annual report of the american jewish committee

THE AMERICAN

JEWISH COMMITTEE

THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL REPORT

1939

OBJECTS OF THE COMMITTEE

"The objects of this corporation shall be, to preventthe infraction of the civil and religious rights of Jews, inany part of the world; to render all lawful assistance andto take appropriate remedial action in the event of threat-ened or actual invasion or restriction of such rights, or ofunfavorable discrimination with respect thereto; to securefor Jews equality of economic, social and educationalopportunity; to alleviate the consequences of persecutionand to afford relief from calamities affecting Jews, whereverthey may occur; and to compass these ends to administerany relief fund which shall come into its possession orwhich may be received by it, in trust or otherwise, for anyof the aforesaid objects or for purposes comprehendedtherein."

—Extract from the Charter.

OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEEOfficers

President, CYRUS ADLERHonorary Vice-President, ABRAM I. ELKUS

. , . _ . , { IRVING LEHMANVice-Presidents < . „ , ,

( Louis E. KIRSTEINTreasurer, SAMUEL D. LEIDESDORF

Executive CommitteeCYRUS ADLER (1940)*

Philadelphia, Pa.CARL J. AUSTRIAN (1942)

New York, N. Y.GEORGE BACKER (1940)

New York, N. Y.JAMES H. BECKER (1940)

Chicago, III.JOHN L. BERNSTEIN (1940)

New York, N. Y.DAVID M. BRESSLER (1940)

New York, N. Y.FRED M. BUTZEL (1941)

Detroit, Mich.LEO M. BUTZEL (1942)

Detroit. Mick.JAMES DAVIS (1941)

Chicago, III.ABRAM I. ELKUS (1940)

New York, N. Y.LEON FALK, Jr. (1942)

Pittsburgh, Pa.PHILLIP FORMAN (1942)

Trenton, N. J.ELI FRANK (1940)

Baltimore, Md.MRS. M. L. GOLDMAN (1940)

New York, N. Y.SIMON M. GOLDSMITH (1941)

New York, N. Y.HAROLD HIRSCH (1941)

Atlanta. Ga.HENRY ITTLESON (1940)

New York, N. Y.LOUIS E. KIRSTEIN (1941)

Boston, Mass.SIDNEY LANSBURGH (1942)

Baltimore, Md.ALBERT D. LASKER (1940)

Chicago, III.EDWARD LAZANSKY (1942)

Brooklyn, N. Y.FRED LAZARUS, Jr. (1941)

Columbus, OhioIRVING LEHMAN (1941)

New York, N. Y.SAMUEL D. LEIDESDORF (1941)

New York, N. Y.

SecretaryMORRIS D. WALDMAN

SOLOMON LOWENSTEIN (1941)New York, N. Y.

JAMES MARSHALL (1942)New York, N. Y.

LOUIS B. MAYER (1940)Culver City, Col.

GEORGE Z. MEDALIE (1941)New York, N. Y.

LOUIS J. MOSS (1940)Brooklyn, N. Y.

MRS. DAVID DE SOLA POOL (1940)New York, N. Y.

JOSEPH M. PROSKAUER (1942)New York, N. Y.

MILTON J. ROSENAU (1941)Chapel Hill, N. C.

JAMES N. ROSENBERG (1942)New York, N. Y.

SAMUEL I. ROSENMAN (1942)New York, N. Y.

WILLIAM ROSENWALD (1942)Greenwich, Conn.

MURRAY SEASONGOOD (1942)Cincinnati, Ohio

JESSE H. STEINHART (1942)San Francisco, Calif.

EDGAR B. STERN (1942)New Orleans, La.

HORACE STERN (1940)Philadelphia, Pa.

ROGER W. STRAUS (1942)New York, N. Y.

LEWIS L. STRAUSS (1942)New York, N. Y.

SOL M. STROOCK (1940) ChairmanNew York, N. Y.

WILLIAM B. THALHIMER (1940)Richmond, Va.

FREDERICK M. WARBURG (1941)New York, N. Y.

SIDNEY J. WEINBERG (1942)New York, N. Y.

WILLIAM WEISS (1941)New York, N. Y.

JOSEPH WILLEN (1942)New York, N. Y.

HENRY WINEMAN (1942)Detroit, Mich.

MORRIS WOLF (1942)Philadelphia, Pa.

Assistant SecretaryHARRY SCHNEIDERMAN

Director, Educational DepartmentSIDNEY WALLACH

386 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y.Cable Address, "WISHCOM, New York."

•The year given after each name is the date on which member's term expires617

618 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

THIRTY-SECOND ANNUAL MEETING

JANUARY 29, 1939

The Thirty-Second Annual Meeting of the AmericanJewish Committee was held at the Hotel Astor, New YorkCity, on January 29, 1939. Dr. Cyrus Adler, President,called the meeting to order.

The following Corporate Members were present:

Community Representatives

CONNECTICUTBridgeport: Theodore E. SteiberHartford: Isidore Wise

DELAWAREWilmington: Aaron Finger

ILLINOISChicago: James H. Becker; Albert D. Lasker

MARYLANDBaltimore: Sidney Lansburgh

MASSACHUSETTSBoston: Felix VorenbergSomerville: Hyman J. Routtenberg

MICHIGANDetroit: David A. Brown

MISSOURIKansas City: George Oppenheimer

NEW JERSEYNew Brunswick: Abraham JelinNewark: Herbert J. Hannoch; Michael A. StavitskyPlainfield: William NewcornTrenton: Phillip Forman

REPORT OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE 619

NEW YORKAlbany: Robert C. PoskanzerNew York City: Carl J. Austrian; Morris R. Cohen;

William Fischman; Henry S. Hendricks; Stanley M.Isaacs; Henry Ittleson; Joseph J. Klein; Edward La-zansky; Irving Lehman; Samuel M. Levy; WilliamLiebermann; Alexander Marx; Joseph M. Proskauer;James N. Rosenberg; Samuel Schulman; BernardSemel; Fred M. Stein; Lewis L. Strauss

Syracuse: David M. Holstein

PENNSYLVANIAPhiladelphia: Cyrus Adler; Jacob Billikopf; Al. Paul

Lefton; B. L. Levinthal; Victor Rosewater; HoraceStern

Scranton: A. B. CohenKingston: Reuben H. Levy

WISCONSINMadison: S. B. Schein

Members-at-Large

George Backer, New York City; Louis Bamberger, SouthOrange, N. J.; Solomon Eisner, Hartford, Conn.; EliFrank, Baltimore, Md.; Edward S. Greenbaum, NewYork City; Samuel D. Leidesdorf, New York City; Will-iam Rosenwald, New York City

Delegates from Affiliated Organizations

CONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL JEWISH WOMEN'SORGANIZATIONS: Mrs. Marion M. Miller

FREE SONS OF ISRAEL: Simon M. GoldsmithHADASSAH: Mrs. David de Sola PoolHEBREW SHELTERING AND IMMIGRANT AID SOCIETY OF

AMERICA: S. Dingol, Harry Fischel, Jacob MasselINDEPENDENT ORDER B'NAI B'RITH: Max SilversteinJEWISH WELFARE BOARD: Joseph Rosenzweig


NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH SOCIAL WELFARE:Solomon Lowenstein

NATIONAL COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN: Mrs. Maurice L.Goldman

ORDER OF UNITED HEBREW BROTHERS: Max E. Greenberg

UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS: BenjaminKoenigsberg, William Weiss

WOMEN'S BRANCH OF THE UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISHCONGREGATIONS OF AMERICA: Mrs. Herbert S. Gold-stein

WOMEN'S LEAGUE OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA:Mrs. David Kass, Miss Sarah Kussy, Mrs. SamuelSpiegel

YOUNG PEOPLE'S LEAGUE OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE OFAMERICA: John LewisThere were also present the following Sustaining Mem-

bers and other guests:Joseph B. Abrahams, New York; Abba Abrams, Brooklyn;

Mrs. Cyrus Adler, Philadelphia

Paul Baerwald, New York; Mrs. Grace Allen Bangs, NewYork; Robert M. Benjamin, New York; H. J. Bern-heim, New York; Leonard Henly Bernheim, New York;Mrs. Sidney C. Borg, New York; L. Bressloff, London,England; Friedrich I. Brodnitz, New York

Philip Chasin, New York; Julius Cohen, South Orange,N. J.

Saul W. Decker, New York; Walter J. Derenberg, NewYork; Henry Dick, Danbury, Conn.

Mrs. Ehrman, San Francisco; Miss Alice R. Emanuel, NewYork

Melvin M. Fagen, New York; Samuel B. Finkel, NewYork; Ralph E. Fleischer, Brooklyn; Mrs. Sarah Fletcher,Brooklyn; William Fletcher, Brooklyn; Elisha M. Fried-man, New York; W. F. Fuerst, New York


Henry J. Gaisman, Hartsdale, N. Y.; A. J. Goldfarb, New-York; M. Goldman, New York; Arthur J. Goldsmith,New York; I. Edwin Goldwasser, New York; J. J. Golub,New York; Dorothy Gordon, New York; Rabbi SaulGordon, Salt Lake City, Utah; Alfred H. Gottlieb, NewYork; Benjamin Greenberg, New York; Oscar Gruen,New York

Adolph Held, New York; Mrs. Henry S. Hendricks, NewYork; Edward Herbert, New York; Miss Rose A. Her-zog, New York; Samuel A. Herzog, New York; MauriceB. Hexter, New York

A. L. Jaffe, BrooklynS. M. Kanev, New York; David Kass, New York; Mrs.

Maxwell Kenyon, Lawrence, Long Island; Charles Kline,Allentown, Pa.

