Works Cited

Primary Sources

Interviews

"Interview with Aman Mathur." Telephone interview. 23 Dec. 2013. Aman Mathur is the

nephew of a journalist during the later part of the independence. Through his uncle, he

told some stories about Gandhi and how he personally affected his family. He also dove

into the ways that the independence movement helped to extend the rights of the Indian

citizens and showed how if people took responsibility into their own hands, they would

be able to succeed.

"Interview with Dev Saran." E-mail interview. 30 Dec. 2013. Dev Saran was a young boy during

the partition of India. He was actually one of the thousands that moved across the border

of Pakistan and India during the early years of the partition. He was able to give vivid

accounts of how their was tons of violence between Muslims and Hindus at the time. This

interview really gave us an idea of how when people are given the right to move freely,

they sometimes end up abusing the power.

"Interview with Raichand Bachchan." Telephone interview. 3 Jan. 2014. Raichand Bachchan was

a young adult during the Indian independence movement. The biggest thing that we

gained from this interview was his account of Gandhi speaking. He described him with

such detail that we felt like we were there. He said that Gandhi heavily influenced to take

responsibility and spread the message to his fellow Indians. This interview was crucial

because it gave us an account from someone who lived through and remembered the

movement.

"Interview with Shamsher Singh." Telephone interview. 27 Dec. 2013. Shamsher Singh was only

six years old when India became independent. Nonetheless, he was able to give us a ton

of vital information about some of the violence that occurred in northern India. He was

also able to pass on the stories he heard from his parents. He emphasized that the

independence movement was more than just becoming a free country, it was the result of

people taking responsibility into their own hands.

Newspaper Articles

Bajpaj, Suraj. "Two Dominions Are Born." The Statesman [Kolkata] 15 Aug. 1947: n. pag. Print.

From this source we attained a sense of how huge and widely recognized India's

independence was. It was truly a tremendous political struggle and big enough of an

event for newspapers all over the world to report on it. From the page we received

detailed information on the event as well as information on the Pakistan-India clashes.

Rai, Dev. "India Independent: British Rule Ends." The Hindustan Times [New Delhi] 15 Aug.

1947: n. pag. Print. In the newspaper article titled "India Independent: British Rule

Ends", it gives us a the perspective from which the people and new media of India saw

the independence they had gained. Throughout the article, traces of joy and happiness are

seen. It become clear, that their independence was something that the revolution had set

out for them as an ideal essence of freedom.

Wilson, David. "The Indian Nation Emerges On World Scene." The New York Times 15 Aug.

1947: n. pag. Print. From this source, we were able to acknowledge the political issues

that India faced. Even after they were free from the British, India and Pakistan still

clashed, so tensions never fully disappeared. The source provided us with accurate maps

and statistics over the new independence of India and Pakistan, which were essential to

understand what a momentous event it was.

Sharma, Raj. "Birth of India's Freedom." The Times of India [New Delhi] 15 Aug. 1947: n. pag.

Print. The newspaper from this date talks about the freedom of India. It helped us

understand how great of an event this really was and allowed us to see the mood of the

people at the time, and at the new political freedom they had received.

Secondary Sources

Books

Adams, Jad. Gandhi: The True Man behind Modern India. New York: Pegasus, 2011. Print. This

source broke the general stereotype of Ghandi that he was perfect and knew exactly what

he was doing all the time. It depicts the struggles he went through, both with the

independence movement and personally, and all the responsibility that he took upon

himself. The book catalyzed our understanding of the struggles that were undertaken in

order to achieve freedom and rights in India.

Chandra, Bipan. India's Struggle for Independence. New Delhi: Penguin India, 1989. Print. In

Bipan Chandra's book "India's Struggle For Independence", the numerous revolts which

took place in revolutionary India are described to the finest detail. From this book we

came to a better understanding of how the people of India gained their rights to freedom

of press and freedom to construct their own congress, without the imperial rule which had

always been forced upon them.

Crist, John T. "Indian Independence Movement." The Wiley-Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social

and Political Movements. By David A. Snow. Malden, MA: Wiley, 2013. N. pag. Print.

The article from the encyclopedia goes into great detail over the Indian Independence

Movement. It showed the lack of rights for the people in India, and how the

independence movement provided them with rights, but also ended up placing more

responsibility on their shoulders, as India became an independent country.

