2

MissionStatement

“Leveragingonpartnershipsandinnovativetechnologies,toproduceanddisseminaterelevant,quality,timelystatisticsandspatial

datathatarefit-for-purposeinaccordancewithinternationalstandardsandbestpractice”

VisionStatement

“Beahighperformanceinstitutioninqualitystatisticsdelivery”

CoreValues

Integrity

ExcellentPerformance

Accuracy

TeamWork

Accountability

Transparency

3

PrefaceForeigntradestatisticsplaysanimportantroleinmanyeconomiesandNamibiaisnoexception.Itisan

accountofall transactionsofmerchandisebetweendomesticresidentsandtherestoftheworld.The

accountmeasures the value and quantity of goodswhich add or subtract from the stock ofmaterial

resourcesofacountrybyentering(imports)orleaving(exports)itseconomicterritory.Therefore,trade

statistics remainsoneof themajor contributing indicators of theperformanceofNamibia’s economy

anditscompetitivenessontheworldmarket.

Annualmerchandise trade statistics are used extensively in the compilation of the country’s national

accounts and the balance of payments. Furthermore, these statistics are also used by various

government institutions in preparation of trade negotiations in: a) defining and implementing anti-

dumping policies b) macroeconomic and monetary policies and c) establishing new markets and

evaluating theprogress of existingmarkets. Statistics on international tradeofmerchandise areused

comprehensively by decisionmakers at national, regional and international level,while investors use

thisinformationinmarketresearchandtodefinetheircommercialstrategy.

In the context of Namibia, the government’s trade policy is aimed at developing, promoting and

diversifyingthecountry’sexportsaswellasreducingitsrelianceonforeigngoods.

The Directorate of Customs and Excise in theMinistry of Finance is responsible for the collection of

revenues. Computerization of procedures at Customs and Excise continues to enhance the timely

disseminationandanalysisoftradestatisticsthroughprompttransferofcapturedtradedataatpoints

ofentriesnationwidetotheNamibiaStatisticsAgency(NSA).

Therefore,thisreportoutlinestheannualdevelopmentsofNamibia’stradeinmerchandisewiththerest

oftheworldduringtheyear2017comparedto2016.

AlexShimuafeni

Statistician-General&CEO

4

TableofContentsListoftables.................................................................................................................................................5

ListofCharts................................................................................................................................................5

Introduction.................................................................................................................................................6

Revisions......................................................................................................................................................7

Keydevelopmentsin2017..........................................................................................................................8

Whatleftandenteredthecountry(2017)..............................................................................................8

Surplusbyproductgroup........................................................................................................................9

Deficitbyproductcategory...................................................................................................................10

Exportdestinations................................................................................................................................11

Importdestinations...............................................................................................................................12

Comparativeanalysis;2017and2016.......................................................................................................13

Tradebalance........................................................................................................................................13

Exportstokeymarkets..........................................................................................................................14

Importsfromkeymarkets.....................................................................................................................15

TradewiththeExportingProcessingZone(EPZ)...................................................................................17

Topexportproducts..............................................................................................................................18

Fishexports............................................................................................................................................19

Topre-exportsproducts........................................................................................................................20

Topimportproducts..............................................................................................................................21

TradebyEconomicBlocs...........................................................................................................................23

Exports...................................................................................................................................................23

Imports..................................................................................................................................................25

Tradebymodeoftransport......................................................................................................................27

Exports...................................................................................................................................................27

Imports..................................................................................................................................................28

Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................29

ListofTermsandDefinitions.....................................................................................................................30

Acronyms...................................................................................................................................................31

Appendix....................................................................................................................................................32

Explanatorynoteonimportsandexportsofcopperores/concentratesbetweenNamibiaandSwitzerland............................................................................................................................................32

5

ListoftablesTable1:Revisionsfor2016..........................................................................................................................7Table2:EPZTradeflows............................................................................................................................17Table3:Tradebyf.o.bandc.i.fvalue........................................................................................................33Table4:Toptenexportdestinations.........................................................................................................33Table5:Toptenre-exportdestinations....................................................................................................33Table6:Topimportdestinations...............................................................................................................34Table7:Toptenexportbyproductgroup.................................................................................................34Table8:Toptenre-exportbyproductgroup............................................................................................35Table9:Toptenimportbyproductgroup................................................................................................35Table10:Exportsandimportsoffish........................................................................................................36Table11:Exportproductstokeymarkets.................................................................................................36Table12:Re-exportproductstokeymarkets...........................................................................................38Table13:Importproductsfromkeymarkets............................................................................................40Table14:Tradebyborderpost/office.......................................................................................................42

ListofChartsCHART1:Tradebyproductgroup...............................................................................................................8CHART2:Top10productgroupinwhichNamibiashowedasurplusfor2017..........................................9CHART3:Top10productgroupinwhichNamibiashowedadeficitsfor2017........................................10CHART4:WheredidNamibia'sexportsfor2017go?...............................................................................11CHART5:WheredidNamibia'simportsfor2017comefrom?.................................................................12CHART6:Tradebalance;2008to2017.....................................................................................................13CHART7:Mainexportdestinations...........................................................................................................14CHART8:Mainimportdestinations..........................................................................................................16CHART9:Topfiveexport...........................................................................................................................18CHART10:fishexports..............................................................................................................................19CHART11:Topfivere-exports...................................................................................................................21CHART12:Topfiveimports.......................................................................................................................22CHART13:Exportbyeconomicblocs........................................................................................................24CHART14:Importsbyeconomicbloc........................................................................................................25CHART15:Exportbymodeoftransport...................................................................................................27CHART16:Importsbymodeoftransport.................................................................................................28

6

IntroductionThemandateoftheNamibiaStatisticsAgencyistoproduceanddisseminaterelevant,qualityandtimely

statistics.Thisincludesstatisticsrelatingtoimportsandexportsofmerchandise.Thisreportpresentsa

summaryofthetradestatisticsintermsofimportsandexportsofmerchandiseduringtheyear2017.

Foreigntradestatisticsderivedfromrecordsoftradeflowsacross internationalbordersare invaluable

for the formulation of trade, commercial, fiscal and monetary policies of any country. The basic

information for the compilation of trade statistics was collected and captured based on import and

exportdeclarationsmadebytraderstoCustomsatvariousCustomsofficesacrossthecountry.

7

RevisionsRevisedstatisticsisduetoavailabilityofnewinformationfromthedatasource.Revisionsontradedata

are made every month when new monthly data file is uploaded into the database with additional

informationfrompreviousmonths.Insomemonths,revisionsarenegligiblewhileinothermonthsthey

aresignificant.

Table1:Revisionsfor2016

Thetableabovepresentsrevisionsmadeonexportsandimportsvaluesfor2016,fromN$70,854million

toN$66,666millionandfromN$100,675milliontoN$96,662millionrespectively

Therevisionsonexportsemanatedfromthecategoryofdiamond;goldand;preciousmetals,whereas

animalfodderwastheprimarysourceofrevisionsmadetototalimports,theserevisionsresultedinthe

deficitwideningtoN$29,996millionfromN$29,821millionreportedearlier.

Revised2016 Valuein2016 DifferenceExport 66,666 70,854 -4,188Import 96,662 100,675 -4,013Tradebalance -29,996 -29,821 -175

FlowValue(N$m)

8

Keydevelopmentsin2017Whatleftandenteredthecountry(2017)ThechartbelowshowswhattypeofproductsenteredandleftthebordersofNamibiaduringtheyear

2017.Namibia’stotalexportsamountedtoN$63,545millionwhereasimportstotaledN$87,994million

duringthereportingperiod.

