© Rainforest Alliance

ANNEX 5

RAINFOREST ALLIANCE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW

AGROCHEMICALS APPROACH

Public Consultation: Draft Verison 2.0

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1) INTRODUCTION

In the process of the merger of the UTZ and Rainforest Alliance certification systems, a joint

agrochemicals approach is being developed.

The Rainforest Alliance recognizes the negative impacts of the Highly Hazardous Pesticides in

the world, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. In the current process,

Rainforest Alliance consulted with a panel of agrochemical experts in the relevant crop

sectors. The experts made a firm request to Rainforest Alliance to take further steps to ban

toxic chemicals. Climate change and its mitigation, and species loss and the prevention

thereof will require a fundamental change of the agricultural production system. Large scale

continuous monocultures depending on high external input of mineral fertilizers and toxic

pesticides are very fragile. Transformations in unsustainable farming systems are needed,

even if these are not easy. Rainforest Alliance acknowledges the need for these

transformations towards more sustainable sectors. At the same time, it is recognized that such

transformations may not be feasible from one year to another and may require a stepwise

approach.

CURRENT REVISION PROCESS: CONNECTING FARMING PRACTICES AND

AGROCHEMICAL USE

To further work towards more sustainable practices in agriculture, next steps are proposed to

promote Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and further reduce the use of hazardous

chemicals. A long-term and lasting reduction in the use of pesticides cannot be achieved

only by stricter rules around the use of pesticides but needs a fundamental change in the

thinking of producers on how to manage pests and diseases in their crops.

The key starting point for sustainable farming practices is enabling a healthy environment for

the crops to grow while increasing the long-term resilience of farming systems. In a healthy

environment, the use of IPM promotes prevention, monitoring, and control of pests to

minimize pest pressure while reducing reliance on agrochemicals. The IPM approach itself

relies on and results in different sustainable farming practices which benefit the whole farm,

from good soil management to proper pruning, which supports farms’ productivity and

increasing their climate resilience and mitigation potential. Good soil management practices

allow for better nutrient availability for the crop, better soil structure and better soil moisture

content, making the crop more drought resistance and increasing climate resilience and

climate mitigation.

In the new standard, more stringent measures for sustainable farming practices are

introduced to enable farmers to have much healthier soils and crops and thus lower the

need for agrochemical application. Key measures, alongside IPM, include having soil

covering with cover crops or mulching and working with crop rotation for non-perennial

crops.

2) PROHIBITED LIST AND RISK MITIGATION LIST

In the 2020 Rainforest Alliance Sustainable Agriculture Standard, the key objective is promoting more sustainable farming systems including the implementation of robust Integrated Pest Management (IPM) plans and prohibit the use of Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHP) in certified farms, thus directing farmers to a more safe and sustainable production system. The approach includes:

a) A Prohibited list mainly based on the FAO definition of Highly Hazardous Pesticides (HHP)

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As compared to Prohibited list that is currently used in the Rainforest Alliance system, a limited number of substances are added that were taken up in the FAO HHP categories in the meantime. These are coloured in the list below.

b) A Risk Mitigation list based on the ipmPRiME risk model. Chemicals on the Risk Mitigation list can

only be used provided specific measures, as indicated by Rainforest Alliance, are taken to limit the

risks for specific non-target groups, such as pollinators, vertebrate wildlife and aquatic life.

This list, taken up below, is the same as the one currently used in the Rainforest Alliance certification

system Risk Mitigation list.

For specific crops, exemptions in the policy can be made for agrochemicals that are difficult to phase out

immediately, while producers are working on implementing complementary measures to support elimination

of the use of the pesticide. The exemptions allow agrochemicals to be used, normally for a fixed period of

time, while complementary measures support farmers in reducing their reliance on them. The current

Rainforest Alliance system includes an exemption policy which was enforced in July 2017 and will expire by

June 30, 2020. New phase-out periods can be suggested for newly prohibited agrochemicals. The new

exemption list will depend on the strategies that are being developed.

3) THREE OPTIONS FOR CONSULTATION To move towards more sustainable farming systems, Rainforest Alliance is looking into the following options:

1. Further prohibition of a number of chemicals or even groups of chemicals in addition to the ones

listed in FAO HH, has been suggested by the agrochemical experts panel. One group of chemicals for

which this is suggested are the herbicides. These are suggested to be prohibited after a phase-out

period of three years after the standard comes into force in January 2021. In the different sectors,

innovations are taking place that show that working in other ways is possible. Prohibition of the most

toxic substances will further promote the use of alternative methods. Training and support for

farmers would be required to change the farming practices. See more information below in paragraph

4.

