Annexe 1 Bibliography of Dutch Foreign Policy Archives Consulted The chronology of Dutch policy interventions has been partly based on the following sample of files. These files are located at the various archives of the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs. A total of 55 files has been analyzed.

1. DDI/BB/OSAF/’85-’90/06035

2. DDI/BB/OSAF/’85-’90/02643

3. DDI/BB/DAF/2015/00307

4. DDI/BB/DAF/2015/00367

5. DDI/BB/DAF/2016/00204

6. DDI/BB/DAF/2016/00205

7. DDI/BB/DAF/2017/00323

8. DDI/BB/DAF/2016/00170

9. DDI/BB/DAF/2017/00575

10. DDI/BB/DAF/2015/00332

11. DDI/BB/DAF/2016/00029

12. DDI/BB/DAF/2013/00150

13. DDI/BB/DAF/2015/00077

14. DDI/DCH/2019/00581

15. DDI/DCH/2019/00583

16. DDI/DCH/2019/00514

17. DDI/DCH/2019/00423

18. DDI/DCH/2019/00204

19. DDI/DCH/2018/00106

20. DDI/BB/DMP/2025/00583

21. DDI/BB/DMP/M1/2002/00296

22. DDI/BB/DMP/M2/2002/00460

23. DDI/BB/DMP/2025/01260

24. DDI/BB/DMP/2025/01244

25. DDI/BB/DMP/NH/2017/00402

26. DDI/BB/DMP/2025/01354

27. DDI/BB/DMP/2025/01442

28. DDI/BB/DMP/ARA/00235

29. DDI/BB/DMP/ARA/00125

30. DDI/BB/DMP/ARA/00234

31. DDI/BB/DMP/ARA/00257

32. DDI/BB/DMP/NH/2017/00263

33. DDI/DAM/2002/00012

34. DDI/DAM/2001/00003

35. DDI/BB/DAM/ARA/00966

36. DDI/BB/DAM/ARA/00967

37. DDI/BB/DAM/ARA/00531

38. DDI/BB/DAM/ARA/00532

39. DDI/BB/DAM/ARA/00553

40. DDI/BB/DAM/ARA/00541

41. DDI/DAF/MA/MAP A

42. DDI/DAF/MA/MAP B

43. DDI/DAF/MA/MAP A/1997

44. DDI/DAF/MA/MAP B/1998

45. DDI/DAF/MA/MAP A/TK

46. DDI/BB/DAM/ARA/00545

47. DDI/DAM/2001/00214

48. DDI/DAM/ARA/01628

49. DDI/BB/DAF/2012/00247

50. DDI/DAM/2002/00218

51. DDI/BB/DAF/2017/00577

52. DDI/DAF/MA/MAP C

53. DDI/DAF/MA/ARA/00658

54. DDI/DAF/MA/MAP C/2

55. DDI/DAF/MA/MAP C/1996

Annexe 2 Search Questions Dutch Foreign Policy Archives The following list contains an overview of the various search questions used: 1) Land en Regio - Land

Rwanda or Ruanda (totaal aantal dossiers: 1913) - Regio

Grote Meren Gebied (totaal aantal dossiers: 1975) 2) Periode - Periode

Jaarva. 1988-01-01 // 1998-12-31 2A) - Periode voor 1990:

1. Code / geen archief vermeld – inventaris 2. DAF-> OS – DDI/OSAF 3. DAM -> BZ – DDI/DAM 4. DMP/CDB

2B) - Periode 1990-1996:

1. DAF – OS – DDI/DAF 2. DAM – BZ – DDI/DAM 3. DMP/NH

2C) - Periode vanaf 1996 (sept. herijking):

1. DAF -> BZ + OS Afrika = DDI/DAF (DAM is nu Noord-Afrika en Midden-Oosten) 2. DCH/HH, CP

3) Overige search questions 3A) - Deel-uitdraaien:

