may be located in the top side. If the ground cross slope is not obvious, drainage ditches shall be located on both sides of the subgrade. Drainage plane shall be straight; if a turn is required, its radius shall not be less than 10.0~20.0m, and the length of the gutter shall be determined according to the actual needs. Drains are generally trapezoidal ditches in a bottom width of 0.4m and a depth of 0.6m with a slope rate of 1:1. Cast-in-site C30 reinforced concrete in a thickness of 0.2m shall be used for drainage ditches. The location of drains shall ensure that the water will be led outside the subgrade to prevent it from erosion.

4 C30 reinforced concrete rectangular cover trench shall be used for side ditches in a bottom width of 0.6m, a height of 0.8m, and a thickness of 0.25m. The drains between the lines in a standard spacing shall have a width of 0.4m, a depth of 0.8m, and a thickness of 0.20m in C30 reinforced concrete masonry. Precast C30 reinforced concrete shall be used for the cover of the side ditch. Trapezoidal side ditch shall be used for non easily weathered hard rock cutting, in a bottom width of 0.4m, a depth of not less than 0.6m and a slope rate of 1:1. M10 cement mortar in a thickness of 0.08m shall be used for the surface, and C25 concrete may be used for embedment at local sections.

5 In the lots where cross slope is significant on the subgrade ground, gutters may be located in the top side. If the ground cross slope is not obvious, gutters shall be located on both sides of the subgrade. 0.2m thick in-situ C30 reinforced concrete may be used for the gutters, and M10 mortar rubble shall be used to close the sections from expansive rock (soil), collapsible loess, the top of the bed cutting to the gutter. For the gutter which has the steep slope of the cutting top, rectangular gutter shall be used.

6 0.40m × 0.40m rectangular groove shall be used for the water disconnection ditch at the slope platform for the cutting, and C25 concrete which is used in the slope shall be poured.

7 The anti-slope drainage of the tunnel entrance is based on the rigid transition section of the tunnel road, with the cross section of the ditch at the starting position being 0.4m deep. In the deep cutting and the lot with problems of anti-slope drainage（if the depth of the side ditch is more than 1.50m, and the width more than 0.80m）, and in the valley cutting lots, the addition of culverts and the use of 0.2m thick C30 reinforced concrete drains shall be made to lead the side ditch water out of the subgrade as soon as possible.

2) Base-bed waterproofing and drainage

Collecting well shall be located in the middle of the subgrade for the drainage between the tracks of slab track sections of straight lines and curves lines. The inside diameter of the drainage well is 0.6m, the depth 0.8m, and 0.3m thick cast-in-site C30 reinforced concrete is used. Precast C30 reinforced concrete is used for the cover spaced 50m or so, which are embedded into the drainage channels or side trenches for the slope of subgrade.

3) Groundwater waterproofing and drainage facilities

Drainage facilities such as open ditches, slope support sewers and porous drains shall be located where underground water brings hazards to the subgrade according to its nature and characteristics. Drainage shall be particularly designed for swelling rock (soil) cutting and underground water development cutting.

4) Connection between drainage system and natural system

The drainage system of subgrade main project uses its drains with devices such as wells and settling ponds by being connected to the existing ditches or channels around.

The subgrade slope protection, slope greening measures, drainage works, protective area, quantity and investments of protection, etc taken in the design shall meet water security requirements, and be included in this program investment. For the quantities of soil stripped and corresponding temporary protective measures excluded in the main project list, design will be added to them in the program. Special design of green channel is made for the both sides of the line in the main works, and costs are listed to meet water conservation requirements, but detailed design has not been made in the main engineering. Therefore it is not very targeted and operable, and may not be implemented specifically in the construction process. This soil and water conservation program has detailed design for the greening sections on both sides of the line, and quantities and investment costs of protection works based on sections have been included.

Table 2 Subgrade slope protection measures

No

Landform

Milestone

Administration

Slope protection

3-d ecological slope protection

TGSG25

Fence

Greening protection

Concrete block

Planting pool

Grass

Soils

River locust tree

Creepers

C25Concrete block

C25 concrete

Planting soil

Fertiliezer

Water outlet

3-d slope protection

M type bag

PVC pipe（φ0.05m)

m2

m2

m3

Nr

/

m3

m3

m3

m3

m

m2

Nr

1

Plain

CK000+000~CK002+570

Zhangjiakou

640

170

17

1595

7

2

Plain

CK002+570~CK011+260

Wangquan

26749

5208

521

48879

235

3

Plain

CK011+260~CK068+300

Huai’an

488848

49703

4972

471572

102732

2005

935

3931

393

1868

4

Hills

CK068+300~CK073+310

Shangyi

5

Hills

CK073+310~CK074+560

Xinghe

6

Hills

CK074+560~CK076+900

Shangyi

36

4

342

2

7

Hills

CK076+900~CK124+215

Xinghe

139051

110007

14512

1075442

37444

4789

830

2382

237

1659

19443

136101

8

Hills

CK124+215~CK151+080

Chanyouqianqi

24209

20306

4186

200455

1755

1017

106

309

31

213

9

Plain

CK151+080~CK152+303

Jining

10

Pain

CK152+303~CK160+796

Chayouqianqi

20711

4466

447

41918

177

28292

198044

11

Pain

CK160+796~CK163+498

Jining

7700

2648

265

24855

379

102

47

139

14

95

12

Hills

CK163+498~CK179+317

Chayouqianqi

4673

12000

1201

120208

5000

459

109

347

34

218

13

Hills

CK179+317~CK255+248

Zhuozi

111646

117330

13246

1114323

36806

4794

657

2007

202

1310

16139

114233

14

Hills

CK255+248~CK269+500

Hohhot

55511

27715

3773

262277

8665

1199

166

476

47

336

15

Plain

CK269+500~CK291+000

Hohhot

181362

35064

3504

329095

47423

1358

429

1810

182

861

16

Hills

Sections by Second Jibaoline

Hohhot

1053

2407

241

22599

1108

17

Plain

Section by Jingbao line(double line)

Hohhot

57012

16711

1672

156851

48779

Total

1119165

403771

48561

3870411

240204

66031

3279

11401

1140

6560

64054

448378

(Continued)

