annexures technical specifications - jda
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JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
ANNEXURES – TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
TURNKEY IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ITS REDUNDANCY LOOP
REA VAYA BUS RAPID TRANSPORT SYSTEM
PHASE 1C
PLANNING, DESIGN, BUILDING, MONITORING AND INFRASTRUCTURE
SECURITY OF THE OPTICAL FIBRE NETWORK
WORK PACKAGE: 15N
City of Johannesburg Johannesburg Development Agency
No 3 President Street The Bus Factory Newtown Johannesburg, 2000
PO Box 61877 Tel +27(0) 11 688 7851 (O) Marshalltown Fax +27(0) 11 688 7899/63 2107 e-mail: [email protected]
www.jda.org.za www.joburg.org.za
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) TURNKEY IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ITS REDUNDANCY LOOP
REA VAYA BUS RAPID TRANSPORT SYSTEM PHASE 1C
PLANNING, DESIGN, BUILDING, MONITORING AND INFRASTRUCTURE
SECURITY OF THE OPTICAL FIBRE NETWORK WORK PACKAGE: 15N
CONTRACT No: JDA-WP 15N-02
Contents
A. 110mm HDPE Sleeves and Warning Tape ......................................... 3 B. 7 way (12/10) micro duct ..................................................................... 4 C. Splice Closures ................................................................................... 7 D. Post Installation Duct Integrity Test (DIT) procedure ....................... 8 E. Optical Fibre Cable Drum Handling and Pre-Installation
Test Procedure .................................................................................. 19 F. Optical Fibre Cable Post-Installation Test Procedure ..................... 27 G. Optical Fibre Conformance Test Procedure .................................... 32 H. 72 core G652.D cable to be installed in 12/10 micro duct :
Technical Specifications for Micro Duct Optical Fibre Cables ....... 42
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
A. 110mm HDPE Sleeves and Warning Tape
1. 110mm HDPE sleeves
110mm sleeves shall be manufactured from HDPE material manufactured to SANS IEC
61386-24:2005 (Type N 450) “Conduit systems for cable management Part 24: Particular
requirements – Conduit systems buried underground”.
Double wall corrugated construction provides high ring stiffness.
Smooth bore ensures easy draw-in of cables.
The pipes shall carry the SABS certification mark in respect of specification.
Push fit couplings shall include rubber sealing ring.
2. Warning tape
Warning tape shall be installed during the backfill process. The warning tape shall be
installed a minimum of 300mm above the ducts. The warning tape shall be of yellow colour
and 150mm wide x 200 micron thick. The warning tape shall have the following wording in
thick black lettering:
“WARNING FIBRE OPTIC CABLE – PHONE JDA (“number to be confirmed”)”
3
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B. 7 way (12/10) micro duct[GS1]
1. General
The following ducts shall be supplied:
7-way duct consisting of 7 x 12/10 mm HDPE micro duct with a minimum 2mm thick
HDPE outer jacket to renderer the duct suitable for direct burial;
End caps for the respective size ducts and micro ducts;
Ducts to be supplied on steel reels (preferred) or on wooden drums. Should ducts be
supplied on wooden drums then all the ducts and sub-ducts shall be tested in factory
and on delivery for deformation by blowing a ball bearing of 85% of the internal
diameter of the duct.
The minimum length of any duct type ordered will depend on the proven manufacture
capacity of the Manufacturer.
2. Material properties
The duct and micro duct must have the following material characteristics:
Construction: Outer layer HDPE; Inner layer silicone layer co-extruded;
Extruded from 100% prime grade virgin PE (Polyethylene) in accordance with
ISO1872-1 (ISO1872-2) Class N;
Working life: 20 years;
UV stability: 1-year outdoor storage; and
Chemical resistance: Pass ISO/TR10358.
The following are indicative values for the HDPE – the supplier must provide the minimum
specifications:
Melt index (190oC/2.16kg): 0.33g/10 minutes
Density: 0.950g/cm3
Tensile strength at yield point: 26 Mpa
Elongation at break: > 500%
Flexural stress 3.5% deflection: 22 Mpa
Charpy notched impact strength:23kJ/m2 at 23oC
Charpy notched impact strength:20kJ/m2 at -30oC
Shore hardness D: 62
Vicat softening point: 80oC using load of 5kg
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3. Physical characteristics
The 12/10 micro duct shall have the following physical characteristics:
Manufactured to ISO 9001 certification
Outer Diameter: 12.0mm with +/- variance of 0.1mm
Wall thickness: 1.0mm with +0.0mm to -0.1mm variance
Ovality: <5%
Air pressure rating: 10 bar for 5 minutes
Minimum tensile force at yield: 445N
Reversion ISO 2505 < 3%
Coefficient of friction: <0.1
Ball testing: 85% of internal diameter ball passes freely
4. Colour coding:
Ducts and micro ducts shall be colour coded in different colours to ensure ease of
identification.
Outer sheath shall be Yellow according to the TIA/EIA 598 colour code
Micro ducts: 7-way: Blue, Orange, Green, Brown, Slate, White, Red
5. Packaging for transport:
The ducts must be supplied on steel reels. A rebate price must be provided for all steel reels
returned to supplier in an acceptable condition.
The individual reels shall carry the following markings:
JDA
Manufacturer’s Name
Reel Number / Duct Identification Number
Duct Length in meters
Type of Duct
Gross weight in kgs
Arrow of Rotation
6. Compression couplings and end caps:
Compression couplings – Plasson or similar approved for different size ducts and micro
ducts
Minimum pressure rating of 16 Bar
End caps as approved for different size ducts and micro ducts
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7. Factory acceptance tests:
The supplier shall provide facilities for factory acceptance tests and shall state the process to
be carried out for factory acceptance testing.
The cost shall be included in the per meter rate for the duct.
JDA reserves the right to witness the factory acceptance tests.
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
C. Splice Closures
1. INTRODUCTION
There are many splice closures available for different applications and for different cable
configurations. It is important that when selecting a splice closure, the product should be
versatile and well-constructed closure. The dimensions and configurations of the various closure
types will vary but the basic principles of the preparation and the splicing will be very similar.
2. GENERIC CHARACTERISCTICS
The Optical Fibre Splice Closure should be an environmentally sealed enclosure for the fibre
management system that provides the function of splicing in the external network.
The Optical Fibre Splice Closure needs to provide for all cable terminations and sealing
requirements.
The closure would typically be a single ended design made of a thermoplastic material. The base
and dome are sealed with a clamp and pre-installed Gel-O-ring system.
The closure should typically allow a total of six (6) cables, with a diameter of minimum 9mm and
maximum 25mm, to be terminated.
The closure can be opened and closed repeatedly without the need to replace the sealant.
The closure can be used in both underground or in overhead network designs.
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D. Post Installation Duct Integrity Test (DIT) procedure
1. SCOPE
This document describes the complete procedure of the post-installation Duct Integrity Tests
(DIT) that must be performed on all newly laid cable ducts.
In cases where ducts were installed on previous projects it is recommended that the ducts be
subjected to a second DIT prior to a new cable installation.
2. PURPOSE OF DIT TESTS
The purpose of the duct integrity tests is to ensure and to certify that all the installed ducts
are;
Continuous,
Connected according to the correct color codes and are not crossed,
Leak free,
Free from deformities and,
Free from dirt particles and water.
Only after this status has been obtained and certified may cables be installed into the ducts.
3. REFERENCE DOCUMENTATION
CBI Electric – Optical Fibre Cable Installation, Splicing & Testing.
HDPE Duct Specification – CBI Electric.
Duct Integrity Test Procedure Prior to Installation – Fibre Optic Telecoms (FOT).
4. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
DIT – Duct Integrity Test
CFM – cubic feet per minute
5. EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS
Compressor
An air compressor that can handle a minimum of 10.5 bar of output pressure with a
100 CFM rating must be used when performing the tests.
Air Filters shall be fitted at all times in order to remove moisture.
Air after-coolers must be provided when compressors are not fitted with built-in after-
coolers.
Compressors must be fitted with air intake filters. The filters will reduce the intake of
dirt and contaminants.
A 10.5 bar air dispenser with air flow meter is to be connected to the compressor
when performing the tests.
