annotated index of names - cambridge.org · annotated index of names page numbers in italic type...
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ANNOTATED INDEX OF NAMES
Page numbers in italic type refer to sender/addresseeof dispatch.
Abdul Hamid II (1842–1918), Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1876–1909). 151, 163, 168,175, 176
Abdulaziz (1842–1918), Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1861–1876). 112
Abeken, Christian von (1826–1890), Saxon jurist and statesman. Minister of justice(1871–1890). 318, 319–320, 322–323, 330, 338, 407
Abeken, Heinrich (1809–1872), Prussian theologian and diplomat. Vortragender Rat in thePrussian foreign ministry. 45
Abel, Carl (1837–1906), philologist, translator, and journalist. Berlin correspondent of theDaily Telegraph, Evening Standard, and The Times (1865–1878). 56, 85, 130, 131n
Abel, Charles (1824–1895), lawyer and politician from Alsace-Lorraine. Member of theReichstag (1874–1878). 123
Abel, Karl August von (1788–1859), Bavarian statesman. Minister of the interior (1837–1847); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Turin (1847–1850). 489
Adam, Juliette (1836–1936), nee Lambert; French author and feminist. 190
Adams, Sir Francis Ottiwell (1825–1889), British diplomat. Secretary of legation atTokyo (1868); secretary of embassy at Berlin (1872) and Paris (1874; with rank of ministerfrom 1879); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Berne (1881–1888). 23, 69,82, 83, 84–85, 172
Aguesseau, Henri Francois d’ (1668–1751), three times chancellor of France, from 1717.319
Ahmed Muhtar Pasha (1839–1919), Ottoman general and statesman. Governor of Crete(1875–1876; 1878); grand vizier (1912). 128
Ahmed Urabi (1841–1911), Egyptian army officer and nationalist leader. Undersecretaryof war and a leading cabinet member during the Egyptian revolt (1879–1882). 175, 178n
Albert (1828–1902), Crown Prince of Saxony. King of Saxony from 1873. 269, 272, 289,295, 309, 311–313, 323–324, 350, 356, 376–377, 384, 387, 464, 501
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Alexander (1857–1893), born Prince Alexander von Battenberg. Elected prince (knyaz) ofBulgaria (1879–1886). 21, 251
Alexander (1823–1888), Prince of Hesse and by Rhine. German general. 21, 193–195, 229,230, 239–240
Alexander I (1777–1825), Tsar of Russia from 1801. 349
Alexander II (1818–1881), Tsar of Russia from 1855. 21, 32, 51–53, 58n, 67, 70, 83–84,102, 106n, 117n, 119, 125, 132, 137, 148, 150, 151n, 153n, 164, 165n, 193, 194–195, 196, 222,239–240, 241, 244n, 251, 317, 368n
Alexander III (1845–1894), Tsar of Russia from 1881. 150, 164, 171, 349, 517n
Alexandra (1826–1875), Princess of Bavaria. 465
Alexandra of Denmark (1844–1925), Princess of Denmark. Married Edward, Prince ofWales (1863); Queen consort of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1901–1910). 522
Alfred (1844–1900), Duke of Edinburgh. Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1893). 83n, 522
Alice (1843–1878), Princess of the United Kingdom. Married Ludwig of Hesse and byRhine in 1862; Grand Duchess of Hesse from 1877. 5, 226
Ampthill, see Russell, Odo
Anderson, Henry Percy (1831–1896), Foreign Office official. Junior clerk (1854); assistantclerk (1865); senior clerk (1873); assistant under-secretary of state (1894). 124, 152, 153, 155,157, 160, 162, 164–165, 168, 174n, 175–176, 357, 360–361, 365–366, 368, 371, 374–375, 378,381, 420–423, 507, 509
Andrassy, Gyula grof (1823–1890), Hungarian statesman. Minister president of Hungary(1867–1871); foreign minister of Austria-Hungary (1871–1879). 19, 70–71, 93–94, 108, 111–113, 123, 132, 136–137, 146
Antoine, Dominique (1845–1916), veterinary surgeon and politician from Alsace-Lorraine. Member of the Reichstag (1882–1889). 188
Antonelli, Giacomo (1806–1876), Italian cardinal deacon. Cardinal Secretary of State(1848). 38, 443
Arndt (n.a.), Catholic priest from Filehne. 69
Arnim, Henning Graf von (1851–1910), Prussian landowner, son of Harry Graf vonArnim-Suckow. 92
Arnim, Sophie Grafin von (1836–1918), nee von Arnim-Boitzenburg, Harry Graf vonArnim-Suckow’s second wife from 1857. 92
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Arnim-Boitzenburg, Adolf Graf von (1832–1887), Prussian landowner, civil servant,and politician. Member of the Reichstag (1867–1884; its president in 1880) and of the Prussianupper house (from 1868); Oberprasident of the Province of Silesia (1874–1877). 96
Arnim-Suckow, Harry Graf von (1824–1881), Prussian diplomat. Envoy extraordinaryand minister plenipotentiary at Lisbon (1862), Kassel (1863), Munich (1863), to the HolySee (1864), and Paris (1871; 1872–1874 as imperial ambassador); fled to Switzerland to avoidprison sentence (1875). 14, 39, 67, 86, 91–92, 96–97, 100n, 292–294, 305n, 318, 330, 409,440, 441–447
Arnulf (1852–1907), Prince of Bavaria; general. 511
Arthur (1850–1942), British prince. Duke of Connaught and Strathearn; Governor Generalof Canada (1911–1916). 383, 522
Augusta (1811–1890), Princess of Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach. Married Wilhelm I in 1829;Queen of Prussia from 1861; German Empress from 1871. 30–31, 44–46, 58–59, 65, 67–68,70, 83, 87–88, 106, 122–123, 152, 181, 323
Augusta Caroline (1822–1916), Princess Augusta of Cambridge. Grand Duchess ofMecklenburg-Strelitz from 1860. 45
Bach, Joseph (1833–1901), Catholic theologian. Professor at the University of Munich(1867; 1872–1901). 456
Baillie, Evan Montague (1824–1874), British diplomat. Attache at Vienna (1846), Paris(1852; 1858), and Frankfurt (1852); secretary of legation at Rio de Janeiro (1859) and Stuttgart(1861); charge d’affaires at Karlsruhe and Darmstadt (1871–1873). 6, 199–202, 204–206, 395
Bakunin, Mikhail (1814–1876), Russian anarchist. 302, 326, 337
Balan, Hermann von (1812–1874), Prussian diplomat. Envoy extraordinary and ministerplenipotentiary at Stuttgart (1858), Copenhagen (1859), and Brussels (1864–1874); actingsecretary of state at the imperial Foreign Office (1872–1873). 39, 52, 68, 80, 99
Bamberger, Ludwig (1823–1899), banker, politician, and writer. Member of the Reichstag(1867–1893). 337, 338n, 351
Bancroft, George (1800–1891), American diplomat and historian. United States secretaryof the navy (1845–1847); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to London (1846–1849) and Berlin (1867–1874). 61
Barbolani, Raffaele di Ulisse (1818–1900), Italian diplomat. Secretary general ofthe foreign ministry (1867–1869); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary toConstantinople (1869), St Petersburg (1870), Tokyo (1877), and Munich (1881–1888). 511
Bardi, Enrico Carlo Luigi Giorgio, conte di (1851–1905), Italian prince; youngest sonof Carlo III, Duke of Parma. 528
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Bassewitz, Henning Graf von (1814–1885), German statesman. Member of the NorthGerman Reichstag (1867–1871); minister of state and for foreign affairs of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1869–1885). 45
Bazaine, Francois Achille (1811–1888), French general. Marshal of France (1864). 73
Beaconsfield, see Disraeli
Bebel, August (1840–1913), socialist politician. Member of the Reichstag (1867–1913) andthe Saxon second chamber (1881–1890); co-founder of the Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei(1869); chairman of the Sozialdemokratischen Partei Deutschlands from 1892. 14, 41, 48n, 249,270–271, 273, 284, 287, 300, 304, 320, 326–328, 367, 368, 371–374
Beckmann, Albert (n.a.), journalist, newspaper correspondent and press agent at theGerman embassy in Paris. 293
Benedetti, Vincent (1817–1900), French diplomat. Envoy extraordinary and ministerplenipotentiary to Turin (1860–1861); ambassador to Berlin (1864–1870). 36–37
Bennett, James Gordon (1841–1918), American publisher and editor of the New YorkHerald. 91
Bennigsen, Rudolf von (1824–1902), Hanoverian and Prussian politician. Memberof the Hanoverian Landtag (1855–1866), the Prussian house of deputies (1867–1883; itspresident 1873–1879), and the Reichstag (1867–1883; 1887–1898); Landesdirektor (1868–1888)and Oberprasident of the Prussian Province of Hanover (1888–1897). 81, 133–134, 143, 186,249, 257, 343
Bentinck und Waldeck-Limpurg, Wilhelm von (1848–1912), British diplomat andGerman nobleman. Attache at the Berlin embassy (1871), The Hague and Paris (1872); thirdsecretary at Paris (1872) and Berlin (1875–1876). Succeeded as Standesherr of Waldeck-Limpurg(1888). 46
Berchem, Maximilian Graf von (1841–1910), German diplomat. Secretary of embassyat St Petersburg (1875) and Vienna (1878); consul general at Budapest (1883); director of thetrade division (1885) and undersecretary of state at the Berlin Foreign Office (1886–1890).118
Bernard, Simon (1817–1862), French revolutionary and physician. 368
Bernstorff, Albrecht Graf von (1809–1873), Prussian diplomat. Envoy extraordinaryand minister plenipotentiary at Munich (1845), Vienna (1848), Naples (1852), and (with aninterruption) London (1854–1873; Prussian ambassador from 1862, imperial ambassadorfrom 1871); Prussian foreign minister 1861–1862. 31, 39–40
Beust, Friedrich Ferdinand Freiherr von (1809–1886), Saxon and Austrian diplomatand statesman. Saxon foreign minister (1849–1866; from 1852 also minister of theinterior; from 1858 also minister president); Austrian foreign minister (1866); also Austrianminister president (1867); Reichskanzler (imperial chancellor) from 1868; Austrian ambassador
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to London (1871–1878) and Paris (1878–1882). 55, 93, 112, 195–196, 256, 289, 314,435
Bezanson, Paul (1804–1882), merchant and politician from Alsace-Lorraine. Mayor ofMetz (1872–1877); member of the Reichstag (1878–1882). 123
Biedermann, Friedrich Karl (1812–1901), Saxon philosopher and politician. Professorat Leipzig (1835–1853; again from 1865); member of the Frankfurt National Assembly (1848–1849), the first chamber of the Saxon Landtag (1849–1850; 1869–1876), and the Reichstag(1871–1874). 289–290
Bismarck, Herbert von (1849–1904), German diplomat and politician; son of Ottovon Bismarck. Worked at the Berlin Foreign Office from 1873; Botschaftsrat in London(1882); envoy to The Hague (1884); undersecretary (1885) and secretary of state (1886–1890).Member of the Reichstag (1884–1886; 1893–1904). 130n, 152
Bismarck, Otto von (1815–1898), Prussian statesman. Envoy to the Federal Diet atFrankfurt (1851–1859), ambassador to St Petersburg (1859) and Paris (1862); Prussian ministerpresident and foreign minister (1862–1872; 1873–1890); Reichstag member (1867; 1891–1893);from 1880 also Prussian minister of trade (1880–1890); German Reichskanzler (1871–1890);Graf 1865; Furst 1871. 7, 10–14, 16–17, 20–21, 23, 36–40, 43, 45–48, 50–52, 54–60, 62–64, 66–68, 70–82, 84, 86–102, 105–116, 118–125, 127, 129–130, 132–139, 141–152, 154–159,162–173, 175–179, 182n, 183, 184n, 185–190, 194–195, 197, 199, 207–208, 218–225, 228–229,231–233, 236, 238, 242, 243n, 245, 250, 257–258, 261, 281n, 284–286, 290, 292, 294, 300, 303–306, 309, 311, 314–316, 318–324, 327–328, 331–334, 336, 341–348, 355–357, 360–362, 364,369–370, 372, 376, 378–379, 381–382, 384, 387–388, 402, 404, 406–407, 409–410, 412–413,418–420, 431, 438–442n, 444–447, 451, 460, 467, 468–469, 471–472, 476, 480–481, 496–498,514, 516n–518, 520–521, 525, 527
Blanc, Louis (1811–1882), French socialist, historian, and politician. 302
Bleichroder, Gerson von (1822–1893), German banker. 354
Blowitz, Henri Opper de (1825–1903), Bohemian journalist. Paris correspondent of TheTimes from 1873. 107n, 216, 218, 264, 388
Blucher, Gebhard Leberecht von (1742–1819), Prussian field marshal. 76
Bluntschli, Johann Caspar (1808–1881), Swiss jurist and politician. Professor at theuniversities of Zurich (1833), Munich (1848), and Heidelberg (1861). 198
Bondi, Joseph (1818–1897), Saxon jurist and banker. 486
Bonn, Franz (1830–1994), Bavarian jurist and politician. Member of the Bavarian secondchamber (1881–1886). 506
Borne, Ludwig (1786–1837), writer and representative of the political-literary movementJunges Deutschland. 351
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Bourke, Robert (1827–1902), British politician and statesman. MP (1868–1886);parliamentary under-secretary of state for foreign affairs (1874–1880; 1885–1886); governorof Madras (1886–1890); created Baron Connemara (1887). 488
Braun, Karl (1822–1893), politician, jurist, and publicist. Member of the Nassau Landtag(1849–1866), the Prussian house of deputies (1867–1879), and the Reichstag (1867–1887). 381
Braunschweig, Ernst von (1845–1907), German diplomat. Member of the Europeancommission for Eastern Rumelia (1878–1880); consul general at Sofia (1881); envoyextraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Tehran (1885–1886). 156
Bray-Steinburg, Otto Camillus Hugo Graf von (1807–1899), Bavarian diplomat andstatesman. Envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at St Petersburg (1843–1859),Berlin (1859) and Vienna (1860–1870 and 1871–1896, with interruptions); foreign minister(1846–1847; 1848–1849; 1870–1871) and minister president (1870–1871). 39, 430
Brentano, Franz (1838–1917), German philosopher and psychologist. 456
Bruck, Karl Freiherr von (1830–1902), Austrian diplomat. Envoy extraordinary andminister plenipotentiary to Darmstadt (1868–1870) and Munich (1870–1886); ambassadorto Rome (1886–1895). 511
