Secondary SourcesBrown, Angelique. "Children's Bureau - A Brief History & Resources." Social Welfare History Project. N.p., 04 Aug. 2011. Web. 11 June 2015.

This article evaluates the work of the Federal Childrens Bureau. It was founded by Lillian Wald and Florence Kelley. With the help of these two ladies and various others the Federal Childrens Bureau improved child health care and child labor and gained a lot of political support.

"Children's Bureau History." Children's Bureau Centennial. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, n.d. Web. 11 June 2015.

This source is extremely helpful in understanding key events of the Childrens Bureau. It also talks about political as well as social changes in child welfare. It is a kind of timeline of events, laws and Childrens Bureau achievements

"Children's Bureau Timeline." Children's Bureau Centennial. U.S Department of Health and Human Services, n.d. Web. 11 June 2015.

This interactive timeline tells the story of the Childrens Bureau from its founding to continuities today. It briefly mentions Florence Kelley and incorporates images (propaganda) into the timeline. This way the reader gets a sense of the tactics they used to bring about change. It also lists their achievements politically and socially.

Clapp, Elizabeth. "The Childrens Bureau Legacy: Ensuring the Right to Childhood." Women's History Review 7.4 (1998): 625-32. Children's Bureau Centennial. Web. 11 June 2015.

This article is extremely helpful in understanding a lot about the Childrens Bureau has left a legacy throughout the years. Sections of this article speak of Florence Kelleys contributions to the Childrens Bureau and the NCLC played a major role in shaping child labor reforms as well. This is a very detailed article helps to understand how the Bureau was able to make these changes to child labor for the better. There major goal was to focus on presenting new laws.

"Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)." (n.d.): n. pag. Web. 11 June 2015.This act drastically improved the conditions children were living under and regulated their working schedules and pay. They could no longer work when they were supposed to be in school. They were exempt from certain dangerous jobs. This act greatly demonstrates the benefit of hard work by child labor activist, the Childrens Bureau and the NCLC.

"Florence Kelley -- A Woman of Fierce Fidelity." Flo. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2015. The article has a section about florence Kelleys role in child labor and child health reform. It briefly provides insight on the steps she had to take in order to help children acquire their rights. She was active in legislation and helped to lead groups like the NCL, which sure garments had labels that indicated that child labor wasnt used when producing them. She was also an avid supporter of child health and this tied into her concern over the dangerous jobs they were forced to do.

Gallagher, Dorothy. "Woman's Work." The New York Times. The New York Times, 08 July 1995. Web. 25 Mar. 2015. This article evaluates the work of Florence Kelley. It seems to have a positive opinion of her because she is referred to as remarkable and beneficial. The article speaks about her motives for becoming a child labor activist. It started with her mother, father and quaker influences throughout her early life. She was enrolled among the first generation of college women to attend Cornell university. There she faced biases that also influenced her decision to stand up for the rights of others. After moving to New York she decided to become active in trade unions that fought against children working in sweatshops and factories. This article is helpful in explaining how and why she became active in child labor.

Golden, Janet. "Women's Fight Against Child Labor: Then and Now."Women's Voices For Change. N.p., 2 Sept. 2013. Web. 12 Apr. 2015.

This article has a section that summarizes some of Florence Kelley's efforts to improve child labor through her influence in the Eight-Hours-a-Day law. Although it was passed by congress, it ended up defeated. Either way this demonstrated her determination because of efforts such as private investigations. She was persistent in her efforts an an example is her proposing federal agencies for the welfare of children. This article is biased because it exemplifies glorious women, who selflessly fought for child labor rights.

Lathrop, Julia C. "The Childrens Bureau." JSTOR. American Journal of Sociology, n.d. Web. 11 June 2015.

This journal article talks about the creation of the Childrens Bureau, with the help of Florence Kelley. It also examines various aspects of the Bureau including what the stand for. Overall they stand for the welfare of children from all classes. This article provides staple background information and speaks briefly about the NCLC. The article addresses issues the Bureau would have to address and is more informative than biased.