2. Introducing hazard-based requirements next to risk-based requirements. This could include

introducing requirements on the application methods of substances rather than fully prohibiting their

use. For example, spraying a whole field with a substance could be prohibited, while targeted / spot

application with specific equipment could still be allowed.

3. Working with the overall toxicity load per area per year rather than prohibiting specific substances. To

protect crops against pests, for instance fungi, a range of substances are often required to be rotated

throughout the year. Prohibition of certain substances can lead to using more of other substances,

increasing the overall toxic load on the area. Focusing on reducing the overall toxic load rather than a

specific substance could be a better approach. The use of less concentrated formulations can also be

considered. This is not taken into account in the current prohibition approach.

It is recognized that more support to farmers, including awareness raising, demonstrations and trainings, will

have to be provided to successfully implement further adaptations. Moreover it is recognized that some

sectors are more dependent on agrochemicals than others and will need specific measures, substances and

timelines.

In the consultation, questions will be asked on these options.

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4) MORE INFORMATION ON OPTION 1, FURTHER

PROHIBITIONS FOR SPECIFIC GROUPS OF

AGROCHEMICALS:

Herbicides

Concerning

- the herbicides Bromacil, Bentazon, Simazine, Terbuthylazine, Diuron to be prohibited,

- all herbicides to be prohibited after a phase-out period of three years.

Current situation:

- Bromacil, Bentazon and Diuron are all three on the risk mitigation list of the Rainforest

Alliance, and not on the current UTZ lists.

- Simazine is on the current risk mitigation list of the Rainforest Alliance and on the

banned Pesticide list of UTZ.

- Terbuthylazine is not on any current lists from the Rainforest Alliance nor UTZ.

Evidence is building up that a large group of herbicides cause severe and irreversible

groundwater contamination due to their high use and their particular physical properties. The

contamination leads to high costs (e.g. closing of wells, expensive filter techniques, annual

monitoring). It was suggested to add a number of such substances to the prohibited list, and

after a phase-out period of three years (until January 2024), prohibit the use of herbicides

altogether. Specifically, in perennial crops, herbs and grasses play a crucial role in providing

habitat for beneficial organism and improving soil health, carbon storage and water

infiltration. The new standard puts more emphasis on improving soil management through

applying measures such as mulching, use of cover crops and crop rotations, which at the

same time also limit the growth of weeds, thereby reducing the need to use herbicides.

Neonicotinoids and Fipronil Concerning: the three neonicotinoids Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam and Clothianidin, and

Fipronil. Current situation: In current Rainforest Alliance system, these substances were added to the

prohibited list but exemptions until June 30, 2020 were made to give time for a phase-out. In

the current UTZ system the substances are on the Watchlist.

Certain neonicotinoids and Fipronil are one of the causes of decline in populations of bees

and other pollinators. These substances are persistent, highly water soluble, highly toxic, and

systemic which means they are absorbed by all plants, making the plants toxic to pests but

also to non-targeted organisms. In 2016, Rainforest Alliance laid out a measure to ban three

neonicotinoids as well as Fipronil because of their especially high risk to pollinators. All four

were added to the prohibited list. In the UTZ system they are on the Watchlist). Although an

exceptional use policy was published in 2017, allowing their use under specific conditions,

their phase out as explained in this Rainforest Alliance policy still stands. After the

development of the earliest neonicotinoids in the nineties, including imidacloprid, less toxic

alternatives have been developed in later years. These can still be used. The recently

developed substance Flupyradifurone has similar characteristics as Imidacloprid and is

therefore proposed not to be allowed.

Nematicides Concerning: the five nematicides Cadusafos, Ethoprophos, Fenamiphos, Oxamyl and

Terbufos.

Current situation: Included in the FAO HHP lists. In current Rainforest Alliance system,

exemptions until June 30, 2020 are made for several crops. In the UTZ system the substances

are banned.