Buchanan, Sir Andrew (1807–1882), British diplomat. Envoy extraordinary and ministerplenipotentiary to Berne (1852), Copenhagen (1853), Madrid (1858), and The Hague (1860);ambassador to Berlin (1862), St Petersburg (1864), and Vienna (1871–1877). 70, 123
Bucher, Lothar (1817–1889), Prussian civil servant and publicist. Employed at the Prussianforeign ministry and as personal aide to Bismarck (1864–1886). 81
Buchner, Wilhelm (1816–1892), chemist and politician. Member of the second chamberof the Hessian Landtag (1849–1850; 1862–1866; 1872–1881) and the Reichstag (1877–1884).237
Bulow, Bernhard Ernst von (1815–1879), German diplomat. Secretary of state forforeign affairs (1873–1879); Prussian minister without portfolio (1876–1879). 78, 82–84, 91,99n, 105, 106n, 108–109, 116, 132, 135n, 141, 148–149, 487
Burgers, Thomas Francois (1834–1884), South African Reformist minister andpolitician. President of the South African Republic (1872–1877). 105
Burnley, Joseph Hume (1821–1904), British diplomat. Secretary of legation at Berne(1858), Copenhagen (1864), Washington (1864), and The Hague (1867); charge d’affaires atDresden (1867–1873). 3–5, 269–278, 297
Busch, Clemens August (1834–1895), German diplomat. Consul general at Budapest(1878); acting secretary of state at the Berlin Foreign Office (1881); undersecretary of state(1881); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Bucharest (1885), Stockholm(1888), and Berne (1892–1895). 171
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Camphausen, Otto (1812–1896), Prussian statesman. Member of the Prussian house ofdeputies (1849–1852), the upper house (from 1860), and the Reichstag (1867–1869); presidentof the Seehandlung (Prussian state bank) (1854); minister of finance (1869–1878). 114, 323
Cardwell, Edward (1813–1886), British statesman and politician. MP (1842–1874);secretary of state for the colonies (1864–1866) and for war (1868–1874); created 1st ViscountCardwell (1874). 60
Carl (1801–1883), Prussian prince and general. Governor of the federal fortress at Mainz(1864–1866). 7, 179–181
Carlowitz, Oswald von (1825–1903), Saxon army officer. Adjutant-general to KingAlbert. 390
Carnarvon, see Herbert, Henry Howard Molyneux
Carnot, Lazare (1753–1823), French general, politician, and statesman. 385
Carol I (1839–1914), born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen. Ruling Prince ofRomania (1866); King from 1881. 239
Carola (1833–1907), Princess of Wasa-Holstein-Gottorp. Queen of Saxony from 1873. 377,384
Carrington, see Wynn-Carington, Charles Robert
Catherine II (1729–1796), Empress of Russia from 1796. 349
Cave, Stephen (1820–1880), British lawyer and Conservative politician. MP (1859–1880);paymaster general (1866–1868; 1874–1880). 306–307
Cavendish, Spencer Compton (1833–1908), British statesman and politician. MP (1857–1891); Marquess of Hartington (1858); secretary of state for war (1866; 1882–1885); chiefsecretary for Ireland (1871–1874); secretary of state for India (1880–1882); 8th Duke ofDevonshire (1891); lord president of the council (1895–1903). 182
Cavour, Camillo Benso, conte di (1810–1861), Italian statesman. Minister president ofSardinia (1852–1859; 1860–1861); first prime minister of Italy (1861). 314, 343, 362n
Chamberlain, Joseph (1836–1914), British politician and statesman. MP (1876–1914);president of the Board of Trade (1880–1885); secretary of state for the colonies (1895–1903).365
Chanzy, Antoine (1823–1882), French general and diplomat. Commander of the 16thcorps of the Army of the Loire (1870); Governor of Algeria (1873–1879); ambassador toRussia (1879–1882). 457, 518
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Childers, Hugh (1827–1896), British statesman. MP (1860–1892); secretary of state forwar (1880–1882); chancellor of the exchequer (1882–1885); home secretary (1886). 176, 383,511
Colley, Sir George Pomeroy (1834–1881), British army officer. From 1880 governor andcommander-in-chief of Natal, and high commissioner for South-Eastern Africa. 366
Congreve, Richard (1818–1899), English philosopher. Founder of the London PositivistSociety (1867) and the Comtist Church of Humanity (1878). 375
Cope, Edmund W. (1838–1886), British diplomat. Third secretary at Stuttgart (1867) andDarmstadt (1871); second secretary at Rio de Janeiro (1872) and Munich (1875); and secretaryof legation at Stockholm (1883–1886). 198–199, 202–204, 395, 496–504, 506–511
Courcel, Alphonse Chodron de (1835–1919), French diplomat. Ambassador to Berlin(1881–1866) and London (1894–1898). 188
Cowper-Temple, William Francis (1811–1888), British politician and statesman. MP(1835–1880); president of the Board of Health (1855–1858); paymaster general (1859–1860);first commissioner of works (1860–1866); created Baron Mount Temple (1880). 335
Crailsheim, Friedrich Krafft von (1841–1926), Bavarian statesman. Minister of foreignaffairs (1880–1903), minister president (1890–1903); member of the first chamber of theBavarian Landtag (1895–1918). 505, 509–510, 518
Criegern, Friedrich Robert von (1808–1890), Saxon jurist. President of the court ofappeal at Leipzig (1863); member of the first chamber of the Saxon Landtag (1873–1884).330
Cross, Richard Assheton(1823–1914), British statesman and politician. MP (1857–1862;1868–1886); home secretary (1874–1880; 1885–1886); secretary of state for India (1886–1892);Lord Privy Seal (1895–1900); created Viscount Cross (1886). 140
Crowe, Sir Joseph Archer (1825–1896), British diplomat, art historian, and journalist.Consul general at Leipzig (1860) and Dusseldorf (1872); commercial attache at Berlin (1880);commercial attache for Europe at Paris (1882–1896). 48, 133
Dalwigk zu Lichtenfels, Reinhard Freiherr von (1802–1880), Hessian statesman.Foreign minister and minister of the interior of the Grand Duchy of Hesse (1850–1871); from1852 also minister president. 193, 196–198, 223, 255–256
Decazes, Louis, duc de (1819–1886), French diplomat and statesman. Ambassador toLondon (1873); minister of foreign affairs (1873–1877). 93, 98–99
Deinlein, Michael von (1800–1875), Catholic priest. Archbishop of Bamberg (1858). 435
Delbruck, Rudolf (1817–1903), Prussian civil servant and statesman. Member of theReichstag (1878–1881); president of the chancery of the North German Confederation (1867)
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and the imperial chancery (1871–1876); Prussian minister without portfolio (1867). 46, 197,232–333, 419
Denys-Burton, Sir Francis Charles Edward (1849–1922), British diplomat. Thirdsecretary at Brussels (1873), Washington (1875), and Berlin (1877); second secretary atCopenhagen (1878); employed at the Foreign Office (1879–1885); secretary of legationat Mexico (1887) and Copenhagen (1890–1894). 139
Derby, see Stanley, Edward Henry
Dering, Sir Henry Neville (1839–1906), British diplomat. Third secretary atBerne (1863), Florence (1866), Berlin (1870); secretary of legation at Madrid (1873),Stockholm (1873), Berlin (1876); second secretary at Buenos Aires (1882), andCoburg (1883); secretary of embassy at St Petersburg (1886) and Rome (1888);agent and consul general to Bulgaria (1892); envoy extraordinary and ministerplenipotentiary to Mexico (1894) and Rio de Janeiro (1900–1906). 34, 35–36, 139–140
Dernburg, Friedrich (1833–1911), politician and journalist. Member of the Hessiansecond chamber (1866–1875) and the Reichstag (1871–1881); editor of the Nationalzeitung (1874–1890). 237
Deroulede, Paul (1846–1914), French writer and politician. Co-founder of the nationalistLigue des Patriotes (1882). 38
Desmoulins, Camille (1760–1794), French lawyer, journalist, and revolutionary. 346
Dilke, Charles Wentworth (1843–1911), English politician. MP (1868–1885; 1892–1911);2nd Baronet (1869); under-secretary of state for foreign affairs (1880–1882); member of theprivy council (1882); president of the Local Government Board (1882–1885). 182, 185–186,188–189, 276, 365, 390, 518, 519, 521, 523–524, 527
Disraeli, Benjamin (1804–1881), British statesman. MP (1837–1876); chancellor of theexchequer (1852; 1858–1859; 1866–1868); prime minister (1868, 1874–1880); created Earl ofBeaconsfield (1876). 1, 6, 16, 78, 110, 117n, 131, 324n, 331n, 334, 358n, 360
Dodson, John George (1825–1897), British politician. MP (1857–1884); president of theLocal Government Board (1880–1882); chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (1882–1884);1st Baron Monk Bretton (1884). 365
Dollfus, Jean (1800–1887), industrialist and politician from Alsace-Lorraine. Mayor ofMulhouse (1863–1869); member of the Reichstag (1877–1887). 123
Dollinger, Ignaz von (1799–1890), theologian and church historian. Professor at theUniversity of Munich from 1826. 12, 432–434, 438, 456, 473n, 486
Donhoff, Carl Graf von (1833–1906), Prussian diplomat. Envoy extraordinary andminister plenipotentiary at Dresden (1879–1906). 389
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Dubsky, Viktor Graf (1834–1915), Austrian diplomat. Envoy extraordinary and ministerplenipotentiary at Tehran (1872), Athens (1877), Constantinople (head of embassy 1878–1880)and Madrid (1882–1903; ambassador from 1888). 156
Duchesne-Poncelett, Alexandre (b. 1839), Belgian boilersmith. 98n, 305–306
Duff, Alexander (1849–1912), British peer. MP (1874–1879); 6th Earl Fife (Irish peerage,1879); created 1st Earl of Fife (UK peerage) following his marriage to Princess Louise in1885. 376–378
Dufferin, see Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, Frederick
Durrschmidt, Heinrich (1819–1899), Bavarian jurist and politician. Member of theBavarian second chamber (1869–1881); judge at the Imperial Court of Justice in Leipzig(1879–1889). 488–489
Eberhardt, Matthias (1815–1876), Bishop of Trier 1867. 79
Eden, Charles Calvert (1837–1878), British diplomat. Third secretary at Lisbon (1863),Dresden (1865), and Berne (1867); second secretary at Rio de Janeiro (1869) and Stuttgart(1872–1874). 416
Edward (1841–1910), Prince of Wales. Crowned Edward VII, King of the United Kingdomof Great Britain and Ireland, and Emperor of India in 1901. 53, 57, 71, 102, 132, 141–142,146, 149, 157, 179, 217, 237, 264, 355, 384, 386, 464, 500, 503, 513, 518, 522, 527
Elben, Otto (1823–1899), politician, journalist, and editor of the Schwabische Merkur.Member of the second chamber of the Wurttemberg Landtag (1868–1882) and the Reichstag(1871–1877). 404–405
Elisabeth (1815–1885), Princess of Prussia. Married Prince Karl of Hesse and by Rhine in1836. 227
Elliot, Sir Henry George (1817–1907), British diplomat. Ambassador at Constantinople(1867–1877) and Vienna (1877–1884). 162
Ernst August (1845–1923), 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale. Last Crown Princeof Hanover. 141–142
Eulenburg, Friedrich Graf zu (1815–1881), Prussian statesman. Member of the Prussianchamber of deputies (1866–1877); minister of the interior (1862–1878). 58, 60, 231, 328
Fabrice, Alfred Graf von (1818–1891), Saxon general and statesman. Minister of war(1866–1891); minister president (1876); and from 1882 also foreign minister. 85, 315, 355
Fabrice, Oswald Freiherr von (1820–1898), Saxon diplomat. Envoy extraordinary andminister plenipotentiary at Madrid (1852–1853), Brussels (1864–1874; from 1869 also atLondon), and Munich (1874–1897). 478, 480, 497
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A N N O TAT E D IN D E X O F N A M E S 539
Falk, Adalbert (1827–1900), Prussian statesman and jurist. Member of the Prussian houseof deputies (1858–1861; 1873–1882) and the Reichstag (1867; 1873–1882); Prussian minister ofcultural affairs (1872–1879); president of the higher regional court in Hamm (1882–1890).69, 144, 186, 409
Faustle, Johann Nepomuk von (1828–1887), Bavarian jurist and statesman. Memberof the second chamber of the Bavarian Landtag (1875–1881); minister of justice (1871–1887);plenipotentiary to the Federal Council (1872). 407, 436–437, 461
Ferry, Jules (1832–1893), French politician and statesman. Mayor of Paris (1870–1871);prime minister (1880–1881; 1883–1885). 189
Fischer, Johann Joseph (n.a.), lawyer and Justitzrat from Cologne. 30
Fischer, Paul (1836–1920), jurist and civil servant. Undersecretary of state in the imperialpost office (1895–1897). 418
Fish, Hamilton (1808–1893), American statesman and politician. Governor of New York(1849–1850) and United States Secretary of State (1869–1877). 62
Fleischer, Richard (1849–1937), publicist and founding editor of the Deutsche Revue (1877–1922). 374–375
Fleury, Emile Felix (1815–1884), French general and diplomat; ambassador to StPetersburg (1869–1870). 195, 196n
Forckenbeck, Max von (1821–1892), jurist and politician. Member of the Prussian houseof deputies (1859–1873; its president 1866–1869), the upper house (1873–1892), and theReichstag (1867–1892; its president 1874–1879); mayor of Breslau (1872–1878) and Berlin(1878–1892). 81, 142–143, 231, 257, 288
Ford, Sir Francis Clare (1828–1899), British diplomat. Secretary of embassy at StPetersburg (1871) and Vienna (1872); charge d’affaires at Karlsruhe and Darmstadt (1873);envoy extraordinary at Buenos Aires (1878), Montevideo (1879), Rio de Janeiro (1879), Athens(1881), and Madrid (1884); ambassador at Madrid (1887), Constantinople (1892), and Rome(1893–1898). 4, 18, 211–212, 214–217, 225, 296
Forster, Heinrich (1799–1881), Catholic priest. Member of the Frankfurt NationalAssembly (1848); Prince-Bishop of Breslau (1853); deposed de facto (but with no ecclesiasticaleffect) in the Prussian part of his diocese by the Prussian royal court for church affairs in1875.