CHART1:Tradebyproductgroup

-15,000 -10,000 -5,000 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000Liveanimals

Dairyproduce

Ediblevegetablesandcertainrootandtubers

Cereals

Animalorvegetablefatsandoils

Cocoaandcocoapreparations

Miscellaneousediblepreparations

Tobaccoandmanufucturedtobaccosubstitutes

Mineralfuelsandoils

Pharmaceuticproducts

Cosmeticsandtoiletries

Explosivespyrotechnicproducts

Rubberandarticlesthereof

Furskinsandartificialfur

Pulpofwoodandotherproducts

Silk

Carpetsandothertextilefloorcovering

Clothingandaccessories,notknittedorcrocheted

Headgearandpartsthereof

Ceramicproducts

Ironandsteel

Aluminiumandarticlesthereof

Tools,cutlery,spoonsandforks

Electricalmachineryandequipment

Aircraft,spacecraftandpartsthereof

Armsandammunition

Miscellaneousmanufacturedarticles

Usedpersonaleffects,etc.

Value(N$m)

Export Import

9

ThemajorityofNamibia’stradewiththerestoftheworld(ROW)wereclusteredaroundafewspecific

commodity categorieswhichmake up the bulk of the value of Namibia’s exports and imports. Large

exports for Namibia were reflected in the category of live animals, fish and crustaceans; ores (incl.

uranium, copper, zinc, lead etc.)was also exported in large amounts. Furthermore, large amounts of

commoditiesunderthecategoryofdiamond,goldandpreciousmetals;copperblisters,zincandarticles

thereof; aswell as the categoryof ships, boats and floating structures left the shoresof theNamibia

(Chart1).

Namibiaimportedlargeamountofitemsunderthecategoryofores(mostlycopper).Mineralfuelsand

oilsisanotherlargeimportcategoryforNamibiain2017.Additionally,largequantitiesofcommodities

under the category of diamond, gold and precious metals; articles of iron or steel; copper blisters,

boilers; electrical machinery and equipment were imported into the country. Large amounts of

importedcopperblistersresultedinequallylargeamountsofexportsasthiscommodityisre-exported

byNamibia.

SurplusbyproductgroupCHART2:Top10productgroupinwhichNamibiashowedsurplusesfor2017

02,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,00014,00016,00018,000

Value(N$m)

10

Thechartaboveshowscommoditygroupings inwhichNamibiarecordedsignificanttradesurpluses(a

surplus is where Namibia’s export of a product group is more than its import of the same product

group). It isnota surprise forproductgroupingssuchasdiamond,goldandpreciousmetals; fishand

crustaceans;zincandarticlesthereof; liveanimals;andcopperblisterstoregistersubstantialamounts

oftradesurplusesasNamibiahasbeenanet-exporteroftheseproductsovertheyears.

DeficitbyproductcategoryThechartbelowillustratesthetoptencommoditygroupings inwhichNamibiarecordedtradedeficits

(trade deficit iswhenNamibia is importingmore of the product group than it is exporting the same

productgroup).

CHART3:Top10productgroupinwhichNamibiashowedadeficitsfor2017

Itisnotsurprisingthattradedeficitswererecordedformostproductgroupingsincludingmineralfuels

andoils;vehicles,boilers,electricalmachineryandequipment;articlesofironorsteel;pharmaceutical

products;plasticsandarticlesthereof;cosmeticsandtoiletries;andclothingandaccessories,knittedor

crocheted.

Namibiadoesnothaveoilreserves,thus,itfullydependsonimportsforallitsfuelneeds.Additionally,

thecountry’ssmallmanufacturingbaseautomaticallymakesitanetimporterofmanufacturedproduct.

-9,000

-8,000

-7,000

-6,000

-5,000

-4,000

-3,000

-2,000

-1,000

0

Value(N$m)

11

ExportdestinationsNext is an overview of Namibia’s top ten export destinations and top ten import destinations.

Essentially,whereisthebulkofproductsNamibiaisexportinggoingtoandwhereisthebulkofproducts

Namibiaisimportingcomingfrom?Thechartsbelowprovideaninsighttothesequestions.

CHART4:Namibia'sexportsfor2017

The chart above presents the contributionsmade by each country to the total of the top ten export

destinations as well as the contributions of these countries to Namibia’s total exports. South Africa

contributed 30 percent to the total of the top ten export destinations, but itmadeup 24 percent of

Namibia’s total exports for 2017. Botswana contributed 13 percent of Namibia’s total exports, with

Switzerlandat10percentwhileChina,BelgiumandSpaincontributed5percenteachtoNamibia’stotal

exports.

SouthAfrica

Botswana

Switzerland China Belgium Spain UAE Italy Zambia France

%ofTop10 30% 17% 13% 7% 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 5%

%ofTotal 24% 13% 10% 5% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 4%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

%ofTop10 %ofTotal

12

ImportdestinationsThechartbelowshowsthetoptencountriesfromwhereNamibiaimportedproducts.Furthermore,it

representcountriesandthecontributionsmadebyeachcountrytothetotalofthetoptencountriesas

well as each country’s contributions to the total imports into Namibia. Aswith exports, South Africa

accountedforthelargestsharewith64percentofthetotalofthetoptencountriesand56percentof

total imports, Bulgariamadeup7percent, Botswana6percent andChina and Zambia contributing5

percenteachtoNamibia’stotalimports.

CHART5:Namibia'simportsfor2017

SouthAfrica Bulgaria Botswana China Zambia India USA Peru UAE German

y%ofTop10 64% 8% 7% 6% 5% 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%

%ofTotal 56% 7% 6% 5% 5% 2% 2% 2% 1% 1%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

%ofTop10 %ofTotal

13

Comparativeanalysis;2017and2016TradebalanceNamibia continued to record unfavorable trade balance, with 2017 recording a deficit amounting toN$24,449million. In2017, the country spentN$24,449millionmoreon importedgoods thanwhat itreceivedfromexportinggoodstotherestoftheworld.Bycomparison,theN$24,449milliondeficit isequivalenttofivemonthsinwhichNamibiaimportedgoodsandexportedabsolutelynothing.The2017deficitnarrowedby18percent,thisisasecondconsecutivedeclineafterrecordinga27percentdeclinein2016. Thedeficitplunged toN$24,449million compared toa revised figureof last year it stoodatN$29.996million(Chart1).

Theimprovementinthedeficitwasattributedlargelytoweakeningexpenditureonimports.Theoverallimportbillfellby9percentandexportdeclinedby5percent.

CHART6:Tradebalance;2008to2017

Namibia’s trade balance over the ten year period, 2008 to 2017 averaged to a deficit of N$16,609

million, reaching an all-time highwith a surplus of N$1,786million in 2008 and a record lowwith a

deficitofN$41,029millionin2015.

In 2017, the largest deficits were recorded with South Africa (N$34,031 million), Bulgaria (N$5,816

million),Zambia (N$1,715million),Peru (N$1,551million), India (N$1,549million)andChina (N$1,234

million). The largest surpluses were recorded with Switzerland (N$6,225 million), Belgium (N$2,968

million), Botswana (N$2,957 million), Spain (N$2,533 billion), France (N$1,960 million) and Norway

(N$1,703million).

-45,000

-40,000

-35,000

-30,000

-25,000

-20,000

-15,000

-10,000

-5,000

0

5,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

▼% ▼-409% ▼-14% ▲21% ▲111% ▲36% ▲70% ▲47% ▼-27% ▼-18%

Value(N$m)

14

ExportstokeymarketsNamibia’sexportmarketwasdominatedbySouthAfrica,Botswana,Switzerland,ChinaandBelgiumas

(Chart7). TheseaboveindicatedcountriesabsorbedN$36,545million(58percent)oftotal(N$63,545

million) domestic exports. Despite their dominance, exports to thesemarkets declined by 7 percent

afterrecordingN$39,339millionayearearlier.

Namibia exported the most to South Africa, making up 24 percent of total exports, with Botswana

coming in a distant second place with 13 percent of total exports. Switzerland, China and Belgium

followedwith5percenteachoftotalexports(Appendix,Table4).