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Nematicides are highly toxic agrochemicals, and they are commonly non-selective, killing all

soil fauna and thus preventing a diverse soil life. Healthier soils will not only give the crop

better resistance against nematodes but will also enhance biological control by nematode

antagonists. For the five nematicides included in the FAO HHP prohibited list, the Rainforest

Alliance made exemptions for use until June 30, 2020. It is suggested to continue the phase-

out of these five substances. For bananas a restricted exemption is suggested for specific

applications. The commonly used method of applying the solid chemical on the ground

(granular application) is suggested to be prohibited upon enforcement of the new standard,

on January 1st, 2021. The only application remaining to be allowed is injecting the chemical

in liquid form directly into the plant, and only in affected plants. This allows for a more

efficient application and reduced leaching into the soil, groundwater and surface water.

As a complementary measure to support farmers in this reduction of the use of nematicides,

a criterion on crop rotation for non-perennials has been added to the standard as an

effective practice to prevent the build-up of pests in the soil, including nematodes.

Fungicides

Concerning

- Chlorothalonil, Epoxiconazole and Mancozeb, with an exemption for use in banana

for the first three years (use allowed until January 2024),

- Cyproconazole and Triadimenol, with an exemption for use in coffee for which no

end date is yet suggested.

Current situation:

- Chlorothalonil and Mancozeb are on the UTZ watchlist and on the Rainforest Alliance

risk mitigation list.

- Epoxiconazole is on the Rainforest Alliance prohibited list but with an exemption

under the exceptional use policy, and on the UTZ watchlist.

- Cyproconazole is not take up in any of the current lists.

- Triadimenol is on the Rainforest Alliance risk mitigation but not on any UTZ list but.

To combat diseases in crops, a range of fungicides is often rotated to avoid resistance. With

the prohibited list suggested here, care is taken to have a sufficient number of chemicals

with different modes of operation still available to rotate on the crop.

NOTE: It is noted that the current suggested approach was based on the key crops Rainforest

Alliance is working with: coffee, tea, banana and cocoa. With regards to other crops

Rainforest Alliance is working in, and also with regard to tea production in India, further

discussions are needed to work out if and how further adaptations are required.

Overview of the suggested exemptions when implementing the phase-out of the substances

mentioned

Prohibited substances

Type of agrochemical

Relevant crop Exemption

Borax, borate and boric acid

Insecticide Cocoa, coffee Exemption for nutrient addition after pest infestation and diagnosis of nutrient deficiency through leaf test in first 3 years.

Chlorothalonil Fungicide Banana Exemption is extended for 3 years for bananas, since Epoxiconazole will be banned and banana producers need enough fungicides with different modes of action to rotate and avoid resistance. Chlorothalonil will most probably be banned in the EU, which could mean that the MRL are reduced and also forcing banana producers to use less chlorothalonil.

Clothianidin Insecticide Tea Exemption for tea in India as the list of allowed a.i. in India is very restricted and no alternatives are available for now.

Cyproconazole Fungicide Coffee TBD for coffee in Brazil

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Fipronil Insecticide Cocoa, coffee Exemption in cocoa and coffee, only as treatment for termite control before establishing new plantations. New methods like biochar and marigold might be coming up in several years.

Herbicides Herbicides All crops Three-year phase-out for all crops because of persistency in the system and groundwater contamination.

Nematicides Nematicides Banana Exemption for banana for three years. Nematicides can only be applied on bananas by spot application injections (not granular), only after pest monitoring and high pest pressure. This phase out needs to be complemented by other practices: cover crops, ban on herbicides.

Rodenticides Rodenticides All crops The exemption still stands. The substances cannot be used in the field.

Thiamethoxam Insecticide Tea Exemption for tea in India against tea mosquito, tea thrips, jassids, scale insect as the allowed list of a.i. in India is very restricted and no alternatives are available for now.

Triadimenol Fungicide Coffee TBD for coffee in Brazil

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PROHIBITED PESTICIDES LIST AND RISK MITIGATION LIST

Below follow the Rainforest Alliance Prohibited Pesticides List and Risk Mitigation List.

In the Prohibited Pesticides List the following adaptations were made:

- Substances were added based on the updated respective FAO HHP lists. These are

now marked in Italics.

- A new column was added: substances with both GHS Carc 2 and GHS Repr 2

classification as the combination of these two together can be classified as a level 1

toxicity.

- Obsolete substances are removed.