Jacob Landau, New York; A. S. Lipschitz, New York;Carl M. Loeb, New York; David Lvovitch, New York

Horace S. Manges, New York; Louis J. Merrell, New York;Louis Minsky, New York; Leon S. Moissieff, New York;Jacob Monsky, New York

Frederick H. Nachman, New York; Mrs. Clarence S. Na-than, New York; Mrs. Edgar J. Nathan, Jr., New York;H. H. Nordlinger, New York

David de Sola Pool, New YorkL. M. Rabinowitz, New York; Mrs. Cecilia Razovsky, New

York; Charles Reiss, New York; R. B. Resnik, Los An-geles; Harold Riegelman, New York; Victor Riesenfeld,New York; Louis Rittenberg, New York; Jacob Rosen-berg, New York; David Rosenblum, New York; Mrs.William Rosenwald, New York; Richard C. Rothschild,Scarsdale, N. Y.; I. Rubinstein, New York

Alexander N. Sack, New York; Joseph Sadoff, Elizabeth,N. J.; Miss Dona Saruya, New York; Miss Eleanor Say-mon, New York; Michael Schaap, New York; DanielSchwartz, New York; David Schwartz, New York;Arthur Seligman, New York; Louis B. Shipper, Trenton,N. J.; Ralph Simon, New York; Henry B. Singer, New


York; John Slawson, New York; Miss Elvira N. Solis,New York; Elias L. Solomon, New York; RudolphSonneborn, New York; Fritz M. Stern, New York; Mrs.Horace Stern, Philadelphia; Mrs. DeWitt Stetten, NewYork; N. I. Stone, New York; Nathan Sweedler, Brook-lyn

Samuel Tartalsky, Jersey City, N. J.Simon Walter, Philadelphia; Max M. Warburg, New York;

Norman Winestine, Helena, Montana; Mrs. Wolfe Wolf-insohn, New York


MORNING SESSION

Letter from Sol M. StroockThe Assistant Secretary read a letter, addressed to the

President of the Committee, from Sol M. Stroock, Chair-man of the Executive Committee, regretting his inabilityto attend the Annual Meeting, owing to convalescencefrom a recent illness. Upon motion, it was unanimously de-cided to send a message of appreciation to Mr. Stroock forhis inspiring letter.

Presidential AddressDr. Cyrus Adler delivered an address as President of the

American Jewish Committee. (For text of Dr. Adler's ad-dress, see p. 649).

Presentation of Annual ReportThe Secretary read the report of the Executive Com-

mittee. (For text of Annual Report, see p. 626).

Report of Survey CommitteeMr. Edward S. Greenbaum, Chairman, submitted the re-

port of the Survey Committee. At the present time theSurvey Committee consists of Carl J. Austrian, GeorgeBacker, Robert M. Benjamin, Alfred L. Bernheim, Mrs.Sidney C. Borg, Phillip Forman, Arthur J. Goldsmith, Ed-ward S. Greenbaum, Harold K. Guinzburg, Adolph Held,Mrs. Charles E. Heming, Mrs. William de Young Kay,Solomon Lowenstein, Samuel D. Leidesdorf, Victor S.Riesenfeld, David Rosenblum, Samuel I. Rosenman, Will-iam Rosenwald, Richard C. Rothschild, Ralph E. Samuel,Roger W. Straus, Lewis L. Strauss, Alan M. Stroock, PaulFelix Warburg, Maurice Wertheim, Joseph Willen, MissEthel H. Wise, with Morris D. Waldman, ex-officio, andSidney Wallach, as director of the Educational Depart-ment of the Committee.

Adoption of Annual ReportAfter discussion, upon motion, the Annual Report was

unanimously adopted as read.


Membership-at-Large

Upon motion, the Secretary was requested to cast oneballot for the nominees for membership-at-large suggestedby the Executive Committee (see Office Report), which hedid, and announced the election of the several nominees.

Report of the Nominating Committee

The President announced that, in pursuance of the usualpractice, he had, in advance of this meeting, appointed acommittee to nominate successors to the officers and thosemembers of the Executive Committee- whose terms expireat this meeting and additional members of the ExecutiveCommittee. The nominating committee consisted of thefollowing:

George Z. Medalie, New York City, ChairmanSolomon Eisner, Hartford, ConnecticutHenry S. Hendricks, New York CityJ. J. Kaplan, Boston, MassachusettsJoseph J. Klein, New York CityAl. Paul Lefton, Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaMichael A. Stavitsky, Newark, New Jersey

The Assistant Secretary presented the following report ofthe nominating committee:

"For members of the Executive Committee, to serve forthree years, we recommend that the following, whose termsexpire today, be re-elected :

Carl J. Austrian, James N. Rosenberg,New York City New York City

Leon Falk, Jr., Samuel I. Rosenman,Pittsburgh New York City

Phillip Forman, William Rosenwald,Trenton Greenwich, Conn.

Sidney Lansburgh, Roger W. Straus,Baltimore New York City

James Marshall, Lewis L. Strauss,New York City New York City

Joseph M. Proskauer, Henry Wineman,New York City Detroit


"For officers, we recommend the re-election of the pres-ent incumbents, namely:

For President Dr. Cyrus AdlerFor Honorary Vice-President.Abram I. Elkus

ForVice-PreMents j Ss^SeinFor Treasurer Samuel D. Leidesdorf."

Upon motion, the report of the nominating committee wasadopted and the Secretary was requested to cast one ballotfor the nominees of the nominating committee, which hedid, and announced the election of the several nominees.

The meeting then adjourned for lunch.

AFTERNOON SESSION

Dr. Cyrus Adler, President, and Judge Irving Lehman,Vice-President, presided at the afternoon session of themeeting. The session was devoted to a general discussionof the work of the Survey Committee.

Upon motion, the following resolution was unanimouslyadopted:

"Whereas, during the year just passed Morris D. Wald-man, our secretary, completed ten years of service with theCommittee and Harry Schneiderman, assistant secretaryof the Committee, has completed twenty years of service aseditor of the American Jewish Year Book, and thirty yearsof work with the Committee; be it

"Resolved, that the American Jewish Committee recordsits recognition of the valued services of these devoted men,congratulates them on the attainment of these anniversa-ries, and in making this resolution a permanent part of ourrecords desires to perpetuate its sense of genuine gratitude."

Upon motion, adjourned.

MORRIS D. WALDMAN

Secretary


ANNUAL REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVECOMMITTEE

To the Members of the American Jewish Committee:

The events of 1938 have roused the world to the realiza-tion that civilization itself is in danger, that freedom, jus-tice and truth are threatened by the forces of hatred andsavagery. These events have proved to the world that thecrisis now facing Jews is but a part of a wider crisis threat-ening Christians and Jews alike. Today the world is learn-ing that Nazi Germany's persecution of Jews, Catholicsand Protestants is an integral part of the Nazi internal andforeign policy. Persecution is being used to whip up senti-ment at home and the attempt is made to break down in-ternal unity of nations abroad.

Germany

The seizure of Austria and the destruction of Czecho-slovakia have already had their tragic effects upon theJews of those countries. But the equally tragic effect uponthe other elements of the population is only now becomingapparent. The Goering decree in April, 1938, requiring theregistration of the property of Jews in Germany, was a pre-liminary to an unparalleled act of outright robbery of adefenseless population. Another atrocity — the expulsion,without prior notice, of thousands of Polish Jews — led tothe assassination of a German diplomatic official in Parisby a grief-crazed Jewish lad. This act provided the eagerlyawaited pretext for despoiling the Jews of a great part ofthe property registered under the Goering decree.

The whole civilized world watched with horror the waveof anti-Jewish terror which followed. Violence, arson, loot-ing, destruction and mass arrests occurred all over GreaterGermany. Not even synagogues were spared. Scrolls ofthe Law were desecrated, and rare books burned. At thesame time tens of thousands of innocent Jews were herdedinto concentration camps. In this way, according to Propa-ganda Minister Goebbels, the German "nation followed its


healthy instincts". News reports however have indicatedthat the spirit of kindness and Christian charity is not deadamong the people of Germany; that many of them wereashamed of these outrages.

Legal repression followed. These decrees, it was evident,were carefully prepared long in advance, in anticipation ofjust such an opportunity. The billion-mark robbery of theJews of Germany has been widely publicized, and so hasthe unconscionable demand that Jews repair the damagedone to their own property, and the decree confiscating in-demnities paid by insurance companies. There were, how-ever, other measures which are not as well known. Thetext of these decrees, which appear in full in the currentissue of the Contemporary Jewish Record, published by theCommittee, shows a calculated thoroughness. Since Jan-uary 1, 1939, no Jew in Germany legally owns a shop or isemployed in one; no Jew legally works in .any skilled arti-san's trade; no Jew is legally an owner or even a high officialof any commercial or industrial enterprise. The "Aryani-zation" of German commerce and industry has virtuallybeen completed. Legally, the Jew in Germany has beenleft to starve.

As in the past, the Government accompanied these ruth-less acts with propaganda aiming to justify their excesses.Goebbels, in his statement to the press, dwelt at length onthe alleged exorbitant wealth of the German Jews by de-claring that their registered property amounted to eightbillion marks. According to a subsequent statement ofMinister of Economics Funk, their registered wealth at thetime of the atrocities amounted to five billion marks. Allneutral observers, however, regard this figure as a fantasticexaggeration.

Estimates made by experts show that the sum requiredto repair the damage, — close to one billion marks, — to-gether with the one-billion mark fine will virtually despoilthe Jews of Germany of their entire property. The Nazileaders, however, persist in their propaganda. Hitler hassaid in his "Mein Kampf" that a lie, repeated often enough,is eventually taken as a fact.

Meantime, the threats of further reprisals continue. Atthe height of the atrocities, Propaganda Minister Goebbels


warned the Jews of the United States that if the Americanpress did not stop printing the news of events in Germany,there would be further reprisals.