No

Landform

Milestone

Administration

Slope protection

Reinforce

Interception structure slope protection

Concrete（window type）wall

Geotextile,etcs

Grooving

C25 Concrete

M10concrete structure

Wall body

Filter layer

Water outlet

Expansion joint

Soil

Stone

M10

C25

concrecte block

Sand/grabble

PVC管（φ0.1m）

Alphalt linen（0.02m）

m3

m3

m3

m3

m3

m3

m3

m

m2

m2

1

Plain

CK000+000~CK002+570

Zhangjiakou

48

49

394

2

Plain

CK002+570~CK011+260

Wangquan

282

283

15242

3

Plain

CK011+260~CK068+300

Huai’an

15871

63

16005

266199

4

Hills

CK068+300~CK073+310

Shangyi

5

Hills

CK073+310~CK074+560

Xinghe

6

Hills

CK074+560~CK076+900

Shangyi

176

7

Hills

CK076+900~CK124+215

Xinghe

26662

5481

32272

363902

8

Hills

CK124+215~CK151+080

Chanyouqianqi

4831

668

5520

68226

9

Plain

CK151+080~CK152+303

Jining

10

Plain

CK152+303~CK160+796

Chayouqianqi

1627

1634

7238

11

Plain

CK160+796~CK163+498

Jining

627

630

16712

12

Hills

CK163+498~CK179+317

Chayouqianqi

923

2171

3108

41764

13

Hills

CK179+317~CK255+248

Zhuozi

30473

2215

32835

8578

45

299

2589

897

381687

14

Hills

CK255+248~CK269+500

Hohhot

9331

35

9409

79156

15

Plain

CK269+500~CK291+000

Hohhot

22796

23921

244173

16

Hills


Hohhot

1228

2998

17

Plain


Hohhot

6043

10389

Total

120115

11260

125666

13387

8578

45

299

2589

897

1484869

Table 3 Subgrade Drainage Protection Measures`

No

Landform

Milestone

Administration

Ground drainage ditch

Water collection well

Side ditch

Side ditch platform

drainage ditch

Gutter

Joint

Well body

Cover

C30

Concrete

M10 cement surfacing(0.05m）

M10

M10 cement surfacing (0.05m）

M10

C30 Concrete

Soils

M10

C30 concrete

Soils

Soils

M10

C30Concrete

C30Concrete

（m3）

（m2）

（m3）

（m2）

（m3）

（m3）

（m3）

（m3）

（m3）

（m3）

（m3）

（m3）

（m3）

（m3）

1

Plain

CK000+000-CK002+570

Zhangjiakou

17

12

12

27

2

Plain

CK002+570-CK011+260

Wangquan

938

2095

9

1

3

Plain

CK011+260-CK068+300

Huai’an

4949

9313

3479

12327

18884

408

2791

6355

8093

1491

158

19

4

Hills

CK068+300-CK073+310

Shangyi

5

Hills

CK073+310-CK074+560

Xinghe

6

Hills

CK074+560-CK076+900

Shangyi

15

10

6

13

7

Hills

CK076+900-CK124+215

Xinghe

23246

16864

71

4613

6643

10643

23952

2847

30

209

22

8

Hills

CK124+215-CK151+080

Chanyouqianqi

4432

2457

3211

1489

355

541

2361

5228

232

39

5

9

Plain

CK151+080-CK152+303

Jining

10

Pain

CK152+303-CK160+796

Chayouqianqi

445

696

298

4

11

Pain

CK160+796-CK163+498

Jining

1218

341

297

465

411

1972

199

10

1

12

Hills

CK163+498-CK179+317

Chayouqianqi

2999

3090

1715

2504

113

333

399

1357

3055

170

48

23

2

13

Hills

CK179+317-CK255+248

Zhuozi

25114

13720

3477

201

8544

9453

272

12214

234839

4051

100

220

18

14

Hills

CK255+248-CK269+500

Hohhot

4220

2398

1100

737

2353

2142

3322

1008

550

45

6

15

Plain

CK269+500-CK291+000

Hohhot

5503

4084

10941

15480

723

1604

6633

102

11

16

Hills


Hohhot

574

66

99

96

460

653

41

17

Plain


Hohhot

1168

1197

7176

10531

42

74

4515

3075

Total

73455

5547

52931

7470

16335

39545

91699

722

33108

281067

4038

1099

819

85

2.2 Plant protection measures for both sides of the subgrade

In order to improve the environmental quality of the project area, reduce soil erosion caused by railway construction, while achieving the purposes of soil and water conservation, afforestation and beautification as well as the protection of railway operational safety, protection of plant measures shall be made for the both sides of the subgrade. Based on the site conditions in climate, soil, and water, the available lots on both sides of the subgrade within the land in the project may be greened under the principle of "trees and shrubs integrated", and green protective measures may not be taken for the lots without the space for green.

Green protective measures shall be taken for the available lots within the boundary of the land on both sides of the line with the total length of the green lots being 99.23km. A combination of planted bushes and trees will be taken for Hebei section, and shrubs will be planted in the Inner Mongolia section. Specific green measures for the Hebei section will be the following: one row of trees and two rows of shrubs will be planted at either side of the subgrade lot; three rows of shrubs planted on both sides of the cutting lot; the tree spacing will be 3.0×1.0m, shrub spacing 1.0m×1.0m; for the Inner Mongolia, the specific measures will be the following: three rows of shrubs will be planted on either sides of the subgrade lot in a spacing of 1.0m×1.0m. A total of 10,696 trees and 1,747,256 shrubs will be planted on both sides of the subgrade areas along the whole line.

Table 4 Greening along subgrade

No

Landform

Milestone

Administration

Subgrade length(km)

Greening quantity

Trees

Bushes

1

Plain

CK000+000~CK002+570

Zhangjiakou

0.02

15

268

2

Plain

CK002+570~CK011+260

Wangquan

0.87

577

10392

3

Plain

CK011+260~CK068+300

Huai’an

15.16

10104

181867

4

Hills

CK068+300~CK073+310

Shangyi

0.00

0

0

5

Hills

CK073+310~CK074+560

Xinghe

0.00

0

0

6

Hills

CK074+560~CK076+900

Shangyi

0.01

0

180

7

Hills

CK076+900~CK124+215

Xinghe

22.27

0

400775

8

Hills

CK124+215~CK151+080

Chanyouqianqi

3.88

0

69777

9

Plain

CK151+080~CK152+303

Jining

0.00

0

0

10

Plain

CK152+303~CK160+796

Chayouqianqi

2.61

0

47003

11

Plain

CK160+796~CK163+498

Jining

0.95

0

17092

12

Hills

CK163+498~CK179+317

Chayouqianqi

2.37

0

42713

13

Hills

CK179+317~CK255+248

Zhuozi

23.39

0

420965

14

Hills

CK255+248~CK269+500

Hohhot

4.50

0

80953

15

Plain

CK269+500~CK291+000

Hohhot

16.77

0

301831

16

Hills


Hohhot

0.65

0

11653

17

Plain


Hohhot

8.99

0

161787

Total

102.42

10696

1747256

(1) Temporary block and drainage measures for the subgrade stripped topsoil

During the filling works of the railway subgrade, as the surface soil fails to meet the requirements of subgrade filling in the engineering design, the topsoil must be stripped. The thickness of this surface soil is generally about 30cm. It has high content of humus, featuring good soil fertility, structure and texture. It is suitable for vegetation growth and may be used in the topsoil transformation for the subgrade slope green of grid, station and ballast along the railway.