The Risk Mitigation list, some substances were removed as these are now added to the

Prohibited List.

List of Prohibited Pesticides

The Rainforest Alliance List of Prohibited Pesticides consists of 136 Rainforest Alliance prohibited

pesticides:

Rainforest Alliance Prohibited Pesticides are classified as Highly Hazardous Pesticides

according to the definition of the FAO/WHO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Management

(JMPM) consisting of 136 active ingredients. The JMPM, in their 2nd session in October 2008,

recommended that highly hazardous pesticides should be defined as having one or more of

the following characteristics:

a) Pesticide formulations that meet the criteria of classes Ia (extremely hazardous) or Ib (highly

hazardous) of the WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard (indicated

in the WHO Ia and WHO Ib columns);

b) Pesticide active ingredients and their formulations that meet the criteria of carcinogenicity

Categories 1A and 1B of the Globally Harmonized System on Classification and Labelling

of Chemicals (GHS1) (indicated in the GHS Cancer 1A 1B column);

c) Pesticide active ingredients and their formulations that meet the criteria of mutagenicity

Categories 1A and 1B of the Globally Harmonized System on Classification and Labelling

of Chemicals (GHS) (indicated in the GHS muta 1A 1B column);

d) Pesticide active ingredients and their formulations that meet the criteria of reproductive

toxicity Categories 1A and 1B of the Globally Harmonized System on Classification and

Labelling of Chemicals (indicated in the GHS repro 1A 1B column);

e) Pesticide active ingredients listed by the Stockholm Convention in its Annexes A and B, and

those meeting all the criteria in paragraph 1 of Annex D of the Convention (indicated in

the Stockholm Convention column);

f) Pesticide active ingredients and formulations listed by the Rotterdam Convention in its

Annex III (indicated in the Rotterdam Convention column);

g) Pesticides listed under the Montreal Protocol (indicated in the Montreal Protocol column);

h) Pesticide active ingredients and formulations that have shown a high incidence of severe

or irreversible adverse effects on human health or the environment (indicated in the Severe

Effects column): when this list was issued, Rainforest Alliance interpreted this WHO/FAO

parameter with the reclassification of the current Rainforest Alliance prohibition of

paraquat dichloride, as scientific evidence had revealed that this substance poses severe

risks to human health. Atrazine was also included in this list because of scientific evidence

of water contamination. Additionally, the three neonicotinoids clothianidin, imidacloprid

and thiamethoxam and the phenylpyrazole fipronil were incorporated in the Rainforest

Alliance Prohibited Pesticide List, because they significantly affect bee populations, other

pollinators and birds, can persist for years in soils, and can leach into waterways and

groundwater, where they have depleted insect abundance and diversity. Rainforest

Alliance also included the three active ingredients aluminum phosphide, magnesium

1 According to: Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December

2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures

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phosphide and phosphine in the list, as their use as a fumigant to control rodent

populations in storage facilities can lead to death by inhalation.

The Rainforest Alliance List of Prohibited Pesticides will be reviewed annually by Rainforest

Alliance’s technical experts. Pesticides added to the respective reference lists of the Montreal

Protocol, Rotterdam Convention, Stockholm Convention, WHO (Class Ia or Ib), or GHS

(carcinogenicity 1A/1B, mutagenicity 1A/1B, reproductive toxicity 1A/1B) will be included into

a revised version of this list. New evidence of substances causing high incidence of severe or

irreversible harm to human health or the environment will also be considered. Newly added

substances will be subject to a phase-out period for certified farms or group administrators.

Many pesticides are considered highly hazardous, because of acute toxicity and chronic

effects, even at low exposure levels. These pesticides pose unacceptable risks in developing

countries because risk reduction measures such as Personal Protective Equipment or

maintenance and calibration of application equipment are frequently not readily

implemented, or not effective. The following list of 136 Highly Hazardous Pesticides is consistent

with Article 7.5 of the FAO Code of Conduct, which relates to the prohibition of substances

that, based on risk assessment, pose unacceptable risks after risk mitigation and marketing

measures have been considered.