This threat was capped by another Nazi organ, "DasSchwarze Korps," official publication of the Elite Guards,which announced in its issue of December 1, 1938: "On theday when the Jewish, or Jewish-paid, murder weapon israised against one of Germany's leading men, there will beno more Jews in Germany! We hope we have spokenplainly enough." In plain language, this means that anyattempt on the life of a prominent Nazi, whether made bya Jew or a non-Jew, will be followed by the immediate mas-sacre of all Jews in Germany.

Your Committee has, as in the past, continued to keepthe American public informed of the condition of the Jewsin Germany. The publications of the Committee supple-mented similar endeavors on the part of other organiza-tions and interested persons. One of the most significantof the publications on'Nazism which appeared in the UnitedStates during the past year is the book entitled, "The Ger-man Reich and Americans of German Origin". This studywas compiled by fourteen noted Americans, including HenryL. Stimson, Monsignor Ryan, Samuel Seabury, and FelixFrankfurter, and was published by the Oxford UniversityPress. It is a collection of official Nazi documents, speeches,and decrees revealing a definite plan on the part of the Ger-man Government to foster and require allegiance to Ger-many from the eight millions of Americans of Germanorigin.

Italy

In 1927, the Duce of Italy made a public pronouncementin which he said: "Fascism means unity, anti-Semitism, de-struction and discord. Fascist anti-Semitism or anti-Semi-tic Fascism contains, therefore, a gross absurdity. We inItaly find it utterly ridiculous when we hear how the anti-Semites in Germany seek to flourish in the midst of Fascism.We protest with all our energy against Fascism's being com-promised in this way. Anti-Semitism is a product of barba-


Coincident, however, with Hitler's conquest of Austriaand his advance to the Brenner Pass, the official Italianpolicy toward the Jews as exemplified in this statementunderwent a change.

A report on "Fascism and the Problems of Race,' issuedin July, 1938, by a group of Italian professors who seemedunwilling to have their names made public, provided thefirst official evidence of the change of policy. This reportannounced to an astonished world the discovery that "thepresent Italian population is of Aryan origin and its civili-zation is Aryan," that "a pure Italian race now exists,"and that "the conception of racialism in Italy must be es-sentially Italian and Aryan-Nordic in trend."

Only a half year has elapsed since this manifesto wasissued. In this brief period the government has incorpo-rated into the basic law a series of restrictive edicts provid-ing for the elimination of Jews from the civil, cultural andeconomic life of the nation. Jews are to be eliminated fromthe state school system including universities, both as stu-dents and as teachers; and ghetto schools are now beingestablished. They are to be eliminated from financial insti-tutions such as insurance companies, banks and stock ex-changes. They have been forced out of the army, the navyand the civil service. They have been barred from the FascistParty, Fascist clubs, and other social institutions. Theiractivities in business enterprises are to be severely cur-tailed; they are not to be permitted to own more than fiftyhectares (128.5 acres) of land or own or manage enterprisesemploying more than one hundred persons. They are to berequired to turn over land worth over 5,000 lire and urbanproperty worth over 20,000 lire to the state in exchange forgovernment bonds. Furthermore, intermarriage has beenforbidden on racial grounds, evoking the protest and in-dignation of the Vatican.

This legislative barrage has been accompanied by a prop-aganda campaign of increasing intensity. The prominencegiven to this propaganda seems to indicate that the govern-ment feels it necessary to indoctrinate an unwilling publicwith the racial dogma imported from Berlin. Apparentlyit is difficult to convince the more than'45,000,000 Italiansthat their 57,000 Tewish or half-Jewish fellow-Italians, of


whose difference from themselves they had never been con-scious, suddenly constitute a menace to the "pure Aryan"character of the Italian people.

Generally regarded as expressing the real views of theItalian people were the statements by the venerable headof the Catholic Church, Pope Pius XI. Time and again thePope has condemned anti-Semitism and racialism as inimi-cal to the basic principles of Christianity. His courage, to-gether with the many outspoken declarations of Protestantchurch leaders, has demonstrated to the world that Chris-tianity is not silent in the face of persecution and falsehood.

The Americans of Italian descent were totally unpre-pared for this announcement of Italy's espousal of racism.Individual spokesmen for Italian-American groups and edi-tors of Italian-language newspapers were virtually unani-mous in deploring this new policy. Responsible leadersamong Italian-Americans urged their compatriots not topermit this policy to impair their relations with their Jewishfellow-citizens. At the same time American Jews have stoodout vigorously against any attempt to mar their friendlyrelations with their fellow-Americans of Italian origin.

Czecho-Slovakia

There are many indications that the Jews of the recon-stituted Republic of Czecho-Slovakia are being made ascapegoat for the tragedy of the dismemberment of thatcountry. This is especially true in the districts of Slovakiaand Carpatho-Ukraine (formerly known as Carpatho-Ru-thenia), which, under their newly-acquired autonomy, arefree to manage their internal affairs without control by thecentral government.

Slovakia is ruled by the Hlinka Autonomists, a partywhich showed anti-Jewish leanings ever since its inception.Recent events have led the Slovaks to accept the Nazi ide-ologies, including the racial dogma. The situation of Jewsin Carpatho-Ukraine, the third member of the federatedrepublic, is also arousing grave misgivings.

In addition to these political uncertainties there is a se-rious refugee problem involving the thousands of Jews who


formerly lived in the Sudeten area and who, along withCzechs and democratic Germans, fled to the interior duringthe Nazi occupation. Although these Jews are citizens, theyare being given only temporary asylum and are threatenedwith eventual deportation. A just and speedy solution ofthis problem is one of the most urgent tasks facing the gov-ernment.

It is apparent to all observers that the future of the Jewsin Czecho-Slovakia depends largely on the continued inde-pendence of the country and the maintenance of its formerlyuniversally respected democracy.

Hungary

During the past five years, the influence of Nazi Ger-many has increased anti-Semitic agitation in Hungary. Asa result the Hungarian Government, ostensibly to preventa more drastic assault on the rights of its Jewish citizens,introduced in May, 1938, a numerical restriction of 20%against Jews in all walks of life. Currently, there is agita-tion for the reduction of this percentage norm for Jews to6% in professions and cultural pursuits, to 12% in privateenterprises, and their complete exclusion from responsiblepositions in the press, theatre and cinema and from all civilservice posts. It is also proposed that these restrictionsapply not only to Jews, but also to Christians of Jewishdescent.

Roumania

In Roumania, the summary dismissal of the notoriousGoga Government on February 10, 1938, brought somemeasure of relief to the Jewish population. Some of theGoga regulations, including the revision of naturalizationwhich will deprive scores of thousands of Jews of the rightsof citizenship, still remain on the statute books.

In August, 1938, the government published a new na-tional minorities statute guaranteeing not only equality ofrights as citizens but also special privileges for cultural self-development. The Jews, however, have been excluded fromits benefits.


On October 29, a royal decree dissolved the anti-SemiticIron Guard. Despite this, the regime continued to regardthe Jews as a separate civil category.

Poland

For many years the Polish Government disavowed anyresponsibility for the anti-Jewish movement, which it blamedupon the Nationalist opposition. This led to the hope thatwith economic improvement the Jewish situation wouldeventually be improved. This situation has unfortunatelychanged.

The Camp of National Unity, which is the party of theGovernment, has drawn a definite line of demarcation be-tween the Jewish and non-Jewish populations. In the pastthree months, projects for anti-Jewish legislation havebeen propounded in many official quarters.

We are, of course, fully aware of the circumstances whichhave given rise to the existence of the chronic Jewish situ-ation in Poland. The economic and social problems facedby Poland cannot be minimized. Of the twenty or moremillion peasants it is estimated that eight million are with-out land and means of subsistence. Opportunities for em-ployment in the cities are also limited. Unfortunately, insteadof resolutely facing the arduous task of a constructive eco-nomic development of the country, the Government ismeeting these problems by the line of least resistance — aproposal for the mass emigration of Jews. Press dispatchesindicate that Polish Jews are being coerced into acceptingthis policy.

From many points of view the proposal of mass emigra-tion is unsound. If put into effect, it would be harmful toPoland. The Jews are and have been so integral a part ofPoland's economic and social life that any program basedupon mass emigration is bound to have serious effect uponPoland itself. To emphasize mass emigration is drawing ared herring across the political arena. The only permanenthope is a substantial development in the agricultural andindustrial economy of the country.

Happily, the results of the recent municipal elections re-veal that the anti-Semitic appeal has left unaffected large


masses of the Polish people. To what extent these electionsmay influence the course of the Government's policies re-mains to be seen.

Danzig

The process of the elimination of Jews from the FreeCity of Danzig, which began with the dissolution of theCatholic Center Party, has been continuing. The fact thatDanzig enjoys a special international status under the Leagueof Nations has not prevented the Nazis from carrying outtheir systematic campaign of boycott and terrorism, andeven from applying the Nuremberg Laws.

The atrocities perpetrated in Germany in November alsohad their repercussions in Danzig. Synagogues were com-pletely destroyed and Jews were the victims of mass arrests.These events were followed by a government order de-creeing that the Jews, about 4,000 in number, leave theCity. Negotiations have just been completed between thegovernment and the Jewish Community looking toward thespeedy emigration of the remaining Jews. According to theterms of the understanding recently announced, the Presi-dent of the Jewish Community binds himself to evacuateJews from Danzig by the end of 1939, while the govern-ment, on the other hand, will assist his efforts by suspend-ing all rigorous anti-Jewish measures and by permittingJews to liquidate their effects in a normal manner.

PalestineThe past year in Palestine has witnessed the abandon-

ment of the partition plan, proposed by the Royal Com-mission in July, 1937, a continued campaign of violence,restraint on the part of the Jewish community, and ener-getic steps by Great Britain to restore order.

Recognizing the increasing gravity of the situation, theGovernment finally granted the request of the Vaad Leumi(Jewish National Council) to increase the enlistment ofJewish settlers in the defense forces and gave the militarya free hand in restoring order. The signing of the MunichPact intensified the uncertainty and led to the rumor that


Jewish immigration to Palestine might be completely sus-pended. A wave of protest swept the world. The Ameri-can Jewish Committee joined with other organizations ina delegation to Sir Ronald Lindsay, British Ambassador;and to our Secretary of State. Following this, the immi-gration schedule for the six months beginning October, pro-vided for the immigration of Jews at the established rateof 12,000 per year.