Forwerk, Ludwig (1816–1875), Catholic bishop and deacon of the cathedral chapterBautzen. Member of the first chamber of the Saxon Landtag from 1854. 282–284, 294–295
Francesco II (1836–1894), King of the Two Sicilies (1859–1861). 516
Franchi, Alessandro (1819–1878), Italian cardinal. Prefect of the Congregation forPropagation of the Faith (1874); Cardinal Secretary of State (1878). 496–497
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Franckenstein, Georg Freiherr von und zu (1825–1890), landowner and politician.Member of the first chamber of the Bavarian Landtag (1847–1890) and the Reichstag (1872–1890). 143
Frankenberg-Ludwigsdorf, Graf Friedrich (1835–1897), landowner and politician.Member of the Reichstag (1867–1881), the Prussian house of deputies (1867–1869), and theupper house (from 1885). 38, 39n
Frankenberg und Ludwigsdorf, Robert von (1807–1873), Prussian general.Commandant of Cologne from 1864. 30
Franz Joseph I (1830–1916), Emperor of Austria and Apostolic King of Hungary (1848).32, 51–53, 58n, 67–68, 70, 102, 112, 136, 146n, 147, 150, 169–171, 435n
Frere, Henry Bartle (1815–1884), British colonial administrator. Commissioner for Sind(1851–1859); governor of Bombay (1862–1867); high commissioner for Southern Africa(1877–1880). 160
Freusberg, Joseph (1842–1917), Prussian civil servant. Landrat of the Olpe (1870) and theArnsberg districts (1883); employed in the Prussian ministry for cultural affairs from 1899.69
Freycinet, Charles de (1828–1923), French statesman. Prime minister (1879–1880; 1882;1886; 1890–1892), minister of foreign affairs (1879–1880; 1882; 1885–1886; 1890–1892) andminister of war (1888–1893; 1898–1899). 152
Freydorf, Rudolf von (1819–1882), Baden statesman. Minister of foreign affairs (1866–1871) and of justice (1871–1876); member of the second chamber of the Baden Landtag(1867–1881). 10, 210, 228
Freytag, Andreas (1818–1905), Bavarian jurist and politician. Member of the Bavariansecond chamber (1869–1881) and the Reichstag (1871–1874; 1878–1884). 486–487, 492,494
Friderich, Carl (1816–1894), Baden politician. Member of the Baden second chamber(1850–1892; its president from 1877) and of the Reichstag (1874–1877); mayor of Durlach(1872–1884). 258
Friedrich I (1826–1907), son of Leopold I of Baden. Deputized for his brother Ludwig IIas regent from 1852; Grand Duke of Baden from 1856. 265
Friedrich Franz II (1823–1883), Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin from 1842.45
Friedrich Wilhelm II (1819–1904), Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz from 1860.45
Friedrich I (1657–1713), Prince Elector of Brandenburg (1688). Crowned himself ‘King inPrussia’ in 1701. 430
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A N N O TAT E D IN D E X O F N A M E S 541
Friedrich II (Frederick the Great) (1712–1786), King in Prussia from 1740. King ofPrussia from 1772. 16, 52n, 180, 330n, 332, 383, 385
Friedrich III, German Emperor and King of Prussia, see Friedrich Wilhelm III
Friedrich Karl (1828–1885), Prince of Prussia. Prussian general. 264
Friedrich Wilhelm (1833–1888), Prince of Prussia. Reigned for ninety-nine days in 1888as Friedrich III, German Emperor and King of Prussia. 30, 34n, 44, 46, 48, 64, 81–82, 88,97, 102, 107, 115, 117n, 138, 140–141, 153, 169, 178, 313, 384, 402, 462n, 495, 497n, 528
Friedrich Wilhelm III (1770–1840), King of Prussia from 1797. 44
Friedrich Wilhelm IV (1795–1861), King of Prussia from 1840. 138
Friedrich III (1463–1525), also known as Frederick the Wise. Elector of Saxony from 1486.295
Friedrich, Johannes (1836–1917), theologian. Professor at the University of Munich(1865); from 1871 a leading member of the Old Catholic Church. 434
Friesen, Richard Freiherr von (1808–1884), Saxon statesman. Minister of the interior(1849–1852), minister of finance (1858–1876), foreign minister (1866–1876), and ministerpresident (1871–1876). 276–278, 280, 284–285, 288, 290, 298, 307, 314, 332–333, 350, 372
Fritzen, Adolf (1838–1919), Catholic priest and teacher. Court chaplain and tutor of theprinces Friedrich August and Max of Saxony (1874–1887); Bishop of Strasbourg (1891–1919).295
Fritzsche, Reinhold (1851–1929), piano maker and socialist politician. Active in workers’educational associations in Berlin in 1877 and 1878; settled in Offenburg in 1879. 141
Frohschammer, Jakob (1821–1893), Catholic theologian and philosopher. 456
Gambetta, Leon (1838–1882), French statesman. Minister of the interior in theGovernment of National Defence (1870–1871); prime minister and minister of foreign affairs(1881–1882). 130, 152, 159, 172n, 173, 179, 326, 346–347, 384–385, 518, 524
Gascoigne, Sir William (c .1350–1419), chief justice of the King’s Bench (1400–1413). 319
Gasser, Rudolf Freiherr von (1829–1904), Bavarian diplomat. Envoy extraordinaryand minister plenipotentiary at Stuttgart and Darmstadt (1868), Dresden (1873), and StPetersburg (1883–1903). 298
Gathorne-Hardy, Gathorne (1814–1906), British statesman. MP (1856–1878); homesecretary (1867–1868); secretary of state for war (1874–1878; 1886) and for India (1878–1880); lord president of the council (1885–1886; 1886–1892); created Viscount Cranbrookof Hemsted (1878); 1st Earl of Cranbrook (1892). 124
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Geib, August (1842–1879), bookseller and socialist politician. Reichstag member (1874–1877).300
Georg V (1819–1878), Crown Prince of Hanover (1837); King of Hanover (1851–1866). 51n,89, 141n, 281n, 300, 516
Georg (1832–1904), Saxon prince and second son of King Johann. King of Saxony from1902. 272, 295, 350
George (1819–1904), British prince. Second Duke of Cambridge (1850); British army officer.141, 424
Georgi, Otto Robert (1831–1918), Saxon jurist and politician. Member of the Reichstag(1871–1877) and Saxony’s first chamber (1877–1899; 1901–1907); mayor of Leipzig (1876–1899). 313, 330
Gerber, Karl von (1823–1891), jurist and Saxon statesman. Professor of law at theuniversities of Erlangen, Tubingen, Jena, and Leipzig (from 1863); Saxon minister of culturalaffairs (1871–1891) and minister president (1891). 85, 283
Germain, Charles (1831–1909), jurist and politician from Alsace-Lorraine. Member ofthe Reichstag (1874–1890). 123
Giers, Nikolai de (1820–1895), Russian diplomat and statesman. Minister of foreignaffairs (1882–1885). 156, 421, 513n, 517n, 518
Gilderdale, John Smith (1828–1891), English chaplain at Dresden (1871–1891). 297
Gladstone, William Ewart (1809–1898), British statesman and liberal politician. MP(1832–1845; 1847–1890); chancellor of the exchequer (1852–1855; 1859–1866; 1873–1874;1880–1882); prime minister (1868–1874; 1880–1885; 1886; 1892–1894). 6, 16, 163n, 324,358n, 363–364, 367, 375, 379
Gneist, Rudolf (1816–1895), Prussian politician, jurist, and historian of law. Professor atthe University of Berlin from 1845; member of the Prussian house of deputies (1859–1893)and the Reichstag (1867–1884). 286, 320, 361
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von (1749–1832), German writer. 216, 217n
Goodenough, James Graham (1830–1875), Royal Navy officer. Travelling attache tothe maritime courts of Europe (1871); commander-in-chief of the Australia station (1873).46
Gorchakov, Alexander (1798–1883), Russian statesman and diplomat. Envoyextraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Stuttgart (1841), also to the Federal Diet atFrankfurt (from 1850), and Vienna (1854); foreign minister (1856–1882); vice chancellor(1862–1867); chancellor (1867–1882). 70–71, 106, 108, 111–113, 119, 136, 150, 194–196,281
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Gortz, Carl Graf von Schlitz genannt von (1822–1885), Hessian politician anddiplomat. Member of the first chamber (1847–1849; 1856–1885; its president 1875–1885);envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Berlin (1850–1861; 1864–1866). 196
Gorz, Joseph (1810–1900), Hessian jurist and politician. Member of the Hessian secondchamber (1848–1849; 1874–1880; its president 1874–1879) and the first chamber (1883–1899);Reichstag member (1878–1879); president of the Oberlandesgericht in Mainz (1883–1892). 224
Gosling, Sir Audley Charles (1836–1913), British diplomat. Second secretary at Stuttgart(1878–1879); consul general at Budapest (1879); secretary of legation at Copenhagen (1881)and Madrid (1885); secretary of embassy at Madrid (1887) and St Petersburg (1888);minister resident and consul general to the Republics of Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras,Nicaragua, and Salvador (1890); minister resident (1897) and minister plenipotentiary atSantiago (1899–1901). 416– 418
Gould, Gerard Francis (c .1835–1883), British diplomat. Secretary of legation at BuenosAires (1866), Athens (1869), Berne (1870), Copenhagen (1873), Stockholm (1873), and Lisbon(1876); minister resident at Belgrade (1878) and Stuttgart (1881–1883). 420, 422–425
Gramont, Antoine Alfred Agenor, duc de (1819–1880), French diplomat. Envoyextraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Kassel (1851), Stuttgart (1852), and Turin(1853); ambassador to the Holy See (1857) and Vienna (1861); minister of foreign affairs(1870). 194
Granville, see Leveson-Gower, Granville George
Grevy, Jules (1807–1891), French politician and statesman. President of France (1879–1887).189, 346
Grillenberger, Karl (1848–1897), journalist and socialist politician from Nuremberg.Member of the Reichstag (1881–1897) and the second chamber of the Bavarian Landtag(1892–1897). 499–500
Gruner, Ludwig (1801–1882), artist. Copper engraver and director of the KoniglicheKupferstich-Kabinett at Dresden. 272
Guenther, William Barstow (1815–1892), Prussian civil servant. President of theSeehandlung (Prussian state bank) (1870); member of the Prussian upper house (from 1872);Oberprasident of the Province of Posen (1873–1886). 69
Gustav II Adolf (1594–1632), King of Sweden from 1611. 295
Hacker (n.a.), physician from Munich. Socialist candidate in the 1878 Reichstag election.499
Haggard, Sir William Henry Doveton (1846–1926), British diplomat. Second secretaryat Vienna (1880) and Stuttgart (1881); secretary of legation at Rio de Janeiro (1885) andAthens (1887); consul general at Tunis (1894); minister resident at Caracas (1897); envoy
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extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Buenos Aires (1902) and Rio de Janeiro(1906–1814). 421
Hamilton, Mary, Duchess of (1817–1888), nee Princess Marie Amelie of Baden.Married William, 11th Duke of Hamilton, in 1852. 221
Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, Frederick (1826–1902), British diplomat andstatesman; Irish peer. Created Earl of Dufferin in British peerage (1871) and Marquess ofDufferin and Ava (1888). Governor General of Canada (1872); ambassador to St Petersburg(1879) and Constantinople (1881); Viceroy of India (1884); ambassador at Rome (1888) andParis (1891–1896). 176
Hammerstein, Wilhelm Freiherr von (1808–1872), German statesman. Minister offinance (1851), interior minister (1852–1853), and minister president (1862–1865) of theKingdom of Hanover; minister president and foreign minister of Mecklenburg-Strelitzfrom 1868; member of the North German Reichstag (1867–1868). 45
Hanel, Albert (1833–1918), jurist and liberal politician. Professor of law at the universitiesof Konigsberg (1860) and Kiel (1863). Member of the Prussian house of deputies (1867–1888)and the Reichstag (1867–1903). 319
Harcourt, Sir William Vernon (1827–1904), British statesman. MP (1868–1904); homesecretary (1880–1885); chancellor of the exchequer (1886; 1892–1895). 368
Hardy, see Gathorne-Hardy, Gathorne
Harriss-Gastrell, James Plaister (b. 1830), British diplomat. Second secretary atLisbon (1865), Berlin (1868), Washington (1871), and Vienna (1874); secretary of legationat Buenos Aires (1866) and Rio de Janeiro (1879); minister resident and consul general atBogota (1882), from 1884 to the Republics of Guatemala, Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua,and Salvador; acting consul at Chicago (1889–1890). 29
Hartington, see Cavendish, Spencer Compton
Hartmann, Jakob von (1795–1873), Bavarian General der Infanterie (infantry general). 430
Hartmann, Lev (1850–1913), Russian would-be assassin of Alexander II (1879). Emigratedto France, England, and finally the USA, in 1881. 153
Hasenclever, Wilhelm (1837–1889), socialist journalist and politician. Reichstag member(1869–1871; 1874–1888); president of the Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein (1871–1875). 299,304
Hasselmann, Wilhelm (1844–1916), journalist and socialist politician. Member of theReichstag (1874–1881); emigrated to New York 1881. 141, 299, 326, 345
Hatzfeldt, Paul Graf von (1831–1901), German diplomat. Envoy extraordinary atMadrid (1874), ambassador at Constantinople (1878); secretary of state in the Berlin Foreign
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Office (1881); minister of state without portfolio (1882–1885); ambassador to London (1885–1901). 156
Haymerle, Heinrich Karl von (1828–1881), Austrian diplomat and statesman. Envoyextraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Athens (1869–1872) and to The Hague (1872);ambassador to Rome (1877); minister of foreign affairs (1879–1881). 146n, 159, 162
Hefele, Karl Joseph von (1809–1893), Catholic theologian. Bishop of Rottenburgfrom1869). 410–411, 415
Hegnenberg-Dux, Friedrich Graf von (1810–1872), Bavarian politician and statesman.Member of the Frankfurt National Assembly (1848) and the Bavarian second chamber (1845–1867; its president 1849–1865); minister president and minister of foreign affairs (1871–1872).433, 435, 439–441, 444
Heine, Heinrich (1797–1856), German poet. 351, 485n
Heinrich (1838–1900), Prince of Hesse and by Rhine; General der Kavallerie (cavalry general).227, 264
Heinrich (1726–1802), Prussian prince, brother of Frederick the Great. General, anddiplomat. 180
Heinrich (1862–1929), Prussian prince. German admiral. 384
Helldorf, Oskar von (1829–1899), Saxon diplomat. Envoy extraordinary and ministerplenipotentiary at Vienna (1876–1897). 329
Henri d’Artois, comte de Chambord (1820–1883), legitimist pretender to the throneof France from 1844. 73, 523
Herbert, Henry Howard Molyneux (1831–1890), British statesman, 4th Earl ofCarnarvon (1849). Secretary of state for the colonies (1866–1867; 1874–1878); LordLieutenant of Ireland (1885–1886). 331
Herz, Carl (1831–1897), Bavarian jurist and politician. Member of the Reichstag (1871–1878;1881–1883) and the second chamber of the Bavarian Landtag (1870–1886); Landgerichtsprasidentin Aschaffenburg (1883–1897). 461, 502