CHART7:Keyexportdestinations

The recent downturn in exports resulted from falling external demandby Switzerland andBotswana.Exports to Switzerland stood atN$6,557million, representing the largest declineof 51percent, afterrecordingN$13,327millionayearago.ToBotswana,exportplungedby16percenttoregisterN$8,406million fromN$9,972millionayearearlier.Thedecline toSwitzerlandwasmostly influencedbyores,whereasthecategoryofdiamond,goldandpreciousmetalswasresponsibleforalowerexportvaluetoBotswana.

Exports to other countries outside the top five listedmarkets also weakened. Themost decline wasrecordedwithAngola(47percent),Zambia(44percent),Norway(21percent)andUSAandItalyfallingby3percenteach. In spiteofweakeningexports to theaforementionedcountries,exports toChina,BelgiumandSouthAfricastrengthened,withBelgiumaccountingforthelargestgrowthof44percent,Chinawith38percentandSouthAfricawith32percent.

-

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

SouthAfrica Botswana Switzerland China Belgium

▲32% ▼-16% ▼-51% ▲38% ▲44%

Value(N$m)

2017 2016

15

TheincreasedexportstoBelgiumwasattributedtohighervaluesofores(N$196million),whiletoChina,

largevaluesofores(N$1,790million)andzinc(N$1,002million)ledtheriseofexportstothatcountry.

Further to this, largeexports toSouthAfricawas reflected in thevalueof liveanimalswhichgrewby

N$1,470million(146percent)fromN$1,007millionrecordedayearago.ExportstoSouthAfricaoffish

and crustaceans also grewbyN$388million (38 percent) toN$1,402million after recordingN$1,014

million in2016. Thenexportsofdiamond, goldandpreciousmetals to SouthAfrica grewbyN$1,255

million (28 percent) to N$5,777 million compared to N$4,522 million registered during the previous

year.

ImportsfromkeymarketsNamibia’s imports remained high, but declined by N$8,668 million (9 percent) to N$87,994 million

compared toN$96,662million recorded in the preceding year. Namibiamostly imported from South

Africawith56percentofNamibia’stotalimports,Belgiumwith7percentandBotswanawith6percent.

China and Zambia contributed 5 percent each to total domestic imports as shown in Chart 8. Yet,

imports from thesemarkets combinedweakened, falling byN$1,185million (2 percent) toN$69,105

millionfromN$70,289millionobservedin2016.

The recent downturn in imports was attributed largely to weakening domestic demand from the

country’s largest import markets such as Botswana and South Africa, with imports from Botswana

dropping by N$1,203million (18 percent) to N$5,449million, after recording N$6,652million a year

earlier.ThedeclineinimportsfromBotswanawasmostlyreflectedinthevalueofvehicles,machinery

andelectricalappliancesand;thecategoryofdiamond,goldandpreciousmetalswhichdeclinedby52

percent, 35 percent and 17 percent respectively.Moreover, althoughNamibia dependents largely on

SouthAfricaforimports,importsfromthatcountrydroppedby13percenttoregisterN$49,052million,

fromN$56,082millionrecordedayearearlier.ThedeclineinimportsfromRSAwasmainlypronounced

inmineral fuelsandoils (34percent),vehicles (21percent),machineryandmechanicalappliances (15

percent)andarticlesofironorsteel(12percent).Moreover,importsfromIndia,GermanyandtheUSA

worsened,fallingby16percent,8percentand6percentrespectively(AnnexureTable6).

16

CHART8:Keyimportdestinations

DespitefallingimportsfromBotswanaandSouthAfrica,importsfromBulgaria,ChinaandZambiarose.

ThelargestgrowthwasreflectedinthevalueofimportsfromBulgaria,mostlyduetocopperoresrising

toN$5,790millionfromN$577millionayearearlier.ImportsfromChinagrewby59percenttoregister

N$4,567million, fromN$2,875million recorded in thepreviousyear,onaccountofarticlesof ironor

steel which rose by 167percent, machinery and mechanical appliances rose by 71 percent while

electricalmachineryandequipmentfromChinagrewby30percent.Thegrowth(4percent)observedin

importsfromZambiawasmostlypronouncedinthevalueoftobaccoandanimalfodderwhichgrewby

643percentand61percentrespectively(AnnexureTable13).

Additionally, imports from some of Namibia’smajor partners (not shown in Chart 8) improved, with

imports from the United Arab Emirates rising by 86 percent and Peru increasing by 26 percent

(AnnexureTable6).

-

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

SouthAfrica Bulgaria Botswana China Zambia

-13% 818% -18% 59% 4%

Value(N$m)

2017 2016

17

TradewiththeExportingProcessingZone(EPZ)ThetradeflowbetweenNamibiaandtheExportProcessingZone(EPZ)ismostlydominatedbyexports,

whichamountedtoN$5,327million in2017 (Table2)which isequivalent to92percentof total trade

(exports plus imports) between Namibia and the EPZ, whereas imports made up the remaining 8

percentof total trade.Largeexports to theEPZwasmostlyduetoahighvalueofdiamond,goldand

precious metals which rose by N$770million (18 percent) to N$5,120million, from N$4,350million

recorded in 2016. The N$5,120 million is equivalent to 96 percent of total exports, lower than 100

percent contributionmadeayearago.Oresmadeup the remaining4percentof totalexports to the

EPZ.

Table2:EPZTradeflows

Exports

Commodities 2017 2016 ∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) Share

Diamond,goldandpreciousmetals 5,120 96% 4,350 100% 18%Ores 205 4% - 0% -Zincandarticlesthereof 1 0% - 0% -Vehicles 1 0% - 0% -Machineryandmechanicalappliances 0 0% 3 0% -92%Total 5,327 100% 4,353 100% 22%

Imports

Commodities 2017 2016 ∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) Share

Diamond,goldandpreciousmetals 234 51% 1,310 94% -82%Inorganicchemicalscompounds 216 47% 88 6% 146%Electricalmachineryandequipment 12 2% 0 0% 235170%Total 462 100% 1,398 100% -67%

Diamond,goldandpreciousmetalsemergedasthemost importedcommodity intoNamibia fromthe

EPZ,makingup51percentof total imports from theEPZ, followedby inorganic chemical compounds

with47percent.Electricalmachineryandequipmentonlycontributed2percenttothedomestictotal

importsfromtheEPZ.

TheoverallimportsfromtheEPZtoNamibiarecededsignificantly,fallingbyN$936million(67percent)

to N$462 million after recording N$1,398 million a year earlier. The recent decline in imports was

primarily owed to diamond, gold and precious metals which dropped by N$1,076 million, this is

equivalentto82percentdecline(Table2).

18

TopexportproductsNamibia mostly exported items in the category of diamonds, gold and precious metals; fish and

crustaceans;ores,copperblisters,zincandarticles thereofasshown inChart9. Theexportsof these

commodities, however, combined weakened, dropping by N$2,368 million (5 percent) to record

N$46,218million,downfromN$48,586millionobservedayearearlier,thus,accountingfor73percent

oftotalexports(N$63,545million),alikethecontributionmadeayearearlier.

Therecentdeclineinexportswasledbyoresandcopperblisters,withthestrongestdeclinereflectedby

oresfallingby35percenttoregisterN$8,082million,afterrecordingN$12,413millioninthepreceding

year. In addition, coper blisters fell by N$253 million (4 percent) to N$5,434 million compared to

N$5,687millionrecordedin2016.

CHART9:Topfiveexport

Noticeable improvement was observed in exports of diamond, gold and precious metals; fish and

crustaceansand;Zincandarticlesthereof.Exportsofzincandarticlesthereofincreasedthemostwith

19percent,registeringN$2,919million,upfromN$2,461millionin2016,followingaonceoffshipment

to China. The most dominant export category: diamond, gold and precious metals rose by N$1,637

million(9percent)toN$20,824millioncomparedtoN$19,186millionrecordedayearago,thisresulted

from higher demand fromUAE (162 percent), Israel (79 percent), South Africa andUSA (28 percent)

each.Fishandcrustaceans,theonlyfooditemamongmineralsandthesecondlargestexportproduct

onlyincreasedby1percent.(Seesectionbelowforfurtheranalysisonfishexports).