In November, the Woodhead Commission published itsreport. The government accompanied its publication withan official announcement that the proposal to create anArab and a Jewish State was "impracticable" It furtherdeclared its intention to call a series of two parallel confer-ences in London of representatives of Palestine Arabs, neigh-boring Arab States and the Jewish Agency.

At the last annual meeting the Committee adopted aresolution in opposition to the partition plan. The officerswere authorized to take all necessary steps to bring abouta just, equitable and workable solution. Accordingly, yourCommittee cooperated in the preparation and distributionof a book entitled "The Future of Palestine" by HermanL. Weisman, New York attorney. Subsequently, the Com-mittee published three pamphlets discussing the partitionof Palestine, two by Dr. Maurice J. Karpf, American mem-ber of the Executive of the Jewish Agency for Palestine andone by Dr. Cyrus Adler, co-chairman of the American rep-presentatives of the Jewish Agency. These publicationsevoked much interest among American Jews and undoubt-edly contributed to a wider knowledge of the dangersinherent in the partition proposal.

The American Jewish Committee expresses its profoundhope that at the forthcoming round table conferences therewill be achieved the high purposes of peace and coopera-tion among all sections of the population. If these confer-ences are to succeed they must be on a basis of permanentfriendly relationship between Arab and Jew.

Latin-American CountriesIn May, the three principal South American powers,

Argentina, Brazil and Chile, were reported to have agreedon a common policy in combating Nazi influence. Political


agitation and propaganda by Nazi agents and organiza-tions were watched carefully and sometimes forbidden. Shortwave radio broadcasts from Germany and Italy, which havedone much to influence South American listeners, werecountered to some extent by impartial broadcasts fromthe United States.

Of all events in Latin America during the past year, oneof the most encouraging was the Pan-American Conferencein Lima, Peru, last December. The Declaration of Lima,adopted unanimously, indicated a growing inter-Americansolidarity, specifically against religious and racial bigotry.

Refugee Problem

The most important step taken in the past year towardthe solution of the refugee problem was the conference atEvian, France, initiated by the United States, of thirty-twogovernments. The chief of the American delegation, MyronC. Taylor, shares with President Roosevelt the gratitude ofall lovers of humanity for their efforts to make the confer-ence a success.

The Evian Conference limited itself to the problem ofimmigration from Germany and Austria. The discussionswere heartening not so much for any immediate concreteachievements as for the expression of human principles onthe part of the participating governments. An inter-gov-ernmental refugee committee was established, with GeorgeRublee, a distinguished American, as director, authorizedto negotiate with Germany for the purpose of enablingprospective emigrants to remove a larger portion of theirpossessions from Germany than heretofore, and of attempt-ing to find places of refuge.

During recent weeks the Intergovernmental RefugeeCommittee and the German Government have been at-tempting to draw up a plan to permit the orderly emigra-tion of Jews and "non-Aryans" with some of their capital.These negotiations are still under way and the nature ofthe plans under consideration has not yet been madepublic.


Several facts are noteworthy in connection with theproblem of immigration. From 1931 to 1937 the numberof emigrants from, has exceeded the number of immigrantstot the United States by 80,000. It is also interesting tonote that selective immigration from Germany has in anumber of countries proved of direct economic benefit. Thecontributions of the refugees have been praised by govern-ment officials in Belgium, Great Britain and other Euro-pean countries. On January 26, 1939, Lord Winterton,Chairman of the Intergovernmental Refugee Committee,declared that the refugees in Great Britain had establishedfactories which were employing at least 15,000 Britishworkers and had introduced designs, inventions, and pro-cesses of the greatest value to British trade. There isevery reason to believe that the present immigration toour shores within our legislative restrictions will prove ofequally great benefit to our own country.

In Europe, it is encouraging to note that Great Britainand France, as well as several of the smaller democraciesare making a sincere effort to find a way of dealing withthe refugee problem. Belgium, Holland and Switzerlandhave been especially helpful. Even though they have notpermitted refugees to come for permanent residence, theyhave given them temporary asylum pending the finding ofnew outlets.

United StatesThe year 1938 was notable in indicating that the Ameri-

can public had been shocked into a full understanding ofwhat the Nazi dictatorship means. What was originallytaken as primarily and perhaps exclusively anti-Semitic incharacter was finally realized to be a threat to all forces ofdecency and humanity. Protestants and Catholics as wellas Jews; labor and capital; in short, to all those who be-lieve in democracy.

No more striking example of this awakening can bepointed to than the spontaneous resentment that swept thecountry at the news of the renewed Nazi terror. Not onlyhave Christians been horrified by the cruelties inflicted on


a helpless people but they resent the pernicious theory thata group should be held collectively responsible for the mis-deeds of an individual. Numerous resolutions were adoptedby public bodies and organizations, a list of which wouldtake up many pages of this report. The American presswas particularly outspoken in condemnation of the Nazisand sympathy for their victims. Outstanding leaders pro-tested through the press and in public speeches. The lead-ing German-language newspaper in the United States, theNew Yorker Staats-Zeitung und Herold, denounced the Nazileaders as "fanatics unworthy to be called Germans"

Responsive to the sentiments of the American peoplethe Department of State on November 14, instructed Am-bassador Hugh R. Wilson to return home from Berlin inorder to report on the situation in Germany. The NaziGovernment immediately retaliated by instructing its Am-bassador to come home. The American rebuke was fol-lowed next day by a vigorous statement from PresidentRoosevelt, generally considered the most stinging rebukeever administered by a head of the Government to anygreat power. He said:

"The news of the past few days from Germany hasdeeply shocked public opinion in the United States. Suchnews from any part of the world would inevitably producea similar reaction among American people in every part ofthe nation.

"I myself could scarcely believe that such things couldoccur in a twentieth century civilization.

"With a view to gaining a first-hand picture of the situ-ation in Germany I asked the Secretary of State to orderour Ambassador in Berlin to return at once for report andconsultation."

A statement was issued by the General Jewish Councilof the American Jewish Committee, the American JewishCongress, the B'nai B'rith, and the Jewish Labor Com-mittee immediately following the outbreak of Nazi atroci-ties. The full text of this statement follows:

"The world is aghast at the latest news which has comefrom Germany. In the hour of their oppression we offerour fellow Jews in Germany the assurance of our deepestsympathy and understanding.


"In the midst of our grief, we derive a measure of solacefrom the fact that the world has come to realize that thisbarbarism directed against the Jews is violence against thewhole of humanity. This reaction of the entire world is arecognition that we are here confronted with an issue whichgoes far beyond the persecution and torture of a particularminority, and that today it is civilization itself which isunder attack. All Americans — Protestants, Catholics andJews alike — have reacted to these hideous accounts fromabroad as to a national calamity.

"The sympathy expressed by the Dean of Westminsterat Armistice Pay Services manifests the depth of feeling ofthe British people, and is symbolic of the sentiment felt andexpressed everywhere. This universal sense of sorrow andoutrage will continue to make itself felt. Intimidation can-not prevent right-thinking men throughout the world fromseeking equal justice for them to whom it is denied.

"The Jew, throughout ages of persecution, has main-tained his faith in the God of all mankind. This faith inthe sovereignty of eternal justice and the ultimate triumphof eternal truth stands as the common heritage of man. Itis our hope that, true to this heritage, the people of thisand other countries, having expressed their sense of moraloutrage, will join in a determined effort, not alone to savethe victims of oppression in lands across the sea, but topreserve the institutions of democracy and the security ofour civilization."

The voices of a few demagogues, copying the methods ofMinister of Propaganda Goebbels, have disgusted the Amer-ican people and have been emphatically repudiated by themand by leaders throughout our land. These demagoguesand agitators who persisted in their efforts to divide theunity of the American people could find no better weaponthan the false charge, borrowed from the Nazi propagan-dists, of a link between Jews and Communism. Your Com-mittee, along with other responsible Jewish organizations,has on several occasions exposed the falsity of this canard.The facts are accessible to all who seek the truth.

As American citizens we reaffirm our faith in the Ameri-can way of life and denounce alike the attempted invasionof Nazi, Fascist, and Communist propaganda in our country.


Another instance in recent years of an attempt to fomentdiscord between Jews and non-Jews in the United States isthe so-called Benjamin Franklin "prophecy" This inven-tion was completely disproved by leading historians andauthorities on Franklin. Statements by such experts werecompiled as a special feature of the November, 1938, issueof the Contemporary Jewish Record, which was reprintedby the Committee for wide circulation.

The American people, time and again, has shown itscontinued adherence to the letter and spirit of the Bill ofRights. In January, 1938, forty-eight of the outstandingAmerican book publishers refused to take part in an Inter-national Congress of Publishers in Leipzig because "par-ticipation in a meeting in Germany, with all the implica-tions of such cooperation, would be a contradiction of thevery essence of our function as publishers." In February,Homer L. Chaillaux, of the American Legion, announced apolicy of determined opposition to the spread of the Ger-man-American Bund, whose "subversive activities . . .en-danger the welfare of this nation"

The activities of such good-will organizations as the Na-tional Conference of Christians and Jews are receiving theincreasing support of millions of Americans. Expressionsof opposition to anti-Semitism have come from many reli-gious groups of every denomination, which recognize thatan attack upon Jews always precedes an attack on Chris-tianity. Perhaps the most significant development of thiskind was the observance of a special day of prayer forvictims of persecution, held in churches and synagoguesthroughout America on November 20.

Your Committee calls attention to the circulation of ru-mors charging American business firms with un-Americanpractices of prejudice and discrimination. We have feltimpelled to investigate these rumors, have promptly andunequivocally denounced such charges, found untrue, andgiven the widest circulation to our findings. We condemnsuch irresponsible whispering campaigns.