Hill, Sir Clement Lloyd (1845–1913), British diplomat. Junior clerk (1867); acting secondsecretary at Munich (1875–1876); private secretary to the under-secretary of state for foreignaffairs (1885–1886); assistant clerk (1886); senior clerk (1894–1905); MP (1906–1913). 114,485–495
Hirsch, Max (1832–1905), politician and economist. Member of the Reichstag (1869–1871; 1877–1878; 1881–1884; 1890–1893) and the Prussian house of deputies (1899–1905).340
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Hirschfeld, Louis von (1842–1895), German diplomat. First secretary at Constantinople(1881) and Paris (1882–1883). 176
Hirschhorn, Rudolf (1834–1921), lawyer. Member of the second chamber of the HessianLandtag (1875–1878). 235–236
Hodel, Max (1857–1878), plumber and would-be assassin of Wilhelm I in 1878. 336n, 337
Hofmann, Karl von (1827–1910), Hessian statesman. Envoy extraordinary and ministerplenipotentiary to Berlin (1866–1872), minister president and foreign minister (1872–1876); president of the Reichskanzleramt (1876); Prussian minister of commerce (1879–1880); imperial secretary of state in the ministry of the interior (1879–1880) and forAlsace-Lorraine (1880–1887). 10–11, 196, 197n, 210, 215, 217–218, 221, 223–225, 229–233,333
Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst, Chlodwig Furst zu (1819–1901), German statesman.Member of the first chamber of the Bavarian Landtag (1846–1876) and the Reichstag(1868–1881); Bavarian minister president (1866–1870); imperial ambassador to Paris (1874);Statthalter of Alsace-Lorraine (1885); Prussian minister president and German chancellor(1894–1900). 110, 135n, 152–153, 186n
Hohenwart, Karl Graf von (1824–1899), Austrian statesman and civil servant.Landeshauptmann of Krain (1862); Landesprasident of Steiermark (1867); governor of UpperAustria (1868); minister president and minister of the interior (1871); member of the Reichsrat(1879–1891). 34n, 435
Holstein, Friedrich von (1837–1909), German diplomat and civil servant. Secondsecretary of embassy (1871) and secretary of legation (1872) at Paris; employed inthe political department of the German Foreign Office between 1876 and 1906.293
Holthof, Karl (1835–1884), jurist, journalist, and politician. Reichstag member (1877–1888).237
Hompesch-Bollheim, Ferdinand Graf von (1824–1913), Bavarian diplomat. Ministerresident at Athens (1859–1863) and Berne (1865); envoy extraordinary and ministerplenipotentiary to Florence (1868) and London (1868–1871). 40
Hormann, Winfried Hormann von (1821–1896), Bavarian statesman. Member of thesecond chamber of the Bavarian Landtag (1869–1883) and the Reichstag (1871–1874); ministerof the interior (1868–1869); president of the district of Swabia and Neuburg (1870–1877).463
Hornig, Richard (1841–1911), equerry, private secretary, and companion to Ludwig II ofBavaria. 464, 525
Hosein Khan Moshir od-Dowleh, Mirza (1828–1881), Persian diplomat andstatesman. Prime minister (1871–1873). 65
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Howard, Sir Henry Francis (1809–1898), British diplomat. Attache at Munich (1832);secretary of legation at Berlin (1846–1852); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiaryto Lisbon (1855), Hanover (1859), and Munich (1866–1872). 1, 3, 8, 15, 429– 437
Hubel, Gustav Ludwig (1800–1881), Saxon civil servant. President of the Evangelisch-Lutherische Landeskonsistorium (1874–1875). 295
Hubner, Alexander von (1811–1892), Austrian diplomat. Envoy extraordinary andminister plenipotentiary (1849), then ambassador to Paris (1856–1859); minister of police(1859); ambassador to the Holy See (1865–1867). 112
Hugel, Karl Eugen Freiherr von (1805–1870), Wurttemberg diplomat. Envoyextraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at London (1841–1848), Berlin (1850), The Hague(1851), and Vienna (1852); minister of foreign affairs (1855–1864). 395
Ignatyev, Nikolay Pavlovich (1832–1908), Russian general and diplomat. Ambassadorat Constantinople (1864–1877); minister of the interior (1881–1882). 137
Isenburg-Birstein, Furst Karl zu (1838–1899), head of the house of Isenburg-Birsteinfrom 1866. Member of the first Hessian chamber (1864–1899) and the Prussian upper house(1872–1899). 203
Isma’il Pasha (1830–1895), Khedive of Egypt and Sudan (1863–1879). 110n, 111, 167n, 307
Itzenplitz, Heinrich Graf von (1799–1883), Prussian statesman. Member of the Prussianupper house (1854–1883) and the North German Reichstag (1867–1871); minister of agriculture(1862) and of commerce (1862–1873). 60
Jacobini, Ludovico (1832–1887), Italian cardinal from 1879. Apostolic nuncio to Austria(1874–1880) and Cardinal Secretary of State (1880–1887). 521
Jaunez, Edouard (1834–1916), engineer and politician from Alsace-Lorraine. Member ofthe Reichstag (1877–1890). 123
Jerningham, Sir Hubert Edward Henry (1842–1914), British diplomat and statesman.Third secretary at Constantinople (1870) and Darmstadt (1872); second secretary atDarmstadt (1873; repeatedly also acting charge d’affaires) and Vienna (1878–1879); MP(1881–1885); colonial secretary of British Honduras (1887) and Mauritius (1889); Lieutenant-Governor (1892) and Governor (1893) of Mauritius; Governor of Trinidad and Tobago(1897–1900). 11, 21, 207–210, 212–214, 217–240
Jervoise, H.S. Clarke (1832–1911), Foreign Office official. Junior clerk (1854); actingsecond secretary at Florence (1868), Rome (1870), remained there on special service until1874; acting second secretary at Lisbon (1875; acting charge d’affaires 1876); senior clerk atForeign Office (1878–1880); senior clerk (1880–1894). 37
Jocelyn, William Nassau (1832–1892), British diplomat. Secretary of legation atStockholm (1868) and Berne (1873); secretary of embassy at Constantinople (1874–1878);
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charge d’affaires to Hesse and Baden at Darmstadt (1878–1892). 250–259, 262–263, 265–266
Johann (1468–1532), Elector of Saxony from 1525, known as John the Steadfast. 295
Johann I (1801–1873), King of Saxony from 1854. 269, 287
Johann Salvator (1852–c .1890), Austrian archduke and army officer. Renounced his titleand privileges in 1889 and went missing the following year. 112
Jolly, Julius (1823–1891), Baden politician and statesman. Minister president (1868–1876);member of the second chamber of the Baden Landtag (1868–1876). 238
Jorg, Josef Edmund (1819–1901), Bavarian politician, archivist, and Catholic publicist.Member of the second chamber of the Bavarian Landtag (1865–1881) and the Reichstag(1874–1878). 94, 482, 484, 491n, 493, 502
Jourdan, Mathieu Jouve (1746–1794), French revolutionary. 346
Kameke, Georg von (1817–1893), Prussian general and minister of war (1873–1883). 81,124, 152, 182
Karl (1809–1877), Prince of Hesse and by Rhine. Hessian general. 227
Karl I (1823–1891), King of Wurttemberg from 1864. 9, 395, 401–402, 415
Karolyi von Nagykaroly, Graf Alajos (1825–1889), Austrian diplomat. Envoyextraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Copenhagen (1858) and Berlin (1859–1866);ambassador to Berlin (1871) and London (1878–1888). 151
Katharina Friederike Charlotte (1821–1898), Princess of Wurttemberg. 422
Katz, Casimir Rudolf (1824–1880), industrialist and politician. Reichstag member (1877–1880). 238
Kenealy, Edward (1819–1880), Irish barrister and writer. MP (1875–1880). 302–303
Ketteler, Wilhelm Emmanuel Freiherr von (1811–1877), Bishop of Mainz (1872) andCatholic politician. Member of the Frankfurt National Assembly (1848–1849), the firstHessian chamber (1851–1857), and the Reichstag (1871–1872). 12, 38, 84, 204, 207–209, 214,224–225, 452
Khan, Mohammad Qassem (c .1805–1872), Persian army officer and diplomat. Charged’affaires (1855), minister resident (1856) and envoy extraordinary (1859–1860) at StPetersburg; Governor General of the province of Gilan (1862–1868) and the province ofFars (1872). 63
Kiefer, Alois (1836–1902), Bavarian printer, journalist, and labour union official. 499
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Kimberley, see Wodehouse, John
Koch, Otto (1810–1876), Saxon politician. Member of the Frankfurt National Assembly(1848–1849), the second chamber of the Saxon Landtag (1849–1850) and the first chamber(from 1850); mayor of Leipzig (1849–1876). 289
Konneritz, Hans Freiherr von (1820–1911), Saxon diplomat and court official. Charged’affaires at St Petersburg (1853; minister resident from 1860); envoy extraordinary andminister plenipotentiary at Munich (1864) and Berlin (1866–1873). 389
Konneritz, Leonce Robert Freiherr von (1835–1890), Saxon landowner andstatesman. Member of the second chamber of the Saxon Landtag (1866–1876) and theReichstag (1874–1877); Oberhofmarschall (1873–1891); Kreishauptmann of Zwickau (1874) andLeipzig (1876); minister of finance (1876–1890). 315, 344
Krause, Hugo von (1835–1874), Prussian diplomat. Secretary of legation at St Petersburg(1862), Munich (1864), and Washington (1868); secretary of embassy at London (1870). 61
Krause, Karl Gotthold (1837–1899), Saxon lawyer and politician. Member of the secondchamber of the Saxon Landtag (1869–1881) and the Reichstag (1875–1877; 1890–1893). 329
Kreutz, Alexander, Graf von (1850–1911), Russian diplomat; attache in Washington andBerlin. 126
Kuhlwetter, Friedrich von (1809–1882), Prussian civil servant and statesman. Presidentof the administrative district of Aachen (1848–1866), of Dusseldorf (1866); minister of theinterior (1848); head of the civil administration in Alsace (1870); president of the Provinceof Westphalia (1871–8). 69
Kullmann, Eduard (1853–1892), journeyman cooper. Tried to assassinate Bismarck in1874. 94–95, 476
Kunitz, Rudolf (n.a.), Prussian crown prosecutor at Frankfurt. 250
Landau, Isidor (1850–1944), journalist and theatre critic. Editor of the Dresdner Presse(1875–1877). 328
Lanfrey, Pierre (1828–1877), French historian, diplomat, and politician. 383
Lasker, Eduard (1829–1884), German jurist and politician. Member of the Prussian houseof deputies (1863–1879) and the Reichstag (1867–1884). 81, 231, 249, 306, 351–352, 354, 379,460, 462, 466
Lassalle, Ferdinand (1825–1864), socialist politician and writer. Founding president ofthe Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein (1863). 299–302, 304, 325–326
Lauer, Gustav Adolph von (1808–1889), Prussian army officer and personal physicianto Wilhelm I. 181
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Layard, Sir Austen Henry (1817–1894), British archaeologist, politician, and diplomat.MP (1852–1870); under-secretary of state for foreign affairs (1852; 1861–1866); envoyextraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Madrid (1869); ambassador to Constantinople(1877–1880). 151n, 156
Ledochowski, Mieczyslaw Halka (1822–1902), Archbishop of Gniezno and Poznan(1866). Cardinal (1875) and prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples(1892). 69, 79, 441, 444, 498, 519
Lefebvre de Behaine, Edouard Alphonse, comte de (1829–1897), French diplomat.Charge d’affaires at Munich (1871); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary atThe Hague (1880); ambassador to the Holy See (1882). 469–471, 497, 505
Leitrim, William Sydney Clements (1806–1878), Anglo-Irish landlord. MP (1839–1847); 3rd Earl of Leitrim (1855); assassinated in Donegal in 1878. 346
Leo XIII (1810–1903), born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci. Pope from 1878.153–155, 168–169, 171–172, 190, 362, 497n, 501, 519–520
Leonhardt, Adolf (1815–1880), jurist and statesman. Minister of justice of Hanover (1865–1866) and Prussia (1867–1879). 318, 330, 406, 409
Leopold I (1676–1747), Prince of Anhalt-Dessau. Prussian general. 118
Leopold (1846–1930), Prince of Bavaria. German army officer. 528
Leveson-Gower, Granville George (1815–1891), British statesman. MP (1837–1846); 2ndEarl Granville (1846); foreign secretary (1851–1852; 1870–1874; 1880–1885); lord president ofthe council (1852–1866 with interruptions in 1854–1855 and 1858–1859); colonial secretary(1868–1870). 6, 29–78, 155–190, 193–212, 255–266, 269–280, 357–391, 395–406, 418–425, 429–475, 505–528
Liebknecht, Wilhelm (1826–1900), socialist politician. After the failed Baden revolutionof 1848–1849 went into exile in Switzerland and then England (1850–1862); returned toGermany 1862; member of the Reichstag (1867–1871; 1874–1900) and the Saxon secondchamber (1879–1886; 1889–1892). 48n, 237, 249, 270–271, 273n, 284, 287, 300, 326–328, 391
Lindau, Rudolf (1829–1910), German journalist and diplomat. Attache for press andcommercial affairs at the Paris embassy (1872); head of the press office at the Berlin ForeignOffice from 1879. 378
Lister, Thomas Villiers (1832–1902), Foreign Office official. Assistant under-secretaryof state for foreign affairs (1873–1893). 183, 389
Littlewood, Henry Bucknall (1838–1912), commission agent from London. 29
Loe in Terporten bei Goch, Felix Freiherr von (1925–1896), jurist and Catholicpolitician. Member of the provincial Landtag of the Rhineland (1868–1888), the Prussianhouse of deputies (1870–1876; 1890–1896), and the North German Reichstag (1867–1871). 202
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Loftus, Lord Augustus William Frederick Spencer (1817–1904), British diplomat.Attache at Berlin (1837) and Stuttgart (1844); secretary of legation at Stuttgart (1852) andBerlin (1853); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Vienna (1858), Berlin(1860), and Munich (1862); ambassador to Berlin (1866) and St Petersburg (1871); governorof New South Wales (1879–1885). 7, 18, 19, 29–36, 44–45, 119, 317, 416
Louis XIV (1638–1715), King of France from 1643. 316
Louis Philippe (1773–1850), duc d’Orleans. Elected King of the French after the revolutionof July 1830; deposed in February 1848. 75
Louise Margaret (1860–1917), Prussian princess. Duchess of Connaught and Strathearnupon her marriage to Prince Arthur in 1879. 522
Lowe, Charles (1848–1931), British journalist and author. Berlin correspondent for TheTimes (1878–1891). 382–383
Lowe, Wilhelm (1814–1886), physician and republican politician. Member of the FrankfurtNational Assembly and president of the Stuttgart Rump Parliament (1849); exiled inSwitzerland, Paris, London, and New York; returned to Germany after Prussian amnesty of1861; member of the Prussian house of deputies (1863–1886) and the Reichstag (1867–1881).317
Lucius-Ballhausen, Robert Freiherr (1835–1914), landowner, physician and politician.Member of the Reichstag (1867–1881), the Prussian house of deputies (1870–1879; 1882–1893),and the upper house (from 1895). 81, 143
Ludwig (1845–1921), Bavarian prince. Prince regent (1912–1913), see Ludwig III.