-> kamervragen -> bijeenkomsten -> dienstreizen/bezoeken/missies

3B) - Beleid:

OS -> code: 610.300 en achtergrondinformatie 3C) - Overig specificatie:

EU/EG/EPS VN/UN SNV

3D) - CP ‘verhaal’:

DMP/NH -> JUA Democratisering en good governance DCO – onderzoek DSI/MY – maatschappelijke ontw. SBO DVB DMD – mensenrechten

Annexe 3 List of Visits to Rwanda by Minister Pronk Visits to Rwanda by Minister Pronk (codename R):

In chronological order

1) 11/17-05-1994 Rwanda

2) 17/21-07-1994 Goma (Zaire)

3) 21/24-10-1994 Rwanda, Burundi, Zaire

4) 06/12-04-1995 Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zaire

5) 16/22-05-1995 Rwanda, Kenia, Sudan

6) 05/06-09-1995 Rwanda

7) 02/03-11-1995 Rwanda

8) 27/30-04-1996 Rwanda

9) 10/12-11-1996 Rwanda, Zaire

10) 16/19-10-1997 Great Lakes

11) 04/08-03-1997 Rwanda, Burundi, Kenia, Zaire

Annexe 4 Dutch ODA to Rwanda 1992-1998

0

5.000.000

10.000.000

15.000.000

20.000.000

25.000.000

30.000.000

35.000.000

40.000.000

45.000.000

50.000.000

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

via Dutchgov.via MFO's

via NGO's

via IGO's

via SNV

Dutch Government aid to Ruanda (sources:MIDAS, FOS, GBS, DAS)

via Dutch gov. via MFO's via NGO's via IGO's via SNV total

1992 76.809,00 515.605,00 1.849.056,00 325.320,00 2.171.899,00 4.938.689,00

1993 23.440,00 1.625.409,00 6.002.336,00 2.000.000,00 1.361.687,00 11.012.872,00

1994 2.588.878,00 1.246.882,00 13.551.319,00 38.497.128,00 487.299,00 56.371.506,00

1995 5.469.066,37 0,00 16.788.544,92 49.127.400,00 68.020,31 71.453.031,60

1996 9.566.823,88 0,00 8.743.031,53 39.208.348,04 5.105.038,00 62.623.241,45

1997 7.032.329,48 1.648.000,00 8.288.003,59 26.903.550,54 6.311.312,00 50.183.195,61

1998 6.897.053,90 627.300,00 14.604.389,78 23.231.550,53 5.377.870,00 50.738.164,21

Annexe 5 Ranking of Bilateral ODA Donors before and after the Genocide (millions of US$)

Pre-genocide Post-genocide Rank Donor 1991-1993 Rank Donor 1995-1997

1 Belgium 138 1 Germany 124 2 Germany 122 2 United States 120 3 France 97 3 Netherlands 117 4 United States 60 4 Belgium 66 5 Switzerland 51 5 United Kingdom 64 6 Canada 46 6 Canada 59 7 Japan 40 7 Norway 52 8 Austria 24 8 Switzerland 47 9 Netherlands 18 9 France 26

10 Italy 7 10 Ireland 16 11 Sweden 5 11 Sweden 13 12 Denmark 4 12 Spain 13 13 Luxembourg 3 13 Italy 12 14 United Kingdom 2 14 Japan 10 15 Norway 2 15 Australia 9 16 Finland 1 16 Austria 8 17 Spain 1 17 Luxembourg 5 18 Ireland 0 18 Finland 5 19 Australia 0 19 Denmark 3 20 New Zealand 0 20 New Zealand 1 21 Portugal 0 21 Portugal 0

Source: From Baare, A., D. Shearer & P. Uvin, ‘Case Study: Rwanda’, OECD (Paris, 1999), pp. 48. Based on OECD online Database Table 2a.

Net ODA from DAC-countries to Rwanda(in millions of dollars)

0100200300400500600

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

Total bilat

multilat