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Mandrel specification (for checking deformities)
The mandrel to be used shall be made of Nylon or Teflon with rounded off ends.
The mandrel diameter must be 85% of the inside diameter of the duct to be tested.
This equates to 8.5mm for 12/10mm ducts and,
For the 32/26mm ducts it must be 22mm.
The mandrel length must be approximately five (6) times the inside diameter of the duct. Rounded off
figures will equate to:
±60mm long for 12/10mm ducts and
±150mm long for 32/26mm ducts.
Mandrel sizes for other duct sizes must be calculated in the same manner.
Sponges (for cleaning and drying)
The sponge will have a diameter twice the inner diameter of the duct and a length of 5
times the inner diameter of the duct.
The sponge must be high density of at least 28 grams /cft
Pressure gauge and connector manifold
There are various configurations of manifolds that are used for connecting the air
supplies to the ducts to be tested.
The most practical is to have a manifold fitted with a number of gauges and valves so
that the tests can be done on several ducts simultaneously.
An example of a typical manifold is shown below for reference (Figure 1).
FIGURE 1: MANIFOLD WITH GAUGES, VALVES AND DUCT CONNECTORS
6. TESTS TO BE PERFORMED
The following tests must be performed on all newly laid ducts. It is extremely important that
the sequence of these tests be strictly adhered to:
Air-Pass test (continuity and blockage test).
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Sponge blowing test (cleaning).
Mandrel test (check for deformities).
Pressure test (test for air leakages).
7. AIR-PASS TEST
Principle
The Air-Pass test is performed on every duct and the individual micro-ducts of a multi
way duct to confirm end-to-end continuity between the two access points.
Air is introduced from one end of the duct and the resultant flow is observed at the far
end of the duct.
If the air escapes from the far end of the duct then it is established that the duct is
continuous.
If a reduced volume of air or no air emerges at the far end it must be considered that
a blockage could have occurred.
The fault has to be identified, localized and rectified before proceeding with any
further testing.
Procedure
Prepare (open-up) the duct ends to prepare for the DIT.
The Air-Pass test is performed on each individual duct and micro-duct to confirm end-
to-end continuity between the two access points.
The individual ducts from the Manhole or Jointing Pit must be connected to the duct
calibrating equipment.
The other end of the duct calibrating equipment must be coupled to the outlet of the
air compressor by means of a flexible air-hose.
On the downstream end, the micro duct is secured in a suitable mesh wired flexible
grip (cable pulling sock) to avoid any accidents in the event of a pebble or solid
particle already present inside the micro-duct before the start of Air-Pass testing
procedure.
When the set-up is ready, open the air discharge valve from the compressor slowly.
The air starts flowing in a controlled fashion via the regulator on the duct calibrating
equipment into the micro duct. Pressure stabilization in the micro-duct will take
approximately 20 seconds. The standard multi-duct length which can be put to test is
1000m.
Normal Air discharge: If the air discharged at the far-end is sufficient, then the micro-
duct length under test is deemed to have passed the Air-Pass test.
Low Pressure Discharge: If the observed pressure at the downstream end is less than
the norm, there may be a possibility of air leakage from a loose coupler, micro-duct
puncture, partial blockage or cuts on the multi-duct etc. in between the points of
testing. If this test fails, the joints at the marked coupler points in the section must be
opened to locate and repair possible loose or un-secured couplings.
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Back Pressure: If the pressure observed on the regulator pressure dial is more than
the set pressure, then there may be possibility of a blockage due to several causes –
e.g. deformity in the micro-duct, severe kinks, crush, bends, severe indentations, etc.
giving rise to back pressure. If the back-pressure test fails, a Crush & Deformity test
must be carried out.
Details of faults found must be noted on the DIT certificate and a supporting site
instruction must be handed to the relevant contractor for immediate remedial action.
Possible causes of the failure can be:
Missing ducts,
Ducts not connected through,
Damaged ducts or,
Wrong connection on duct colors.
Warning: During the whole operation, no one should be allowed to stand directly in
front of the multi-duct end whether in the trench or the Jointing Pit/Manhole.
8. SPONGE TEST
Principle
The purpose of this test is to clear the duct of any dirt, objects or water that may have
entered the duct during the installation process.
Any small obstacles or water in the ducts could cause the mandrel to get stuck in the
ducts and could lead to damage of the low friction lining on the inside of the duct.
Procedure
Release the connecting tube between the test assembly and the duct after all air has
been released.
Insert a high-density sponge of the correct size as described above into the duct to be
tested and reconnect test assembly to the duct.
Inform all personnel at far end to stand clear and open the air gradually. The air
pressure must not exceed 10 bar during this operation.
The sponge should arrive at the far end of the duct within a minute.
If there are any signs of water or dirt the process must be repeated with a clean
sponge of the same diameter to ensure that the duct is clear of all debris. If required,
this step must be repeated until the sponge is clear of all debris and water.
Once the test is successful, close the air and move to mandrel test.
The sponge can be left in the safety catching device to reduce the impact of the
mandrel when it exits the duct.
If the sponge does not appear at the far end of the duct, or within a reasonable
amount of time, the suspected fault must be recorded on the DIT test report and handed to
the relevant contractor on a site instruction for immediate attention.
Possible causes for a sponge in getting stuck in a duct are:
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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The duct could be badly kinked,
The presence of dirt or water in the duct or;
Faulty or wrongly fitted duct connectors.
9. MANDREL TEST
Principle
The purpose of the test is to verify that the inside diameter of the duct is constant
throughout at 85% of the specified inside diameter.
Deformities and bends in the duct can cause friction on the cable and will adversely
affect installation distances.
Procedure
Disconnect the connecting tube between the test assembly and the duct after all air is
released.
Insert the correct size mandrel as described above and reconnect the test assembly
to duct.
Inform personnel at the far end of the duct length to stand clear and gradually
increase the airflow to a maximum of 5 bar pressure. On an elevated terrain, the
pressure may be increased to 8 bar.
If the ducts are clear and connected properly the mandrel should take approximately
one minute to travel a distance of 1000m.
If the test is successful, close the air and move to the pressure test and take note of
the mandrel condition. If grooves are present on the mandrel it is possibly from
indentations in the duct.
If the mandrel does not appear at the far end, record the fault and hand it to the
installation contractor for immediate attention.
Possible causes for the mandrel to get stuck are:
Reduction in inside diameter of the duct,
Excessive pressure on the duct due to incorrect bedding and padding,
Kinks in the cable caused during installation,
Deformities in the duct or
Faulty connectors.
10. PRESSURE TEST
Principle
Cable installation by means of jetting can only be carried out successfully under a
pressure of 10 bar. Before any cable installation is attempted it is necessary to verify
that the duct can hold this pressure.
The test criterion is set to maintain a pressure of 10 bar for 5 minutes with a tolerance
of 0.5 bar pressure drop
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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Procedure
Connect the near end of the duct to be tested to the air-feed from the compressor via
the duct calibrating equipment and seal off the far-end of the duct using the correct
end-plug.
Feed the air from the compressor into the duct and raise the pressure to equalize at
10 bar. Close the air inlet valve.
Observe the pressure reading for 5 minutes. A pressure drop of 0.5 bar is
permissible.
If the pressure does not drop below 9.5 bar within 5 minutes, the pressure test is
considered as passed.
If the pressure test drops below 9.5 bar, the pressure test has failed. The probable
causes could be either a coupler leakage or a puncture in the duct under test.
In the case of the duct failing this test, the suspected fault must be recorded on the
DIT Report and a supporting site instruction must be handed to the relevant contractor for
immediate remedial action.
11. CORRECT SEQUENCE AND PURPOSE OF THE VARIOUS TESTS
# Test Specification Purpose
1 Air Full discharge from compressor Check for duct continuity
2 Pressure 10 bar for 5 min. Permissible drop 0.5 bar Check for coupler leakage, puncture
3 Sponge Diameter = twice the duct ID.
Length = 5 times the ID of the duct.
Sponge Density = Min. 28 gram/cubic foot
Cleaning of the duct
4
Mandrel
Diameter 85% of the duct ID and the lengths
are 60 mm for the 12/10 inner ducts, 100mm
for the 18/15 inner ducts and 150 mm for the
32/28 ducts
Check for bends and twist in duct
12. SAFETY
Do not go inside the manhole or hand hole while the DIT is being performed.