Ludwig I (1786–1868), King of Bavaria (1825–1848). 485n, 489
Ludwig II (1845–1886), King of Bavaria from 1864. 11, 19, 44, 109–110, 429–430, 431n, 434,436–438, 453, 457, 462–465, 476, 482, 484–487, 488n, 491–492, 494–496, 500–502, 505–506,509–511, 514–517, 522–528
Ludwig III (1845–1921), Bavarian prince. Prince regent (1912–1913); reigned as last Kingof Bavaria (1913–1918). 528
Ludwig III (1806–1877), Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1848. 198–199, 222–224,229, 232, 236
Ludwig IV (1837–1892), Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1877. 5, 197n, 226–227,245, 251, 262, 265–266
Luise (1776–1810), Princess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz; Queen consort of Prussia from 1797.180
Luise (1838–1923), Prussian princess. Grand Duchess of Baden from 1856. 106
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Luitpold (1821–1912), Prince of Bavaria. Prince regent from 1886. 44, 482, 491, 527–528
Lumley, see Savile (formerly Savile Lumley), John
Luthardt, August (1824–1906), Bavarian jurist and politician. Member of the secondchamber of the Bavarian Landtag (1881–1886). 506–507
Luther, Martin (1483–1546), reforming theologian. 389–390
Lutz, Johann (1826–1890), Bavarian statesman. Minister of justice (1867–1871) and ofcultural affairs (1869–1880); head of the council of ministers (1880–1890); ennobled in 1880and given the title Freiherr in 1883. 429, 435–437, 456, 486, 494, 506–507, 518
Lyons, Richard Bickerton Pemell (1817–1887), British diplomat. Baron Lyons (1858),created Viscount Lyons (1881); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary toWashington (1858–1865), ambassador to France (1867–1887); died before patent was sealedon earldom (1887). 62, 65, 98, 130, 134, 137, 146, 165–166
Macaulay, Thomas Babington (1800–1859), British historian and politician. MP(1830–1847; 1852–1856); secretary at war (1839–1841); created 1st Baron Macaulay (1857).391
MacDonell, Sir Hugh Guion (1832–1904), British diplomat. Secretary of embassy atBerlin (1875) and Rome (1878); charge d’affaires at Munich (1882); envoy extraordinary atRio de Janeiro (1885), Copenhagen (1888), and Lisbon (1893–1902). 16, 117–118, 126–128,189, 509, 510, 511– 528
MacMahon, Patrice de (1808–1893), French general and statesman. Governor Generalof Algeria (1864–1870); President of France (1873–1879). 73, 105n, 346–347, 469–470
Magnus, Anton Freiherr von (1821–1882), Prussian diplomat. Minister resident atMexico (1865); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Hamburg (1867),Stuttgart (1872), and Copenhagen (1878–1881). 402
Majunke, Paul (1842–1899), Catholic priest, politician, and publicist. Member of theReichstag (1874–1884) and the Prussian house of deputies (1878–1884). 96, 320, 409n
Malet, Sir Edward Baldwin (1837–1908), British diplomat. Secretary of legation atPeking (1871), Athens (1873), and Rome (1875); secretary of embassy at Rome (1876)and Constantinople; consul general in Egypt (1879); envoy extraordinary and ministerplenipotentiary at Brussels (1883); ambassador to Berlin (1884–1895). 165
Malkam Khan, Mirza (1833–1908), Persian diplomat and reformer. Envoy extraordinaryand minister plenipotentiary to London (1873–1888) and Rome (1898–1908). 65
Malsen, Ludwig Freiherr von (1828–1895), Bavarian diplomat and court official.Oberhofmarschall from 1868. 522
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Mansfield, William Murray (1705–1793), English judge and statesman. Solicitor general(1742) and attorney general for England and Wales (1754); chief justice of the King’sBench (1756–1788); chancellor of the exchequer (1757); created 1st Earl of Mansfield (1792).319
Manteuffel, Edwin Freiherr von (1809–1885), Prussian general. Military governor ofSchleswig (1864); commander during the Austro-Prussian War and the Franco-PrussianWar; governor general of Alsace-Lorraine (1879–1885). 75, 119, 188
March, George Edward (1834–1881), Foreign Office official. Superintendent of the treatydepartment (1873–1881). 406
Maria Alexandrovna (1824–1880), nee Marie of Hesse and by Rhine. Married AlexanderII and became Empress of Russia upon his accession to the throne in 1855. 21, 193, 195, 222
Maria Alexandrovna (1853–1920), Grand Duchess of Russia. Became Duchess ofEdinburgh upon her marriage to Prince Alfred in 1874, and, from 1893, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. 83, 522
Maria Feodorovna (1847–1928), Princess Dagmar of Denmark. Married AlexanderAlexandrovich (later Alexander III) in 1866; Empress of Russia 1881–1894. 150
Maria Therese (1849–1919), Archduchess of Austria-Este. Married Prince Ludwig ofBavaria in 1868; last Queen of Bavaria (1913–1918). 528
Mariani, Jean Baptiste (1834–1890), French diplomat. Charge d’affaires at Munich(1882–8); ambassador to Rome (1888–1890). 189–190, 509–511, 527
Marie (1825–1889), Princess of Prussia. Queen of Bavaria from 1848. 510, 526
Marie (1850–1922), Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt. Grand Duchess consort ofMecklenburg-Schwerin from 1868. 45
Marie (1857–1882), Princess of Waldeck and Pyrmont. Princess of Wurttemberg upon hermarriage to Crown Prince Wilhelm in 1877. 422
Marr, Wilhelm (1819–1904), journalist and anti-Semitic publicist. Member of theHamburg state parliament (1861–1862). 351n–354
Martin, Konrad (1812–1879), theologian and Catholic priest. Professor at the Universityof Bonn (1844); Bishop of Paderborn (1856; deposed de facto, but with no ecclesiasticaleffect, in 1875). 69, 498
Martinucci, Vincenzo (n.a.), Italian architect. Architect of the Apostolic Palace until1879. 512
Marx, Karl (1818–1883), German philosopher and socialist thinker. 300, 304
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Masella, Gaetano Aloisi (1826–1902), Italian cardinal. Apostolic nuncio at Munich(1877) and Lisbon (1879–1883); prefect of the Congregation of Rites (1899). 145n, 496–498
Maucler, Karl Rene Freiherr von (1841–1907), Wurttemberg diplomat. Charged’affaires (1873) and then envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at St Petersburg(1879–1881). 416–417
Maximilian II (1811–1864), King of Bavaria from 1848. 484–485n
May, Thomas Erskine (1815–1886), British civil servant and constitutional theorist. Clerkof the House of Commons (1871–1886); created Baron Farnborough (1886). 345–346n
Maybach, Albert von (1822–1904), Prussian railway official and statesman. Presidentof the imperial railway office; imperial undersecretary of state (1877); Prussian ministerof commerce and public works (1878–1891); member of the Prussian house of deputies(1882–1888; 1890–1893). 254
Mayr, Georg von (1841–1925), Bavarian civil servant. Head of the Bavarian StatisticalBureau (1869); undersecretary of state in the imperial office for Alsace-Lorraine (1879–1887). 509
Mazarin, Jules (1602–1661), Italian cardinal and diplomat. Chief minister of France from1642. 371
Meglia, Francesco Pier (1810–1883), cardinal priest. Apostolic nuncio to Mexico (1864),Munich (1866), and Paris (1874–1879). 95
Melchers, Paulus (1813–1895), Archbishop of Cologne (1866). Exiled to the Netherlands(1875); cardinal priest in Rome (1885). 79, 153, 154, 519
Mendelssohn Bartholdy, Felix (1809–1847), composer, pianist, and conductor. 351
Menshikov, Vladimir Aleksandrovich (1816–1893), Russian general. 66
Mermillod, Gaspard (1824–1892), Swiss Catholic priest. Vicar apostolic of Geneva(1873); Bishop of Lausanne and Geneva (1883); cardinal (1890). 295
Metternich, Clemens Wenzel Furst von (1773–1859), Austrian statesman. Foreignminister (1809–1848); house, court, and state chancellor (1821–1848). 363
Meyer, Rudolf (1839–1899), social conservative publicist. Fled to Austria in 1877 to avoidprison sentence; emigrated to USA and Canada (1881); returned to Austria in 1889. 322
Meyerbeer, Giacomo (1791–1864), born Jacob Liebmann Beer. Composer andconductor. 351
Michell, Thomas (1835–1899), British consul general for Eastern Rumelia (1879) andNorway (1880–1897). 155, 157
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A N N O TAT E D IN D E X O F N A M E S 555
Milan I (1854–1901), ruler of Serbia (1868–1889), first as prince and then, from 1882, asking. 511
Minckwitz, Heinrich Eduard (1819–1886), Saxon jurist and liberal politician. Memberof the Frankfurt Pre-Parliament (1848), the Reichstag (1867; 1871–1877), and the Saxon secondchamber (1869–1880). 281, 285, 286, 372
Mittnacht, Hermann Freiherr von (1825–1909), Wurttemberg jurist and statesman.Member of the second chamber of the Wurttemberg Landtag (1861–1900); minister of justice(1867–1878), foreign minister (1873–1900) and minister president (1876–1900). 397, 399–400,406–409, 411–412, 416n, 417–419
Mohl, Moritz (1802–1888), Wurttemberg economist and politician. Member of theFrankfurt Pre-Parliament and National Assembly (1848–1849), the Wurttemberg constituentassembly (1849–1850), the chamber of deputies (1851–1887), and the Reichstag (1871–1873).397
Mohl, Robert von (1799–1875), Baden politician and diplomat. Professor at Tubingen(1825) and Heidelberg (1847); plenipotentiary to the Federal Diet (1861–1866); envoyextraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Munich (1866–1871); president of the Badenaudit office (1871–1874); Reichstag member (1874–1875). 286
Moltke, Helmuth Graf von (1800–1891), Prussian general. Chief of staff of the Prussianarmy (1858–1888); member of the Reichstag (1867–1891) and the Prussian upper house (1872).55, 75–76, 102–104, 152, 182, 218, 312–313, 315, 374
Mommsen, Theodor (1817–1903), historian, classical scholar, and politician. Member ofthe Prussian house of deputies (1863–1866; 1873–1879) and the Reichstag (1881–1884); Nobellaureate in literature (1902). 381
Montebello, Gustave Lannes de (1838–1907), French diplomat. Charge d’affairesat Munich (1880); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Brussels(1882); ambassador to Constantinople (1886) and St Petersburg (1891–1902).509
Moreau, Jean Victor Marie (1863–1813), French general. Mortally wounded in theBattle of Dresden. 291
Morier, Sir Robert Burnett David (1826–1893), British diplomat. Attache at Vienna(1853) and Berlin (1858); second secretary at Berlin (1862); secretary of legation at Athens(1865), Frankfurt (1866), and Darmstadt (1866); charge d’affaires at Stuttgart (1871) and Mu-nich (1872); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Lisbon (1876) and Madrid(1881); ambassador to Russia (1884–1893). 3–4, 6, 9, 15, 22, 114, 193–198, 396–401, 438–485,488
Most, Johann Josef (1846–1906), politician, journalist. Member of the Reichstag (1874–1876); editor of the anarchist newspaper Freiheit in London (1879–1881); emigratedto the USA after serving a prison sentence (1882). 164n, 287–288, 293, 300, 368–369
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Motteler, Julius (1838–1908), bookkeeper, publisher, and socialist politician. Reichstagmember (1874–1878; 1903–1907); went into exile in Zurich (1879) and London (1888–1901).300
Moufang, Christoph (1817–1890), Catholic theologian, priest, and politician.Administrator of the diocese of Mainz; domestic prelate from 1886; member of the Reichstag(1871–1890) and the first Hessian chamber (from 1863). 237
Moy de Sons, Karl Graf von (1827–1894), Bavarian court official. Master of ceremoniesfrom 1859. 434
Muffling genannt Weiß, Wilhelm von (1839–1912), Prussian jurist and civil servant.Landrat of the circle of Czarnikau (1872) and Demmin (1877); police president at Stettin(1887) and Frankfurt am Main (1889–1904). 69
Muhsin Khan, Mirza (1819–1910), Persian diplomat. Minister plenipotentiary at London;ambassador at Constantinople (1872–1890); minister of foreign affairs (1896–1899). 66
Munster, Georg Herbert Graf zu (1820–1902), German diplomat. Hanoverianenvoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to St Petersburg (1856–1865); imperialambassador to London (1873) and Paris (1885–1900). Member of the first chamber of theHanoverian Landtag (1846–1866), the Reichstag (1867–1874), and the Prussian upper house(1867–1902). 68, 78, 103, 110, 164
Murray, Sir Charles Augustus (1806–1895), British diplomat and writer. Envoyextraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Berne (1853), Tehran (1854), Dresden (1859),Copenhagen (1866), and Lisbon (1867–1874). 274
Murray, Eustace Clare Grenville (1824–1881), British diplomat and journalist. From1851 posted as attache to Vienna, Hanover, Constantinople, and Tehran; consul general atOdessa (1858–1868); Paris correspondent for various newspapers and magazines from 1869.91