-

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

Diamond,Gold,andPreciousMetals

Fishandcrustaceans Ores Copperblisters Zincandarticlesthereof

▲9% ▲1% ▼-35% ▼-4% ▲19%

Value(N$m)

2017 2016

19

FishexportsNamibia is a net fish exporting country. Therefore, fish remains the country’s number one export

revenue earner besides minerals (diamond, gold and precious metals). The category of Fish and

crustaceansisamongthetopfivemajorexportcommodities intermsofvalue(Chart9).Furthermore,

Chart10belowpostulateanupwardtrendof fishexportsovera tenyearperiod, from2008to2016.

Over the referenceperiod,2008recorded the largestgrowthof33percent, followedbya25percent

growthof2016,23percentin2013,19percentin2009and12percentin2012,whereasgrowthin2014

wasnegligible.However, slightdeclines in fishexportswere recorded in two consecutive years, 2010

and2011inwhichthedeclineswereestimatedat3percentand2percent,respectively.

CHART10:fishexports

In 2017, fish exports only grew by 1 percent, this growth resulted from high external demand from

SouthAfrica,risingby38percent,Franceby22percent, Italyby17percentandDRC increasingby13

percent. The 2017 slow growth in fish exports can also be attributed to poor domestic production

coupledwithweakexternaldemandfromthecountry’slargestimportersoffish,suchasMozambique

whichfellby55percent,Portugal28percent,Zambia12percentandItalyNamibia’slargestimporterof

fish,fellby1percent.

-

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

▲33% ▲19% ▼-3% ▼-2% ▲12% ▲23% ▲% ▼% ▲25% ▲1%

Value(N$m)

Export Import

20

Onaverage,Namibia’sexportoffishandcrustaceansstoodatN$6,529millionovertheperiod2008to

2017,reachinganall-timehighofN$8,960millionin2017andarecordlowofN$4,580million,below

averagein2008.

Topre-exportsproductsThe product group diamond, gold and precious metals is the largest contributors to Namibia’s re-

exports,with24percentoftotalre-exports, followedbycopperblisterswith18percent,oreswith13

percent.Ships,boatsandfloatingstructuresand;zincandarticlesthereofmakesup12percentand7

percentrespectivelyofthecountry’stotalre-exports.

Theoverall re-exports, however, droppedbyN$3,699millionor14percent toN$23,097millionafter

recordingN$26,796million in the preceding year. The recent downturnweremostly reflected in the

valueofores;ships,boatsandfloatingstructuresand;copperblisters.Themostdeclinewasrecorded

byorestumblingby64percent,thenthecategoryofships,boatsandfloatingstructuresdroppingby19

percentandcopperblistersinchingdownby4percent(Chart11).Moreover,articlesofironorsteelalso

weakened(AnnexureTable8).

Furthertothis, thecontributiontoNamibia’s total re-exportbythetopfivere-exportsas indicated in

Chart11belowdeclined,accountingforashareof73percent,downfrom76percentrecordedinthe

precedingyear.

21

CHART11:Topfivere-exports

Despitethedeclineexperiencedinsomeproductcategories,re-exportsofdiamond,goldandprecious

metals and; zinc and articles thereof advanced,with diamond, gold and preciousmetals rising by 16

percenttoregisterN$5,467millionafterrecordingN$4,729millionintheprecedingyear.Re-exportsof

zincandarticlesthereofstoodatN$1,548millioncomparedtoN$0.48millionobservedintheprevious

year.ThisresultedfromhighdemandofthisproductgroupbyChina,Italy,Belgium,UAEandNigeria.

TopimportproductsNamibiamostly importedmineral fuel and oils; vehicles,machinery andmechanical appliances; ores

and; diamond, gold and precious metals (Chart 12). The aforementioned commodities combined

accounted for 43 percent of Namibia’s total imports, 1 percent more than 42 percent contribution

madeinthepreviousyear.MineralfuelsandoilsisthelargestcontributortoNamibia’overallimports,

accountingfor10percentofthecountry’stotalimports,followedbyvehicle;machineryandmechanical

appliances and; ores contributing 9 percent each to Namibia’s total imports (Appendix, Table 9).

Whereasdiamond,goldandpreciousmetalscontributed6percenttodomesticimports.

OverallimportsfellbyN$8,668million(9percent)toN$87,994millionafterrecordingN$96,662million

ayearearlier.Thefallwasmostlypronouncedinthevalueofmineralfuelsandoilswhichdroppedby28

percent, then diamond, gold and precious metals falling by 19 percent, with vehicles falling by 11

percent,whilea7percentdropwasobservedformachineryandmechanicalappliances.Furthertothis,

copper blisters declinedby 6 percentwhereas plastic and articles thereof and; beverages, spirits and

vinegardroppedby3percenteach(Appendix,Table9).

-

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

Diamond,Gold,andPreciousMetals

Copperblisters Ores Ships,boatsandfloatingstructures

Zincandarticlesthereof

▲16% ▼-4% ▼-64% ▼-19% ▲317425%

Value(N$m)

2017 2016

22

Thedecline inoverall imports followssomeeconomicheadwindsexperiencedbythecountry in2017.

Thiswas furthermanifestedby thedecline in importationof vehiclesand;machineryandmechanical

appliances.Thesecommoditiesdependsheavilyonmineralfuelsandoils,thus,theirdeclinecanhighly

belinkedtothatofmineralfuelsandoils.

CHART12:Topfiveimports

Even though overall imports declined, mostly as a result of four of the top five imports products,

importationoforesrosesharply,asindicatedinChart12.Oresroseby139percent(N$4,439million)to

registerN$7,624millioncomparedtoN$3,185millionlistedayearago,asdomesticdemandforcopper

oresrose.Copperoresisaprimarilyusedasaninputinmanufacturingcopperblisters,mostlyexported

for further processing, however, the large imports (N$7,624million) of ores did not correlate to the

exports(5,434million)ofcopperblisters.

-

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

Mineralfuelsandoils

Vehicles Machineryandmechanicalappliances

Ores Diamond,Gold,andPreciousMetals

▼-28% ▼-11% ▼-7% ▲139% ▼-19%

Value(N$m)

2017 2016

23

TradebyEconomicBlocsExportsIntermsofeconomicblocs,NamibiamostlyexportedtoSACU,EU,EFTA,SADC-NON-SACU,COMESAand

BRIC(Chart13). SACUisbyfarthebiggestexportmarketforthedomesticeconomy,with39percent

contribution to Namibia’s total exports. Most exports to SACU are spread amongst member states,

South Africa and Botswana, with 64 percent and 36 percent respectively. Exports to SACU rose by

N$2,065million(10percent)toN$23,444millionfromN$21,379millionobservedinthepreviousyear.

TheEUwassecondinranking,asthelargestexportdestinationsforNamibia,withacontributionof24

percenttothecountry’stotalexports.BelgiumandSpainarethelargestcontributorstoNamibia’stotal

exports to theEU,with23percent and22percentof exports to theEUdestined to these respective

memberstates.ItalyandFrancemakesup19percentand16percentrespectivelyofNamibia’sexports

to the EU. Exports to the EU rose by N$1,128million to N$14,081million after recording N$12,952

millionayearago.

EFTAfollowedinadistantthirdplace,absorbingN$8,667millionofNamibia’stotalexports,downfrom

N$15,543millionobservedduringtheprecedingyear,representingadeclineof44percent(Chart13).

Subsequently,EFTA’scontributiontothecountry’stotalexportsaccountedfor14percentofdomestic

exports,downfromthe23percentcontributionmadelastyear.TherecentdeclineinexportstoEFTA

wasattributedtoweakeningdemandfordomesticgoodsbySwitzerlandandNorwaywhoseabsorption

ofdomesticgoodsfellby51percentand21percentrespectively.