Wear safety glasses outside the manhole or hand hole.
Do not stand in front of the ducts when air/shuttle/sponge/transmitter is blown.
Do not open couplers before air is released completely.
Use warning tape and proper barricading wherever manholes or hand holes are opened.
Use warning cones and tape around the compressor for proper identification by approaching
traffic from a distance.
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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13. CABLE FLOATING PLAN
The Cable Floating plan consists of vital documents and line diagrams to assist a blowing
team to pre-plan floating activities. It must give a clear picture of the quality of the duct
sections from a floating point of view. With the help of the DIT documentation the blowing
team should be in a position to foresee any problems that may be encountered during
blowing and it can plan to tackle those problems in advance. Apart from this the DIT
documentation should also give a good indication of the quality of duct laying done by the
contractor.
With these objectives in mind a comprehensive and objective cable floating plan with the
following information must be supplied:
Line Diagram: Indicates the coupler points along the sections, as well as all
crossings.
DIT information: Indicates the shuttle pass time, sponge time and result of the
pressure test.
Faults/ Failures: Indicates type of faults encountered in a given section.
Rectification: Gives the details of rectification carried out in a given section.
14. DUCT TEST AND ACCEPTANCE SHEET
The Duct Test and Acceptance Sheet is designed in such a manner to capture all the
relevant important information and specifications at the same time, to obviate time wastage.
Provision is made on the certificate to record the position of three adjacent manholes with
their two intermediate duct sections (Manholes “A”, “B” and “C”).
The DIT testing must be done in both directions from the middle manhole on the certificate
(Manhole “B”).
The testing is firstly done from Manhole “B” to “A” and on completion, the tests are repeated
between Manhole “B” to “C”.
The four individual test results must be recorded for both sections in the provided columns.
Provision is made at the bottom of the form for the three witnessing parties to sign, certifying
the results obtained.
All signatories must be present and have witnessed the test procedure when signing the
certificate.
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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Contractor Test Date
Compresso Make: Model CFM
Site A – Manhole Site B – Manhole
Item Description Ti ck or note val ue
Air Pass Test (Para. 7)
1 Micro Duct 1 - Blue
Duct failures must be reported to Company
PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 2 - Orange PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 3 – Green
Micro Duct 4 - Brown PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 5 – Slate PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 6 – White PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 7 - Red PASS FAIL
Pressure Test (Para 10)
2
The ducts must retain a pressure of 10 bar for 5 minutes with a maximum allowable drop of 0.5 bar
Micro Duct 1 - Blue
Duct failures must be
reported to Company
PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 2 - Orange PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 3 – Green PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 4 - Brown PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 5 – Slate PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 6 – White
Micro Duct 7 - Red PASS FAIL
Sponge Test (Para. 8)
3
Sponge dia. 2 x ID of duct and length 5 x ID of duct
Micro Duct 1 - Blue Sponge Dia. : Length: 130mm. PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 2 - Orange Sponge Dia. : Length: 130mm. PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 3 – Green Sponge Dia. : Length: 50mm. PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 4 - Brown Sponge Dia. : Length: 50mm. PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 5 – Slate Sponge Dia. : Length: 50mm. PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 6 – White Sponge Dia. : Length: 50mm. PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 7 - Red
Control Sheet
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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Mandrel Test (Para. 9)
Micro Duct 1 - Blue Mandrel Size: Dia. : 8mm. Length: 75mm. PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 2 - Orange Mandrel Size: Dia. : 8mm. Length: 75mm. PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 3 – Green Mandrel Size: Dia. : 8mm Length: 75mm. PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 4 - Brown Mandrel Size: Dia. : 8mm Length: 75mm. PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 5 – Slate Mandrel Size: Dia. : 8mm Length: 75mm. PASS FAIL
Micro Duct 6 – White Mandrel Size: Dia. : 8mm Length: 75mm.
Micro Duct 7 - Red Mandrel Size: Dia. : Length: 75mm. PASS FAIL
Duct Connectivity and Labelling
Ducts Plugged & Labelled YES NO
All Ducts coupled through YES NO
Site A – Manhole # Site B – Manhole #
Acceptance Signatures
Contractor
Name Signatur Date
Representative
Name Signatur Date
S.M.E.
Name Signatur Date
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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15. CLEANING AND PROVING PROCEDURE FOR 110MM OUTER DUCTS (HDPE)
Generally, the ducts (pipes) must be placed in the trench, a length at a time and must be
jointed on the floor of the trench with the plastic couplings provided (pre-fitted on one side of
each length). See Figures 2 & 3 below.
FIGURE 2 & 3: 110MM SLEEVES AND COUPLINGS
As the ducts are laid and jointed they must be kept free from internal obstructions and the
ingress of dirt/moisture, by plugging/sealing the ducts and on completion of the laying of the
pipes, insert duct end caps in the manholes and pits. See Figures 4 & 5 below.
FIGURE 4 & 5: DUCT END CAPS
On completion of the laying and backfilling the ducts must be cleaned and proved by pulling
through a cylindrical cleaning brush followed by a wooden or Teflon mandrel ± 400mm long
and 5mm less in diameter than the bore of the duct. The brush should be pulled through the
duct twice and then followed by the mandrel. See Figure 6 below.
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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FIGURE 6: CYLINDRICAL CLEANING BRUSH FOR 110MM SLEEVES
On successful completion of these actions the duct end caps must be replaced on all of the
open ducts.
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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E. Optical Fibre Cable Drum Handling and Pre-Installation Test Procedure
1. INTRODUCTION
This document details the test procedure that must be performed on all optical fibre cables
after delivery form the cable supplier and before installation. This test is also known as a “On
the drum Test”.
The document will also refer to relevant topics such as the safe handling of cable drums and
safety aspects specifically pertaining to optic fibres.
Although there are various cable types and sizes available and a wide range of optic fibre
splicing machines and test equipment, this document will describe the processes in a
generalised manner so that it can easily be adapted to meet all requirements.
Order of description
Purpose;
Handling and storage of cable drums;
Test Procedure; and
Safety.
2. PURPOSE
All fibre strands in all optical fibre cables delivered on site must be inspected and tested by
the installer/contractor on the drum prior to installation. This is to ensure that the cable was
not damaged during shipment from the manufacturer to the job site. Since the cost of cable
installation is usually high it is important that a faulty cable is not installed. The test will
confirm the length of the cable as provided by the manufacturer, the continuity of all fibres,
and the attenuation loss of all the fibres.
3. OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE DRUM HANDLING AND STORAGE
This section provides information for the safe handling and storage of optical fibre cables and
drums at various places – from receiving from the manufacturer to delivery on site. Optical
fibre cables are sensitive to damage during handling and installation. Such damage can
degrade cable performance to the extent that replacement is necessary. In order to obviate
this risk, the following precautions should be taken.
Cable unloading
Whilst unloading drums of cable from a truck it is important that the drums may not be
pushed from the truck to land on tyres or any such cushioning objects to “soften” the
impact. The weight of the drum and cable could cause damage to the flanges of the drum
which in turn could flatten the cable on the drum.
The drum must be rolled from the truck onto a receiving platform which is the same height
as that of the tailgate of the transporting vehicle.
A forklift or crane with suitable rigging chains may be used to offload the cable drums. The
necessary safety precautions whilst using these mechanical aids must be strictly adhered
to.
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If inclined ramps are used to offload cable drums, this must be done with adequate restraint
and control of the drums. The drums may not be allowed to roll off freely.
Roll each drum away from the bottom of the ramp before handling the next drum.
Cable drum protection battens
Cable drums are fitted with wooden battens for protection of the cable. The purpose of the
battens is to protect the cable from damage by minor impacts resulting from rolling the
drums on rough surfaces.
Drums must always be rolled in the direction of the arrow on the drum flanges. Rolling the
drum in the opposite direction will result in slack accumulating on the drum which could
cause kinking and tangling of the cable.
Do not remove the battens from the drum until the drum is ready to be tested in preparation
for installation.
Cable drum storage
Cable drums must always be stored in an upright position and resting on the drum flanges.