Pesticide CAS number

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1) Acetochlor 34256-82-1

2) Acrolein 107-02-8

3) Alachlor 15972-60-8

4) Aldicarb 116-06-3

5) Alpha-BHC; alpha-HCH 319-84-6

6) Alpha-chlorohydrin 96-24-2

7) Aluminum phosphide 20859-73-8

8) Anthracene oil 90640-80-5

9) Arsenic and its

compounds 7778-39-4

10) Atrazine 1912-24-9

11) Azafenidin 68049-83-2

12) Azinphos-ethyl 2642-71-9

13) Azinphos-methyl 86-50-0

14) Benomyl 17804-35-2

15) Beta-cyfluthrin;

Cyfluthrin 68359-37-5

16) Beta-HCH; beta-BCH 319-85-7

17) Blasticidin-S 2079-00-7

18) Borax; disodium

tetraborate

decahydrate

1303-96-4

19) Boric acid 10043-35-3

20) Brodifacoum 56073-10-0

21) Bromadiolone 28772-56-7

22) Bromethalin 63333-35-7

23) Butoxycarboxim 34681-23-7

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Pesticide CAS number

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24) Cadusafos 95465-99-9

25) Calcium cyanide 592-01-8

26) Captafol 2425-06-1

27) Carbendazim 10605-21-7

28) Carbetamide 16118-49-3

29) Carbofuran 1563-66-2

30) Chlordane 57-74-9

31) Chlorethoxyphos 54593-83-8

32) Chlorfenvinphos 470-90-6

33) Chlormephos 24934-91-6

34) Chlorophacinone 3691-35-8

35) Chlorothalonil 1897-45-6

36) Chlorotoluron 15545-48-9

37) Clothianidin 210880-92-5

38) Coumaphos 56-72-4

39) Coumatetralyl 5836-29-3

40) Creosote 8001-58-9

41) Cyproconazole 94361-06-5

42) DDT 50-29-3

43) Demeton-S-methyl 919-86-8

44) Dichlorvos; DDVP 62-73-7

45) Dicrotophos 141-66-2

46) Difenacoum 56073-07-5

47) Difethialone 104653-34-1

48) Dimoxystrobin 149961-52-4

49) Dinocap 39300-45-3

50) Dinoterb 1420-07-1

51) Diphacinone 82-66-6

52) Disulfoton 298-04-4

53) DNOC and its salts 534-52-1

54) Edifenphos 17109-49-8

55) Endosulfan 115-29-7

56) Endosulfan I (alpha) 959-98-8

57) E-Phosphamidon 297-99-4

58) Epichlorohydrin 106-89-8

59) EPN 2104-64-5

60) Epoxiconazole 133855-98-8

61) Ethiofencarb 29973-13-5

62) Ethoprophos;

Ethoprop 13194-48-4

63) Ethylene dibromide;

1,2-dibromoethane 106-93-4

64) Ethylene dichloride;

1,2-Dichloroethane 107-06-2

65) Ethylene oxide 75-21-8

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Pesticide CAS number

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66) Ethylene thiourea 96-45-7

67) Famphur 52-85-7

68) Fenamiphos 22224-92-6

69) Fenchlorazole-ethyl 103112-35-2

70) Fentin Acetate 900-95-8

71) Fentin Hydroxide 76-87-9

72) Fipronil 120068-37-3

73) Flocoumafen 90035-08-8

74) Fluazifop-butyl 69806-50-4

75) Flucythrinate 70124-77-5

76) Flumioxazin 103361-09-7

77) Fluoroacetamide 640-19-7

78) Flusilazole 85509-19-9

79) Formetanate 22259-30-9

80) Furathiocarb 65907-30-4

81) Glufosinate-

ammonium 77182-82-2

82) Heptenophos 23560-59-0

83) Hexachlorobenzene 118-74-1

84) Hexchlorocyclohexane;

BHC mixed isomers 608-73-1

85) Hydrogen cyanide 74-90-8

86) Imidacloprid 138261-41-3

87) Isoxathion 18854-01-8

88) Lindane 58-89-9

89) Linuron 330-55-2

90) Magnesium phosphide 12057-74-8

91) Mecarbam 2595-54-2

92) Mercury and its

compounds 7439-97-6

93) Methamidophos 10265-92-6

94) Methidathion 950-37-8

95) Methiocarb 2032-65-7

96) Methomyl 16752-77-5

97) Methyl bromide 74-83-9

98) Mevinphos 7786-34-7

99) Molinate 2212-67-1

100) Monocrotophos 6923-22-4

101) Nicotine 54-11-5

102) Nitrobenzene 98-95-3

103) Omethoate 1113-02-6

104) Oxamyl 23135-22-0

105) Oxydemeton-

methyl 301-12-2

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Pesticide CAS number

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106) Paraquat

dichloride 1910-42-5

107) Parathion 56-38-2

108) Parathion-methyl 298-00-0

109) PCP;