French, Patrick. Liberty or Death: India's Journey to Independence and Division. London:

Flamingo, 1998. Print. In the Book "Liberty or Death: India's Journey to Independence"

written by Patrick French, we received information on how the split occurred leaving the

Hindu's to move to the North and Muslims to the South. We also learned about the

responsibilities different Indian politicians took upon themselves and the decision they

made believing that it would take them closer to their independence.

Gandhi, Mohandas K. An Autobiography or the Story of My Experiments with Truth.

Ahmedabad: Navajivan House, 1948. Print. This book is essential to understanding the

Indian Independence Movement. It is written by Gandhi himself, and allows us to see the

movement through his point of view. It went into great detail his reasoning and

philosophy, as well as the influences in his life. It helped us truly understand the

hardships that Gandhi went through for the independence movement, and the

responsibility he put upon himself to make India independent and give the people their

unalienable rights.

Heehs, Peter. India's Freedom Struggle, 1857-1947: A Short History. Delhi: Oxford UP, 1988.

Print. In his book "India's Freedom Struggle", Peter Heehs describes the events and

experiences undergone by the people of India between the Great Revolt which took place

in 1857 and when India finally acquired its freedom in the year of 1947. Through this

book we received an insight to what Indian life was like between the years of 1857 and

1947 and also how the people of India fought to achieve and protect their undeniable

rights and independence.

Panter-Brick, Simone. Gandhi and Nationalism: The Path to Indian Independence. London: I.B.

Tauris, 2012. Print. The book "Ghandi and Nationalism: A Path to Indian Independence"

gave us a better perspective on what Ghandi had in mind for the Indian people. It also

explained his philosophies and the different type of nationalistic mind-set he had that

connected the entire population of India together. The source thoroughly went through

the rights and responsibilities Ghandi had portrayed for the Indian government and the

Indian people.

Sofri, Gianni. Gandhi and India: A Century in Focus. Moreton-in-Marsh: Windrush, 1999. Print.

The country of India itself became easier to understand as a whole due to this source. It

didn't only go over the independence movement in India, but also its geography, climate,

and origins, as well as Gandhi's life. In addition, it goes into the future after the

independence movement, and thus allowed us to see the effect that the new rights won

through independence had on present day India.

Films

Gandhi. Dir. Richard Attenborough. Perf. Ben Kingsley. Columbia Pictures, 1982. DVD. There

is no better film to illustrate the Indian independence movement and Gandhi than this

one. This film shows how the rights of the Indian people were being abused from late in

the nineteenth century onward and how Gandhi felt about this. Showing the life

experiences of Gandhi helped us to understand what affected his philosophies. This is

crucial because understanding Gandhi is the same as understanding his millions of

followers in the movement.

The Legend of Bhagat Singh. Dir. Rajkumar Santoshi. Tips Industries Limited, 2002. DVD. This

film opened up the door to the non-Gandhi side of the movement. Gandhi inspired many

people to fight for their rights peacefully and one of those who took that idea and ran

with it was Bhagat Singh. This film illustrated how the early part of the British rule

affected the Indian people. They were not very happy for a long time and all they had to

do was take the responsibility for their own rights to gain independence.

Mahatma: Life of Gandhi. Dir. Vithalbhai Jhaveri. The Gandhi National Memorial Fund, 1968.

Videocassette. Unlike most documentaries, this documentary was essentially created and

approved by the Indian government. This changed the point of view of the documentary

to be more biased towards the Indian point of view. This is slightly helpful because it

allowed us to see how the Indian people and Gandhi attempted to protect their rights.

Otherwise it would be difficult to see that side of the story.

The Story of India. Perf. Michael Wood. BBC, 2007. DVD. This film doesn't only cover the

independence movement in India, but rather the entire history of the country, from the

origins of the great religions to how the country was first built. Due to this, it sets itself

apart from other documentaries as it helped us fully understand the origins of the tensions

and struggles that the country faced.

Websites

"American Roots of the Indian Independence Movement." India Ink American Roots of the

Indian Independence Movement Comments. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Jan. 2014. This source

talks about a letter written to the New York Times regarding the impact of the United

States on Indians. It affected them because in the United States, they were given rights

that were absent when these people went back to India. This further fueled the desire for

independence in India.