Storage of drums in any other position can lead to winding defects and result in damage to
the fibres (see Figure 2 below).
FIGURE 2: POSITIONING OF DRUM ON FLANGE EDGE AND SIDE
If storage place is limited and it becomes necessary to stack the drums they must be
stacked in the upright position (see Figure 3 below).
FIGURE 3: POSITIONING OF DRUM ON FLANGE EDGE AND SIDE
If the wooden battens are removed from the cable drums, their rolling edge should be lined
up in rows with the flanges touching each other so that the flanges do not overlap and
damage the cable (see Figure 4 below).
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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FIGURE 4: POSITIONING OF DRUM ON FLANGE EDGE AND SIDE
Cable storage environment
Optical fibre cables are supplied on wooden drums. Due to this reason in house storage is
advised.
If drums are outside, the drums must be placed on a solid hard surface and drum must not
come into contact with moist soil. This will result in the degradation of the wooden drum.
During rainy seasons the drum must be covered with tarpaulins or polythene to avoid the
drum becoming water logged.
Cable inspection
On receipt of a cable drum on site the documentation and the stencilled markings on the
drum must be compared and verified. This will include:
Manufacturer;
Drum number;
Cable length; and
Cable type.
Check the condition of the protective battens and drum flanges. If there is any damage
inform the supplier immediately.
If there is no visible damage it can be accepted that no damage occurred during transit and
the cable can be tested.
Upon receipt of the cable on site the contractor takes full responsibility for the safekeeping
and protection of the cable against damage and theft. The contractor shall take necessary
precautions to ensure the safety of the cable.
Opening the cable drum
The wooden protection battens are nailed to the drum flanges. These can be carefully
removed with a hammer or nail removing tool.
Once the battens have been removed make a visual inspection for any damage or
flattening of the cable.
Locate and take out the inner and outer ends of the cable and confirm the embossed cable
length and drum number with that on the dispatch documents.
Fig 3. a) open drums stored by touching flanges b) wrong storage
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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4. FIBRE STRAND TEST PROCEDURE
The following important notes must be kept in mind when arranging delivery and scheduling
the testing of cables:
The delivery of cables to site must be scheduled as close as possible to the installation date to
avoid the possibility of damage or theft whilst being stored on site.
The fibre testing must be done within 48 hours after delivery of the cable on site.
The Project Owner’s representative must be advised at least 48 hours in advance of when the
testing will take place.
After the removal of the battens from the drum, locate the outer end of the cable and carefully
unwind an adequate length of cable to reach the area where the testing will take place. This is
usually in a sheltered area or vehicle.
Cut and remove 1m of the cable sheath with a cable slitter.
Tape the butt-end of the cable with PVC tape for a distance of 10mm to support the loose
tubes.
Remove the cellophane wrappings and all filling and protection material up to the butt-end of
the cable.
Clean the loose tubes with isopropyl alcohol to remove petroleum jelly.
Cut the first tube to be tested with a tube cutter. Care must be taken not to cut through the
tube into the fibres. Remove the cut tube by pulling it forward to the end of the fibres.
Clean the exposed fibres with pre-packed cleaning tissues.
Position and switch on the OTDR.
Set the OTDR to the 1550nm setting.
Connect a test lead to the OTDR and prepare the other end to be spliced to the first fibre to be
tested. This entails stripping the primary coating from the fibre and then cleaning the fibre with
isopropyl alcohol and a lint free cloth.
Cleave the fibre to be tested and the test lead and complete the first splice. If a splicing
machine is not available a mechanical splice can be used to connect the test lead of the
OTDR to the fibres to be tested.
Ensure that the far end, the end on the inner side of the drum, is insulated and protected.
Perform the OTDR test of the fibre and save the results under an appropriate label on the
OTDR.
Now repeat this process for all the fibre strands in the cable (see Annexure A for the cable
colour coding and strand numbering schedule).
A soft copy of the OTDR test results must be made available to the Project Owner’s
representative.
The test results must also be recorded on a Pre-Installation Record Form (see Annexure B).
The maximum allowable attenuation loss is 0,25dB per km and any readings greater than this
must be regarded as a failure in the fibre.
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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In addition to the cable loss, fibres with any points or steps of discontinuity, referred to as
events, greater than 0,04dB shall be regarded as a failed fibre.
On completion of the above tests the cable must be resealed and rewound onto the cable
drum.
5. SAFETY
In addition to the regular standard safety precautions there are additional precautions to be
taken when working with optical fibre cables that are extremely important to adhere to. All
staff working or assisting with any form of optical fibre activities must be sensitized in this
regard.
Laser protection
Laser beams used in optical communication are invisible and can seriously damage the
eye. Viewing it directly does not cause any pain and the iris of the eye does not close
automatically as it does whilst viewing bright light. This can cause severe damage to the
retina of the eye.
Never look into a fibre that has a laser coupled to it.
If your eye has accidentally been exposed to a laser beam, immediately seek medical
assistance.
Optical fibre handling precaution
Broken ends of fibres created during termination and splicing are extremely sharp and
dangerous and can easily penetrate the skin. They invariably break off and due to being
transparent and very thin it is extremely difficult to see and remove these pieces once they
have penetrated a person’s skin. A delay in removing these pieces could lead to infection.
Be careful whilst handling fibres.
Avoid the penetration of these pieces into your skin.
Do not drop pieces on the floor where they will stick to your shoes and be carried
elsewhere.
Pieces of fibre that have dropped to the floor can be picked up with a tweezers or with
sticky tape.
Dispose of off cut pieces of fibre by placing them in a sealable container.
Do not eat or drink near the installation area where fibres are being handled.
Material handling
Fibre optic splicing and termination processes require various chemical cleaners and
adhesives. The safety instructions defined for these substances must be followed. When
working with these materials remember the following instructions:
Always work in well ventilated areas.
Avoid skin contact with the materials as much as possible.
Avoid using materials that cause allergic reactions.
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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Even simple items such as isopropyl alcohol used as a cleaner is flammable and should be
handled carefully.
Safety summary
5.1.4.1.1 Keep all food and beverages out of the work area to avoid fibre particles being
ingested.
5.1.4.1.2 Wear safety glasses with side shields and handle the fibre optic splinters similar to
glass splinters.
5.1.4.1.3 Never look directly through the end of fibres or connectors until you are sure that there
is no light source at the other end.
5.1.4.1.4 Only work in well ventilated areas.
5.1.4.1.5 Do not touch your eyes whilst working with fibres until your hands have been
thoroughly washed.
5.1.4.1.6 Keep all combustible materials away from the curing ovens and splicing machine.
5.1.4.1.7 Dispose the fibre scraps properly in sealed containers.
5.1.4.1.8 Thoroughly clean the work area after completion of the installation or tests.
5.1.4.1.9 Do not smoke whilst working with fibre optic systems.
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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ANNEXURE A: LOOSE TUBE AND FIBRE COLOUR CODING TABLE
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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ANNEXURE B: PRE-INSTALLATION RECORD FORM
This form must be completed and signed by the contractor prior to the installation of the cable. This
completed form and a soft copy of the OTDR results must be handed to the Project Owner’s representative
for record purposes.
Project Name and Link Description Date
Cable Manufacturer Drum No.
Testing Contractor Cable Length
Make and Model of Test Equipment
No of Fibres
Fibre No
Test results (dB)
Tube1 Tube2 Tube3 Tube4 Tube5 Tube6 Tube7 Tube8 Tube9 Tube10 Tube11 Tube12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
I hereby confirm that the optical fibre cable has been received by me in good working order.
Site Engineer / Subcontractor
Name Signature Date
Witnessed / Accepted by
Name Signature Date
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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F. Optical Fibre Cable Post-Installation Test Procedure
1. INTRODUCTION
Scope
This document describes the test procedure that must be performed on all optic fibre cables
after installation and prior to splicing.
The document will also refer to safety aspects specifically pertaining to optic fibre cable
handling.
Although there are various cable types and sizes available and a wide range of optic fibre test
equipment, this document will describe the processes in a generalised manner so that it can
easily be adapted to meet the various configurations.
Order of Description
Purpose;
Test Procedure; and
Safety.