Lindenmeyer, Kriste. "Children and the Law." Encyclopedia of Chicago. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 June 2015.This article gives background insight on child labor progression. It speaks a lot about child labor in chicago and boston. It talks about how widespread the issue was, efforts from people in these areas, like Florence Kelley to change it. It talks about the U.S childrens Bureau's efforts to improve child labor and laws that resulted. It is more informative than biased, but the author seems to be proud of the achievements of hard working individuals who influenced political change in child labor.

Lindenmeyer, Kriste. "U.S. Children's Bureau." - Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society. Encyclopedia of Children and Childhood in History and Society, n.d. Web. 11 June 2015.

This article serves as a general overview of the Federal Child Labor Bureau. It also speaks of how it can to be and its accomplishments overtime. It was approved by president William Howard Taft and the U.S became one of the first nations to have a federal agency focused on children alone. The agency faced many struggles, one being disdain from people who approve of child labor. Throughout the years there were many changes to healthcare for children, improved working and living conditions.

"The American Era of Child Labor." Social Welfare History Project. N.p., 21 Apr. 2011. Web. 25 Mar. 2015.

This articles introduces child labor. It explains the forms it came in during the 1800 and 1900s. One of the most severe forms is abusive child labor, but these were usually in the 1800s. In the 1900s, children worked in factories, mills, coal mines and on plantations or farms. They did this instead of getting an education and enjoying their childhood. Less severe jobs were newspaper boys and street cleaners. Then the article talks about child labor reform and laws like the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 and the Keating-Owen act of 1916. This is useful in understanding the major issue Kelley addressed.

Trattner, Walter I. Crusade for the Children; a History of the National Child Labor Committee and Child Labor Reform in America. Chicago: Quadrangle, 1970. Print.This book evaluates the National Child Labor Committees efforts to improve child labor throughout the years. They sent letters to factory owners, sent investigators out to make reports, and exposing hazardous conditions to the public. The first part of the book focuses on efforts to improve conditions in glass factories. Then it discusses people who sought to fight for justice for the children. An important name mentioned is Florence Kelley, she was one of the founders of the National Consumers League and one of the key founders of the National Child Labor Committee. This book was helpful in gaining positive information about the dedication Florence Kelley had to child labor.

Wagner, Jennifer. "The History of Child Labor During the American Industrial Revolution." IHS Child Slave Labor News ::. N.p., Oct. 2012. Web. 08 Mar. 2015.

This is a background on child labor during the early to mid 1900s. Afterthe massive industrialization, someone was needed to work in all of the new factories, sweatshops and etc. Over two million children, mostly immigrant children would take these jobs. They were offered a smaller amount of pay for longer working times. Children lived in poor housing and tenements and in inhumane conditions. Child labor became so extremely widespread that it would take a massive amount of effort and several years to end it. This is informative and is clearly against child labor because it uses examples of dangerous work to prove that society was wrong in accepting child labor. It is useful for background information on child labor.

Primary Source Annotations

Hine, Lewis W. 9 P.M. in an Indiana Glass Works, Aug., 1908. Location: Indiana. 1908. Library of Congress, Washington D.C.I used this photo to show variations in the type of work children did. These boys are in a glass work in a crowded condition. It varies from plantations and mines, which most children worked in.

Hine, Lewis W. An Act to Prevent Interstate Commerce in the Products of Child Labor, and for Other Purposes, 09/01/1916. 1916. National Archives, Washington D.C.This was an act created in 1916 to prohibit the manufacturing of good in factories that illegally hired underage children.

Hine, Lewis W. An Awful Blot. 1914. Library of Congress, Washington D.C.Loc.gov. Web.This photo supports the thesis because it demonstrates how widespread child labor really was and is good for historical context.

Hine, Lewis W. A Greaser in a Coal Mine. See 1835. Location: Bessie Mine, Alabama. 1910. Library of Congress, Washington D.C.Coal mines were one of the most dangerous places to work in because of the exposure to a large amount of dirt and dust. In this photo the young greaser looks dirty and the area he is working in looks dangerous. This serves as an example of how conditions in coal mines were.