24

CHART13:Exportbyeconomicblocs

SADC-NON-SACU ranked fourth as Namibia’s preferred export destination. This market absorbed

N$5,439 million of Namibia’s total exports, after recording N$8,137 million in 2016 representing a

declineof33percent(Chart13).Furthertothis,SADC-NON-SACU’scontributiontothecountry’soverall

exportsstoodat9percent,downfrom12percentaccountedforayearearlier.Themostcontributorsto

weakeningexportstothisblocwasMozambique,withadeclineof56percent,cominginsecondplace

wasAngolafallingby47percentandZambia,with44percentdrop.

COMESA and BRIC contributed significantly to Namibia’s total exports, with COMESA contributing 7

percent to the country’s total exports andBRIC accounting for 6 percent. Exports toBRIC roseby 33

percent,meanwhile,exportstoCOMESAdroppedby28percent(Chart13).

-

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

SACU EU EFTA SADC-NONSACU COMESA BRIC

▲10% ▲9% ▼-44% ▼-33% ▼-28% ▲33%

Value(N$m)

2017 2016

25

ImportsNamibia imports showed the similar trend to that of exportsmostly importing from SACU, EU, BRIC,

COMESA, SADC-NON-SACUand EFTA, (Chart 14). SACU is by far the largest contributors toNamibia’s

imports, in spite of this, imports from SACU deteriorated, falling by N$8,241million (13 percent) to

N$54,779 million compared to N$63,020 million recorded in the previous year, bringing SACU’s

contributiontoNamibia’stotalimportsto66percent,downfrom72percentcontributionmadeinthe

previousyear.ThelargestsuppliersofimportstoNamibiafromSACUwereSouthAfricaandBotswana

accountingfor90percentand10percentrespectively.

TheEUwasthesecondmost importantsourceof imports forNamibia,with imports fromthismarket

risingbyN$4,901million(76percent)toN$11,391millioncomparedtoN$6,490millionobservedinthe

precedingyear.Subsequently,theEU’scontributiontoNamibia’simportsstoodat14percent,upfrom7

percentcontributionmadeayearearlier.BulgariaisbyfarthelargestcontributortoNamibia’simports

fromtheEU,with51percentwhileGermanyandItalymadeup11percentand10percentrespectively.

CHART14:Importsbyeconomicbloc

-

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

SACU EU BRIC COMESA SADC-NONSACU EFTA

▼-13% ▲76% ▲25% ▼-1% ▼-3% ▼-88%

Value(N$m)

2017 2016

26

BRIC was the third largest supplier of imports to the local economy, with imports from this market

growingbyN$1,402million(25percent)toN$7,122millionafterrecordingN$5,719millionayearago.

ImportsfromBRICaccountedfor9percentdownfrom6percentaccountedfor intheprecedingyear.

BrazilisthelargestcontributortoNamibia’simportsfromthatmarket,with686percentofimportsfrom

BRICcomingfromBrazilwhereasChinacontributed59percentofimportsfromBRICintothedomestic

economy.

COMESA ranked fourthasNamibia’spreferred importdestination,however, imports toNamibia from

thismarketdroppedbyN$68million,amere1percentdeclinetoN$4,747millioncomparedtoN$4,814

recorded in the preceding year. The local economy absorbed 6 percent of its overall imports

requirementsfromCOMESA,upwhencomparedto5percentobservedayearearlier.Zambiaiswayfar

the largestcontributor todomestic imports fromCOMESA,with89percentof total imports fromthis

marketcomingfromZambia.SwazilandandMauritiusmadeup6percentand2percentrespectively.

Additionally, SADC-NON-SACU and EFTA markets also contributed immensely to Namibia’s import

needs, although imports from thesemarkets weakened, with the largest decline of 88 percent from

EFTAand3percentdropfromSADC-NON-SACU.

27

TradebymodeoftransportExportsIn2017,goodsworthN$27,707leftNamibia’sbordersviaseaanequivalentto44percentofthevalue

ofallgoodsexportedfromNamibiatotherestoftheworldduringtheperiodunderreview.Despitethis,

exportsviaseadroppedby15percent(N$4,983million)whencomparedtoN$32,690millionrecorded

in2016.

Airtransportationrankedsecondasthemostusedmeansoftransportingexportsfromthebordersof

Namibia.Thus,exportsbyair rosebyN$1,501million (8percent) toN$21,271millionafter recording

N$19,770millionintheprecedingyear.Additionally,exportsbyairaccountedfor33percentofthetotal

valueofallgoodsexported,upfrom30percentaccountedforinthepreviousyear.

CHART15:Exportbymodeoftransport

Furthermore,exportsviaroadtransportadvanced,inchingupby3percenttoregisterN$14,467million,

(Chart15).Thatequatesto23percentofthevalueofallgoodsexportedbyNamibiatotherestofthe

world.Whencomparedtothepreviousyear,exportsbyroadwasdowntoN$14,110million,equivalent

to21percentoftotalexportsin2016.

Sea Air Road

▼-15% ▲8% ▲3%

-

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

Value(N$m)

2017 2016

28

ImportsMost goods imported to Namibia were transported by means of road, however, imports by road

weakened, falling by 8 percent to register N$54,852 million after recording N$59,918 million in the

precedingyear.The importvalue in2017wasequivalent to62percentof the totalvalueofallgoods

importedtoNamibia,thisissimilartoitscontributionin2016.

Maritime transportation also played a vital role in transporting import goods to Namibia that was

evidentintheoverallvalueofimportsbysea.Thevalueimportsbysea,however,weakened,fallingby8

percenttoregisterN$27,674millioncomparedtoN$30,231millionrecordedinthepreviousyear.The

N$27,674 million registered in 2017 equates to 31 percent of the value of all imported goods to

Namibia,whichissimilartothe31percentaccountedforintheprecedingyear.

CHART16:Importsbymodeoftransport

Airtransportwasthethirdmostusedmeansoftransportpreferredbytradersfordeliveringimportsto

Namibianshores.Despitethis,importsbyairfellby14percent(N$859million)toN$5,371million.This

amounts to 6 percent of the total value of all goods imports to Namibia, which is similar to its

contributioninthepreviousyear.

-

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

Road Sea Air

▼-8% ▼-8% ▼-14%

Value(N$m)

2017 2016

29

ConclusionDuringtheperiodofreview,Namibia’soverallexportsamountedtoN$63,545millionandimportsstood

atN$87,994,whichresultedinatradedeficitamountingtoN$24,449million.Thedeficitnarrowedby

N$5,547million(18percent)comparedtoN$29,996millionrecordedinthepreviousyear.

NamibiamostlyexportedtoSouthAfrica,Botswana,Switzerland,ChinaandBelgium,whichabsorbeda

combined58percentofthevalueofallgoodsexportedbyNamibia.Ontheotherhand,thedomestic

economyheavilyreliedonSouthAfrica,Bulgaria,Botswana,ChinaandZambiaforabout79percentof

itsimportneeds.

Exports were mostly dominated by categories of diamonds, gold and precious metals; fish and

crustaceans; ores; copper blisters and; zinc and articles thereof, accounting for 73 percent of the

country’s total exports to the ROW. Equally, the aforementioned commodities excluding fish, but

includingships,boatsandfloatingstructurestoppedthelistofre-exports.Ontheotherhand, imports

were mostly led by mineral fuel and oils; vehicles; machinery and mechanical appliances; ores and;

diamond,goldandpreciousmetalswhichtogethercontributed43percentoftotalexports.