According to the state of the environment in the project area, combined with the engineering characteristics, the land, woodland and grassland occupied by the subgrade are designed to have topsoil stripping in a strip thickness of 0~30cm, and a temporary stockpiling field is designed every 500~1000m in the land, where the stripped topsoil will be piled up and compacted. Retaining wall made of straw bags will be used as temporary protection at the foot of the outside slope surrounding the stockpiled soil, and other exposed surfaces will be covered with tarpaulin to prevent wind transport. Temporary drains will be dug at the border of the stockpile soil, temporary settling basin will be constructed at the outlet, and connected with the surrounding drainage system, so that the rainfall runoff may be discharged through the outlet and the simple settling basin to prevent soil erosion in the temporary stockpiling field.

The stockpiling height of the temporary stockpiling filed shall not be higher than 3.0m, and the stacked slope rate shall be controlled within 1:1.5. The straw bag retaining wall section shall be a rectangular trapezoidal cross-section in height × top width ×bottom width = 1.0m × 0.5m × 1.5m. When piling, the bags shall be engaged and lapped in a lap length not less than 1/3 of the length of the straw bag. The temporary drains shall be soil drains with a trapezoidal cross-section, whose design specifications are base width of 0.3m, top width of 0.9m, ditch depth of 0.3m and slope rate of 1:1. The ditch base and wall shall be compacted. The simple settling basin shall have a length of 2.0m, a width of 1.0m, and a depth of 1.5m, with its bottom compacted. A total of 89.57 × 104m3 topsoil used in the new soil grass of subgrade slope are stripped for the subgrade across the line.

Table 5 Temporary protection and drainage design for top soil from subgrade area

No

Landform

Milestone

Administration

Topsoils（m3）

Soil cover（m3）

Length（m）

Soil bags（m3）

Paulin（m2）

Temporary drainage（m3）

Temporary settling tank

1

Plain

CK000+000~CK002+570

Zhangjiakou

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

Plain

CK002+570~CK011+260

Wangquan

10060

10060

409

409

4024

0

0

3

Plain

CK011+260~CK068+300

Huai’an

182420

182420

6960

6960

72968

0

0

4

Hills

CK068+300~CK073+310

Shangyi

14980

14980

610

610

5992

434

3

Hills

CK074+560~CK076+900

Xinghe

5

Hills

CK073+310~CK074+560

Shangyi

Xinghe

282560

282560

10901

10901

113024

7048

47

Hills

CK076+900~CK124+215

6

Hills

CK124+215~CK151+080

Chanyouqianqi

Jining

55376

55376

2054

2054

22150

1366

9

7

Plain

CK152+303~CK160+796

8

Plain

CK151+080~CK152+303

Chayouqianqi

Jining

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

9

Plain

CK160+796~CK163+498

10

Hills

CK163+498~CK179+317

Chayouqianqi

13844

13844

469

469

5538

334

2

11

Hills

CK179+317~CK255+248

Zhuozi

228200

228200

8629

8629

91280

5661

38

12

Hills

CK255+248~CK269+500

Hohhot

43320

43320

1600

1600

17328

1068

7

13

Plain

CK269+500~CK291+000

Hohhot

64980

64980

8664

8664

25992

0

0

14

Hills


Hohhot

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

15

Plain


Hohhot

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Total

895740

895740

40296

40296

358296

15911

107

Protective measures for Station3.1 Station subgrade protection

The water and soil conservation measures for the station in this project is mainly aimed at the station subgrade, which are roughly the same as the soil and water conservation measures for the subgrade. Slope protection of arched frame pavement, hollow bricks with new soil grass and mortar rubble drainage ditch and porous drain are used for the subgrade. If the subgrade slope height is less than 3.0m, six-diamond hollow bricks with planted grass and Amorpha will be used for protection, and a precast concrete drainage tank will located at both sides of the slope at intervals of 10.0m to connect the horizontal drainage channels between the tracks; if the slope height is greater than 3.0m, 3×3m C25 concrete arch framework with water disconnection tank will be used in the slope protection of the subgrade, and in the framework, six-diamond hollow bricks will be paved with planted grass and Amorpha. A layer of two-way stretch plastic geogrid (TGSG30-30) will be laid every 0.6m of the vertical height from the foot of the slope to the surface level of the base bed within the lateral width of 3.0m on both sides of the slope; if the subgrade is filled with weak weathered and slightly weathered broken rocks, the quantity of new soil shall be added into the block.

The cutting slope rate shall be 1:1.25~1:1.5 for silty clay, 1:1.25 for gravel soil, and 1:1.25 for loess cutting. For the slope whose height is less than 3.0m, six-diamond hollow bricks with planted grass and Amorpha inside shall be used for protection; for the slope whose height is greater than 3.0m, C25 concrete arch frame paved with six-diamond hollow bricks with planted grass and Amorpha inside shall be used for protection.

The stations are open-train layout, and the new sites are ground stations except that Huai An Station is an elevated one. The average earthwork height in plains is h≤ 3m (Huan An Station), 3m

3.2 Greening measures in the station area

There are three new stations across the line, with Trunk of treesozi Station and Trunk of treesozi East Station under the construction being integrated for locations. In order to maintain soil and water and beautify the station area environment, to improve ecological environment quality of the station area, and to meet the production and operating conditions, 20% of the new permanent site in the station are greened in line with the principle of multiple green. They are mainly located at the surrounding of the new buildings at each station and other open space available for concentrated green. Trees, shrubs, flowering shrubs and grass are integrated, in a green ratio of 30% by trees, shrubs 30%, flowering shrub 20%, and grass 20%, laid according to the principle of 3×3m for trees and 1 × 1m for shrubs. In the new stations, as Huai An Station is an elevated one, green design is considered for its areas available for green at the roads in the stops. The proportion of shrubs, flowering shrubs and lawns is 30%, 30% and 40% respectively. The shrubs are laid in 1× 1m. A total of 3,523 trees, 34,898 shrubs, 9,532 flowers and 4,958m2 paved turf are planted in the stations across the line.

Table 6 Greening measures in the station area

No

Landform

Station

Milestone (center)

Greening area（m2）

Greening

Trees

Bush

Grass（m2）

Flowers（m2）

1

Plain

Huai’an Station

CK043+075

10633

0

3190

4253

3190

2

Hills

Xinghe North Station

CK099+400

30560

1019

9168

204

1834

3

Plains

Ulanchabu Station

CK159+270

54933

1831

16480

366

3296

4

Hills

Zhuozi East Station

CK207+200

20200

673

6060

135

1212

Total

116327

3523

34898

4958

9532

3.3 Temporary block protection and temporary drainage measures for stripped topsoil in the station area

22.25 × 104m3 stripped topsoil in the new stations across the line is used for the latter stage green in the station. The stripped topsoil will be designed to be piled in the temporary stockpiling site in the station area, and they will be compacted. Retaining wall made of straw bags will be used as temporary protection at the foot of the outside slope surrounding the stockpiled soil, and other exposed surfaces will be covered with tarpaulin. Temporary drains will be dug at the border of the stockpile soil, temporary settling basin will be constructed at the outlet of the drains, and connected with the surrounding drainage system.