Pentachlorphenol 87-86-5

110) Pentachlorobenze

ne 608-93-5

111) Phorate 298-02-2

112) Phosphamidon 13171-21-6

113) Phosphine 7803-51-2

114) Profoxydim 139001-49-3

115) Propetamphos 31218-83-4

116) Propiconazole 60207-90-1

117) Propylene oxide,

Oxirane 75-56-9

118) Quizalofop-p-tefuryl 119738-06-6

119) Silafluofen 105024-66-6

120) Sodium fluoroacetate

(1080) 62-74-8

121) Sodium cyanide 143-33-9

122) Spirodiclofen 148477-71-8

123) Strychnine 57-24-9

124) Sulfluramid 4151-50-2

125) Sulfotep 3689-24-5

126) Tebupirimifos 96182-53-5

127) Tefluthrin 79538-32-2

128) Tepraloxydim 149979-41-9

129) Terbufos 13071-79-9

130) Thiamethoxam 153719-23-4

131) Thiofanox 39196-18-4

132) Thiourea 62-56-6

133) Thiometon 640-15-3

134) Thiram in

formulations with

benomyl and

carbofuran only

137-26-8

135) Triadimenol 55219-65-3

136) Triazophos 24017-47-8

137) Trichlorfon;

metrifonato

52-68-6

138) Tridemorph 81412-43-3

139) Triflumizole 68694-11-1

140) Vamidothion 2275-23-2

141) Vinclozolin 50471-44-8

142) Warfarin 81-81-2

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Pesticide CAS number

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143) zeta-Cypermethrin 52315-07-8z

144) Zinc phosphide 1314-84-7

145) Z-Phosphamidon 23783-98-4

List of Pesticides for Use with Risk Mitigation The 2017 Rainforest Alliance List of Pesticides for Use with Risk Mitigation specifies risk associated with,

and requirements to mitigate the risks of 163 pesticides (listed in the table below) to human

workers/bystanders, aquatic life, wildlife and pollinators.

The analysis of these 166 substances is based on the Oregon State University Integrated Plant Protection

Center’s state-of-the-science risk assessment tool ipmPRiME and a risk model that identifies moderate

to high (10% or greater) risk:

1. Risk to aquatic life subject to the mitigation criterion 3.27:

Pesticides qualified for this risk category if one or more ipmPRiME aquatic risk models (aquatic

algae, aquatic invertebrates, or fish chronic risk) exhibited high risk at a typical application rate.

2. Risk to wildlife subject to the mitigation criterion 3.27:

Pesticides qualified for this risk category if one or more ipmPRiME terrestrial risk models (avian

reproductive, avian acute, or small mammal risk) exhibited high risk at a typical application rate.

3. Risk to pollinators subject to the mitigation criterion 3.29:

Pesticides were selected based on a widely-used hazard quotient (HQ) resulting of pesticide

application rate (AR) in g a.i./ha, and contact LD50 for the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Values of

HQ<50 have been validated as low risk in the European Union, and monitoring indicates that

products with an HQ>2,500 are associated with a high risk of hive loss. The HQ value used by

Rainforest Alliance is >350, corresponding to a 15% risk of hive loss. The quotient includes a

correction for systemic pesticides, where risks to bees are amplified.

4. Inhalation risk subject to the mitigation requirements listed in critical criterion 4.15:

Inhalation risk to bystanders was calculated using the ipmPRiME model for inhalation toxicity

(Jepson et al., 20142) calculated on the basis of child exposure and susceptibility. This index is

protective for workers who may enter fields during or after application, and also bystanders.

The Rainforest Alliance List of Pesticides for Use with Risk Mitigation will be reviewed annually by

Rainforest Alliance’s technical experts. Pesticides added to the respective reference lists of the Oregon State

University’s Integrated Plant Protection Center will be included within a revised version of this list.