Among the developments in the internal life of Jews inAmerica of particular interest to the members of our organ-ization has been the establishment of the General Jewish


Council. This new body was created by the common con-sent of the American Jewish Committee, the American JewishCongress, B'nai B'rith, and the Jewish Labor Committeeafter a meeting of representatives of the four organizationsheld in Pittsburgh on June 13, 1938.

During the past year, it has been found necessary to ex-pand the general office staff of the Committee, in order tocope with the many new tasks, one of which was the launch-ing of a new bi-monthly magazine, the Contemporary JewishRecord.

The Committee continues to compile and edit the Amer-ican Jewish Year Book, which is brought out by the JewishPublication Society of America. As in past years, the YearBook was edited by Harry Schneiderman, who this yearcelebrates twenty years as editor and thirty years of associ-ation with the Committee.

The duty of counteracting the spread of bigotry in theUnited States, has continued to be the particular task of aspecial sub-committee known as the Survey Committee,under whose direction a comprehensive program of educa-tional work is being carried out.

In 1938, as in all of its thirty-two years of existence, theCommittee has endeavored to achieve its original purpose,the protection of the civil and religious rights of Jews through-out the world. The present crisis makes the work of theCommittee more than ever significant. In the united struggleof all men for the preservation of their noblest principles,the problems of special groups are sometimes lost sight of,sometimes over emphasized. Our efforts to better the situ-ation of Jews abroad and to foster better understanding athome have not been from a narrow sectarian viewpoint.We have been moved by a deep faith in the sacredness ofhuman personality, symbolized and fostered by our reli-gion, indeed by all religion. We have vigorously supportedthe basic principles of American democracy — freedom ofthought and speech and freedom of conscience.

In the present struggle for justice and decency these arethe things that we stress — individual liberty, equality


and civil rights, freedom of conscience, mutual respect andunderstanding. All men should be engaged in a struggle forthese ideals. We are encouraged to keep on, in what attimes appears an unequal contest, because we are confidentthat by common effort, by friendly and earnest cooperation,the world can be saved for justice and peace. We are all themore encouraged because in these years of persecution wehave seen rallying to the common standards of religion anddemocracy, Christian and Jew alike, Catholic and Protest-ant, liberal and conservative, men and women of all races,creeds and shades of opinion. In these we ultimately putour trust.

Respectfully submitted,

THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.


OFFICE REPORT

Necrology

The Committee suffered the loss of the following Com-munity Representatives since the last Annual Meeting:

Benjamin Altheimer, New York City, April 30, 1938Adolph Lewisohn, New York City, August 17, 1938Lawrence Marx, New York City, May 2, 1938Isidore D. Morrison, New York City, October 2, 1938Edward A. Silberstein, Duluth, Minnesota, 1938Aaron Waldheim, St. Louis, Missouri, March 7, 1938J. K. Weitzenkorn, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania,

November 19, 1938

Minutes expressing the Committee's grief and sense ofloss at the passing of these members were adopted by theExecutive Committee.

The Committee also noted with deep regret the death ofB. Charney Vladeck, on October 30, 1938. Mr. Vladeckwas a member of the Survey Committee and at one time amember of the Executive Committee. A minute express-ing the Committee's appreciation for his services and deepsense of loss at his passing was adopted by the ExecutiveCommittee.

Executive Committee

In November last, Ralph J. Schwarz, of New Orleans,tendered his resignation as member of the Executive Com-mittee, owing to illness. At its meeting on November 6,1938, the Executive Committee, upon motion, accepted hisresignation with deep regret and elected Edgar B. Stern tofill his unexpired term. The following additional memberswere also elected at this meeting to fill vacancies on theExecutive Committee: Sidney J. Weinberg, New York;Jesse H. Steinhart, San Francisco; and Murray Season-good, Cincinnati.


Corporate Membership

The Committee takes pleasure in reporting that all thepersons elected to Corporate Membership at your last meet-ing, on January 16, 1938, and whose names appear on pages70-72 inclusive, of the Thirty-First Annual Report, agreedto serve. At its meeting on November 6, 1938, the Execu-tive Committee elected Mr. Ernest V. Stix of St. Louis, asa Community Representative to fill the vacancy caused bythe death of Aaron Waldheim, for the term expiring Jan-uary, 1941.

In accordance with the provisions of the by-laws, thefollowing Nominating Committee, empowered to name candi-dates to succeed those members whose terms expire today,and fill existing vacancies, was appointed:

David M. Bressler, New York CityHarry Block, St. Joseph, MissouriE. S. Halle, Cleveland, OhioHenry S. Hendricks, New York CityBernard Horwich, Chicago, IllinoisHarry Levi, Boston, Mass.Sidney Marks, Chattanooga, Tenn.Victor Rosewater, Philadelphia, Pa.Michael A. Stavitsky, Newark, N. J.Joseph Talamo, Worcester, Mass.Philip F Waterman, Grand Rapids, Mich.

Following is a list of the nominees of the NominatingCommittee:

State City Nominees

Nathan SpiroEdmund H. AbrahamsA. A. BrentanoH. B. RosenbloomFred LevyA. B. FreyerFelix VorenbergEdward AdaskinLouis Hart manBenjamin EvartsAlexander L. SiskindMaurice Barlofsky

CONNECTICUTGEORGIAINDIANA

KENTUCKYLOUISIANAMASSACHUSETTS

DanburySavannahEvansvilleGaryLouisvilleShreveportBostonFall RiverHaverhillHolyokeLawrenceLowell


State

MASSACHUSETTS

NEW HAMPSHIRENEW JERSEY

NEW YORK

NORTH DAKOTAOHIOPENNSYLVANIA

VERMONT

WEST VIRGINIAWISCONSIN

City

PeabodyQuincySomervilleManchesterJersey CityPlain fieldSouth OrangeTrentonBinghamtonBuffaloNew York City

RochesterSchenectadyFargoCleveland HeightsPhiladelphiaPittsburghBurlingtonMontpelierHuntingtonMadison

Nominees

Elihu A. HershensonJoseph B. GrossmanHyman J. RouttenbergEdward M. ChaseHarry GoldowskyWilliam NewcornJulius H. CohnPhillip FormanC. R. Rosen thaiEugene WarnerCarl J. AustrianDavid A. BrownLouis FinkelsteinLeo GottliebMaurice B. HexterStanley M. IsaacsJoseph J. KleinAbraham KrasneArthur M. LamportSamuel M. LevyWilliam LiebermanJames MarshallMitchell MayGeorge W. NaumburgAlgernon I. NovaHarold RiegelmanSamuel SchulmanBernard SemelAlan M. StroockNathan SweedlerMortimer AdlerLewis LurieD. M. NaftalinMax FreedmanJustin P. AllmanEdgar J. KaufmannSamuel LismanE. L. SegelDavid GideonS. B. Schein

Though opportunity was afforded to the sustaining mem-bers to make independent nominations, no such nomina-tions were offered.

In the following communities, in which the Committeereceives its support from local federations and welfare funds,


the nominations were made by the Boards of those organi-zations :

State City

Leo K. Steiner, Sr.Louis B. SiegelHarry A. HollzerJesse H. SteinhartFillmore C. MarksWilliam P. HaasAaron FingerJames H. BeckerJoseph L. BlockSamuel A. GoldsmithSol KlineHerbert M. LautmannAbraham W. GellmanNathan L. SalonEdgar B. SternIsadore LevinAbraham SrereMilton P. FirestoneGeorge OppenheimerErnest W. StixSamuel AchDavid PhilipsonIsaiah ScheelineReuben H. LevyMax H. NathanLeo T. Kreielsheimer

The national organizations which are affiliated with theCommittee designated the following delegates for the year1939:American Jewish Historical Society, A. S. W. RosenbachBrith Sholom, Louis Levine and Louis I. GilgorCentral Conference of American Rabbis, Rabbi Max C.

CurrickConference Committee of National Jewish Women's Or-

ganizations, Mrs. Marion M. MillerFree Sons of Israel, Simon M. GoldsmithHadassah, Mrs. David de Sola PoolHIAS, Harry Fischel, S. Dingol, Abraham Herman, Sam-

uel A. Telsey, Jacob Massel, Albert RosenblattIndependent Order B'rith Abraham, Samuel Goldstein,

ALABAMAARKANSASCALIFORNIA

CONNECTICUTDELAWAREILLINOIS

INDIANALOUISIANAMICHIGAN

MINNESOTAMISSOURI

OHIO

PENNSYLVANIA

TEXASWASHINGTON

BirminghamLittle RockLos AngelesSan FranciscoStocktonHartfordWilmingtonChicago

Rock IslandFort WayneNew OrleansDetroit

St. PaulKansas CitySt. LouisCincinnati

AltoonaWilkes-BarreHoustonSeattle


Max L. Hollander, Max Silverstein, Max F. WolffJewish Welfare Board, Joseph RosenzweigNational Conference of Jewish Social Welfare, Dr. Solo-

mon LowensteinNational Council of Jewish Women, Mrs. Maurice L.