The stockpiling height of the temporary stockpiling filed shall not be higher than 3.0m, and the stacked slope rate shall be controlled within 1:1.5. The straw bag retaining wall section shall be a rectangular trapezoidal cross-section in height × top width ×bottom width = 1.0m × 0.5m × 1.5m. When piling, the bags shall be engaged and lapped in a lap length not less than 1/3 of the length of the straw bag. The temporary drains shall be soil drains with a trapezoidal cross-section, whose design specifications are bottom width of 0.3m, top width of 0.9m, ditch depth of 0.3m and slope rate of 1:1. The ditch base and wall shall be compacted. The simple settling basin shall have a length of 2.0m, a width of 1.0m, and a depth of 1.5m, with its bottom compacted. The stripped topsoil is used in the surface soil transformation of green area in the station.

Table 7 Temporary protection and drainage design for stations

No

Landform

Station

Milestone

Toposoils（m3）

Soil cover（m3）

Length（m）

Soil bags（m3）

Paulin（m2）

Temp. drainage（m3）

Temp. Settling tank

1

Plain

Huai’an Station

CK043+075

29500

29500

1118

1118

11800

0

0

2

Hills


CK099+400

45840

45840

1801

1801

18336

1012

4

3

Plain

Ulanchabu Station

CK159+270

38252

38252

1496

1496

15301

0

0

4

Hills

Zhuozi Station

CK207+200

27840

27840

1301

1301

11136

652

2

5

Plains

Hohhot Station（yard）

CK289+273

27000

27000

1064

1064

10800

0

0

6

Plains

Hohhot Station（Utility Yard）

CK291+000

54100

54100

2044

2044

21640

0

0

Total

222532

222532

8824

8824

89013

1664

6

Table 8 Main Protection Measures for Stations

Station

Station subgrade reinforce

Geotextile

Grassing

River locust tree

Soils

Concrete structure shoulder

M10 cement surfacing

C25 Concrete

M7.5 Concrete

C30 Concrete

Units

m2

m2

/

m3

m3

m2

m3

m3

m3

Huai’an Station


34269

1073

18

Ulanchabu Station

54308

1518

26

Zhuozi East Station

37972

1190

20


140463

11866

76284

1187

3044

9202

1268


10382

67085

1229

1000

3023

2493

2784

Station

Station drainage system

Side ditch of sugrade

Drainage

Drainage or gutter

Joint

Earth work quantity

Side ditch length

C30 Concrete

Side ditch platform M10 concrete

Length

M7.5 Concrete

Drainage length

C30 Concrete

Foundation earth work

Earth work quantity

M10 Concrete

Units

m3

m

m3

m3

m

m3

m

m3

m3

m3

m3

Huai’an Station


1925

4015

955

440

470

846

2915

1437

7288

825

220

Ulanchabu Station

1732

800

955

440

1165

1049

3600

1952

9900

743

220

Zhuozi East Station

1745

700

865

419

543

489

1875

1371

6953

748

179


11802

6744

5852

2833

2070

1863

5212

2570

13030

5058

1213


3490

3141

Control Measures in the Bridge and Culvert Works Area4.1 Bridges and culverts set-up and design requirements

The flood frequency of bridges and culverts is designed to be 1/100 for bridges, and 1/100 for culverts. In principle, one bridge (culvert) is set up for one river (ditch), and the river channel shall not be compressed, so that the water may go through the bridge in a natural state; where roads are crossing, interchange may be used; in the farming-intensive areas, farmland channel shall be located; vertical drains shall be located within the bridge, and connected with the drainage system in the subgrade so as to lead to the water in the side ditches of the subgrade to the natural ditches under the bridge. M10 mortar rubble paving protection shall be adopted.

Permeable soil shall be used to fill the cone packing of the bridge ancillary works and be compacted, and 35cm thick M20 mortar rubble shall be used in the protection of slope with a 10cm thick gravel layer located below.

For individual lots where river erosion may be increased due to the set-up of piers, reinforced subgrade and mortar rubble revetment measures shall be taken to avoid the river, flood erosion. The bridge foundation excavation shall be made full use of; if it is unable to use, spoil field shall be selected for concentrated spoil to reduce soil erosion.

The foundation of the main pier crossing the river shall use island or cofferdam construction and shall avoid flood. Complete cleanup shall be considered after the construction to ensure the smooth water flow.

4.2 Bridge and culvert protective measures

(1) The flood frequency of 1/100 is used in the design of the bridge and culvert to maintain the appropriate technical requirements; for the check calculation of extra large bridge (or large bridge) which is technically complex, difficult to repair or very important, the flood frequency is 1/300; for the bridge close to the upstream reservoir, check calculation will be made according to the reservoir dam break flow.

(2) Natural river channel shall be avoided from compress and ditches from change when crossing the river channel for flood discharge so as to maintain the natural run-off state and to ensure smooth flow of flood discharge. Streamlined piers shall preferably be used in the river channel to reduce the water-blocking area of the pier, and avoid increased erosion, as well as to reduce the impact on the upstream and downstream slopes of the bridge site and to avoid soil erosion.

(3) Flood discharging capacity is fully considered in the design of the diameter of the culvert to avoid the water restrain of the culvert caused by the small aperture, resulting in soil erosion caused by increased downstream erosion.

(4) For the pier located in the ditch or in the water, cofferdam made of straw bags filled with soil or steel sheet pile cofferdam is used based on the water depth in the construction and geological conditions, and the protection of the sections where the water level is high and the foundation layer is strongly permeable shall be paid attention to in the construction.

(5) During the construction, the spoil generated in the bridge foundation construction shall be knocked into the pile foundation if permitted by conditions; abutment cone slope shall be protected by M20 cement mortar rubble.

Table 9 Bridge and viaduct protection measures

No

Landform

Milestone

Administration

Cone protection

Construction protection

M20 Concrete（m3）


Soil weir（m3）

Steel weir（Number）

1

Plain

CK000+000~CK002+570

Zhangjiakou

125

1413

2

Plain

CK002+570~CK011+260

Wangquan

110

0

0

3

Plain

CK011+260~CK068+300

Huai’an

1178

10375

200

4

Hills

CK068+300~CK073+310

Shangyi

5

Hills

CK073+310~CK074+560

Xinghe

6

Hills

CK074+560~CK076+900

Shangyi

7

Hills

CK076+900~CK124+215

Xinghe

2099

8181

14

8

Hills

CK124+215~CK151+080

Chanyouqianqi

545

35300

0

9

Plain

CK151+080~CK152+303

Jining

10

Pain

CK152+303~CK160+796

Chayouqianqi

137

0

0

11

Pain

CK160+796~CK163+498

Jining

95

0

0

12

Hills

CK163+498~CK179+317

Chayouqianqi

404

0

0

13

Hills

CK179+317~CK255+248

Zhuozi

3803

5267

8

14

Hills

CK255+248~CK269+500

Hohhot

862

0

9

15

Plain

CK269+500~CK291+000

Hohhot

480

273

0

0

16

Hills


Hohhot

17

Plain


Hohhot

195

Total

10032

273

60536

231

4.3 Temporary protection measures for bridge and viaduct(1) Temporary measures to deal with bored pile foundation mud for the bridge

To minimize the pollution of the water quality of the rivers along the line by the bridge drilling mud, bored pile foundation of the bridge crossing river is usually constructed during the dry season, and mud pump is installed in steel casing barrel to raise the drilling mud to the land TWA at both ends. The slurry generated during the bored pile foundation construction shall be temporarily processed to reduce soil erosion during construction.