Pesticide CAS

number

Risk to

Aquatic

life

(3.27)

Risk to

Wildlif

e

(3.27)

Risk to

Pollinator

s

(3.29)

Inhalation

risk

(4.15)

1) 1,3-Dichloropropene 542-75-6

2) 2,4-D, 2-ethylhexyl ester 1928-43-4

3) 2,4-D, isooctyl ester 53404-37-8

4) Acephate 30560-19-1

5) Acequinocyl 57960-19-7

2 Jepson, P.C., Guzy, M., Blaustein, K., Sow, M., Sarr, M., Mineau, P., Kegley, S. (2014) Measuring pesticide ecological

and health risks in West African agriculture to establish an enabling environment for sustainable intensification.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0491

13

Pesticide CAS

number

Risk to

Aquatic

life

(3.27)

Risk to

Wildlif

e

(3.27)

Risk to

Pollinator

s

(3.29)

Inhalation

risk

(4.15)

6) Acetamiprid 135410-20-7

7) Acifluorfen, sodium salt 62476-59-9

8) Amitraz 33089-61-1

9) Amitrole 61-82-5

10) Anilazine 101-05-3

11) Avermectin 71751-41-2

12) Azoxystrobin 131860-33-8

13) Bendiocarb 22781-23-3

14) Benfluralin 1861-40-1

15) Bensulide 741-58-2

16) Bentazon, sodium salt 50723-80-3

17) Bifenthrin 82657-04-3

18) Bromacil 314-40-9

19) Bromoxynil heptanoate 56634-95-8

20) Bromoxynil octanoate 1689-99-2

21) Captan 133-06-2

22) Carbaryl 63-25-2

23) Chlorine dioxide 10049-04-4

24) Chlormequat chloride 999-81-5

25) Chloropicrin 76-06-2

26) Chlorpyrifos 2921-88-2

27) Chlorpyrifos-methyl 5598-13-0

28) Copper hydroxide 20427-59-2

29) Copper oxide (ic) 1317-38-0

30) Copper oxide (ous) 1317-39-1

31) Copper oxychloride 1332-40-7

32) Copper oxychloride sulfate 8012-69-9

33) Copper sulfate (anhydrous) 7758-98-7

34) Copper sulfate (pentahydrate) 7758-99-8

35) Cube extracts

36) Cyanazine 21725-46-2

37) Cycloate 1134-23-2

38) Cyhalothrin, gamma 76703-62-3

39) Cyhalothrin, lambda 91465-08-6

40) Cypermethrin 52315-07-8

41) Cypermethrin, beta 65731-84-2

42) Dazomet 533-74-4

43) Deltamethrin 52918-63-5

44) Diazinon 333-41-5

45) Dichlobenil 1194-65-6

46) Dichloran 99-30-9

47) Diclofop-methyl 51338-27-3

48) Dicofol 115-32-2

49) Difenzoquat methyl sulfate 43222-48-6

14

Pesticide CAS

number

Risk to

Aquatic

life

(3.27)

Risk to

Wildlif

e

(3.27)

Risk to

Pollinator

s

(3.29)

Inhalation

risk

(4.15)