Hine, Lewis W. A Tipple, Gaston Mine. Location: Fairmont, West Virginia.1908. Library of Congress, Washington D.C.These children are working in a coal mine and are inhaling a large amount of smoke. They look unclean and are covered in dirt. This photo demonstrates the hazardous mining conditions children were subjected to.

Hine, Lewis W. Children Thrashing Corn during School Hours on a Farm near Dublin. Many Such Light Occupations Fall to the Lot of the Georgia Child. Location: Dublin [vicinity], Georgia. 1915. Library of Congress, Washington D.C.Instead of going to school, the children in this photo are trashing corn. This demonstrates that children were forced to work instead of allowing them to get an education, an issue that was unacceptable. Hine, Lewis W. D.H. Holmes Co...LTD. N.d. Library of Congress, Washington D.C.The owner of this factory believes that raising the age will benefit the service and is still very much in favor of child labor. This document is part of the antithesis towards ending child labor.

Hine, Lewis W. Eight-year Old Jack Driving Horse Rake. A Small Boy Has Difficulty Keeping His Seat on Rough Ground and This Work Is More or Less Dangerous. See Hine Report, Rural Child Labor, August, 1915. Location: Western Massachusetts, Massachusetts. 1915. Library of Congress, Washington D.C.This photo again portrays a child being put at risk of injury. As Jack drives the horse rake he struggles to stay on his seat because he is only eight years old and is not strong enough to drive the horses alone.

Hine, Lewis W. Eight-year Old Jack Driving Load of Hay. See Hine Report, Rural Child Labor, August, 1915. Location: Western Massachusetts, Massachusetts. 1915. Library of Congress, Washington D.C.In this photo an eight year old boy is controlling the horses as the carry hay throughout the field. He is riding while standing up and looks too small to keep the horses in control. This photo demonstrates dangerous conditions children were put in.

Hine, Lewis W. Exhibit Panel. 1913. Library of Congress, Washington D.C.This is an example of spreading awareness of child labor through bringing attention to exhibit panels. These panels were created by Hine and the National Child Labor Committee to convey how widespread child labor really was.

Hine, Lewis W. Field-workers, Goodrich Tobacco Farm, near Gildersleeve, Conn. See Report, L.W. Hine. Location: Gildersleeve, Connecticut. 1917. Library of Congress, Washington D.C.The children in this photo look dirty and most of them have unhappy faces. Their countenance and appearance demonstrate that they were tired of working and that they were at risk of tobacco poisoning because the residue from the tobacco processing is all over them.

Hine, Lewis W. Florence Kelly Speaks on Child Labor. 1904. Library of Congress, Washington D.C.Florence Kelley was one of the leaders involved in the National Child Labor Committee. She was an activist for the rights of children and in this article she addressed the issue of child labor and explained why it needed to be ended. The article served as good background to help with the historical context.

Hine, Lewis W. Group of Tobacco Pickers in Bermant Plantation, 3 Were 10 Yrs., 3 Were 11 Yrs., 13 Were 12, 12 Were 13 Yrs., 2 - 14 Yrs. Old. The Owner Said, "They All Get $1.25 a Day." Location: Rockwell, Connecticut. 1917. Library of Congress, Washington D.C. This picture shows tobacco pickers from 10 to 14 years of age. This demonstrates the large number of child laborers and also shows how many children are at risk.

Hine, Lewis W. Housing Tobacco in Barn of W.L. Fugate. Will Go to Schoolsville School but It Has Not Opened on Account of Repairs. Lewis W. Hine. See 4398-9 and 4400. Location: Hedges Station, Kentucky.1916. Library Of Congress, Washington DC.This is a picture of children processing tobacco on a farm. It demonstrates one of the ways children were put to work. Tobacco contains nicotine, which is very dangerous to the children because it puts them at risk for nicotine poisoning through contact with skin.

Hine, Lewis W. Lane Cotton Mills Co. N.d. Library of Congress, Washington D.C.I used this letter in my website to portray the opinion of people who advocated for the continuation of child labor. The factory owner isnt going to comply unless the laws are actually enforced.