Napier, Robert Cornelis, (1810–1890), British army officer. Commander of theEthiopian campaign (1867–188); commander-in-chief, India (1871); Governor of Gibraltar(1874–1883); created Baron Napier of Magdala (1868). 313
Napoleon I (1769–1821), French general. Emperor of the French (1804–1814; 1815). 76n,180, 314, 316, 349, 383, 385, 473–474, 489
Napoleon III (1808–1873), Charles Louis, later Louis Napoleon Bonaparte. President ofthe French Second Republic (1848–1851); assumed dictatorial powers in December 1851;Emperor of the French (1852–1870). 95, 194n, 214n, 247n, 271n, 368n, 431
Naro, Costantino Patrizi (1798–1876), Italian cardinal. Cardinal vicar (1841); dean ofthe college of cardinals (1870). 443
Nasir al-Din (1831–1896), Qajar Shah of Iran from 1848. 63–66
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A N N O TAT E D IN D E X O F N A M E S 557
Neidhart, Karl von (1827–1909), Hessian diplomat. Envoy extraordinary and ministerplenipotentiary at Berlin (1876–1908). 246
Neumann, Leopold (1831–1895), politician and lawyer in Freiburg. Member of the Badensecond chamber (1875–1879; 1892–1894). 238
Neve, Johann (1846–1896), German anarchist. Lived in Paris, London, and Zurich(1874–1885); extradited to Germany from Belgium in 1887 and sentenced to 15 years’imprisonment. 164
Nicholas I (1796-1855), Tsar of Russia from 1825. 318, 417n
Niebuhr, Barthold Georg (1776–1831), Prussian civil servant, historian, and diplomat.Envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to the Holy See (1816–1827). 349
Niethammer, Friedrich Freiherr von (1831–1911), Bavarian diplomat. Envoyextraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Brussels (1869; from 1870 also at The Hague),Switzerland (1872; from 1873 also at Baden), and Saxony (1887–1903). 39
Noailles, Emmanuel-Henri-Victurnien, marquis de (1830–1909), French diplomat.Envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Washington (1872); ambassador toRome (1873), Constantinople (1882–1886), and Berlin (1896–1902). 176
Nordenflycht, Ferdinand Otto Freiherr von (1816–1901), Prussian civil servant.Member of the chamber of deputies (1866–1867); Oberprasident of the Province of Silesia(1873–1874). 95–96
Nostitz-Wallwitz, Hermann von (1826–1906), Saxon statesman. Minister of the interior(1866–1891), the royal house (1869–1871; 1882–1895), and foreign affairs (1876–1882);member of the second chamber of the Saxon Landtag (1857–1866) and the Reichstag (1874–1877). 276, 289, 315–316, 323, 329, 331, 333, 338–339, 345, 347, 349–350, 354–355, 357,360–365, 367–369, 371, 391
Nostitz-Wallwitz, Oswald von (1830–1885), Saxon diplomat. Envoy extraordinary andminister plenipotentiary at Berlin (1873–1885). 329
Oechsner, Georg (1822–1895), Hessian politician and mayor of Mainz (1885–1894).Member of the Hessian second chamber (1866–1874) and the Reichstag (1877–1878). 237
Oehler, Anton von (1810–1879), Catholic priest. Vicar general of the diocese of Rottenburgfrom1852. 415
Olga Nikolaievna (1822–1892), Grand Duchess of Russia. Queen of Wurttemberg from1864. 411, 417n
Ormonde, James Butler, Duke of (1665–1745), army officer and politican. LordLieutenant of Ireland (1703–1707; 1710–1713). 118
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558 A N N O TAT E D IN D E X O F N A M E S
Orton, Arthur (1834–1898), Australian butcher and ‘Tichborne claimant’. 303
Oscar II (1829–1907), King of Sweden from 1872, and King of Norway (1872–1905). 102
Osten-Sacken, Nikolai von der (1831–1912), Russian diplomat. Minister resident atDarmstadt (1870); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Munich (1880);ambassador to Berlin (1895–1912). 518
Otto (1848–1916), King of Bavaria (1886–1913). 465, 494, 526, 528
Otto-Walster, August (1834–1898), journalist and socialist politician. Emigrated to NewYork between 1876 and 1890. 275
Ow-Felldorf, Karl Freiherr von (1818–1898), Bavarian jurist and politician. Memberof the Bavarian second chamber (1863–1892; its president 1871–1872 and 1875–1892), firstchamber (1893–1898), and the Reichstag (1871–1882). 482
Paget, Augustus Berkeley (1823–1896), British diplomat. Envoy extraordinary andminister plenipotentiary to Saxony (1858), Denmark (1859), Portugal (1866), and Italy (1867);ambassador to Italy (1876) and Austria-Hungary (1884–1894). 168, 519, 521
Palgrave, William Gifford (1826–1888), British diplomat and consular agent. Consul atSukhumi (1866), Trebizond (1867), St Thomas and St Croix (1873), Manila (1876); consulgeneral at Sofia (1878), Bangkok (1879), and Montevideo, where he also was minister resident(1884). 128–129, 251
Palmerston, Henry John Temple (1784–1865), British statesman; 3rd ViscountPalmerston (1802). MP (1807–1865); secretary at war (1809–1828); foreign secretary (1830–1841; 1846–1851); home secretary (1851); prime minister (1855–1858; 1859–1865). 363
Pauline (1877–1965), Princess of Wurttemberg. 422
Paumgarten, Ludwig von (1821–1883), Bavarian diplomat. Envoy extraordinary andminister plenipotentiary to Florence (1868), Dresden (1870), and the Holy See (1873).513
Pauncefote, Julian (1828–1902), British diplomat. Assistant under-secretary of state forthe colonies (1874) and foreign affairs (1876); permanent under-secretary of state for foreignaffairs (1882); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary (1889), ambassador to theUnited States from (1893); created 1st Baron Pauncefote (1899). 262, 419
Peel, Sir Robert (1788–1850), British statesman. MP (1809–1850); home secretary (1821–1830); prime minister (1834–1835; 1841–1846). 290, 314, 343, 356n
Perponcher-Sedlnitzky, Wilhelm Graf von (1819–1893), Prussian diplomat. Envoyextraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Darmstadt (1857–1859), Naples (1860–1861),Munich (1862–1863), and The Hague (1863–1875). 98–99
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A N N O TAT E D IN D E X O F N A M E S 559
Petre, Sir George Glynn (1822–1905), British diplomat. Secretary of embassy atBerlin (1868); charge d’affaires at Stuttgart (1872–1881); envoy extraordinary and ministerplenipotentiary at Buenos Aires (1881–1883) and Lisbon (1884–1893). 6, 13, 18, 36–43, 44,46–47, 114, 402–416, 416, 418– 419
Petsch, Albert (n.a.), dentist from Berlin. 177
Pfeuffer, Sigmund von (1824–1894), Bavarian statesman. Minister of the interior (1871–1881); Regierungsprasident of the Circle of the Rhine (1867–1871), and Upper Bavaria (1881–1894). 494
Pfordten, Ludwig Freiherr von der (1811–1880), jurist, diplomat, and statesman. Saxonminister of the interior and temporary foreign minister (1848–1849); member of the secondchamber of the Bavarian Landtag (1849–1858); Bavarian minister president and foreignminister (1849–1859; 1864–1866); Bavarian envoy to the Federal Diet (1859–1864). 196n, 256
Pfretzschner, Adolph Freiherr von (1820–1901), Bavarian statesman. Minister of trade(1865–1866) and finances (1866–1872); minister president and minister of foreign affairs(1872–1880); member of the first chamber of the Bavarian Landtag (1872–1897). 454n, 467,469–471, 476, 485–486, 492,
Pietro, Angelo Di (1828–1914), apostolic nuncio to Munich (1882) and Madrid (1887).Cardinal (1893) and prefect of the Congregation of the Council (1893–1895). 509–510,519–521
Piombazzi, Sigmund Ritter von (1851–1891), Austrian consul. Vice consul atConstantinople (1871); consul at Edirne (1879), Plovdiv (1879–1886), and Odessa (1886–1891). 157
Pius VII (1742–1823), born Gregorio Barnaba Chiaramonti. Cardinal 1785; pope from1800. 489
Pius IX (1792–1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti. Pope from 1846. 38, 55–56, 63,71–73, 77n, 79, 89, 95, 100–102, 121, 153n, 155, 211, 213, 283n, 295, 305, 409–411, 441–449,452–453n, 511
Planitz, Bernhard Edler von der (1828–1907), Saxon landowner and politician.Member of the Saxon first chamber (1869–1902). 330
Plunkett, Sir Francis Richard (1835–1907), British diplomat. Second secretary at StPetersburg (1862), Copenhagen (1863), Vienna (1865), Berlin (1868), Florence (1868), andBerlin (1871); secretary of legation at Tokyo (1873), Washington (1876); secretary of embassyat St Petersburg (1877), Constantinople (1881), and Paris (1881); envoy extraordinary andminister plenipotentiary at Tokyo (1884–1887; also consul general in this period), Stockholm(1888), and Brussels (1893); ambassador to Vienna (1900–1905). 46, 49–52
Polit-Desancic, Mihailo (1833–1920), Serbian politician and journalist. Member of theHungarian diet (1873–1913). 472
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560 A N N O TAT E D IN D E X O F N A M E S
Pollexfen, Sir Henry (c .1632–1691), British judge and politician. 320
Protic, Kosta (1831–1892), Serbian general and statesman. Minister of war (1873–1875;1889); member of the regency council (1889–1892). 511
Puttkamer, Robert von (1828–1900), Prussian statesman. Member of the Reichstag (1874–1884; 1890–1891), the Prussian house of deputies (1879–1885), and the upper house (from1889); Oberprasident of Silesia (1877) and Pomerania (1891–1899); minister of cultural affairs(1879–1881) and of the interior (1881–1888). 144–145, 367
Rabenau, Adalbert Freiherr Nordeck zur (1817–1892), jurist and politician. Memberof the second chamber of the Hessian Landtag (1847–1849; 1851–1856; 1872–1892), theFrankfurt Pre-Parliament (1848), and the Reichstag (1867–1881). 196, 235–236
Radowitz, Joseph von (1839–1912), German diplomat. Consul general at Bucharest(1870); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Athens (1874–1882); acting headof embassy at St Petersburg (1876–1878) and Paris (1880); ambassador to Constantinople(1882) and Madrid (1892–1908). 245
Ramel Michelet, Georg Ove von (1830–1908), Swedish army officer; military attacheat Berlin (1873–1877). 124
Raspail, Francois-Vincent (1794–1878), French chemist, physician, and socialistpolitician. 288
Reich, Karl (c .1825), Prussian jurist. Judge at the Berlin Stadtgericht (1873) and the BerlinLandgericht (from 1879). 294
Reichardt, Julius (1826–1898), publisher and founding editor of the Dresdner Nachrichten.364
Reichensperger, Peter (1810–1892), Prussian politician and Catholic publicist. Memberof the Frankfurt Pre-Parliament and the Prussian National Assembly (1848), the ErfurtDiet (1850), and the Prussian second chamber (1849–1856; 1858–1892); Reichstag member(1867–1892). 38
Reinkens, Joseph Hubert (1821–1896), theologian. Professor at the University of Breslau(1853); first Old Catholic bishop in Germany (1873). 13, 42n, 71–73, 209–211, 224
Reuleaux, Franz (1829–1905), mechanical engineer. Professor at the universities of Zurich(1856) and Berlin (1864). 334
Reuter, Paul Julius Freiherr von (1816–1899), entrepreneur, journalist, and founder ofReuter’s Telegram Company. Naturalized British subject (1857). 63–64
Ricardo, David (1872–1823), English economist. 301–304
Richter, Eugen (1838–1906), publicist and politician. Member of the Reichstag (1867–1906)and the Prussian house of deputies (1869–1905). 341, 370, 379
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A N N O TAT E D IN D E X O F N A M E S 561
Rickert, Heinrich (1833–1902), journalist and liberal politician. Member of the Reichstag(1874–1903) and the Prussian house of deputies (1870–1902). 38
Riedel, Emil von (1832–1906), Bavarian jurist and statesman; minister of finance (1877–1904). 508
Rittler, Alois (1839–1890), Catholic priest, journalist, teacher, and politician. Member ofthe second chamber of the Bavarian Landtag (1875–1890). 506
Roder, Eugen von (1808–1888), Prussian civil servant. Master of ceremonies (1863); Vize-Oberzeremonienmeister (1873) and Oberkuchenmeister (1885). 46
Roncetti, Cesare (1834–1881), Italian archbishop. Apostolic nuncio at Munich (1879–1881). 500–502, 505
Ronge, Johannes (1813–1887), theologian and leader of the German Catholics(Deutschkatholiken). 43
Roon, Albrecht von (1803–1879), Prussian general and statesman. Member of the Prussianhouse of deputies (1860–1861; 1863–1870), the North German Reichstag (1867–1870), and thePrussian upper house (from 1872); minister of war (1859–1873) and the navy (1861–1872);minister president (1873); created Graf (1871). 58–60, 77, 89
Rosenberg, Adalbert Franz Anton Freiherr von (1818–1880), Prussian diplomat.Envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Lisbon (1859), Stockholm (1862),Stuttgart (1867), and Hamburg (1872–1875). 402
Rudhart, Gideon von (1833–1898), Bavarian diplomat. Charge d’affaires at Paris (1871);envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Berlin (1877), St Petersburg (1880), andDresden (1883–1887). 157–158