Inrelationtoregionalgroupings,Namibia’sexportswerelargelyabsorbedbySACU,theoldestcustoms

unionintheworld,with39percentoftotalexports,whilea24percentcontributionwasmadebythe

EU and 14 percent contribution by EFTA. Similar to exports, importweremostly sourced from SACU

whichaccountedfor66percentofoverallimports,withtheEUcominginadistantsecondplacewith14

percent contribution to Namibia’s total imports. BRIC contributed 9 percent, whereas COMESA and

SADC-NON-SACUmadeup6percenteachtototaldomesticimports.

Seatransportationremainedthemostusedmodeoftransportsforexports,with44percentofthetotal

exportsand33percentviaair transports,while roadtransported23percentof thevalueofallgoods

exported. By contrast, road transport was the largest mode of transport used, accounting for a

staggering 62percent of imports toNamibia, coming in secondplacewas sea transportationwith 31

percentof total imports.Which is aboutdouble the sizeof the contributionmadeby road transport.

Meanwhile,airtransportcomeinadistantthirdplacewithameagre6percentcontribution.

30

ListofTermsandDefinitionsCostInsuranceandfreight(CIF): The transaction value of the goods, the value of services

performed to deliver goods to the border of the exportingcountryandthevalueof theservicesperformedtodeliver thegoodsfromtheborderoftheexportingcountrytotheborderoftheimportingcountry.

ExportProcessingZone(EPZ): AnExportProcessingZone(EPZ)isaCustomsareawhereoneis

allowed to importmachinery, equipment andmaterial for the

manufactureofexportgoodsunder security,withoutpayment

ofduty.The importedgoodsaresubject tocustomscontrolat

importation,throughthemanufacturingprocess,tothetimeof

sale/export,ordutypaymentforhomeconsumption.

Freeonboard(FOB): The transaction value of the goods and the value of servicesperformed to deliver goods to the border of the exportingcountry

Re-export: TheexportofforeigngoodspreviouslyimportedfromtheROW

TradeBalance: Thecommercialbalanceornetexports(sometimessymbolized

asNX),isthedifferencebetweenthemonetaryvalueofexports

andimportsofoutputinaneconomyoveracertainperiod.

TradeDeficit: Isaneconomicmeasureofanegativetradebalanceinwhicha

country'simportsexceedsitsexports.

TradeSurplus: Isaneconomicmeasureofapositive tradebalance inwhicha

country'sexportsexceedsitsimports.

31

AcronymsUSA UnitedStatesofAmerica

UAE UnitedArabEmirates

CIF CostInsuranceandFreight

FOB FreeonBoard

BRIC Brazil,Russia,IndiaandChina

COMESA CommonMarketforEasternandSouthernAfrica

DRC DemocraticRepublicofCongo

EAC EastAfricanCommunity

EFTA EuropeanFreeTradeAssociation

EPZ ExportProcessingZone

EU EuropeanUnion

SACU SouthernAfricanCustomsUnion

SADC SouthernAfricanDevelopmentCommunity

32

AppendixExplanatory note on imports and exports of copper ores/concentrates between Namibia and Switzerland

In the previous published Trade Statistics Bulletins by the Namibia Statistics Agency (NSA), Switzerland emerges

among Namibia’s top trading partners in terms of exports as a result of copper ores/concentrates traded between

the two countries. Furthermore, the figures shows that copper ores/concentrates are re-exported to Switzerland

instead of copper blisters. This is in fact an incorrect commodity misallocation going back as far as previous quarterly

reports as a result of the way these particular consignments being declared and subsequently recorded by customs.

Following this revelation, the NSA conducted a comparative analysis of trade data between Namibia and Switzerland

using Common Format for Transit Data Exchange (COMTRADE), a United Nations’ database for export and import

statistics. A physical inspection was also done at one of the Namibian processors as well as with some of the

Clearing agencies. These physical inspections were jointly carried out by the NSA and Ministry of Finance (Customs)

officials. The analysis showed that no trade of copper ore/concentrate took place between Namibia and Switzerland

as indicated by Customs records and that the commodities allocated to Switzerland are indeed confirmed to be a

misclassifications.

It is against this background that the appropriate corrective measures have been undertaken and are currently

being implemented by all parties involved in the recording of these commodities in order to ensure that the correct

commodity description and country of destinations for exports of this commodity is correctly recorded.

At this juncture, the NSA wish to assure all esteemed users of the Trade statistics that although this issue affected

previous edition of these reports, the reported figures on their own merit are not wrong. Therefore, they have no

bearing on the overall figures of the imports/exports neither the overall trade balance as reported in all earlier

published Trade Statistics reports. Although backward revision of previous reports is not possible due to the nature

of recordings, the issue of misclassification of the country of destination and commodity descriptions is being

attended to, the correct classifications will be reflected in the future.

33

Table3:Tradebyf.o.bandc.i.fvalue

Year Value(N$m)Export(f.o.b Import(c.i.f) Import(f.o.b)

2016 66,666 96,662 91,3932017 63,545 87,994 83,607

Table4:Toptenexportdestinations

Partner 2017 2016 ∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareSouthAfrica 15,021 24% 11,393 17% ▲32%Botswana 8,406 13% 9,972 15% ▼-16%Switzerland 6,557 10% 13,327 20% ▼-51%China 3,333 5% 2,412 4% ▲38%Belgium 3,228 5% 2,236 3% ▲44%Spain 3,123 5% 3,068 5% ▲2%UnitedArabEmirates 2,749 4% 1,519 2% ▲81%Italy 2,684 4% 2,776 4% ▼-3%Zambia 2,505 4% 4,480 7% ▼-44%France 2,298 4% 1,768 3% ▲30%Other 13,640 21% 13,715 21% ▼-1%Total 63,545 100% 66,666 100% ▼ -5%

Table5:Toptenre-exportdestinations

Partner 2017 2016 ∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareSwitzerland 6,545 28% 13,235 49% ▼-51%Belgium 2,577 11% 1,650 6% ▲56%SouthAfrica 2,464 11% 1,470 5% ▲68%Norway 1,705 7% 2,190 8% ▼-22%Zambia 1,544 7% 3,361 13% ▼-54%UnitedStatesofAmerica 1,173 5% 1,006 4% ▲17%China 877 4% 309 1% ▲184%Israel 692 3% 388 1% ▲79%UnitedArabEmirates 643 3% 221 1% ▲191%Angola 603 3% 1,231 5% ▼-51%Other 4,274 19% 1,737 6% ▲146%Total 23,097 100% 26,796 100% ▼-14%

34

Table6:Topimportdestinations

Partner 2017 2016 ∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareSouthAfrica 49,052 56% 56,082 58% -13%Bulgaria 5,816 7% 633 1% 818%Botswana 5,449 6% 6,652 7% -18%China 4,567 5% 2,875 3% 59%Zambia 4,220 5% 4,047 4% 4%India 1,910 2% 2,267 2% -16%UnitedStatesofAmerica 1,730 2% 1,836 2% -6%Peru 1,551 2% 1,230 1% 26%UnitedArabEmirates 1,304 1% 701 1% 86%Germany 1,216 1% 1,327 1% -8%Other 11,178 13% 19,009 20% -41%Total 87,994 100% 96,662 100% -9%

Table7:Toptenexportbyproductgroup

Commodities 2017 2016 ∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareDiamond,Gold,andPreciousMetals 20,824 33% 19,186 29% ▲9%Fishandcrustaceans 8,960 14% 8,839 13% ▲1%Ores 8,082 13% 12,413 19% ▼-35%Copperblisters 5,434 9% 5,687 9% ▼-4%Zincandarticlesthereof 2,919 5% 2,461 4% ▲19%Ships,boatsandfloatingstructures 2,665 4% 3,306 5% ▼-19%Liveanimals 2,542 4% 1,031 2% ▲146%Vehicles 1,257 2% 895 1% ▲40%Machineryandmechanicalappliances 1,027 2% 807 1% ▲27%Beverages,spiritsandvinegar 1,021 2% 1,164 2% ▼-12%Other 8,815 14% 10,876 16% ▼-19%Total 63,545 100% 66,666 100% ▼ -5%