2. PURPOSE
All fibre strands in all optic fibre cables delivered on site should be inspected and tested by
the installer/contractor, on the drum, prior to installation. This is to ensure that the cable was
sound and all of the fibres faultless prior to the cable installation process.
This post installation test is to ensure and confirm that no damage was done to the cable
during the installation activity. The test will confirm the length of the installed cable, the
continuity of all fibres, and the attenuation loss of all of the fibres.
3. FIBRE STRAND TEST PROCEDURE
The following important notes must be kept in mind when arranging the time for the post
installation tests to be done:
The tests must be scheduled as close as possible after the cable installation date.
The Project Owner representative must be advised at least 48 hours in advance of when the
testing will take place.
Carefully unwind the cable slack from the manhole and take the cable end to the area where
the fibre testing will take place. This is usually in a sheltered area or in a vehicle.
Ensure that enough slack was left in the manhole for the required slack coil and the joint to be
made. (15N-02 slack + 2m for jointing + 1m for post installation testing)
Cut and remove 1 meter of the cable sheath with a cable slitter.
Tape the butt-end of the cable with PVC tape for a distance of 10mm to support the loose
tubes.
Remove the cellophane wrappings and all filling and protection material up to the butt-end of
the cable.
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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Clean the loose tubes with isopropyl alcohol to remove the petroleum jelly.
Cut the first tube to be tested with a tube cutter. Care must be taken not to cut through the
tube into the fibres. Remove the cut tube by pulling it forward to the end of the fibres.
Clean the exposed fibres with pre-packed cleaning tissues.
Position and switch on the OTDR.
Set the OTDR to the 1550nm setting.
Connect a test lead to the OTDR and prepare the other end to be spliced to the first fibre to be
tested. This entails stripping the primary coating from the fibre and then cleaning the fibre with
isopropyl alcohol and a lint free cloth.
Cleave the fibre to be tested and the test lead and complete the first splice. If a splicing
machine is not available a mechanical splice can be used to connect the test lead of the
OTDR to the fibres to be tested.
Ensure that the far end of the cable is insulated and protected.
Perform the OTDR test of the fibre and save the results under an appropriate label on the
OTDR.
Now repeat this process for all the fibre strands in the cable. (See Annexure A for the cable
colour coding and strand numbering schedule)
A soft copy of the test results from the OTDR must be made available to the Project Owner
representative.
The test results must also be recorded on a Pre-Installation Record form. (See Annexure B)
The maximum allowable attenuation loss is 0,25dB. per Km and any readings greater than this
must be regarded as a failure in the fibre.
In addition to the cable loss, fibres with any points or steps of discontinuity, referred to as
events, greater than 0,04dB shall be regarded as a failed fibre.
On completion of the above tests the cable must be resealed and rewound and secured on the
cable supports inside the manhole.
4. SAFETY
In addition to the standard safety procedures there are additional precautions to be taken
when working with optical fibre cables that are extremely important to adhere to. All staff
working or assisting with any form of optical fibre activities must be sensitized in this regard.
Laser Precaution
Laser beams used in optical communication are invisible and can seriously damage the eyes.
Viewing it directly does not cause any pain and the iris of the eye does not close automatically
as it does whilst viewing bright light. This can cause serious damage to the retina of the eye.
Therefore,
Never look into a fibre that has a laser coupled to it; and
If your eyes have accidentally been exposed to a laser beam, immediately seek medical
assistance.
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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Optical fibre Handling Precaution
Broken ends of fibres created during termination and splicing are extremely sharp and
dangerous and can easily penetrate the skin. They invariably break off and due to being
transparent and very thin it is extremely difficult to see and remove these pieces once they
have penetrated a person’s skin. A delay in removing these pieces could lead to infection.
Hence,
Be careful whilst handling fibres;
Avoid the penetration of these pieces into your skin;
Do not drop pieces on the floor where they will stick to your shoes and be carried
elsewhere;
Pieces of fibre that has dropped to the floor can be picked up with a tweezers or with sticky
tape;
Dispose of off cut pieces of fibre by placing them in a sealable container; and
Do not eat or drink near the installation area where fibres are being handled.
Material Handling
Fibre optic splicing and termination processes require various chemical cleaners and
adhesives. The safety instructions defined for these substances must be followed. When
working with these materials remember the following instructions:
Always work in well ventilated areas;
Avoid skin contact with the materials as much as possible;
Avoid using materials that causes allergic reactions; and
Even simple items such as isopropyl alcohol used as a cleaner, is flammable and should be
handled carefully.
Safety Summary
Keep all food and beverages out of the work area to avoid fibre particles being ingested.
Wear safety glasses with side shields and handle the fibre optic splinters similarly to glass
splinters.
Never look directly through the end of fibres or connectors till you ensure there is no light
source on the fibres at the other end.
Only work in well ventilated areas.
Do not touch your eyes while working with fibres until your hands have been thoroughly
washed.
Keep all combustible materials away from the curing ovens and splicing machine.
Dispose of the fibre scraps by placing them in containers and sealing them.
Thoroughly clean the work area after completion of the installation or tests.
Do not smoke whilst working with fibre optic cables or fibre optic systems.
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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ANNEXURE A: LOOSE TUBE AND FIBRE COLOUR CODING TABLE
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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Project Name and Link Description
Manhole # End A Manhole # End B
Drum No. Cable Length
No of Fibres Make and Model of Test Equipment
Project Name and Link Description
ANNEXURE B: ATTENUATION TESTING OF FIBRE OPTIC CABLE POST INSTALLATION
This form must be completed and signed by the contractor post installation and prior to splicing the cable. This completed form and a soft copy of the OTDR results must be handed to the Fibreco representative for record purposes.
Manhole # End A Manhole # End B
Drum No. Cable Length
No of Fibres Make and Model of Test Equipment
Test results (dB)
Fibr e No
Tube 1
Tub e2
Tub e3
Tube 4
Tube 5
Tube 6
Tube 7
Tube 8
Tube 9
Tube 10
Tube 11
Tube 12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
I hereby confirm that I have tested the fibre optic cable
Site Engineer / Subcontractor
Name Signature Date
Witnessed / Accepted by
Name Signature Date
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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G. Optical Fibre Conformance Test Procedure
1. SCOPE
The content of the document provides the guidelines, standards, procedures and pass/fail
criteria to be used with the qualification of installed fibre cable and related infrastructure.
Section 2 contains an overview of tests required.
The following fibre cable qualification tests are described in the document:
Visual Connector Inspection;
Optical Return Loss (ORL) and Reflectance;
Optical Link Loss Measurement;
Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (OTDR) measurements;
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD); and
Chromatic Dispersion (CD).
2. QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENT SUMMARY
Cable Acceptance tests will be done from an ODF to an ODF.
The following tests will be required for cable acceptance tests:
Optical Link Loss (or Insertion Loss) at wavelengths of 1550nm and 1625nm (in both
directions);
Optical Return Loss at wavelengths of 1550nm and 1625nm (in both directions) (tested
with ILM test set);
Reflectance at wavelengths of 1310nm and 1625nm (from both ends);
Bidirectional OTDR at wavelengths of 1550nm and 1625nm;
Chromatic Dispersion over C band, 1530nm and 1565nm to be recorded on
characterization report; and
Polarization Mode Dispersion over C band, 1530nm and 1565nm to be recorded on
characterization report.
If an additional Inter-facility cable test is required as part of the link, the following should be
performed:
Optical Link Loss after installation (in both directions); and
Reflectance at wavelengths of 1310nm and 1625nm from the patch closest to the
transmission equipment towards the outside cable.
3. REFERENCE DOCUMENTATION
Optic Fibre Cable Pre-Installation Test Procedure.
Optic Fibre Cable Post-Installation Test Procedure.
Relevant Naming conventions.
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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“Corning SMF28e+ Low Loss” and “Corning LEAF Optical Fibre” datasheets.
Samsung ITU-T G.656 compliant fibre specification.
All relevant Testing Equipment Manuals & Safety Procedures.
4. GENERAL
For acceptance, the Contractor will materially perform all tests, provide documentation, and
meet the standards identified in this procedure. On completion of all testing, the test reports
shall be signed off by the Project Owner’s nominated representative.
The Project Owner shall have the right to witness all tests.