There are a total of two bridges which cross a river and possess piers in the water in this project. They are the extra large Yanghe Bridge and extra large No. 4 Daheihe Bridge. Before the drilling of the piers, one mud pool (seepage control shall be done to the mud pond, and multiple drilling can be shared) and two settling tanks are built in the temporary construction site. They are used in series to make the wall protection mud separate from the ballast. The mud precipitated shall be recycled, and the surface dust and ballast of the sedimentation tanks shall be dehydrated at the dumping ground. The effluent of the sedimentation tank discharges into natural rivers through the nearby agricultural irrigation ditches. During the drilling and the hole cleaning in the pier foundation construction process, mud cars are used to transport the mud to the designated location. The excavation earth from mud pools and the sedimentation pond is piled near the pier and compacted. It will be used in the pier foundation and the backfill of the mud pools and the sedimentation tanks after the construction.

The volume of each mud pool is designed to be 8m3, and the length, width and depth to be 2m. The volume of each sedimentation tank is designed to be 6m3, the length and width 2m, and the depth 1.5m.

Table 10 Bridge slurry pond and sedimentation tank

No

Landform

Milestone

Administration

Slurry tank

Settling tank

1

Plain

CK000+000~CK002+570

Zhangjiakou

2

4

2

Plain

CK002+570~CK011+260

Wangquan

0

0

3

Plain

CK011+260~CK068+300

Huai’an

4

8

4

Hills

CK068+300~CK073+310

Shangyi

0

0

5

Hills

CK073+310~CK074+560

Xinghe

0

0

6

Hills

CK074+560~CK076+900

Shangyi

0

0

7

Hills

CK076+900~CK124+215

Xinghe

2

4

8

Hills

CK124+215~CK151+080

Chanyouqianqi

2

4

9

Plain

CK151+080~CK152+303

Jining

0

0

10

Pain

CK152+303~CK160+796

Chayouqianqi

0

0

11

Pain

CK160+796~CK163+498

Jining

0

0

12

Hills

CK163+498~CK179+317

Chayouqianqi

0

0

13

Hills

CK179+317~CK255+248

Zhuozi

1

2

14

Hills

CK255+248~CK269+500

Hohhot

1

2

15

Plain

CK269+500~CK291+000

Hohhot

0

0

16

Hills


Hohhot

0

0

17

Plain


Hohhot

0

0

Total

12

24

(2) Temporary block and protection measures for excavation stone earth of the foundation for bridges and culverts

Soil erosion is likely to occur for the excavation earth of the bridge foundation in the rainy or windy season. Temporary block and protection measures shall be taken to prevent soil erosion in the construction process.

After the balance of the excavation earthwork in the bridge foundation along the line in the project, abandoned earth of 79.00 × 104m3 are resulted. Temporary stockpiling field shall be set up in the land of the bridge. The temporary stockpiling height shall not be higher than 3.0m, and the pile slope rate shall be controlled within 1:1.5. The straw retaining wall section shall be set in the form of a rectangular trapezoidal cross-section with height ×top width× bottom width = 1.0m × 0.5m × 1.5m, and during the piling, the straws shall engage and lap each other, with the lap length not less than the length of 1/3 of the straw. Temporary stockpiling soil shall be centralized and piled in straw block protection. After the construction, timely backfill and clean up shall be made, and extra earth shall be abandoned in time in the earth fetching field nearby so as to avoid new soil erosion caused by rainfall runoff or wind erosion.

Table 11 Temporary measures for foundation building for bridge and viaduct

No

Landform

Milestone

Administration

Disposal soils（m3）

Fencing & retaining work

Soil bags（m3）

Grass bags

Geotextile（m2）

1

Plain

CK000+000~CK002+570

Zhangjiakou

15347

630

8820

6139

2

Plain

CK002+570~CK011+260

Wangquan

108965

4109

57526

43586

3

Plain

CK011+260~CK068+300

Huai’an

81116

3338

46732

32446

4

Hills

CK068+300~CK073+310

Shangyi

0

0

0

0

5

Hills

CK073+310~CK074+560

Xinghe

0

0

0

0

6

Hills

CK074+560~CK076+900

Shangyi

0

0

0

0

7

Hills

CK076+900~CK124+215

Xinghe

140464

5371

75194

56186

8

Hills

CK124+215~CK151+080

Chanyouqianqi

32915

1291

18074

13166

9

Plain

CK151+080~CK152+303

Jining

0

0

0

0

10

Pain

CK152+303~CK160+796

Chayouqianqi

72139

2726

38164

28856

11

Pain

CK160+796~CK163+498

Jining

51758

2010

28140

20703

12

Hills

CK163+498~CK179+317

Chayouqianqi

16691

656

9184

6676

13

Hills

CK179+317~CK255+248

Zhuozi

154210

5871

82194

61684

14

Hills

CK255+248~CK269+500

Hohhot

70955

2703

37842

28382

15

Plain

CK269+500~CK291+000

Hohhot

43035

13906

194684

17214

16

Hills


Hohhot

0

0

0

0

17

Plain


Hohhot

2483

136

1904

993

Total

790078

42747

598458

316031

(3) Protection measures in the construction of water piers

According to the actual situation of the project, water piers shall be set up in the river for the new bridge across the river. Cofferdam measures shall be taken accordingly for the foundation in the water according to the river channel, water depth, flow rate and venues. Straw cofferdam and steel sheet pile cofferdam shall be mainly used to build island in the construction for the project, and the construction period shall be as far as possible in the dry season. After the cofferdam is used to build an island in the river, the construction shall be made in the island, and all waste ballast and waste water generated in the foundation excavation shall be transported to shore through the island. They will not be leaked into the river, and will not have a big impact on the water quality. When the construction is complete, timely removal of the cofferdam shall be made, and all cofferdam facilities shall be transported to the nearest designated spoil site for storage. They shall neither be dumped in the river, nor flowed into the river downstream.