50) Diflubenzuron 35367-38-5

51) Dimethenamid-P 163515-14-8

52) Dimethoate 60-51-5

53) Dinotefuran 165252-70-0

54) Diphenylamine 122-39-4

55) Diquat dibromide 85-00-7

56) Diquat ion 2764-72-9

57) Diuron 330-54-1

58) Dodine 2439-10-3

59) D-trans Allethrin (Bioallethrin) 584-79-2

60) Emamectin benzoate 137512-74-4

61) EPTC 759-94-4

62) Esfenvalerate 66230-04-4

63) Ethalfluralin 55283-68-6

64) Ethion 563-12-2

65) Etoxazole 153233-91-1

66) Famoxadone 131807-57-3

67) Fenbutatin-oxide 13356-08-6

68) Fenitrothion 122-14-5

69) Fenoxycarb 79127-80-3

70) Fenpropathrin 39515-41-8

71) Fenpyroximate 134098-61-6

72) Fentin hydroxide 76-87-9

73) Ferbam 14484-64-1

74) Fluazinam 79622-59-6

75) Flufenacet 142459-58-3

76) Fluopyram 658066-35-4

77) Folpet 133-07-3

78) Fomesafen sodium 108731-70-0

79) Formaldehyde 50-00-0

80) Formetanate hydrochloride 23422-53-9

81) Glyphosate, isopropylamine

salt

38641-94-0

82) Glyphosate-trimesium 81591-81-3

83) Hexazinone 51235-04-2

84) Hydrogen cyanamide 420-04-2

85) Indoxacarb, S-isomer 173584-44-6

86) Iodosulfuron methyl, sodium

salt

144550-36-7

87) Isoxaben 82558-50-7

88) Lenacil 2164-08-1

89) Lime-sulfur 1344-81-6

90) Malathion 121-75-5

15

Pesticide CAS

number

Risk to

Aquatic

life

(3.27)

Risk to

Wildlif

e

(3.27)

Risk to

Pollinator

s

(3.29)

Inhalation

risk

(4.15)

91) Maleic hydrazide, potassium

salt

28382-15-2

92) Mancozeb 8018-01-7

93) Maneb 12427-38-2

94) MCPA, 2-ethyl hexyl ester 29450-45-1

95) MCPA, isooctyl ester 26544-20-7

96) Metalaxyl 57837-19-1

97) Metam potassium 137-41-7

98) Metconazole 125116-23-6

99) Methoprene 40596-69-8

100) Methoxychlor 72-43-5

101) Methyl iodide 74-88-4

102) Methyl isothiocyanate 556-61-6

103) Metiram 9006-42-2

104) Metolachlor 51218-45-2

105) Metolachlor, (S) 87392-12-9

106) Metribuzin 21087-64-9

107) Mineral oil, refined 8042-47-5

108) Myclobutanil 88671-89-0

109) Nabam 142-59-6

110) Naled 300-76-5

111) Napropamide 15299-99-7

112) Norflurazon 27314-13-2

113) Novaluron 116714-46-6

114) Ortho-phenylphenol 90-43-7

115) Ortho-phenylphenol, sodium

salt

132-27-4

116) Oryzalin 19044-88-3

117) Oxadiazon 19666-30-9

118) Oxycarboxin 5259-88-1

119) Oxyfluorfen 42874-03-3

120) Oxythioquinox 2439-01-2

121) PCNB (Quintozene) 82-68-8

122) Pendimethalin 40487-42-1

123) Permethrin 52645-53-1

124) Phosalone 2310-17-0

125) Phosmet 732-11-6

126) Pirimicarb 23103-98-2

127) Prometryn 7287-19-6

128) Propamocarb hydrochloride 25606-41-1

129) Propanil 709-98-8

130) Propargite 2312-35-8

131) Propoxur 114-26-1

132) Prosulfuron 94125-34-5

16

Pesticide CAS

number

Risk to

Aquatic

life

(3.27)

Risk to

Wildlif

e

(3.27)

Risk to

Pollinator

s

(3.29)

Inhalation

risk

(4.15)

133) Pyraclostrobin 175013-18-0

134) Pyrethrins 8003-34-7

135) Pyridaben 96489-71-3

136) Resmethrin 10453-86-8

137) Rotenone 83-79-4

138) S-Dimethenamid 163515-14-8

139) Simazine 122-34-9

140) Sodium chlorate 7775-09-9

141) Sodium dimethyl dithio

carbamate

128-04-1

142) Sodium hypochlorite 7681-52-9

143) Sodium tetrathiocarbonate 7345-69-9

144) Spinetoram (XDE-175-J) 187166-40-1

935545-74-7

145) Spinosad (mixture of Factors A

& D)

131929-60-7

146) Sulfentrazone 122836-35-5

147) Terrazole; etridiazole 2593-15-9

148) Tetrachlorvinphos, Z-isomer 22248-79-9

149) Tetraconazole 112281-77-3

150) Thiabendazole 148-79-8

151) Thiacloprid 111988-49-9

152) Thiobencarb 28249-77-6

153) Thiodicarb 59669-26-0

154) Thiophanate-methyl 23564-05-8

155) Tolfenpyrad 129558-76-5

156) Triallate 2303-17-5

157) Triclopyr, triethylamine salt 57213-69-1

158) Trifloxystrobin 141517-21-7

159) Trifluralin 1582-09-8

160) Triforine 26644-46-2

161) Triticonazole 131983-72-7

162) Zineb 12122-67-7

163) Ziram 137-30-4