Rudolf (1858–1889), Archduke of Austria and Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary. 19, 159,495–496
Russell, John (1792–1878), British statesman, known as Lord John Russell before 1861.MP (1830–1861); home secretary (1834–1839); secretary of state for war and the colonies(1839–1841); prime minister (1846–1852; 1865–1866); foreign secretary (1852–1853; 1859–1865); secretary of state for the colonies (1855); created 1st Earl Russell (1861). 77n, 89, 106,122n
Russell, Odo (1829–1884), British diplomat. Attache at Paris, Vienna, Constantinople,Washington, and Naples; from 1860 on special service at Rome (as unaccredited envoyto the Holy See); undertook a special mission to the German headquarters at Versailles(November 1870–March 1871); ambassador to Berlin (1871–1884); styled Lord Odo Russellfrom 1872, created Baron Ampthill (1881). 7, 10–14, 16–21, 23, 34, 45–49, 52 –68, 70–84,86–116, 119–126, 128–143, 146–160, 162–165, 171–185, 188–190, 413, 481n, 492
Russell, William Howard (1820–1907), British journalist and (war) correspondent forThe Times. 270
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Saburov, Peter Alexandrovich (1835–1918), Russian diplomat. Envoy extraordinary atAthens (1870); ambassador to Berlin (1880–1884). 20–21, 178, 188–189
Sachße, Friedrich Raimund (1817–1898), jurist and politician. Member of the secondchamber of the Saxon Landtag (1857–1874) and the North German Reichstag (1867–1869). 283
Saint-Vallier, Charles Raymond de (1833–1886), French diplomat. Envoyextraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Stuttgart (1868–1870); ambassador to Berlin(1877–1881). 135, 148–152, 172
Salisbury, Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil (1830–1903), British Statesman.MP (1853–1868); secretary of state for India (1866–1867; 1874–1878); 3rd Marquess ofSalisbury (1868); secretary of state for foreign affairs (1878–1880; 1885–1886; 1887–1892;1895–1900); prime minister (1885–1886; 1886–1892; 1895–1902). 6, 18, 137n, 138–155, 245–255, 317, 333–357, 358n, 414–418, 496–504
Savigny, Carl Friedrich von (1814–1875), Prussian diplomat. Envoy extraordinary andminister plenipotentiary at Karlsruhe (1850), Dresden (1859), and Brussels (1863); envoyto the Federal Diet (1864–1866); member of the Prussian house of deputies (1867–1868;1870–1875) and the Reichstag (1867–1875). 38
Savile (formerly Savile Lumley), John (1818–1896), British diplomat. Envoyextraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Saxony (1866), the Swiss Confederation (1867),and Belgium (1868); ambassador to Italy (1883–1888); created 1st Baron Savile (1888). 80,184, 478
Schachtmeyer, Hans Ferdinand Rudolf von (1816–1897), Prussian army officer;governor of Strasbourg (1875–1878); commanding general of the XIII army corps inWurttemberg (1878–1886). 421
Schefsky, Josephine (1843–1912), opera singer and actress. Employed at the MunichHoftheater (1871–1879). 464
Scherr, Gregor von (1804–1877), Archbishop of Munich and Freising from 1856. 432,434, 451
Schiller, Friedrich (1759–1805), German poet and dramatist. 367
Schlor, Gustav von (1820–1883), Bavarian jurist, politician, and statesman. Minister oftrade (1866–1871); member of the Frankfurt National Assembly (1848–1849) and the secondchamber of the Bavarian Landtag (1855–1883). 493
Schlozer, Kurd von (1822–1894), German diplomat. Consul general in Mexico (1869–1871); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Washington (1871–1882), andPrussian envoy to the Holy See (1882–1892). 62, 169n, 171n, 513n, 519, 521
Schmid, Anton (1842–1908), Baden politician and farmer. Member of the Baden secondchamber (1881–1888). 258
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A N N O TAT E D IN D E X O F N A M E S 563
Schroder, Johann Wilhelm (1833–1910), Catholic priest and cathedral vicar fromPaderborn. 69
Schulze-Delitzsch, Franz Hermann (1808–1883), social reformer and politician.Member of the Prussian National Assembly (1848), Prussian house of deputies (1848–1849;1861–1872) and the Reichstag (1867–1883). 40–42, 300, 340
Schwarz, Franz Joseph (1821–1885), Catholic priest in Ellwangen and art historian.Domestic prelate from 1875. 411
Schwauß, Karl August (1826–1906), Dresden police director (1863–1893). 272
Schweinitz, Hans Lothar von (1822–1901), Prussian general and diplomat. Envoyextraordinary at Vienna (1869; imperial ambassador from 1871); ambassador to StPetersburg (1876–1892). 34n, 110, 119
Schweitzer, Jean Baptiste von (1833–1875), lawyer, journalist, and socialist politician.Member of the North German Reichstag (1867–1871); president of the Allgemeiner DeutscherArbeiterverein (1867–1871). 300, 327
Scott, Sir Charles Stewart (1838–1924), British diplomat. Second secretary at Mexico(1866), Lisbon (1868), Stuttgart (1871), Munich (1872), Vienna (1873), St Petersburg (1874), andDarmstadt (1877); secretary of legation at Coburg (1879); repeatedly acting charge d’affairesat Darmstadt from 1877 to 1883, also at Stuttgart in 1881; secretary of embassy at Berlin(1883); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Berne (1888) and Copenhagen(1893); ambassador to St Petersburg (1898–1904). 4, 20, 240–249, 251, 259, 264–265, 399, 455
Scroggs, Sir William (c .1623–1683), British judge. Lord Chief Justice of England (1678–1681). 320
Seguier, Antoine-Louis (1726–1792), French jurist and magistrate. 319
Seydewitz, Otto von (1818–1898), Prussian landowner and politician. Reichstag member(1867–1884; 1887–1890; its president 1879–1880); Oberprasident of the Province of Silesia(1879–1894). 143
Seymour, Francis George Hugh (1812–1884), British army officer, courtier, andpolitician. Fifth Marquess of Hertford (1870); Lord Chamberlain (1874–1879). 64–65
Seymour, Sir George Hamilton (1797–1880), British diplomat. Minister resident atFlorence (1830); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Brussels (1835), Lisbon(1846), St Petersburg (1851–1854), and Vienna (1855–1858). 318
Shuvalov, Pyotr Andreyevich (1827–1889), Russian diplomat. Ambassador to London(1874–1879). 102, 106n, 111, 150
Siaosi Tupou I (1797–1893), King of Tonga from 1845. 129
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Siemens, Friedrich (1826–1904), industrialist and brother of Werner von Siemens. 325
Siemens, Werner von (1816–1892), inventor and industrialist; founder of TelegraphenBau-Anstalt von Siemens & Halske. 325
Sigl, Johann Baptist (1839–1902), Bavarian journalist and politician. Founding editor ofthe Bayerisches Vaterland (1869); member of the Reichstag (1893–1898) and the second chamberof the Bavarian Landtag (1897–1899). 451–452, 499–500
Silbernagl, Isidor (1831–1904), Catholic theologian. Professor of church law and churchhistory at the University of Munich from 1863. 456
Simmers, Joseph Adolph (n.a.), German seed merchant. Imperial consul at Torontofrom 1871. 62
Skobelev, Mikhail Dmitrievich (1843–1882), Russian general. Governor of Minsk from1881. 385, 421, 507
Soden, Oskar Freiherr von (1831–1906), Wurttemberg diplomat. Charge d’affaires atKarlsruhe (1866); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Munich (1868–1906).95, 497
Solms-Sonnenwalde, Bernhard Graf zu (1825–1912), German diplomat. Envoyextraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Rio de Janeiro (1872), Dresden (1873), andMadrid (1878); ambassador to Rome (1887–1893). 39, 314, 328
Sonnemann, Leopold (1831–1909), banker, publicist, and politician. Founding editor ofthe Frankfurter Zeitung (1856–1866); member of the Reichstag (1871–1884). 139, 250, 263
Spitzeder, Adele (1832–1895), German actress and imposter. 448–452
Spitzemberg, Karl Freiherr Hugo von (1826–1880), Wurttemberg diplomat. Charged’affaires at St Petersburg (1860); minister plenipotentiary and envoy extraordinary at Berne(1865), and Berlin (1866–1880); from 1871 also plenipotentiary at the Federal Council. 414,487
Stanley, Edward Henry (1826–1893), British statesman; styled Lord Stanley prior to1869. MP (1848–1869); parliamentary under-secretary of state for foreign affairs (1852);secretary of state for the colonies (1858; 1882–1885); first secretary of state for India (1858–1859); foreign secretary (1866–1868; 1874–1878); 15th Earl of Derby (1869). 6, 11, 78–138,212–245, 280–334, 406–414, 475–496
Stanton, Sir Edward (1827–1907), British army officer and diplomat. Consul general atWarsaw (1860) and Egypt (1865); charge d’affaires at Munich (1876–1882). 110, 495– 496,505
Starck, Julius Rinck Freiherr von (1825–1910), Hessian statesman. Minister presidentand foreign minister (1876–1884); from 1879 also minister of the interior and justice; memberof the first chamber (1884–1902). 233, 235–236, 252, 260, 262
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A N N O TAT E D IN D E X O F N A M E S 565
Stauffenberg, Franz August Freiherr Schenk von (1834–1901), jurist and politician.Member of the Bavarian second chamber (1867–1877; 1879–1899; president 1873–1875); member of the Reichstag (1871–1893; vice president 1876–1879). 143, 379, 433,464
Stauffenberg, Franz Ludwig Philipp Schenk von (1801–1881), Bavarian landownerand politician. Hereditary member of the first chamber of the Bavarian Landtag from 1837and its president from 1848. 464, 508
Stein, Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum (1757–1831), Prussian statesman andreformer. Minister of finances and commerce (1804–1807; 1807–1808). 314, 349n
Stephens, Francis (b. 1838), Foreign office official. Junior clerk (1854); assistant clerk(1869). 108, 159, 221, 255, 256, 418, 419, 505
Stern, Josef (1839–1902), journalist and politician. From 1873 editor of the FrankfurterZeitung; member of the Prussian house of deputies (1882–1885). 250
Stieber, Wilhelm (1818–1882), Prussian jurist, police official. Head of the criminalinvestigation department of the Berlin police (1853–1861); chief of the political police (1866–1873); director of the Feldpolizei (1866; 1870–1871). 264
Stoecker, Adolf (1835–1909), Lutheran theologian, publicist, and politician. Founderof the anti-semitic Christlich-soziale Partei (1878); member of the second chamberof the Prussian Landtag (1879–1898) and the Reichstag (1881–1893; 1898–1908). 353,374
Stolberg-Wernigerode, Otto Graf zu (1837–1896), German statesman. Member of theReichstag (1867; 1871–1878), the Prussian upper house (from 1867; its president 1872–1877 and1893–1896); ambassador to Vienna (1876–1878); German vice chancellor and vice presidentof the Prussian state ministry (1878–1881), principal chamberlain to Wilhelm I (1884–1892).88, 147, 324
Stosch, Albrecht von (1818–1896), Prussian general and admiral. Prussian ministerwithout portfolio and head of the imperial admiralty (1872–1883). 182
Strachey, Catherine (1841–1920), nee Doveton, George Strachey’s second wife from1862. 296–298
Strachey, George (1828–1912), British diplomat. Secretary of legation at Copenhagen(1867), Berne (1873), and Dresden (1873, with additional role of charge d’affaires); ministerresident (1890–1897). 4–5, 10, 14, 16, 18, 21, 23, 115, 279–391
Stranski, Georgi (1847–1904), Bulgarian politician and statesmen. Director of finance(1880–1881) and member of the permanent committee of Eastern Rumelia (1879–1880;1882–1884); Bulgarian minister of foreign affairs (1887–1890). 157
Struck, Heinrich (1825–1902), physician. Bismarck’s medical attendant; director of theKaiserliche Gesundheitsamt (1876–1886). 66
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Stubel, Paul Alfred (1827–1895), lawyer and politician. Mayor of Dresden (1877–1895);member of the second chamber of the Saxon Landtag (1877–1884) and the Reichstag (1881–1884). 373–374
Stumm, Ferdinand von (1843–1925), Prussian and German diplomat. Secretary oflegation and charge d’affaires at the Holy See (1871–1872); secretary of legation atParis, Munich, Washington, Brussels, St Petersburg, and London, before becoming envoyextraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Darmstadt (1882), Copenhagen (1885), andMadrid (1887–1892). 45
Swaine, Leopold (1840–1931), British army officer. Military attache at St Petersburg (1878),Constantinople (1879–1881), and Berlin (1882–1889; 1891–1896). 183–184
Sybel, Heinrich von (1817–1895), German historian and politician. Member of thePrussian house of deputies (1862–1864; 1874–1880) and the North German Reichstag (1867–1871). 320
Szechenyi, Emmerich Graf (1825–1898), Austrian diplomat. Envoy extraordinary andminister plenipotentiary at Stockholm (1849–1850) and Naples (1860–1864); ambassador toBerlin (1878–1892). 147