Goldman, Mrs. Benjamin S. SpitzerOrder of the United Hebrew Brothers, Max E. GreenbergProgressive Order of the West, Louis JaffieRabbinical Assembly of Jewish Theological Seminary of

America, Dr. Simon GreenbergUnion of Orthodox Jewish Congregations, Benjamin

Koenigsberg and William WeissUnited Synagogue of America, Louis J. MossWomen's Branch, Union of Orthodox Jewish Congrega-

tions, Mrs. Herbert S. Goldstein and Mrs. Joseph M.Asher

Women's League, United Synagogue of America, Mrs.David Kass, Miss Sarah Kussy, Mrs. Samuel Spiegel

Young People's League of the United Synagogue of Amer-ica, Samuel Ribner

The Executive Committee has agreed to nominate thefollowing persons for Membership-at-Large, to serve forone year:

George Backer, New YorkLouis Bamberger, NewarkLeo M. Brown, MobileFred M. Butzel, DetroitLeo M. Butzel, DetroitSolomon Eisner, HartfordJacob Epstein, BaltimoreLeon Falk, Jr., PittsburghEli Frank, BaltimoreEdward S. Greenbaum, New YorkHiram J. Halle, New YorkHerbert J. Hannoch, NewarkHarold Hirsch, AtlantaWilliam L. Holzman, Omaha


J. J. Kaplan, BostonLouis E. Kirstein, BostonSamuel D. Leidesdorf, New YorkMonte M. Lemann, New OrleansCharles J. Liebman, New YorkJulian W. Mack, New YorkLouis B. Mayer, Los AngelesGeorge Z. Medalie, New YorkHenry Morgenthau, Sr., New YorkReuben Oppenheimer, BaltimoreMilton J. Rosenau, Chapel Hill, N. C.Lessing J. Rosenwald, PhiladelphiaWilliam Rosenwald, Greenwich, Conn.Morris Rothenberg, New YorkHarry Sachs, Colorado SpringsWilliam B. Thalhimer, Richmond, Va.Frederick M. Warburg, New YorkSidney J. Weinberg, New YorkJoseph Willen, New YorkHenry Wineman, Detroit

American Jewish Year Book

In September, 1938, Volume 40 of the American JewishYear Book was published by the Jewish Publication So-ciety of America. This volume was compiled, like the pre-vious volumes since 1909, in the offices of the Committeeand is the twentieth to be edited by the Assistant Secretary.It contains the following special articles: Felix M. War-burg, by Cyrus Adler; Henry Pereira Mendes, by Davidde Sola Pool; and Statistics of Jews and Jewish Organiza-tions in the United States — an Historical Review of TenCensuses, 1850-1937, by H. S. Linfield. The article byDr. Linfield is preliminary to another, which is expectedto be published in Volume 41, and will contain the finalreport of the Census of Jewish Congregations, conductedduring the past three years by Dr. Linfield, in conjunctionwith the current Decennial Census of Religious Bodies ofthe United States Bureau of the Census. This work is be-ing done under the supervision and at the cost of the Com-mittee. Volume 40 also contains a Review of the Year


5698, the usual directories, lists and statistics, which werecarefully revised and brought up to date, and the Thirty-first Annual Report of the Committee.

Contemporary Jewish Record

In September, 1938, the Committee inaugurated thepublication of its new bi-monthly periodical, the Contem-porary Jewish Record. The Record supersedes the variousdigests and bulletins of information previously issued bythe Committee. It includes an objective and systematicday-by-day record of events of Jewish interest, originalarticles and studies, as well as reprints of articles and docu-ments worthy of preservation. The editors are Morris D.Waldman, Harry Schneiderman, and Sidney Wallach; Abra-ham G. Duker is managing editor.

Field Service

The Committee was in close touch during 1938 withJewish communities in every section of the country. Per-haps more than in previous years communities manifesteda keen interest in our program and sought advice and gui-dance in national and communal affairs as well. H. ElihuRickel personally visited many communities, and not onlyacquainted them with the work of the Committee, butstimulated interest and activity in its educational projects.As a result, local groups have been and are becoming moreclosely associated with our efforts and wider program.

The West Coast office of the Committee has been func-tioning actively under the supervision of William B. Cherin,who is rendering invaluable services to communities in thatregion. In the Metropolitan area, Rabbi Moses J. S. Abelshas brought the message of the Committee to many con-gregations and religious bodies during the past year.


PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS

By DR. CYRUS ADLER

I am taking the opportunity of addressing the member-ship of the American Jewish Committee with a full senseof my responsibility and of the grave anxiety we all feelbecause of the conditions of the Jewish people in manyparts of the world.

I should like to separate, if I may for the moment, thoughthey are probably inextricably woven together, the Jewishsituation from the political structure of any State withwhich we have to concern ourselves.

The basic theory on which the Jews of Germany havebeen ousted from their citizenship and deprived of all hu-man rights is declared to be that the German nation iscomposed of Aryans, that the Jews form an alien and un-assimilable section of the community.

Now I want to say, with great calmness, and fully un-derstanding the meaning of the words, that this theory isan absolute lie. There is no Aryan race. As far as we knowthere never has been one. There is not a single biologist,or ethnologist, or anthropologist in the world who believesin the Aryan race. There may be a few professors in Ger-many and Italy who have prostituted themselves to theiroverlords and signed such a declaration, but it is a shame-less lie from beginning to end.

You see I am not quoting from anybody. I am speak-ing in my own name as I have a right to speak and I amusing very direct words because I think the time has comewhen direct speech is necessary.

If you accept this statement as to the fraudulent char-acter of the theory upon which the Jewish people are beinggradually hounded out of one country after another wemight rationalize a little together and see if we can under-stand why this is being done. It is now nearly six yearssince the Nazi regime has existed in Germany and thesesix years have gradually revealed the purposes and the in-tentions of the masters of present-day Germany. First thereis the deprivation of professors and medical men — in fact


all professional men — of their posts and an opportunityfor a livelihood.

And then came the gradual steps of destruction of busi-ness, so-called Aryanization of banks, department stores,shops and factories, which is an untruthful term for robbery.When a man needs money and he has a gun and has noscruples he holds up another man on the street. This iswhat the great German nation has been doing to the Jew-ish people. Sometimes they add a little banditry and holda person for ransom. This I think, soberly stated, is thecourse of events. When the rape of Austria took place thetempo of all these brutalities was greatly accelerated. Infact the Austrian Nazis, together with the help of theirGerman brothers, accomplished in a month or two whatit took the German Nazis five years to accomplish by wayof brutality and destruction.

Then there came the most recent event, the killing of asecretary in the German Embassy in Paris by a PolishJewish boy, seventeen years old. The incident — and onewonders why among the highly efficient Germans a Jewishboy with a pistol in his pocket should have been allowedto wander around the German Embassy — this incident, Isay, has been used as a pretext for a well-planned demon-stration of savagery, the destruction of property, the im-prisonment in concentration camps and jails of many thou-sands of men, and the imposition upon the whole Jewishcommunity of Germany of the so-called fine of one billionmarks, to be paid in four instalments. These destructionsof property were carried on throughout the whole of Ger-many at the same time and without any hindrance fromthe police until orders were given to stop. It was deliber-ately planned and arranged, and that it was not simplythe blind fury of a mob but the direct orgy of a people isevidenced by the fact that nearly all the synagogues in theReich were either burned to the ground or partially de-stroyed. I do not remember in the whole of history anysuch act of savagery as was thus inspired by the presentleaders of the German nation.

It may be said that the time to talk about all this isover and we must endeavor to reconstruct our people some-how. That is true, but I think we ought clearly understand


the nature of the force that is being directed against us andits essentially fraudulent character, for the fight is notagainst us alone. Even if these brutalities had not takenplace, even if the Aryan fraud had not been trotted out,something of the same sort would ultimately have hap-pened in the totalitarian States.

Let me digress here and say that the Nazis did not de-pend solely upon the Aryan myth. They have endeavoredto create another, namely, the Jewish origin of communism.It is well known that the present Soviet State was deli-berately fostered by the military heads of Imperial Ger-many in 1917 in order to break down the Eastern Front,that Lenin and his followers were brought from Switzerlandthrough Germany, into Russia, and given help in setting upa communistic government, and the price thereof was theTreaty of Brest-Litovsk, equally shameful to the Germansand to the Soviet. It is this communist lie which Nazipropagandists in the United States are principally usingagainst the Jewish people.

The totalitarian State is not a new conception. It hasexisted before in the ancient world and in the Far East. Itis a conception in which the State is supreme; an indivi-dual has the sole duty to serve the State, and this of courseinvolves complete loss of freedom of thought, of freedomof expression and of freedom of religion. So that the issueis a larger one that has to do not alone with this Com-mittee because it pertains to our whole country.

That America will struggle for, and I believe maintain,its system of civilization and that it may sometime againbe willing to take the opportunity to spread democraticideals throughout the world is something for which I stronglyhope.

Not being an international lawyer I may be uttering aheresy when I say that I do not subscribe wholly to thetheory that no State has a right to interfere in the domes-tic affairs of another State. This I believe is the simplestformula for what is known as a sovereign State. But sov-ereign States limit their sovereignty when they make treatieswith each other, either bilateral treaties or general pacts.When the United States not only signed but led in thecreation of the Briand-Kellogg pact, renouncing war as an


instrument of national policy, we limited our own sover-eignty to that extent and so did all the other States thatsigned the pact, though the result so far for the peace ofthe world has not been brilliant. I hold that when a nationadopts a domestic policy which results in dislocating theaffairs of another nation such a domestic policy becomesa matter of international concern. I am sure you all rea-lize that I have particularly in mind the policies of Ger-many, of Italy and gradually of other States which forcelarge numbers of people to migrate, create a great mass ofrefugees, emigres, stateless people who with the best willfind it difficult sometimes to adjust themselves in otherStates, or whom other States sometimes find it difficultto digest.

A very good example of what I am trying to suggest hereis furnished in a remarkable publication recently issued bythe Oxford University Press in New York, entitled, "TheGerman Reich and Americans of German Origin." Thiswas sponsored by distinguished scholars and public menand is purely documentary. It indicates that the GermanReich proposes to exercise some form of influence or con-trol over Germans everywhere, including the eight millionGermans in the United States. Such a proposal and thesteps to implement it are plainly a direct attack upon thesovereignty of another nation and of interference in itsinternal affairs.

I think it ought to "be part of the effort of an organiza-tion like ours, and I think particularly of our legal friends,to reconsider some of the ancient maxims by which theworld could be governed when it was civilized.