All fibre cables that conform to the tests standards as set out in this document shall be clearly
marked as per the relevant naming and numbering convention.
The electronic results shall be numbered according to the naming convention.
Electronically fibres shall be numbered with a Fibre and the number, padded to two
digits, i.e.: Fibre01, Fibre02, Fibre03 … Fibre72 etc.
Any test that yield results outside the expected values as specified in this document shall be
deemed to be not conformant and corrective action shall be scheduled to repair any fault
identified.
A summary fibre conformance report shall be completed and submitted per cable.
The objective for each splice is a splice loss value as indicated in Table 3 when bi-directionally
measured with an OTDR. If the Constructing party is not able to meet or exceed the
requirements after three (3) attempts to correct a fault, then 0.2 dB or less bi-directionally shall
be accepted.
Fibre splices with a splice loss greater than the requirements in Table 3 will be identified
as Outside of Specification and indicated as such in the summary report.
Documentation of the three attempts shall be provided as part of the acceptance
documentation.
The following considerations should be taken into account for all tests:
Measurement shall be made after the route has been closed (e.g. trenches, manholes).
It is the contractor’s responsibility to ensure the continuity/connectivity of all tubes and
fibres in the cable under test is correct as per the color coding of the cable/fibre and
positions on the ODFs.
All test equipment used shall be calibrated by a reputable calibration facility and the
associated photo copy of a valid calibration certification attached to the test reports.
All optical connectors in the optical span (ODF/Optical patch panels closest to Tx
equipment/test equipment) shall be cleaned before the commencement of any testing.
An Optical talk set shall be used whilst testing, to ensure voice communication between the
testers at either end of the fibres under test.
All results shall be recorded, saved and presented to the Project Owner:
Drum test (continuity) certificate;
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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After installation (continuity) certificate. This test can be excluded by the contractor, at
his own risk; and
Full qualification certificate, including all raw test data.
5. TEST EQUIPMENT
The following test equipment is required to perform the tests in this procedure:
Optical Talk Set at either end of the fibres under test;
Optical Fibre Video Microscope (optional, but preferred for fault finding);
Optical Power and Return Loss Meter;
Optical Time Domain Reflectometer (OTDR);
Chromatic Dispersion Tester; and
Polarization Mode Dispersion Tester.
6. TESTING METHODOLOGY
Cleaning and Inspecting connectors
The quality and cleanliness of mechanical connections is a primary contributor to loss
and reflectance in a fibre optic network.
To qualify fibre optic links, a visual inspection for physical defects and dirt is
recommended on connector ends. An optical fibre scope probe can be used for this
purpose.
For safety reasons, before inspecting connector ends, an optical power meter should be
used to ensure there is no light in the fibre. Failure to comply with this procedure may
result in injury and/or loss of sight.
Cleaning a connector:
Wipe with a dry fibre connector cleaner. Re-inspect after cleaning.
If the connector is still dirty, use Alcohol and Optical wipes followed up with a
dry fibre connector cleaner. Re-inspect and replace if necessary.
Cleaning a connector on the ODF:
Clean the connector with an optical swab and/or compressed air.
If the connector is still dirty, it may be necessary to remove the connector from
the patch panel for more thorough cleaning or replacement.
Do not leave optical connectors exposed. Connect patch cords to ODF directly after cleaning
or protect with a dust cap.
Optical Return Loss (ORL)
ORL is a measurement of the intensity of light being reflected towards a laser source.
The value for ORL is positive – the higher the value the better.
ORL measurements shall be performed:
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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Using a calibrated Optical Power and Return Loss Measurement test set (dual
ended test set).
At wavelengths of:
6.2.2.2.1 1310nm (only applicable for link lengths less than 30km);
6.2.2.2.2 1550nm; and
6.2.2.2.3 1625nm.
In both directions on the link
The guidelines for the expected values of measured results are shown in Table 1.
Reflectance
Reflectance refers to a single event, typically a connector where there is a change or break in
the optical path. The value for reflectance is negative – the more negative the value is, the
better the connectors or optical paths are joined.
Reflectance measurement shall be performed:
Using an OTDR (Short pulse length: 5ns / 10ns, Range: 100m, Time: 15/30
seconds);
With a launch reel;
At wavelengths of: 1310nm and 1625nm; and
From both ends of the link (to assess both connectors).
The guidelines for the expected values of measured results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1: EXPECTED ORL AND REFLECTANCE MEASUREMENTS
Measurement Expected value
ORL > 30dB
Reflectance (PC/UPC connectors) < -45dB per event
Reflectance (APC connectors) < -60dB per event
Optical Link Loss Measurement
Optical Link Loss test measures the end-to-end attenuation in the optical fibre link path.
Optical Link Loss measurements shall be performed using a calibrated Optical Source
and Power Meter.
Optical Link Loss shall be measured in both directions of the fibre cable being tested.
Optical Link loss measurements shall be performed at the following wavelengths:
1310nm (only applicable for link lengths less than 30km);
1550nm; and
1625nm.
Before any tests are performed, the manufacturer’s recommended referencing (or
zeroing) procedure shall be performed.
The guidelines for the expected values of measured results are shown in Table 2.
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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TABLE 2: EXPECTED LINK LOSS LEVELS
Wavelength Fibre Attenuation values (dB/km)
G.652D G.655D G.656
1310nm ≤ 0.35 N/A N/A
1550nm ≤ 0.19 ≤ 0.20 < 0.20
1625nm ≤ 0.21 ≤ 0.22 < 0.21
Record and save the measured link loss at the measured wavelengths.
Bi-Directional OTDR Traces
An OTDR allows the approximate measurement of a range of physical
properties that influences the overall performance of an optical fibre link, such
as:
Bad or dirty connectors;
Fibre bends;
Bad splices; and
Mismatched mode-field diameters.
All measurements shall be performed using a calibrated OTDR tester.
Bi-directional OTDR traces shall be taken using a patch cord (3m to 10m) which shall
have the exact same characteristics as the pigtail being used i.e. G656 and/or G655D
and/or G652D.
OTDR measurements shall be performed with the connectors terminated on the optical
distribution frame or patch panel.
OTDR measurements shall be performed in both directions of the fibre cable which is
being tested.
Measurements for both directions shall be recorded. These values shall then be
averaged using the averaging software of the test units.
OTDR measurements shall be performed at the following wavelengths:
1310nm (only applicable for link lengths less than 30km);
1550nm; and
1625nm.
All OTDR traces shall be measured with the following acquisition parameters and
process:
All acquisition parameters shall be identical for the two directions in which the
bidirectional traces are being measured;
Distance range to be set to the shortest range that covers the entire link
distance including the pigtails and patch cords;
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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The smallest pulse width setting to be used;
Averaging time to be set to 60 seconds;
If the noise level is not acceptable with these settings, increase the averaging
time and repeat the measurements;
After adjusting the average time, and the averaging time exceeds 120 seconds
while the noise level is still not acceptable, reduce the averaging time back to
60 seconds and increase the pulse width. Repeat the measurements; and
Save all results once measurements are complete.
The guidelines for the expected Splice/Connector Loss values of measured results are shown
in Table 3.
Expected Reflectance values are shown in Table 1.
Expected Link Loss/Attenuation values are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 3: EXPECTED SPLICE / CONNECTOR LOSS VALUES
Measurement Expected value
Splice Loss @ 1550nm < 0.15dB
Splice Loss @ 1625nm < 0.13dB
Connector Loss < 0.5dB
Average splice loss over a section (ODF-to-ODF, for any section >20km)
< 0.08dB
If any splice value exceeds the value in Table 3, the rectification process would be:
The splice should be re-spliced up to three times to attempt to bring it within
specification.
If after three (3) re-splice attempts the value still exceeds the expected value,
the incident must be recorded on an Out of Specification report. The report
must be signed by the Project Owner’s witness. Only include the 1550nm out of
specification splices.
Record and save test results at measured wavelengths.
The traces are to be saved electronically and the virgin (un-manipulated) trace must be
provided:
in Bellcore format (GR-196-CORE / SR-4731);
via USB flash drive at time of witness testing (USB flash drive to be provided by
witness); and
Appropriately named and submitted (zip file preferred) with an electronic copy of
the final summary test report as part of the final test documentation.