Table 12 Protection measures for bridge and viaduct

No

Landform

Milestone

Administration

Cone protection

Construction protection





1

Plain

CK000+000~CK002+570

Zhangjiakou

125

1413

2

Plain

CK002+570~CK011+260

Wangquan

110

0

0

3

Plain

CK011+260~CK068+300

Huai’an

1178

10375

200

4

Hills

CK068+300~CK073+310

Shangyi

5

Hills

CK073+310~CK074+560

Xinghe

6

Hills

CK074+560~CK076+900

Shangyi

7

Hills

CK076+900~CK124+215

Xinghe

2099

8181

14

8

Hills

CK124+215~CK151+080

Chanyouqianqi

545

35300

0

9

Plain

CK151+080~CK152+303

Jining

10

Pain

CK152+303~CK160+796

Chayouqianqi

137

0

0

11

Pain

CK160+796~CK163+498

Jining

95

0

0

12

Hills

CK163+498~CK179+317

Chayouqianqi

404

0

0

13

Hills

CK179+317~CK255+248

Zhuozi

3803

5267

8

14

Hills

CK255+248~CK269+500

Hohhot

862

0

9

15

Plain

CK269+500~CK291+000

Hohhot

480

273

0

0

16

Hills


Hohhot

17

Plain


Hohhot

195

Total

10032

273

60536

231

Control Measures in Tunnel Works Area

There are 25 new tunnels in a length of 59.66km built in this project. The new tunnels are concentrated in the lots of mountainous and hilly areas. The longest tunnel is Dajianshan Tunnel in a length of 15,390m. The excavation of these new tunnels seeks early hole, and to avoid deep cutting or high slope so as to minimize the destruction of the mountain and to prevent soil erosion.

If the tunnel is longer than 500m, dual-port tunneling will be generally used; if the tunnel length is less than 500m, single-port tunneling will be generally used. For Grade Ⅳ swelling rock lots, if the expansion of the rock is medium to strong and the rock is shallow buried, the method of "temporary invert of three steps " will be used; if the expansion is medium to strong, the method of " temporary lateral bracket of three steps" will be used; weak expansion lots shall as far as possible use the "three-step method" to strengthen the lock pin bolt, and to strengthen the monitoring of measurement, so as to reduce the temporary support works. For the lots of GradeⅤexpansion rock, the shallow buried section shall adopt the method of "temporary invert of three steps"; and the deep buried segment may adopt the method of " temporary lateral bracket of three steps" to reduce the temporary support works. The ultra-shallow, or seriously pressured lots or sections which have to go through buildings that require protection shall adopt the method of "CRD"; collapsible loess sections shall try to use open-cut method, and the lots which require covered tunneling shall use the method of "CRD".

5.1 Tunnel body protection

Tunnel entrance shall be chosen to minimize the excavation height of the side invert slope to reduce the excavation, and the destruction of land and vegetation. Top-down stratified excavation and layered protection shall be taken during the hole earthwork construction. In case of poor geological conditions, measures to stabilize the side slope and the invert slope shall be taken. The tunnel waterproofing and drainage shall follow the principle of "the combination of prevention, disconnection, discharge and block for local conditions and in comprehensive management", if necessary, the principle of "block-based, limited discharge" shall be taken. Appropriate control measures shall be taken according to the tunnel length, weather conditions, the nature and degree of development of groundwater to protect the ecological environment. Fully enclosed lining of tunnel entrances of soil, swelling rock (soil), and schist formation is adopted for the protection of side invert slopes at the entrance; the rest of the stone tunnels shall be protected at the entrances and within 2m of the foot of the slope. 30cm thick M15 mortar rubble lining shall be used.

Drainage ditches shall be located at the tunnel roof, with the distance of the drainage ditches from the stone at the top of the slop excavation line not less than 5m. The soil shall not be less than 10m so as to intercept surface water so that it may be imported into the subgrade drainage system, thus avoiding the formation of new erosion.

5.2 Tunnel spoil protection

The spoil of the new tunnels totals 958.12×104m3. The spoil field shall be selected to heap the abandoned spoil based on the factors like topographical conditions near the tunnel along the line and transport distance.

Retaining wall shall be located at the foot of the slope for the spoil field, and protected by mortar rubble for the foundation. After the disposable ballast is carried out, reclamation and afforestation shall be conducted, and waterproofing and drainage facilities shall be equipped to prevent soil erosion, and reduce the impact from drop ballast on the surrounding environment.

Table 13 Tunnel portal protection and drainage measures

No

Landform

Milestone

Administration

Tunnel length（m）

Tunnel number

Tunnel portal, gutter and greening

Interception gutter

Dike

Greening

C25 Concrete（m3）


Soil stone refill（m3）

Planting soil（m3）

Bushes

1

Plain

CK000+000~CK002+570

Zhangjiakou

2

Plain

CK002+570~CK011+260

Wangquan

3

Plain

CK011+260~CK068+300

Huai’an

15390

1

1482

1421

969

4335

4335

4

Hills

CK068+300~CK073+310

Shangyi

5

Hills

CK073+310~CK074+560

Xinghe

6

Hills

CK074+560~CK076+900

Shangyi

7

Hills

CK076+900~CK124+215

Xinghe

5529

3

532

510

348

1558

1558

8

Hills

CK124+215~CK151+080

Chanyouqianqi

3470

2

334

320

219

978

978

9

Plain

CK151+080~CK152+303

Jining

10

Pain

CK152+303~CK160+796

Chayouqianqi

11

Pain

CK160+796~CK163+498

Jining

12

Hills

CK163+498~CK179+317

Chayouqianqi

6602

4

636

609

416

1860

1860

13

Hills

CK179+317~CK255+248

Zhuozi

27328

14

2631

2523

1721

7698

7698

14

Hills

CK255+248~CK269+500

Hohhot

1337

1

129

123

84

377

377

15

Plain

CK269+500~CK291+000

Hohhot

16

Hills


Hohhot

17

Plain


Hohhot

Total

59655

25

5743

5507

3757

16805

16805

Control Measures in Earth-fetching Area6.1 Earth-fetching field set-up and optimizations

The earth-fetching fields set up along the line are mainly for the earth fetching of subgrade and station, and the main type of land is unused land. In the earth excavation works, in the spirit of the principle of concentrated earth fetching, the construction shall be made in accordance with the position of earth-fetching field designed. The expansion of the excavation area is not allowed, and flayer earth is strictly prohibited. The 0~30cm surface of the earth-fetching field is prohibited to be used as fill. The surface layer shall be cleared and stacked before earth fetching, and when the earthwork is completed, then they shall be backfilled to the earth pit. Excavator with a dump truck is used to fetch the earth layer by layer. It is proposed that if the excavation of soil complies with the requirements of packing, the slope rate shall be slowed down, and the earth excavation depth may be enhanced to reduce the project disturbance area. After the completion of the earth fetching, the slope of the earth field shall be cut in a gradient of 1:1.5, and the slope shall be slowed down to facilitate construction operations in an economic and safe way in preventing collapse and soil erosion. Clean, flatting, green and other necessary measures shall be taken. In the next stage of design, each earth field is required to sign an agreement on fetching and abandoning of soil with the local Land and Resources Bureau.