35

Table8:Toptenre-exportbyproductgroup

Commodities 2017 2016 ∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareDiamond,Gold,andPreciousMetals 5,467 24% 4,729 18% ▲16%Copperblisters 4,203 18% 4,371 16% ▼-4%Ores 2,895 13% 8,015 30% ▼-64%Ships,boatsandfloatingstructures 2,664 12% 3,304 12% ▼-19%Zincandarticlesthereof 1,548 7% 0 0% ▲317425%Vehicles 1,220 5% 856 3% ▲43%Machineryandmechanicalappliances 920 4% 682 3% ▲35%Mineralfuelsandoils 850 4% 122 0% ▲595%Miscellaneouschemicalproducts 529 2% 303 1% ▲74%Articlesofironorsteel 490 2% 2,258 8% ▼-78%Other 2,311 10% 2,155 8% ▲7%Total 23,097 100% 26,796 100% ▼-14%

Table9:Toptenimportbyproductgroup

Commodities 2017 2016 ∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) Share

Mineralfuelsandoils 8,833 10% 12,289 13% ▼-28%Vehicles 8,149 9% 9,189 10% ▼-11%Machineryandmechanicalappliances 7,643 9% 8,255 9% ▼-7%Ores 7,624 9% 3,185 3% ▲139%Diamond,Gold,andPreciousMetals 5,344 6% 6,566 7% ▼-19%Electricalmachineryandequipment 4,884 6% 4,877 5% ▲%Copperblisters 3,998 5% 4,267 4% ▼-6%Articlesofironorsteel 2,915 3% 2,835 3% ▲3%Plasticsandarticlesthereof 2,063 2% 2,133 2% ▼-3%Beverages,spiritsandvinegar 2,061 2% 2,117 2% ▼-3%Other 34,482 39% 40,949 42% ▼-16%Total 87,994 100% 96,662 100% ▼ -9%

36

Table10:Exportsandimportsoffish

Year Export ImportValue(N$m) %Change Value(N$m) %Change

2008 4,580 ▲33% 251 ▼-2%2009 5,430 ▲19% 352 ▲40%2010 5,250 ▼-3% 255 ▼-28%2011 5,150 ▼-2% 221 ▼-13%2012 5,770 ▲12% 234 ▲6%2013 7,090 ▲23% 344 ▲47%2014 7,120 ▲% 437 ▲27%2015 7,100 ▼% 445 ▲2%2016 8,840 ▲25% 735 ▲65%2017 8,960 ▲1% 530 ▼-28%

Table11:Exportproductstokeymarkets

SouthAfrica

Commodities 2017 2016 ∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareDiamond,goldandpreciousmetals 5,777 38% 4,522 40% ▲28%Liveanimals 2,477 16% 1,007 9% ▲146%Fishandcrustaceans 1,402 9% 1,014 9% ▲38%Beverages,spiritsandvinegar 781 5% 746 7% ▲5%Vehicles 769 5% 657 6% ▲17%Machineryandmechanicalappliances 642 4% 542 5% ▲18%Mineralfuelsandoils 552 4% 29 0% ▲1803%Meatandediblemeatoffal 412 3% 463 4% ▼-11%Zincandarticlesthereof 359 2% 298 3% ▲20%Preparedmeatandfish 244 2% 396 3% ▼-38%Other 1,604 11% 1,720 15% ▼-7%Total 15,021 100% 11,393 100% ▲32%

Botswana

Commodities 2017 2016 ∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareDiamond,goldandpreciousmetals 7,803 93% 9,396 94% ▼-17%Mineralfuelsandoils 320 4% 333 3% ▼-4%Vehicles 60 1% 22 0% ▲173%Machineryandmechanicalappliances 53 1% 15 0% ▲253%Preparedmeatandfish 51 1% 49 0% ▲4%Beverages,spiritsandvinegar 26 0% 36 0% ▼-28%Salt,sulphur,stoneandplasteringmaterials 19 0% 25 0% ▼-24%Fishandcrustaceans 11 0% 9 0% ▲22%Electricalmachineryandequipment 11 0% 4 0% ▲175%Preparedcerealsandpastry 8 0% 8 0% ▼%Other 44 1% 75 1% ▼-41%Total 8,406 100% 9,972 100% ▼ -16%

37

Value(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareCopperblisters 3,102 47% 4,318 32% ▼-28%Ores 2,816 43% 8,103 61% ▼-65%Diamond,goldandpreciousmetals 624 10% 864 6% ▼-28%Fishandcrustaceans 9 0% 0 0% ▲-Machineryandmechanicalappliances 3 0% 8 0% ▼-63%Other 4 0% 34 0% ▼-88%Total 6,557 100% 13,327 100% ▼-51%

Value(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareOres 1,790 54% 1,129 47% ▲59%Zincandarticlesthereof 1,002 30% - - ▲-Salt,sulphur,stoneandplasteringmaterials 226 7% 239 10% ▼-5%Ship,boatsandfloatingstructures 100 3% 295 12% ▼-66%Animalfodder. 70 2% 181 8% ▼-61%Furniture,beddingandmattresses 49 1% 0 0% ▲-Stone,Plaster,cementandasbestos 42 1% 0 0% ▲-Electricalmachineryandequipment 25 1% 0 0% ▲-Fishandcrustaceans 6 0% 12 0% ▼-50%Preparedmeatandfish 5 0% 1 0% ▲400%Other 17 1% 554 23% ▼-97%Total 3,333 100% 2,412 100% ▲38%

Value(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareDiamond,goldandpreciousmetals 1,596 49% 1,714 77% ▼-7%Copperblisters 620 19% - - ▲-Zincandarticlesthereof 543 17% 395 18% ▲37%Ores 196 6% 0 0% ▲-Tobaccoandtobaccosubstitutes 172 5% - - ▲-Ediblefruitsandnuts 57 2% 44 2% ▲30%Mineralfuelsandoils 11 0% 1 0% ▲1000%Fishandcrustaceans 10 0% 49 2% ▼-80%Woodandarticlesofwood 8 0% 14 1% ▼-43%Usedpersonaleffects 6 0% 1 0% ▲500%Other 10 0% 18 1% ▼-44%Total 3,228 100% 2,236 100% ▲44%

∆Y/Y

∆Y/Y

∆Y/Y

Commodities 2017 2016

Commodities 2017 2016

Switzerland

China

Belgium

Commodities 2017 2016

38

Table12:Re-exportproductstokeymarkets

Switzerland

HScommodity 2017 2016 ∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareCopperblisters 3,102 47% 4,318 33% ▼-28%Ores 2,816 43% 8,015 61% ▼-65%Diamond,goldandpreciousmetals 624 10% 864 7% ▼-28%Machineryandmechanicalappliances 3 0% 8 0% ▼-63%Other 0 0% 30 0% ▼-98%Total 6,545 100% 13,235 100% ▼ -51%

Belgium

HScommodity 2017 2016 ∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareDiamond,goldandpreciousmetals 1,455 56% 1,637 99% ▼-11%Copperblisters 620 24% - 0% -Zincandarticlesthereof 249 10% - 0% -Tobaccoandtobaccosubstitutes 172 7% - 0% -Ores 76 3% - 0% -Machineryandmechanicalappliances 5 0% 4 0% ▲32%Other 1 0% 9 1% ▼-94%Total 2,577 100% 1,650 100% ▲56%

SouthAfrica

HScommodity 2017 2016 ∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareVehicles 734 30% 621 42% ▲18%Machineryandmechanicalappliances 540 22% 438 30% ▲23%Mineralfuelsandoils 520 21% 2 0% ▲27926%Electricalmachineryandequipment 156 6% 95 6% ▲65%Diamond,goldandpreciousmetals 126 5% 102 7% ▲24%Railwayortramwaylocomotives 73 3% 13 1% ▲480%Medicalandphotographicequipment 40 2% 60 4% ▼-33%Glassandglassware 39 2% 5 0% ▲664%Ships,boatsandfloatingstructures 29 1% 14 1% ▲108%Ironandsteel 29 1% 3 0% ▲858%Other 178 7% 118 8% ▲50%Total 2,464 100% 1,470 100% ▲68%