I was very much impressed, as I am sure you all were,with the address of the President of the United States, de-livered on January 4, at the first session of the Seventy-sixth Congress. I want to emphasize a few paragraphs be-cause I think they bear directly upon the situation of theJewish people. Let me quote these paragraphs:

"Storms from abroad directly challenge three institu-tions indispensable to Americans, now as always. The firstis religion. It is the source of the other two — democracyand international good faith.


"Religion, by teaching man his relationship to God, givesthe individual a sense of his own dignity and teaches him torespect himself by respecting his neighbors.

"Democracy, the practice of self-government, is a cove-nant among free men to respect the rights and liberties oftheir fellows.

"International good faith, a sister of democracy, springsfrom the will of civilized nations of men to respect therights and liberties of other nations of men.

"In a modern civilization, all three — religion, democra-cy and international good faith — complement each other.

"Where freedom of religion has been attacked, the at-tack has come from sources opposed to democracy. Wheredemocracy has been overthrown, the spirit of free worshiphas disappeared. And where religion and democracy havevanished, good faith and reason in international affairshave given way to strident ambition and brute force."

I have on other occasions pointed out to this Committeeand in other places the necessity for the strengthening of ourJewish religious institutions in America, and for the instill-ing of Jewish education and Judaism in the minds andhearts of our youth and of our older people. If you do notaccept the race theory, and we do not, Judaism is first andforemost a religion. And while there may be some whostray away from the fold, nevertheless, it is the principalbond which holds us together and therefore it should beintelligently pursued and fostered among those who areobliged to come to our shores. Men do not live by breadalone. Our synagogues, our schools, our seminaries, ourcolleges, our religious publications, are I think among themost important activity in which we can engage. Alas,they are often relegated to a second or third or fourth place.

I know that many will not agree with me as to theirimportance, but in the course of the long years in which Ihave been living in the world and watching this commu-nity, my conviction on this point has grown stronger andstronger. When the seminaries in Breslau and Berlin andVienna are broken up and their professors and studentsscattered or placed in concentration camps, our institu-tions of learning should be given the means to save them.Some time last October, one hundred professors were, to use


the polite phrase of the official publication in Italy, "elimi-nated" from the universities — one hundred at one time.They covered all fields of learning; I think with one excep-tion they were all old Spanish or Italian Jewish names.What a waste of human material, of training, of scholarship.

This aspect of enforced exodus from various countries, ofscholars and rabbis, cantors, teachers, shochtim, has not Ithink been adequately considered. Yes, there has been anamount of human sympathy offered and some efforts made,but by no means sufficient to alleviate the distress of the indi-viduals concerned. But the matter goes much deeper thanthat. When a community has no rabbi or teacher the peoplehave no education, no spiritual comfort, and lack the gui-dance which, in all times, the Jewish people have expectedfrom their scholars and their rabbis. They become not onlyemigres and stateless, but there is danger of their beingwithout a spiritual compass.

I know that you men here are aware of the existence ofthe Committee for Displaced Foreign Scholars, of the Com-mittee for Displaced Physicians, of the Coordinating Com-mittee which tries to do a greater part of the big job, butwe have only commenced to touch the surface of that taskand I feel it a moral duty to urge upon everyone withinmy hearing, and everyone who is not, that this should bedone in the most effective way, with the greatest speed,with the least red tape. It is a direct challenge to the kind-liness, generosity and good sense of the Jewish people inAmerica, and that challenge we should meet with the bestforces that we can secure.

There are many things that I would wish to talk to youabout today. Most of them you will find referred to in thereport of the Executive Committee no doubt in a muchmore accurate fashion than when I am speaking to you inan intimate way.

However, I have said enough — possibly too much —and shall now proceed with regular business of the 32d An-nual Meeting of the Committee.


LIST OF CORPORATE MEMBERS BY CLASSES

Class A.—Community Representatives

(According to Plan adopted on December 6, 1931)

STATES AND CITIES

ALABAMABIRMINGHAMMONTGOMERY

ARIZONAPHOENIX

ARKANSASLITTLE ROCK

CALIFORNIALONG BEACHLos ANGELES

OAKLANDPASADENASACRAMENTOSAN DIEGOSAN FRANCISCO

STOCKTON

COLORADOt)ENVERPUEBLO

CONNECTICUTANSONIABRIDGEPORTDANBURYHARTFORD

MERIDENNEW BRITAINNEW HAVENNEW LONDONNORWALKNORWICHSTAMFORDWATERBURY

NO. OFREP'S

11

1

1

12

11112

1

11

1112

11211111

REPRESENTATIVES

Leo K. Steiner, Sr.Lucien Loeb

Barnett E. Marks

Louis B. Siegel

Harvey B. FranklinM. J. FinkensteinHarry A. HollzerLester W. RothB. L. Mosbacher

Jacob WeinbergerMax C. SlossJesse H. SteinhartFillmore C. Marks

Lewis I. MillerPerry E. Nussbaum

Theodore E. SteiberNathan SpiroWilliam P. HaasIsidore Wise

Morris D. SaxeWilliam BuxbaumEzekiel Spitz

Abner SchwartzAbraham WofseyPhilip N. Bernstein

TERMS

19421940

1940

1942

19411941194219411941

1941194119421942

19411941

1940194219421940

194119411941

194019411940


STATES AND CITIES

DELAWAREWILMINGTON

DIST. OF COLUMBIAWASHINGTON

FLORIDAJACKSONVILLEMIAMIPENSACOLATAMPA

GEORGIAATLANTASAVANNAH

IDAHOBOISE

ILLINOISCHICAGO

EAST ST. LOUISOAK PARKPEORIAROCK ISLAND

(Tri-Cities*)WAUKEGAN

INDIANAEVANSVILLEFORT WAYNEGARYHAMMONDINDIANAPOLISSOUTH BENDTERRE HAUTE

NO. OFREP'S

1

1

1111

11

1

13

111

1

1111111

REPRESENTATIVES

Aaron Finger

Simon Lyon

Morton R. HirschbergD. J. ApteJ. M. EdrehiErnest Maas

Leonard HaasEdmund H. Abrahams

Leo J. Falk

James H. BeckerJoseph L. BlockMax EpsteinSamuel A. GoldsmithBernard HorwichSol KlineAlbert D. LaskerHerbert M. LautmannU. S. SchwartzFrank L. Sulzberger

Arthur Lehman

Abraham W. Gellman

A. A. BrentanoNathan L. SalonH. B. Rosenbloom

J. J. Kiser

Louis Brown

TERMS

1942

1940

1941194119401941

19401942

1940

1942194219411942194019421940194219411941

1941

1942

194219421942

1940

1941

^Include Rock Island and Moline, III., and Davenport, Iowa.


STATES AND CITIES

IOWADAVENPORT

(see Rock Island, 111.)

NO. OFREP'S REPRESENTATIVES

DES MOINESMASON CITYSIOUX CITY

KANSASKANSAS CITY

KENTUCKYLOUISVILLE

LOUISIANANEW ORLEANSSHREVEPORT

MAINEBANGORPORTLAND

MARYLANDBALTIMORE

MASSACHUSETTSBEVERLYBOSTON

BROCKTONBROOKLINECAMBRIDGECHELSEAFALL RIVERHAVERHILLHOLTYKELAWRENCELOWELLLYNNMALDENNEW BEDFORDPEABODYPlTTSFIELDQUINCYREVERESALEMSOMERVILLESPRINGFIELDWINTHROPWORCESTER

111

1

2

11

11

2

12

111211111111111111111

Eugene MannheimerSam RaizesAdo'ph M. Davis

Joseph Cohen

Fred LevyCharles W. Morris

Edgar B. SternA. B. Freyer

Michael Pilot

Jacob H. HollanderSidney Lansburgh

James SolomontFelix VorenbergIrving M. LeveyHarry Levi

Maurice TobeyEdward AdaskinLouis HartmanBenjamin EvartsAlexander L. SiskindMaurice BarlofskyHenrv YozellAlbert H. WechslerC. S. LipsittElihu A. HershensonGeorge NewmanJoseph B. Grossman

Max GoldbergHyman J. RouttenbergHarry M. Ehrlich

Joseph Talamo

194019411940

1941

19421941

19421942

1941

19401941

1941194219401940

194119421942194219421942194019401940194219401942

194119421940

1941


STATES AND CITIES

MICHIGANDETROIT

FLINTGRAND RAPIDSHIGHLAND PARK

MINNESOTADULUTHMINNEAPOLIS

ST. PAUL

MISSISSIPPIVlCKSBURG

MISSOURIKANSAS CITY

ST. JOSEPHST. LOUIS

MONTANABUTTE

NEBRASKALINCOLNOMAHA

NEVADARENO

NEW HAMPSHIREMANCHESTER

NEW JERSEYASBURY PARKATLANTIC CITYBAYONNEBLOOMFIELDCAMDENEAST ORANGEELI7ABETHHOBOKENIRVINGTONJERSEY CITYLINDEN

NO.OFREP'S

3

111

12

1

1

2

12

1

11

1

1

I1111111111

REPRESENTATIVES

Julian H. KrolikIsadore LevinAbraham Srere

Philip F. Waterman

Arthur BrinJoseph H. SchanfeldMilton P. Firestone

Louis L. Switzer

Sig. HarzfeldGeorge OppenheimerHarry BlockCharles M. RiceErnest W. Stix

Nathan J. GoldHarry A. Wolf

Samuel Platt

Edward M. Chase

Joseph B. PerskieAaron A. Melniker

Benjamin NatalA. J. DimondEmil SteinJulius Lichtenstein

Harry Goldowsky

TERMS

194119421942

1941

194119401942

1941

19401942194019411941

19401940

1940

1942

19411941

1940194119401941

1942


STATES AND CITIES

NEW JERSEYLONG BRANCHNEW BRUNSWICKNEWARK

ORANGEPASSAICPATERSONPERTH AMBOYPLAINFIELDSOUTH ORANGETRENTONUNIONWEST HOBOKENWEST NEW YORKWOODBINE

NEW MEXICOLAS VEGAS

NEW YORKALBANYBlNGHAMTONBUFFALO

ELMIRAFALLSBURGHGLOVERSVILLEKINGSTONLYNBROOKMONTICELLOMOUNT VERNONNEW ROCHELLENEWBURGHNEW YORK CITY

NO.OFREP'S

112

11211111111

1

112

111111111

48

REPRESENTATIVES

Abraham JelinMeyer C. EllensteinMichael A. Stavitsky

Joseph A. Feder

Isaac AlpernWilliam NewcornJulius H. CohnPhillip Forman

Louis C. Ilfeld

Robert C. PoskanzerC. R. RosenthalJoseph L. FinkEugene WarnerHerman WileBenjamin F. Levy