6.2 Earth fetching and protection principles

1) The centralized and close earth fetching shall be carried out, and the priority in the use of the existing earth field shall be made.

2) The selection of the earth field location shall obtain the coordination of the local government and the soil and water conservation authority. The locacation shall be determined through the consultation in the unified planning of the soil and water conservation department based on the local water resources, agricultural development planning, and environmental construction plan.

3) For the sloping earth field, after earth fetching, the slope of the excavation area shall be adjusted, the bottom shall be cleaned and leveled, and green measures of shrub planting shall be taken.

4) For the earth field ready to restore planting, before earth fetching, the surface mellow soil shall be pushed aside, and leveled back after earth fetching. Reasonable temporary protective measures shall be taken according to the terrain of the temporary dump.

6.3 Earth field slope cutting and drainage design

In the excavation and earth fetching, the expansion of the disturbance area shall be avoided, and the lane in a width of 10m and a longitudinal slope rate of 1:5 shall be reserved for the access of the earth fetching pit. The lane shall stay in the side facing the construction area, and the slope rate shall take 1: 1.5. The slope shall be cut by half-dug and half-fill to the limit of 1/ 2 of the excavation depth. The upper earth of cut slope shall be used to fill the lower slope, and the fill slope shall be backfilled and compacted layer by layer. To intercept the slope runoff, and protect the overhead slope formed during earth fetching from directly impact of wind and water erosion, a retaining ridge in a height of 80cm and a top width of 50cm shall be built beyond the upper sloping shoulder of the earth field, and intercepting drains shall be located at the outside close to the retaining ridge so that the runoff above the top of the slope will be channeled to both sides, then discharged to the close ditches. The intercepting ditch has a bottom width of 0.5m, a top width of 1.5m, and a depth of 0.6m. The soil ditches of semi-filled and semi- dug section shall be adopted and interior wall shall be compacted. Base gutters in a bottom width of 50cm, a depth of 50cm, and a top width of 1m shall be located at 1m outside the foot of the slope. Soil ditches shall be used, and interior wall shall be compacted. If the slope has two platforms, the platform shall be an invert slop directing toward interior side, namely, the side of the second slope, so as to create conditions for the casing and the drainage in the future. Meanwhile, drains shall be located in the middle platform and the foot of the secondary slope to discharge the slope runoff. The water in the drains in the middle platform will flow down to lead the rainfall runoff into natural ditches or the existing drainage ditch system. The drains in the foot of the secondary slope shall adopt the same design standard with drains at the bottom of the slope.

6.4 Plant protection measures in the earth field

After the fetching in the earth field is completed, and when the engineering measures such as slope adjustment of excavation area, leveling and cleaning of the underside, casing (casing source is the topsoil stripped before earth fetching, and the casing thickness is about 30cm), appropriate plant protection measures shall be taken on the bottom of the fetching pit, side slope and platform. Through the green initiatives of sowing grass seed, planting shrubs, and conservation and management measures of watering, fertilizing, and soil moisture to ensure seedling survival rate, the purposes of soil and water conservation and the erosion control may be achieved. The shrub spacing is 1 × 1m.

A total of 121.00hm2 rehabilitation area will be adopted for the earth fields across the line, 270,000 shrubs will be planted, and 88.60hm2 grass seed will be spread.

6.5 Temporary protection measures of stripped topsoil in the earth field

Before the fetching in the earth field, the 0~30cm surface layer of mellow soil shall be scooped and stacked within the earth field. No new temporary area shall be used. The bottom of the stockpiled soil shall be protected with temporary straw. The surface of the temporary stockpiling shall be smooth and compacted and covered with a tarp to prevent the erosion of rain runoff. Temporary soil drains shall be set up around the foot of the stockpiling slope, so that the water collected may be discharged into the existing drainage system around to prevent the new soil erosion. After completion of the earth fetching, the topsoil shall be backfilled and leveled to facilitate the reclamation and revegetation.

A total of 32.40×104m3 topsoil is stripped in the earth fields across the line, with the temporary block retaining length of 12, 585m, the stripping topsoil covering tarpaulin of 129,600m2, temporary drains of 4401m3, and temporary settling basins of 33.

Table 14 Protection Measures for Borrow pits

No

Administration

Location

Area（hm2）

Soils amount（m3）

Re-vegetation and planting protection

Temporary measures for stripping tops soils

Leveling

(hm2)