The IOR should be considered when setting up the OTDR for the fibre under test as shown in
Table 4.
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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TABLE 4: INDEX OF REFRACTION VALUES
Wavelength OTDR Index of Refraction (IOR) Value
G.652D G.655D G.656
N @ 1310 nm 1.4676 N/A tbc
N @ 1550 nm 1.4682 1.468 tbc
N @ 1625 nm 1.4680 1.469 tbc
Chromatic Dispersion Testing
Chromatic Dispersion (CD) is caused by the wavelength dependence of the Index of
Refraction (IOR) in optical fibre. This causes the different frequencies that comprise an
optical pulse to separate and widen during propagation, which leads to inter-symbol
interference. CD tests are necessary for spans greater than 50km in length and
considered for 10 Gbps and higher signals.
All measurements shall be performed using a calibrated Chromatic Dispersion test set.
Unidirectional Chromatic Dispersion measurements shall be taken without a launch reel.
All measurements shall be made after the splice hand holes and manholes have been
closed.
Always ensure that the connectors on the optical distribution frame or fibre patch panel
are cleaned properly.
Chromatic Dispersion measurements shall be taken uni-directionally with a testing step ≤
2nm from 1530nm to 1625nm for complete and accurate analysis of all fibre spans
throughout the C+L Bands.
Always perform all referencing and calibration tests as recommended by the test
equipment supplier.
All Chromatic Dispersion measurements shall be performed with the following
acquisition parameters and process:
Fibre length to be set to the distance as measured during the bidirectional
OTDR test;
Fibre type to be set according to fibre type deployed;
Wavelength range to be set to include both the C- and L-band of wavelengths;
and
Guidelines for acceptable averaging times and step sizes are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5: GUIDELINES FOR OTDR AVERAGING TIMES
Distance Step size Averaging Time
< 10km 5nm – 10nm 1 s
20km – 50km 2nm 1 s
50km – 100km 1nm 2 s
> 200km 0.5nm 2 s – 5 s
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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The guidelines for the expected values of measured results are shown in Table 6.
TABLE 6: EXPECTED CHROMATIC DISPERSION (CD) VALUES
Wavelength Expected CD (ps/(nm.km)
G.652D G.655D G.656
1530nm 15 to 17 2 to 5 6 to 10
1565nm 17 to 19 4 to 8 8 to 14
Record and save all test results measured.
Polarization Mode Dispersion
Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) is caused by the birefringence of optical fibre.
Birefringence causes the different polarization modes of an optical pulse to travel along
the fibre at slightly different speeds, causing the pulse to broaden.
PMD is the average Differential Group Delay (DGD) measured. PMD values are to be
taken uni-directionally at 1550nm and analyzed via a Route Mean Square (RMS)
algorithm for optical spans made up of more than one all-optical and separately tested
section.
High PMD increases the bit error rate, which limits bandwidth. This imposes limitation to
transmitting information at higher speeds and/or over longer distances.
All measurements shall be performed using a calibrated PMD test set.
PMD tests must be performed in factory and after installation.
ISO 9001 factory acceptance test certificates shall accompany all fibre cables
utilized in the project.
The Project Owner reserves the right to witness any or all factory tests.
Unidirectional Polarization Mode Dispersion measurements shall be taken without a
launch reel.
Polarization Mode Dispersion measurements shall be taken with the connectors
terminated on the optical distribution frame or patch panel.
Always perform all referencing and calibration tests as recommended by the test
equipment supplier.
All Polarization Mode Dispersion measurements shall be performed with the following
acquisition parameters and process:
Fibre length to be set to the distance as measured during the bidirectional
OTDR test;
Fibre type to be set according to fibre type deployed; and
Wavelength range to be set to include both the C- and L-band of wavelengths.
The PMD coefficient (measured in ps/√km) indicates the rate at which the pulse broadens
along the fibre length.
The guidelines for the expected cabled PMD values are shown in Table 7.
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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TABLE 7: EXPECTED CABLED PMD VALUES
Fibre installation type Expected PMD Value
New Fibre Installation (G.652D & G.655D & G656)
≤ 0.1 ps/√km
Existing Fibre Installation ≤ 0.2 ps/√km
Testing of Installed cables/fibres that have not been terminated onto frames/ equipment. Instances will arise where cables have been installed and jointed end to end but may not be terminated onto frames or equipment pending the readiness of the buildings or equipment. In such cases the cables/fibres must be subjected to the following tests as an interim acceptance.
Pre-installation testing of all fibres prior to hauling (On the drum test)
Post-installation testing of all fibres before jointing.
Bi-directional testing of all fibres on completion of splicing in accordance with section 6.5
above
End to end verification of correctness of splicing by using an OTDR with a light source at
the far end. This will confirm straight splicing with no cross overs or swapping of tubes
7. TEST RESULTS
All test results and files shall follow the specified naming convention.
Naming of Fibre Numbers.
A “Witness Test Report” will be filled in on the day of witness testing.
The person witnesses the testing should make an electronic copy of the raw data and trace
files.
The Final Test Report shall include:
The “Section ODF to ODF Acceptance” sheet;
Cable Summary Report in electronic and printed format;
All raw result files, appropriately named and zipped together in electronic format; and
Scanned calibration certificates.
As a minimum, the cable summary report shall contain the following information in the header:
Contractor.
Date testing was performed.
Name of the testing Technician.
Near End and Far End locations.
Location, Rack, Panel, and port of the Optical Distribution Frame or patch panel.
Type of test equipment used.
Calibration certificate number and date for test equipment used.
Project details.
Fibre link details.
Fibre type.
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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Tests performed.
Summarized measured results of tests performed. and
References to all detailed measured stored test results and traces.
An example header below:
All final test results shall be provided in the following formats:
One printed copy
Witness Test Report, with the following data: Point A, Point B, Total Length,
Operator A (being witnessed), Far-end Operator, Date of testing, Contractor;
Out of Specification Report;
Fibre Characterization, with the following data: Summary of OLTS, OTDR, CD,
PMD, Reflectance;
Splice Register; and
7.7.1.4.1 Acceptance certificate to be signed, with the following info.
7.7.1.4.2 Point A, Point B, Total Length, maximum allowed length, Number of
splices, Date of Testing, Subcontractor, Testing Operator, Far-end
operator.
Electronically (CD / USB)
Electronic report to be provided in Excel format
7.7.2.1.1 Fibre Characterization;
7.7.2.1.2 Bidirectional Splice Loss Report; and
7.7.2.1.3 Splice register: should contain the MH name, Coordinates and splice
closure.
Electronic reports to be provided in PDF format
7.7.2.2.1 Bidirectional Trace views; and
7.7.2.2.2 CD/PMD Trace view.
Other PDF reports (typically scanned)
7.7.2.3.1 Witness Test Report;
7.7.2.3.2 Calibration Certificates;
7.7.2.3.3 Floating Register; and
7.7.2.3.4 Fibre Factory test results (or in Excel).
Raw data to be provided (all data in the following folders and zipped in a single
zip file, named according to the section name):
7.7.2.4.1 OTDR_BIDIR: Bidirectional OTDR traces (.bdr files);
7.7.2.4.2 OTDR: Unidirectional Traces;
7.7.2.4.3 OLTS: Single OLTS result file (. olts); and
7.7.2.4.4 CDPMD: CD/PMD results, either PMD files (.pmdB) and CD files
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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(.exfoCD) -OR- Combined files (.cdpmd files).
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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H. 72 core G652.D cable to be installed in 12/10 micro duct : Technical Specifications for Micro Duct Optical Fibre Cables
1. SCOPE
Micro Fibre Optic Cable should be versatile cabling solution suitable for micro duct deployment
of cables using blowing techniques. The cables should be able to blow inside the ducts. These
cables shall be produced using Dry Core Technology and thus providing benefits in terms of
weight, Mid-span Access of the cable and easier installation at site.
2. DESCRIPTION
The cable offered should be based on the multi-tube micro cable design. Cable shall consist of
a multi loose tube manufactured from PBT (Polybutylene terephthalate). In order to aid
identification during installation, the individual optical fibres are color coded in accordance with
specific color coding. To protect the fibres in the loose tube against water ingress and vibration,
the loose tube should be filled with a thixotropic jelly.