Oscar HeymanBertram A. StroockCarl J. AustrianEdward L. BernaysDavid M. BresslerDavid A. BrownEmanuel CellerMorris R. CohenAbram I. ElkusLouis FinkelsteinWm. FischmanNorman S. GoetzSamuel H. GoldensonLeo GottliebHenry S. Hendricks

TERMS

194119411940

1940

1940194219421942

1941

194019421941194219411941

194119411942194119411942194119411940194219401940194019421940


STATES AND CITIES

NIAGARA FALLSPEEKSKILLPOUGHKEEPSIEROCHESTER

SCHENECTADY

NO. OFREP'S

1112

1

REPRESENTATIVES

Maurice B. HexterDavid M. HeymanJoseph C. HymanStanley M. IsaacsHenry IttlesonMaurice J. KarpfJoseph J. KleinAbraham KrasneArthur K. KuhnArthur M. LamportEdward LazanskyHerbert H. LehmanIrving LehmanArthur I. LeVineEdgar A. LevySamuel M. LevyWm. LiebermannJames MarshallAlexander MarxMitchell MayGeorge \V. NaumburgAlgernon I. NovaCarl H. PforzheimerJoseph M. ProskauerHarold RiegelmanJames N. RosenbergSamuel I. RosenmanWalter N. RothschildSamuel SalzmanSamuel SchulmanWolfgang SchwabacherBernard SemelFred M. SteinI. M. StettenheimMax D. SteuerHugh Grant StrausRoger W. StrausLewis L. StraussAlan M. StroockSol M. StroockNathan SweedlerRalph WolfAbba M. Fineberg

Mortimer AdlerHenry M. SternLewis Lurie

TERMS

1942194119411942194119401942194219411942194019411940194019401942194219421941194219421942194019401942194019401941194119421940194219401940194019411941194019421941194219411941

194219411942


STATES AND CITIES

SYRACUSETROYUTICAWHITE PLAINSYONKERS

NORTH CAROLINAGOLDSBORO

NORTH DAKOTAFARGO

OHIOAKRONCANTONCINCINNATI

CLEVELAND

CLEVELAND HEIGHTSCOLUMBUSDAYTONTOLEDOYOUNGSTOWN

OKLAHOMAOKLAHOMA CITYTULSA

OREGONPORTLAND

PENNSYLVANIAALLENTOWNALTOONABETHLEHEMBRADDOCKCHESTEREASTONERIEHARRISBURGHAZELTONHOMESTEADJOHNSTOWNLANCASTERMCKEESPORTPHILADELPHIA

NO. OFREP'S

11111

1

1

112

2

11111

11

1

1111111111111

11

REPRESENTATIVES

David M. HolsteinJoseph GoodmanS. Joshua KohnP. Irving GrinbergIrving Schneider

Lionel Weil

D. M. Naftalin

Richard PolskyA. M.LuntzSamuel AchDavid PhilipsonMurray SeasongoodEdward M. BakerE. S. HalleMax FreedmanFred Lazarus, Jr.Milton C. SternSigmond SangerHerman C. Ritter

S. K. BernsteinNathan Appleman

Max S. Hirsch

Morris Senderowitz, Jr.Isaiah Scheeline

Malcolm GoldsmithNathan Speare

Isador SobelGustav KaplanNat Landau

Nelson A. Elsasser

Herman LevineCyrus AdlerJustin P. Allman

TERMS

19411941194119401941

1941

1942

194119411942194219411941194019421941194019411941

19401940

1941

19401942

19411941

194119401941

1940

194119411942


STATES AND CITIES

PITTSBURGH

POTTSVILLEREADINGSCRANTONUNIONTOWNWILKES-BARRE

RHODE ISLANDPROVIDENCE

WOONSOCKET

SOUTH CAROLINACHARLESTON

SOUTH DAKOTASioux FALLS

TENNESSEECHATTANOOGAKNOXVILLEMEMPHISNASHVILLE

TEXASBEAUMONTDALLASE L PASOFORT WORTHGALVESTONHOUSTONSAN ANTONIOWACO

UTAHSALT LAKE CITY

VERMONTBURLINGTONMONTPELIER

NO. OFREP'S

2

11111

2

1

1

1

1111

11111111

1

11

REPRESENTATIVES

Jacob BillikopfJoseph L. KunAl. Paul LeftonB. L. LevinthalHoward A. LoebVictor RosewaterHorace SternMorris WolfWilliam K. FrankEdgar J. Kaufmann

Sam R. LurioA. B. Cohen

Reuben H. Levy

Max L. GrantArchibald SilvermanArthur I. Darman

Sidney Rittenberg

Sidney MarksBen R. WinickLouis LevyNathan Cohn

Benjamin BlumVictor H. HexterMaurice SchwartzSol BrachmanIsaac H. KempnerMax H. NathanJake KarotkinLape I. Efron

James L. White

Samuel LismanE. L. Segel

TERMS

1940194019411940194019401941194119401942

19411941

1942

194019401941

1941

1941194119411941

19401940194019411941194219411941

1940

19421942


STATES AND CITIES

VIRGINIANEWPORT NEWSNORFOLKPORTSMOUTHRICHMOND

ROANOKE

WASHINGTONSEATTLESPOKANETACOMA

WEST VIRGINIACHARLESTONHUNTINGTONWHEELING

WISCONSINMADISONMILWAUKEESHEBOYGANSUPERIOR

WYOMING

NO. OFREP'S

1111

1

111

111

1211

1

REPRESENTATIVES

Robert D. BinderHerbert J. GerstJulian M. BlachmanEdward N. CalischWm. H. SchwarzschildMorris L. Masinter

Leo T. KreielsheimerJoe Rubens

David GideonLouis Horkheimer

S. B. ScheinJoseph L. BaronGeorge Holman

TERMS

194019401941194019411940

19421941

19421940

194219411941

Class B.—Delegates from National JewishOrganizations

AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY.A. S. W. RosenbachB'RITH SHOLOM, Louis Levine, Louis I. GilgorCENTRAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBIS, Max C. CurrickCONFERENCE COMMITTEE OF NATIONAL JEWISH WOMEN'S ORGANIZA-

TIONS, Mrs. Marion M. MillerTHE FREE SONS OF ISRAEL, Simon M. GoldsmithHADASSAH, Mrs. David de Sola PoolHEBREW SHELTERING AND IMMIGRANT AID SOCIETY OF AMERICA, Harry

Fischel, Abraham Herman, Jacob Massel, Samuel A. Telsey, S.Dingol, Albert Rosenblatt

INDEPENDENT ORDER B'RITH ABRAHAM, Samuel Goldstein, Max L. Hol-lander, Max Silverstein, Max F. Wolff

JEWISH WELFARE BOARD, Joseph RosenzweigNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH SOCIAL WELFARE, Solomon Lowen-

steinNATIONAL COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN, Mrs. Maurice L. Goldman and

Mrs. Benjamin S. Spitzer


ORDER OF THE UNITED HEBREW BROTHERS, Max E. GreenbergPROGRESSIVE ORDER OF THE WEST, Louis JaffieRABBINICAL ASSEMBLY OF THE JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF

AMERICA, Simon GreenbergUNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS OF AMERICA, Benjamin

Koenigsberg and William WeissUNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA, Louis J. MossWOMEN'S BRANCH OF THE UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGA-

TIONS OF AMERICA, Mrs. Joseph M. Asher, Mrs. Herbert S. Gold-stein

WOMEN'S LEAGUE OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA, Mrs. DavidKass, Miss Sarah Kussy and Mrs. Samuel Spiegel

YOUNG PEOPLE'S LEAGUE OF THE UNITED SYNAGOGUE OF AMERICA,Samuel Ribner

Class C.—Members-at-LargeGeorge Backer, New YorkLouis Bamberger, NewarkLeo M. Brown, MobileFred M. Butzel, DetroitLeo M. Butzel, DetroitSolomon Eisner, HartfordJacob Epstein, BaltimoreLeon Falk, Jr., PittsburghEli Frank, BaltimoreEdward S. Greenbaum, New YorkHiram J. Halle, New YorkHerbert J. Hannoch, NewarkHarold Hirsch, AtlantaWilliam L. Holzman, OmahaJ. J. Kaplan, BostonLouis E. Kirstein, BostonSamuel D. Leidesdorf, New YorkMonte M. Lemann, New OrleansChas. J. Liebman, New YorkJulian W. Mack, New YorkLouis B. Mayer, Los AngelesGeorge Z. Medalie, New YorkHenry Morgenthau, Sr., New YorkReuben Oppenheimer, BaltimoreMilton J. Rosenau, Chapel Hill, No. CarolinaLessing J. Rosenwald, PhiladelphiaWilliam Rosenwald, Greenwich, Conn.Morris Rothenberg, New YorkHenry Sachs, Colorado SpringsWilliam B. Thalhimer, Richmond, \"a.Frederick M. Warburg, New YorkSidney J. Weinberg, New YorkJoseph Willen, New YorkHenry Wineman, Detroit

annual report of the american jewish committee

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