39

Norway

HScommodity 2017 2016 ∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareShips,boatsandfloatingstructures 1,703 100% 2,187 100% ▼-22%Machineryandmechanicalappliances 1 0% 1 0% ▲22%Other 1 0% 2 0% ▼-77%Total 1,705 100% 2,190 100% ▼ -22%

Zambia

HScommodity 2017 2016 ∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareArticlesofironorsteel 447 29% 2,209 66% ▼-80%Miscellaneouschemicalproducts 274 18% 111 3% ▲148%Rubberandarticlesthereof 250 16% 0 0% ▲1177654%Beverages,spiritsandvinegar 158 10% 266 8% ▼-41%Vehicles 106 7% 23 1% ▲355%Plasticsandarticlesthereof 85 6% 27 1% ▲215%Inorganicchemicalscompounds 48 3% 37 1% ▲30%Paperandpaperboard 36 2% 145 4% ▼-75%Meatandediblemeatoffal 33 2% 9 0% ▲288%Machineryandmechanicalappliances 27 2% 28 1% ▼-3%Other 79 5% 506 15% ▼-84%Total 1,544 100% 3,361 100% ▼ -54%

40

Table13:Importproductsfromkeymarkets

SouthAfrica

Commodities 2017 2016 ∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareVehicles 6,740 14% 8,497 15% ▼-21%Machineryandmechanicalappliances 5,213 11% 6,143 11% ▼-15%Electricalmachineryandequipment 3,203 7% 3,334 6% ▼-4%Mineralfuelsandoils 2,500 5% 3,769 7% ▼-34%Articlesofironorsteel 2,007 4% 2,274 4% ▼-12%Beverages,spiritsandvinegar 1,896 4% 1,966 4% ▼-4%Plasticandarticlesthereof 1,591 3% 1,800 3% ▼-12%Pharmaceuticalproducts 1,480 3% 1,529 3% ▼-3%Clothingandaccessories,knittedorcrocheted 1,190 2% 1,148 2% ▲4%Cosmetics,toiletriesandresinoid 1,176 2% 1,147 2% ▲3%Paperorpaperboard 1,039 2% 1,091 2% ▼-5%Other 21,016 43% 23,384 42% ▼-10%Total 49,052 100% 56,082 100% ▼ -13%

Bulgaria

Commodities 2017 2016 ∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareOres 5,790 100% 577 91% ▲903%Inorganicchemicalscompounds 15 0% 49 8% ▼-69%Salt,sulphur,stoneandplasteringmaterials 7 0% - - --Other 4 0% 7 1% ▼-43%Total 5,816 100% 633 100% ▲819%

Botswana

Commodities 2017 2016 ∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareDiamond,goldandpreciousstones 5,114 94% 6,177 93% ▼-17%Electricalmachineryandequipment 96 2% 96 1% ▼%Vehicles 54 1% 113 2% ▼-52%Machineryandmechanicalappliances 33 1% 51 1% ▼-35%Mineralfuelsandoils 29 1% 13 0% ▲123%Pharmaceuticalproducts 15 0% 74 1% ▼-80%Tanningordyeingextracts 11 0% 13 0% ▼-15%Plasticandarticlesthereof 11 0% 19 0% ▼-42%Furniture,beddingandmattresses 11 0% 2 0% ▲450%Paperorpaperboard 11 0% 11 0% ▼%Other 64 1% 83 1% ▼-23%Total 5,449 100% 6,652 100% ▼ -18%

41

China

Commodities2017 2016

∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) Share

Articlesofironorsteel 699 15% 262 9% ▲167%Machineryandmechanicalappliances 664 15% 389 14% ▲71%Electricalmachineryandequipment 629 14% 484 17% ▲30%Vehicles 401 9% 99 3% ▲305%Armsandammunition 351 8% 2 0% ▲17450%Inorganicchemicalscompounds 281 6% 192 7% ▲46%Aircraft,spacecraftandpartsthereof 241 5% 19 1% ▲1168%Ironandsteel 181 4% 225 8% ▼-20%Medicalandphotographicequipment 93 2% 91 3% ▲2%Plasticandarticlesthereof 89 2% 74 3% ▲20%Other 938 21% 1,038 36% ▼-10%Total 4,567 100% 2,875 100% ▲59%

Zambia

Commodities2017 2016

∆Y/YValue(N$m) Share Value(N$m) Share

Copperblisters 3,893 92% 3,882 96% ▲%Tobaccoandtobaccosubstitutes 171 4% 23 1% ▲643%Animalfodder 114 3% 71 2% ▲61%Sugarandsugarconfectionery 6 0% 9 0% ▼-33%Explosivespyrotechnicproducts 6 0% - - ▲-Machineryandmechanicalappliances 6 0% 5 0% ▲20%Electricalmachineryandequipment 4 0% 1 0% ▲300%Medicalandphotographicequipment 4 0% 0 0% ▲-Vehicles 3 0% 4 0% ▼-25%Salt,sulphur,stoneandplasteringmaterials 2 0% 2 0% ▼%Other 11 0% 51 1% ▼-78%Total 4,220 100% 4,047 100% ▲4%

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Table14:Tradebyborderpost/office

Value(N$m) Share Value(N$m) Share Value(N$m) Share Value(N$m) ShareAriamsvlei 3,775 6% 17,322 20% 2,722 4% 18,661 19%ErosAirport 7,884 12% 3,154 4% 9,917 15% 3,806 4%F.P.duToit 0 0% 3,437 4% - 0% 3,052 3%Gobabis - 0% 0 0% - 0% 1 0%Grootfontein - 0% 0 0% - 0% 0 0%ChiefHoseaKutakoIntlAirport 13,380 21% 2,120 2% 9,814 15% 2,340 2%ImpalilaIsland - 0% 15 0% - 0% 12 0%KatimaMulilo - 0% 0 0% 0 0% 19 0%Katwitwi 8 0% 1 0% 2 0% 1 0%Keetmanshoop 0 0% 2 0% - 0% 83 0%Lüderitz 4,314 7% 1,180 1% 3,720 6% 3,743 4%KleinManase 0 0% 1 0% 0 0% 1 0%Mohembo 23 0% 134 0% 25 0% 166 0%Ngoma 225 0% 393 0% 390 1% 405 0%Noordoewer 2,283 4% 9,586 11% 2,281 3% 9,459 10%Omahenene 70 0% 2 0% 37 0% 2 0%Ondangwa 0 0% - 0% 0 0% 1 0%Oranjemund 80 0% 1,022 1% 114 0% 894 1%Oshakati - 0% 1 0% 0 0% 156 0%Oshikango 663 1% 50 0% 664 1% 54 0%Otjiwarongo - 0% 2 0% - 0% 2 0%Ruacana 1 0% - 0% 1 0% 0 0%Rundu 2 0% 3 0% 5 0% 2 0%TransKalahari 4,132 7% 15,932 18% 3,256 5% 19,214 20%Tsumeb 4 0% 1 0% 5 0% 8 0%InternationalAirport-Windhoek 1 0% 19 0% 1 0% 19 0%WalvisBay 23,427 37% 26,579 30% 29,112 44% 26,526 27%Wenela 3,203 5% 4,266 5% 4,599 7% 4,371 5%WindhoekRegionalWarehouseOffice 0 0% 2,632 3% - 0% 3,077 3%WindhoekRegionalOffice 70 0% 96 0% 2 0% 279 0%WindhoekRegionalExciseOffice - 0% 46 0% - 0% 310 0%Total 63,545 100% 87,994 100% 66,666 100% 96,662 100%

Office/borderpost2017 2016Import Export