Tauffkirchen-Guttenberg, Carl von (1826–1895), Bavarian diplomat. Envoyextraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to St Petersburg (1867), the Holy See (1869),and Stuttgart (1874–1895). 38–39, 453–454
Tautphoeus, Rudolf Freiherr von (1838–1885), Bavarian diplomat. Secretary oflegation at Florence (1867), Berlin (1867), and Rome (1872; envoy extraordinary and ministerplenipotentiary from 1880). 39–40
Tenterden, Charles Stuart Aubry Abbott (1834–1882), British diplomat; 3rd BaronTenterden (1870). Assistant under-secretary (1871) and then permanent under-secretary ofstate for foreign affairs (1873–1882). 23, 82, 137–138, 149, 153, 155, 174n, 248, 254, 366, 477n,500, 502, 506
Tessendorff, Hermann (1851–1895), Prussian jurist. Public prosecutor in Burg (1864),Magdeburg (1867), and Berlin (1873); Senatsprasident at the higher regional courts inKonigsberg (1879), Naumburg (1884), and at the Berlin Kammergericht (1885); from 1886Oberreichsanwalt in Leipzig. 97, 293, 326–328
Tewfik Pasha (1830–1895), Khedive of Egypt and the Sudan 1879. 167n, 175
Thenius, Hermann (1839–1912), Saxon journalist. Editor-in-chief of the Dresdner Anzeigerfrom 1878. 360
Theresa (1850–1938), Princess of Liechtenstein and of Bavaria. 511
Thibaudin, Jean (1822–1905), French general. Minister of war (1883). 187
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A N N O TAT E D IN D E X O F N A M E S 567
Thiers, Adolphe (1797–1877), French statesman and politician. President of the ThirdRepublic (1871–1873). 53n, 93, 385, 440, 446–447
Thile, Carl Hermann von (1812–1889), Prussian diplomat. Undersecretary of state inthe Prussian foreign ministry (1862); undersecretary of state (Staatssekretar) in the foreignoffice of the North German Confederation, then of the German Empire (1870–1871; 1872).31, 39–40
Thomson, Sir Ronald Ferguson (1830–1888), British diplomat. Attache (1848), orientalsecretary (1862), secretary of legation (1863), and then envoy extraordinary and ministerplenipotentiary (1879–1887) at Tehran. 65
Thornton, Sir Edward (1817–1906), British diplomat. Envoy extraordinary and ministerplenipotentiary at Rio de Janeiro (1865) and Washington (1867); ambassador at St Petersburg(1881) and Constantinople (1883–1887). 62
Townley, Richard Greaves (1853–1888), British diplomat. Attache (1879), then thirdsecretary at Berlin (1880); second secretary at Rio de Janeiro (1883) and Peking (1886). 170
Traeger, Albert (1830–1912), lawyer, journalist, and poet. Reichstag member (1874–1878;1881–1887; 1890–1912). 284
Treitschke, Heinrich von (1834–1896), historian and publicist. Professor at theuniversities of Freiburg, Kiel, Heidelberg, and, from 1873, Berlin; Reichstag member (1871–1884). 117, 118, 286, 310, 330, 331, 354
Trench, Power Henry Le Poer (1841–1899), British diplomat. Second secretary atWashington (1870), the Foreign Office (1879–1881) and Rome (1881); secretary of legationat Tokyo (1882–1889); secretary of embassy at Berlin (1889–1893); envoy extraordinary andminister plenipotentiary to Mexico (1893–1894) and Japan (1894–1896; also consul general).363, 419
Turban, Ludwig Karl Friedrich (1821–1898), Baden statesman. Minister of commerce(1872–1881); minister president and minister of foreign affairs (1876–1893); minister of theinterior (1881–1890). 258, 265
Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques (1727–1781), French economist and statesman. 343
Tuttle, Herbert (1846–1894), American journalist and historian. Berlin correspondent ofthe New York Tribune, and the London Daily News (1873–1879); lecturer at Cornell University(1881); Professor (1883). 324, 334
Ubri, Pavel Petrovich (1820–1896), Russian diplomat. Ambassador to Berlin (1863–1880)and Vienna (1880–1882). 147, 150
Umberto I (1844–1900), King of Italy from 9 January 1878. 511
Urban, Edmund (1828–1900), Saxon civil servant. Town councillor (from 1866) andmayor of Zwickau (1886–1896). 287
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Uxkull-Gyllenband, August Graf von (1828–1907), Wurttemberg diplomat and civilservant. Secretary of legation at Berlin (1866); head of the foreign ministry (1874); directorof the Geheimes Haus- und Staatsarchiv (1879–1892). 405
Vahlteich, Carl Julius (1839–1915), socialist politician and journalist. Reichstag member(1874–1876; 1878–1881); emigrated to the USA (1881). 288, 300
Vandamme, Dominique Rene (1770–1830), French general and military commanderduring the Napoleonic wars. 291
Vansittart, Edward Westby (1818–1904), British naval officer. 53
Varnbuler von und zu Hemmingen, Friedrich Gottlob Karl Freiherr (1809–1889), Wurttemberg statesman and politician. Member of the Wurttemberg chamber ofdeputies (1844–1849; 1851–1889); head of government and minister of foreign affairs (1864–1870); Reichstag member (1872–1881). 159, 344
Victoria (1819–1901), Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Irelandfrom1837. Empress of India from 1876. 5–6, 14, 29–32, 34, 44–46, 83, 180, 306, 346, 383,522–523
Victoria (1840–1901), Princess Royal. Married Friedrich Wilhelm (Friedrich III) in 1858;German Empress and Queen of Prussia from 1888. Known as Empress Frederick after herhusband’s untimely death in 1888. 30n, 46, 65, 82–83, 102
Vittorio Emanuele II (1820–1878), King of Sardinia (1849–1861). King of Italy from 1861.83, 102, 109n
Vitzthum von Eckstadt, Hermann Ludwig Graf (1821–1892), Saxon Geheimer Ratand marshal of the royal household. 389
Vladimir Alexandrovich (1848–1909), Grand Duke of Russia and army officer. 150
Volk, Joseph (1819–1882), Bavarian lawyer and politician. Member of the second chamberof the Bavarian Landtag (1855–1882) and the Reichstag (1871–1881). 461
Wachter, August Freiherr von (1807–1879), Wurttemberg diplomat and statesman.Minister resident (1850), then envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary(1855–1871) at Paris; minister president and foreign minister (1871–1873). 395, 404,417
Waddington, William (1826–1894), French statesman and diplomat. Minister of publicinstruction (1873; 1877); minister of foreign affairs (1877–1879); prime minister (1879);ambassador to London (1883–1893). 135, 151, 159n
Wagner, Richard (1813–1883), German composer. 502
Wahl, Ludwig (1831–1905), Catholic priest. Saxon court chaplain from 1871; apostolicprefect and apostolic vicar from 1890. 283
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A N N O TAT E D IN D E X O F N A M E S 569
Waldemar (1868–1879), Prussian prince. 384
Walker, Sir Charles Pynder Beauchamp (1817–1894), British officer and diplomat.Military attache at Berlin (1865–1877); inspector-general of military education (1878–1884).34, 46, 54–56, 60, 75–76, 124, 125
Wallenstein, Albrecht von (1583–1634), Bohemian military commander. 60, 77
Walsham, Sir John (1830–1905), British diplomat. Secretary of embassy at Berlin (1878)and Paris (1883); envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Peking (1885) andBucharest (1892–1895). 144–145, 160–162, 165–170, 176–177, 185–188
Walter, August (1827–1888), Saxon politician and merchant. Member of the secondchamber of the Saxon Landtag (1869–1884) and the Reichstag (1877–1878; 1881–1884). 276,288
Wambolt von Umstadt, Franz Freiherr (1829–1908), Hessian diplomat and Catholicnobleman. Envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at Paris (1864) and Dresden(1866–1869). 202
Watzdorf, Werner von (1836–1904), Saxon civil servant and statesman. GeheimerLegationsrat (1872) and Erster Rat (1881) in the Saxon ministry for foreign affairs; ministerof finance (1895–1902). 371
Weber, Ernst von (1830–1902), travel writer and promoter of German colonization. 160
Weis, Ludwig von (1813–1880), Bavarian jurist, politician, and civil servant. Memberof the Bavarian second chamber (1849–1871; its president 1870–1871); mayor of Wurzburg(1859–1862). 430
Welcker, Hermann (1814–1887), civil servant and politician. Member of the secondchamber of the Hessian Landtag (1872–1878) and the Reichstag (1874–1877). 237
Welsersheimb, Zeno Graf Welser von (1835–1921), Austrian army officer andstatesman. Military attache in Paris (1866) and Berlin (1870–1875); Austrian minister ofdefence (1880–1905). 124
Werder, Bernhard von (1823–1907), Prussian army officer and German diplomat.Military plenipotentiary at St Petersburg (1869); governor of Berlin (1886); adjutant generalto Friedrich III (1888); and ambassador to St Petersburg (1892–1895). 120
Werther, Karl Anton Philipp Freiherr von (1809–1894), Prussian diplomat. Entereddiplomatic service in 1832; envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to Berne (1841),Athens (1845), Copenhagen (1849), St Petersburg (1854), and Vienna (1859); ambassador toParis (1869–1871) and Constantinople (1874–1877). 63
Werthern, Georg Graf von (1816–1895), Prussian diplomat. Envoy extraordinary andminister plenipotentiary to Athens (1860), Constantinople (1862), Lisbon (1863), Madrid(1864), and Munich (1867–1888). 430, 476, 478, 496, 511, 526
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Wetherell, Thomas Frederick (1830–1908), British civil servant and journalist. Privatesecretary to Lord Granville (1871–1876). 276, 436
Wigard, Franz Jakob (1807–1885), Saxon politician and stenographer. Member of theFrankfurt Pre-Parliament, the National Assembly (1848–1849), the second chamber of theSaxon Landtag (1850; 1869–1873), and the Reichstag (1867–1873). 373–374
Wilhelm (1845–1900), Prince of Hesse and by Rhine. General der Infanterie (infantry general).227
Wilhelm I (1797–1888), deputized for Friedrich Wilhelm IV in 1857 and became regentin 1858. King of Prussia from 1861; German Emperor from 1871. 7–9, 11–12, 14–16, 19,23, 30–34, 43–46, 51–52, 55–60, 63, 66–68, 70, 72–75, 77n, 78, 80–83, 85, 87–92, 96n, 97,105, 107, 109, 111, 115–116, 119, 123–127, 132, 135, 137–138, 141, 144, 146n–152, 153n, 155,158, 169–171, 173–174, 178–183, 193, 194n, 221, 234, 238–239, 241–242, 244n, 247–249, 261,269–271, 291, 299n, 311–313, 323–324, 328, 331, 336, 339n, 362, 383–384, 386–387, 409n,415, 418, 425, 429–431, 442, 444n, 445, 453, 464–465, 468, 495, 499n, 514n, 519, 521, 528
Wilhelm II (1859–1941), Prince of Prussia. German Emperor and King of Prussia (1888–1918). 44, 178, 384
Wilhelm I (1781–1864), King of Wurttemberg from 1816. 415, 423
Wilhelm II (1848–1921), Prince of Wurttemberg. King of Wurttemberg (1891–1918). 422–423
Windthorst, Ludwig (1812–1891), Hanoverian statesman and politician. Minister ofjustice (1851–1853; 1862–1865); member of the Hanoverian second chamber (1849–1856;1862–1866; its president 1851), the Reichstag (1867–1891), the Prussian house of deputies(1867–1891), and the provincial assembly of Hanover (1884–1891). 38, 95, 144–145, 185, 375,443
Wodehouse, John (1826–1902), British politician and statesman. Under-secretary ofstate for foreign affairs (1852–1856; 1859–1861); colonial secretary (1870–1874; 1880–1882);secretary of state for India (1882–1885; 1886; 1892–1894); secretary of state for foreign affairs(1894–1895); created 1st Earl of Kimberley (1866). 61
Wolf, Adolf von (1810–1895), Bavarian jurist. Oberstaatsanwalt at the court of appeal forUpper Bavaria (1873–1878). 433–434
Wolseley, Garnet Joseph (1833–1913), British army officer. Adjutant-general to the forces(1882–1890); created Viscount Wolseley (1885); commander-in-chief, Ireland (1890–1895);commander-in-chief of the forces (1895–1900). 383
Worth, Frederick Gonner (n.a.), wine merchant from London. 29–30
Wurmb, Lothar von (1824–1890), Prussian civil servant. President of the Berlin police(1867); Regierungsprasident in Wiesbaden (1872–1890); member of the Reichstag (1867; 1884–1890), the Prussian house of deputies (1882–1885), and the upper house (1885–1890). 40–41
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Wurmser, Dagobert Sigmund Graf von (1734–1794), Austrian field marshal. 314
Wyke, Sir Charles Lennox (1815–1897), British diplomat. Envoy extraordinary andminister plenipotentiary to Mexico (1860–1861), Hanover (1866), Copenhagen (1867–1881),and Lisbon (1881–1884). 355–356
Wynn-Carington (formerly Carrington), Charles Robert (1843–1928), Britishstatesman. MP (1865–1868); 3rd Baron Carrington (1868); governor of New South Wales(1885–1890); elected member of London County Council (1890–1907); Lord Chamberlain(1892–1895), Lord Privy Seal (1911–1912); created Earl Carrington (1895) and 1st Marquessof Lincolnshire (1912). 173
Ziegler, Friedrich von (1839–1897), Bavarian civil servant. Cabinet secretary (1877–1883);district president of Upper Palatinate (1888) and Upper Bavaria (1894). 501
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