"Chronology: Indian Independence 1947." British Library. N.p., N.d. Web. 04 Jan. 2014. What

we derived from this source was the chronological order in which the events or strives for

their rights took place in India. It gave us precise dates and time which we were then able

to connect to our information and further improve our timeline. But looking at it from a

more distant view it did improve our understanding of the basis in which the Indian

people had to start from.

"Gandhi, Non-Violence and Indian Independence." History Today. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2014.

This source consists of an article that talks about Gandhi. It cleared up the commonly

perceived thoughts about Gandhi that are untrue. Due to this, we were able to better

understand Gandhi, as we had a clearer picture of what he did to provide freedom and

rights to the people of India.

"India." The Cabinet Papers. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2013. This source provided us with detailed

information on Britain's point of view on India after the war. Since we were able to see

both points of view, it helped us to better understand the situation at the time. Although

with independence came more rights, the British also passed on the responsibility of

efficiently running a country to the people of India.

"India Profile." BBC News. BBC, 12 Nov. 2013. Web. 12 Jan. 2014. This source provided us

with a timeline of event in India, from 1858 to the present day. This timeline allowed us

to see how one event led to another, and how India has developed as a country up to the

modern age. We were able to see how the increased rights and responsibility provided to

India after their independence led to their present day state.

"India: The Road to Independence." India: The Road to Independence. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan.

2014. India's independence movement is not discussed as much in detail in this source as

it is in other similar sources, but what makes this source valuable is that it is detailed in

informing us about India after its independence. We are able to see the effects of having

rights, as well as increased responsibility to rule effectively, have on India.

"Indian Freedom Struggle." Know India. N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Jan. 2014. From this source, what

we discovered was mainly the background and history of India. It have us a plethora of

events and occurrences that lead up to give Great Britain their reason to colonize India

and create the East India Company. It also explained the struggle the people of India went

through and experienced to gain their unalienable rights.

"Jallianwala Bagh Massacre." Encyclopedia Britannica Online. Encyclopedia Britannica, n.d.

Web. 4 Sept. 2013. This source went into depth over the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, as

well as Gandhi's strategy to gain independence. From this article, we were able to better

understand Gandhi's fight for independence, and the responsibility he took upon himself

to make this revolution non-violent. He used nonviolent methods in order to fight for

India's independence.

Kaul, Chandrika. "From Empire to Independence." BBC News. BBC, 03 Mar. 2011. Web. 06

Jan. 2014. This source contains chronological information on the situation in India from

1858-1947, when they gained their independence. It describes the political situation

implanted by the British in India, and the beginning of the Indian National Congress, as

well as providing solid reasons for the independence movement, helping us understand

why India wanted to break free of the British.

Ko, Shafee A. "Muslim Freedom Martyrs of India." Muslim Freedom Martyrs of India. N.p., 2

Oct. 2009. Web. 3 Jan. 2014. A common misconception was cleared up by this source,

which allowed us to understand the independence movement better. Although the Hindu's

think that it was only them fighting for their rights, the Muslims were also fighting for

their rights alongside Gandhi.

"Oral History on India's Independence Movement." GandhiServe. GandhiServe Foundation, N.d.

Web. 02 Jan. 2014. What this source did was a give us a better insight on what life was

like for the people living in India during the time of the struggle for freedoms. It not only

provided us with information but even interviews that allowed us to really understand

their lives from their point of view, rather than an outside source.

Rosen, Armin. "India's Independence Told in Photos." The Atlantic. N.p., N.d. Web. 29 Jan.

2014. From this source we aquired the information regarding the groundwork In which

India started from to redeem the rights they had before imperialism was asserted onto

them. This created a reason for them to stand up to the oppression and take the

responsibility express themselves for their rights.

Sen, S. N. History of Freedom Movement in India (1857-1947). New Delhi: Wiley Eastern,

1994. Print. From this source we recieved much of the background information of the

political and economic situation that India was facing. It also gave us a deeper look on

attitudes and the rising tensions the Indian people had towards their rights at the time and

how that changed over the mid 19th and 20th century.

Zuiderveen, Josh. "Colonial & Postcolonial Literary Dialogues: Text Page." Colonial &

Postcolonial Literary Dialogues. N.p., June 2001. Web. 1 Jan. 2014. This source

provided insight into life in colonial India as well as Gandhi's life. It allowed us to see the

lack of rights in colonial India, as well as the new responsibility that India received when

it became an independent nation.