Loose Tubes shall be stranded around central strength member made of Fibre Reinforced
Plastic (FRP). The CSM shall provide anti-buckling properties, bend resistance and mechanical
strength as specified in this specification. S-Z stranded, loose tube design along CSM shall
isolate fibres from installation and environmental rigor & facilitates mid span access
Rip Cords shall be applied longitudinally before application of the sheath, to enable easy
stripping of the cable during testing & end preparation.
A Black High-Density Poly-Ethylene, UV resistant, Sheath shall be applied over the preceding
structure of core. The sheath shall be evenly formed around the cable core and shall be free
from blisters and pin holes.
3. GENERAL CABLE CONSTRUCTION
The construction of the cable shall be in accordance with details as given below –
No of fibres Up to 72
No of fibres per tube 12
Buffer tube material PBT (Polybutylene Terephthalate)
Buffer tube diameter Nom 1.6 mm
Filler Black Polyethylene Rod
Central Strength Member Material FRP (Fibreglass Reinforced Plastic)
Core Wrapping Water swellable Tape/Yarns - Dry core technology
Jacket material Black UV resistant HDPE
Jacket thickness Nominal: 0.5 mm, Min 0.4 mm
4. FIBRE AND LOOSE BUFFER TUBE IDENTIFICATION SCHEME:
The fibres in buffer tube shall be coloured in a clearly identifiable manner using the following
colours:
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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Fibre 1 Fibre 2 Fibre 3 Fibre 4 Fibre 5 Fibre 6 Fibre 7 Fibre 8 Fibre 9 Fibre 10 Fibre 11 Fibre 12
Blue Orange Green Brown Slate White Red Black Yellow Violet Pink Aqua
Buffer Tubes in each layer shall be color coded and stranded in a sequence as given below –
Tube 1 Tube 2 Tube 3 Tube 4 Tube 5 Tube 6
Blue Orange Green Brown Slate White
Tube 7 Tube 8 Tube 9 Tube 10 Tube 11 Tube 12
Red Black Yellow Violet Pink Aqua
5. MECHANICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL CABLE CHARACTERISTIC
Test Description Acceptance Criteria
Cable Tensile Strength
Mandrel Dia. > 20 D, Time – 10 Minutes.
Maximum Load Installation: 600 N
Test Method – IEC 60794-1-2 Method E 1
Fibre strain < 0.25%
Attenuation change < 0.1 dB @ 1550 nm
(before & after completion of test)
No jacket cracking and fibre break
Crush performance
Plates – 100 x 100 mm, Time – 10 Minutes, at one Point.
Load Applied – 1000 N
Test Method – IEC 60794-1-2 Method E 3
Attenuation change < 0.1 dB@ 1550 nm
(before & after completion of test)
No jacket cracking and fibre break
Micromum Bending Radius
Dynamic – 20 D, 1 turn – 1 Cycle
Static- 15 D, 1 turn – 1 Cycle
Where D is diameter of cable.
Test Method – IEC 60794-1-2 Method E 11
No Attenuation change (< 0.05 dB@ 1550 nm)
(before & after completion of test)
No jacket or cable elements damages
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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Temperature Cycling
Cable Length > 1000 meters, Soak Time – 24 hours.
Temp. Cycling: -20 ºC + 70 ºC
No of Cycles: 2 (Duration > 12 hrs for each cycle)
Test Method – IEC 60794-1-2 Method F1
Attenuation change < 0.1 dB/Km @ 1550 nm
(before & after completion of test)
No jacket cracking and fibre break
Water Penetration
Sample Length – 3 meters,
Test time – 24 hours
Height of water – 1 meter
Test Method – IEC 60794-1-2 Method F5B
No water leakage throughout the open cable end
Drip Test
Sample Length – 300 mm,
Temperature: 70 ºC
Test time – 1 hours
No filling compound shall drip from sample
Operating Temperature Range: -20ºC to +60ºC
Installation Temperature Range: -20ºC to +60ºC
Storage Temperature Range : -30ºC to +70ºC
No jacket or cable elements damages
6. CABLE MARKING
To externally identify the cable, the following printing shall be marked at 1-meter intervals, in
white with hot foil embossing.
“JDA ABC MM/YYYY MC 72 G652D XXXXX MMMM”
With:
Employer: JDA
Supplier Name: ABC
Month/ Year of manufacture: MM/ YYYY
Micro Cable: MC
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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Standard Code (Fibre Count, Fibre Type): 72 G652D
Cable Identification No.: XXXXX
Sequential Length Marking in meters: MMMM
The accuracy of marking shall be ± 0.5%. Occasional loss of printing & remarking shall
be as per Bell core GR 20 and this super cedes the earlier markings. (Other markings
are available on request)
7. PACKAGING
The cables shall be shipped on treated wooden drums, battened around the circumference for
protections.
Inner and outer ends of the cable will be accessible for testing and each end will be end capped
with thermal shrinkable caps.
A direction of rotation arrow is marked on the drum together with the markings detailed below.
Standard lengths of cable shall be 4000 meters with tolerance ± 100 meters
8. DRUM MARKINGS
The individual cable drums shall carry the following markings –
JDA
Manufacturer’s Name
Drum Number / Cable Identification Number
Cable Length in km
Type of Fibre
Gross weight in kgs
Arrow of Rotation
9. QUALITY SYSTEMS
*Quality System
The cable manufacturer shall be TL 9001-R 4.0, ISO 14001:2004, ISO 18001:2007
certified facilities and all these ISO shall be integrated through Integrated Management
System. Cable facilities shall be certified 10002:2004 for complaints handling
procedures. Certifications shall be provided along with the Bid Submission
Test facilities
The cable manufacturer shall have test facilities to proof that cables comply with this
specification. Factory Acceptance Test shall be witnessed by JDA authorised
representatives.
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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10. SINGLE MODE DISPERSION UN-SHIFTED OPTICAL FIBRE CHARACTERISTICS IN CABLE ACCORDING TO ITU-T G.652.D and IEC 60793-2-50
Fibre Geometry
Mode field diameter at 1310 nm [m] 9.2 ± 0.3
Mode field diameter at 1550 nm [m] 10.5 ± 1.0
Cladding diameter [m] 125.0 ± 1.0
Core-Clad Concentricity Error [m] < 0.5
Cladding Non Circularity [%] < 0.8
Coating diameter ( Uncoloured) [m] 245 10
Coating diameter (Coloured) [m] 250 10
Mechanical Characteristics
Proof Test Kpsi ( Gpa) ≥ 100 (0.7)
Coating Strip Force N ≥ 1.3
Fibre Curl m ≥ 4
Macro Bend Loss -1 turns- 16mm radius @ 1550 nm dB < 0.5
Macro Bend Loss -100 turns- 30mm radius @ 1625 nm dB < 0.10
Macro Bend Loss -100 turns- 30mm radius @ 1550 nm dB < 0.05
Average Attenuation Coefficients of Cabled Fibre
Attenuation at 1310 nm [dB/km] ≤ 0.33
Attenuation at 1383 nm [dB/km] ≤ 0.33
Attenuation at 1550 nm [dB/km] ≤ 0.19
Attenuation at 1625nm [dB/km] ≤ 0.21
Dispersion Coefficients
Chromatic Dispersion in the range 1285 to 1330 nm [ps/(nmkm)] ≤ 3.5
Chromatic Dispersion at 1550 nm [ps/(nmkm)] ≤ 17.0
Chromatic Dispersion at 1625 nm [ps/(nmkm)] ≤ 22.0
Zero Dispersion wave length
Nm
1300 ~ 1324
Zero Dispersion Slope ps/(nm2.km) < 0.092
Cable Cutoff Wavelength (cc) [nm] ≤ 1260
PMD Link Design Value Ps/√km < 0.1
JOHANNESBURG DEVELOPMENT AGENCY (JDA) Contract No. JDA-WP 15N-02 Part T1: Technical Specification
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11. CABLE DIMENSIONS:
Fibre Count
Fibre Type
Fibres Per
Tube
Tubes
Passive
Fillers
Diameter of Cable
(+5%)
G652D Numbers Numbers Number mm
72 72 12 6 0 6.0