Bushes

Grassing（m2）

Top soils（m3）

Temp retaining length（m）

Soils in bags（m3）

Grass bag（Nr）

Paulin（m2）

Temp drainage（m3）

Temp settling tank（Nr）

1

Wanquan, Taishizhuang

CK5+000 left 5000m

2.00

64212

2.00

0

20000

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

2

Huai’an Chunfa Company

CK25+000 right 2000m

4.00

185330

4.00

0

40000

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

3

Huai’an Nanxingtun

CK35+500 left 2500m

6.67

293970

6.67

16667

46667

20000

727

727

10178

8000

0

0

4

Huai’an Lijiayao

CK37+300 left 3000m

4.67

164408

4.67

11667

32667

14000

584

584

8176

5600

0

0

5

Huai’an Dukoupu, Caijiantan

CK51+000 left 60m

4.00

180000

4.00

10000

28000

12000

454

454

6356

4800

0

0

6

Huai’an Dukoupu, Manzhoupo


2.00

81177

2.00

5000

14000

6000

227

227

3178

2400

0

0

7

Xinghe, Chengguan, Gaomiaozi

CK80+600left1500m

2.67

95967

2.67

6667

18667

8000

357

357

4998

3200

184

1

8

Xinghe, Chengguan, Qijia

CK91+000 right 300m

1.00

83527

1.00

2500

7000

3000

156

156

2184

1200

73

1

9

Xinghe, Chengguan, Mqiaocun

CK93+400 right 200m

1.00

12481

1.00

2500

7000

3000

156

156

2184

1200

73

1

10

Xinghe, Chengguan, Haoqiancun

CK99+200 right 800m

4.00

110410

4.00

10000

28000

12000

454

454

6356

4800

262

2

11

Xinghe, Chengguan, Dongshihao

CK103+000 left 2000m

4.00

86408

4.00

10000

28000

12000

454

454

6356

4800

262

2

12

Xinghe, Minzutuanjiexiang, Sihihaocun

CK110+400 left 1000m

2.00

45025

2.00

0

20000

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

13

Xinghe, e’erdong, Dianzicun

CK112+000 left 200m

1.00

21570

1.00

2500

7000

3000

156

156

2184

1200

73

1

14

Xinghe, e’erdong,

Dianzicun


1.67

29456

1.67

4167

11667

5000

192

192

2688

2000

110

1

15

Xinghe, e’erdong,

Dianzicun

CK117+000~+300 left hill

3.33

46570

3.33

8333

23333

10000

409

409

5726

4000

224

2

16

Chayouqianqi, Pingdiquanzhen, Laijiadicun

CK166+100~+500 right hill

13.33

105476

13.33

33333

93333

40000

1544

1544

21616

16000

878

7

17

Zhuozi, Shibataizhen, Yushugoucun

CK188+000~+600 right hill

3.33

96669

3.33

8333

23333

10000

409

409

5726

4000

224

2

18

Zhuozi, Shibataizhen,hafengjingcun

CK190+000~CK195+000left hill

6.67

53345

6.67

16667

46667

20000

727

727

10178

8000

431

3

19

Zhuozi, Zhuozishan, Dongtan

CK205+100~CK206+600 right hill

6.67

54583

6.67

16667

46667

20000

727

727

10178

8000

431

3

20

Zhuozi, Lihuazhen, Sidaogou

CK247+050left2000m

4.00

173341

4.00

10000

28000

12000

454

454

6356

4800

262

2

21

Hohhot, Saihan, Yulin, Shimengou

CK261+350left3500m

14.00

155089

14.00

35000

98000

42000

1589

1589

22246

16800

916

7

22

Hohhot, Saihan, Yulin, Sanyingyao

CK267+100 right 3200m

5.00

86160

5.00

0

50000

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

23

Hohhot, Saihan, Yulin,Qiannaimobancun

CK274+200left2200m

12.67

182043

12.67

31667

88667

38000

1492

1492

20888

15200

0

0

24

Hohhot, Saihan, Bayan, Tengjiaying

CK280+000left2100m

11.33

97144

11.33

28333

79333

34000

1317

1317

18438

13600

0

0

Total

121.00

2504360

121.00

270000

886000

324000

12585

12585

176190

129600

4401

33

Disposal Sites7.1 Earth disposal site

There are 18 earth disposal sites, total earth disposed will be 4320700m3, occupying 54.8hm2.

7.2 Tunnel spoils disposal site

There will be 52 spoil disposal sites, total spoils disposed will be 10726400m3, occupying 121.21hm2.

7.3 Design of retaining wall

On the principle of “Firstly retaining and then discarding and retaining by grading”, adopt mortar flag stone gravity type retaining wall protection for spoil ground.

To decrease active earth pressure, inclined type is adopted for gravity type retaining wall this time. When designed, height of retaining wall is 4 to 8m. When change occurs on height of wall, rectigradation transition is adopted for size of wall body; slope ratio of wall back is 1:0.25; wall surface is paralleled with wall back. Retaining wall is adopted for retaining base of ballast slope. Embedded depth of foundation is not lower than 2.0m. The part below ground of wall body is made into step-form, to increase stability of wall body; basement is made into reverse slope, to increase resisting overturning ability of wall body.

φ100 PVC pipe is embedded for retaining wall body and is used as escape hole, distance is 2m×2m. Intercepting ditch and drainage ditch is set at ballast top. Bottom part of ditch must be backfilled densely. Set one settlement joint each 10m longitudinally for the ditch; width of joint is 2~3cm. For earthy spoil, filtration bed of crushed stone with width of about 500mm needs to be set behind wall to facilitate drainage and avoid elapse of fine soil in earth filling. Set blind drain in the middle of wall body with bigger height.

7.4 Drainage design

Drainage shall be provided at the top and foot of the disposal sites in order to timely discharge runoff to avoid soil erosion and threats to the retaining wall.

7.5 Design of spoil grounds leveling and earth backing

After spoil is completed, top part of spoil ballast should be leveled. To facilitate recovery of vegetation, mature soil of certain thickness should be covered onto soil body and buffer top after leveled; earth backing comes from stripped surface soil of spoil grounds.

7.6 Reclamation and greening design for spoil grounds

After site leveling and earth backing work is completed for spoil, through combining local actual situation, adopt reclamation measure for spoil grounds occupying fallow land for the project and adopt protection measure of grass planting and shrub planting for spoil grounds occupying timberland and not using land.

7.7 Design of temporary retaining measure for stripped surface soil for spoil grounds

For spoil grounds where vegetation recovery is to be made, before spoil, shovel mature soil by about 0~30cm of surface and stack them within the scope of spoil grounds without newly increasing occupied area. Temporary straw bag is adopted for retaining bottom part of stacked soil. Level and compact surface of temporary stacked soil, use fabric for covering and build drainage ditch for temporary soil and make rainfall runoff influx before make it be successfully discharged into surrounding trench and other existing drainage system, to avoid causing new soil and water erosion. After spoil project is completed, level soil body and buffer, cover stripped surface soil, to facilitate land reclamation and greening.

Table 15 Site specific management of soil disposal sites

No

Administration

Location

Area（hm2）

Disposal quantity（m3）

Disposal depth（m）

Clearance and leveling (hm2)

Retaining and fencing

Greening

Temporary measures for stripping tops soils

C25 Retaining wall（m3）

C25 Concrete drainage（m3）

Top soils（m3）

Top soils（m3）

Top soils（m3）

Top soils（m3）

Top soils（m3）

Top soils（m3）

Top soils（m3）

Temp. drainage（m3）

Temp settling tank（Nr）

1

Huai’an, Dukoubao, Caijiantan

CK52+100left60m

2.00

150223

7.51

2.00

257

172

5000

14000

6000

227

227

3178

2400

0

0

2

Xinghe, Chengguan, Qinjiaaocun

CK77+750left400m

5.33

306181

5.74

5.33

606

404

13333

37333

16000

650

650

9100

6400

357

3

3


CK82+200left1500m

2.00

153091

7.65

2.00

262

175

5000

14000

6000

227

227

3178

2400

131

1

4


CK83+100left100m

2.00

102060

5.10

2.00

198

132

5000

14000

6000

227

227

3178

2400

131

1

5

Xinghe, Chengguan, yangpocun

CK85+300 right 300m

2.00

153091

7.65

2.00

262

175

5000

14000

6000

227

227

3178

2400

131

1

6

Xinghe, Chengguan, yangpocun

CK88+600 right 300m

6.67

408241

6.12

6.67

1140

760

16667

46667

20000

811

811

11354

8000

446

3

7

Xinghe, Chengguan, Qijiacun

CK91+000 right 300m

4.67

255151

5.47

4.67

495

330

11667

32667

14000

584

584

8176

5600

315

2

8

Xinghe, Chengguan, Maqiaocun

CK93+400 right 200m

2.00

159700

7.99

2.00

237

158

5000

14000

6000

227

227

3178

2400

131

1

9

Xinghe, Chengguan, Haoqiancun

CK99+200 right 800m

5.33

425601

7.98

5.33

724

483

13333

37333

16000

636

636

8904

6400

354

3

10

Xinghe, Chengguan, Dongshihaocun


6.67

532600

7.99

6.67

257

172

16667

46667

20000

811

811

11354

8000

446

3

11

Xinghe, Chengguan, Dongshihaocun

CK107+500left1500m

2.00

159700

7.99

2.00

267

178

5000

14000

6000

227

227

3178

2400

131

1

12

Zhuozi, Shibat

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