annual report of the colonies. gambia 1927
TRANSCRIPT
COLONIAL REPORTS—ANNUAL.
No. 1399.
GAMBIA.
Report for 1927.
For Report for 1925 see No. 1306 (Price 9d.) and tor Report tor 1926 see No. 1347 (Price 6d.).
LONDON: PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE
To be purchased directly from II. M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses :
Adastral House, Kinjfsway, London, W.0.2; 120, George Street, Edinburgh; York Street, Manchester; 1, St. Andrew's Crescent, Cardiff;
15, Donegall Square West, Belfast; or through any Bookseller
1 9 2 8
5 8 . 1 3 9 9 Price 0<1. Net,
EMPIRE DEVELOPMENT E M P I R E M A R K E T I N G B O A R D
PUBLICATIONS. Note on the work of the Board and Statement
of Research Grants approved by the Secretary of State from July, 1926 to M a y , 1927.
Cmd. 2898. 3d. (3$</.). Agricultural Economics in the Empire.
( E . M . B . 1 . ) 6d. {yd.). Tropical Agricultural Research in the Empire,
with special reference to Cacao, Sugar Cane, Cotton and Palms. ( E . M . B . 2 . ) 1 5 . 6d. (is. yd.).
Agriculture in Trinidad. Report on Development. ( E . M . B . 3.) %d. (zid).
Agriculture in British Guiana. Report on Development. ( E . M . B . 4 . ) yd. (iod.).
Agriculture in Leeward and Windward Islands and Barbados. Report on Development.
( E . M . B . 5.) 6d. (yd.). Geophysical Surveying. Report of a Sub-
Committee of the Committee of Civi l Research. November, 1927. ( E . M . B . 6.) 6d. (yd.).
T h e Chemistry of Wine Making . A Report on Oenological Research. ( E . M . B . 7.) is. od. (is. 2d.).
Grass and Fodder Crop Conservation in Transportable Form, ( E . M . B . 8.) is. od. (is. 2d.).
Empire Market ing Board M a y , 1927 to M a y , 1928. ( E . M . B . 9.) 1 5 . od. (is. 2d.).
IMPERIAL ECONOMIC COMMITTEE PUBLICATIONS.
The Imperial Economic Committee has issued a series of publications on the problems connected with the marketing and preparing for market of foodstuffs produced within the British Empire. T h e following six volumes are now ready. General Questions, yd. (iod.); Meat, yd. (iod.); Fruit, 4 5 . 6d. ( 4 5 . iod.); Dairy Produce, 1 5 . (is. 3^.); Fish, 6d. (8d.); Poultry, E g g s , Honey, 1 5 . [is. 2d.).
T h e Eighth Report of the Committee, " T h e Functions and W o r k of the Imperial Economic Committee," 6d. (yd.). The relationship between the Committee and the Empire Marketing Board is explained in this Report.
All Prices are net. Those in brackets include postage.
CONTENTS.
History and Geography
I. General
II. Finance
III. Production
IV. Trade and Economics
V. Communications <_>
VI. Justice, Police, and Prison
VII. Public Works
VIII . Public Health ...
IX. Education
X. Lands and Survey
XI. Labour ... ... •
XII . Miscellaneous ...
Appendix I.—Principal Firms, etc. ...
Appendix II.—List of Barristers, Solicitors and Patent Agents
0*29-21) Wt. 11507—871 875 9/28 II. St. G . 7 / 8
T H E GAMBIA.
A N X T A L G K X F R A L U K P O R T 1!)27.
H i s t o r y and G e o g r a p h y .
T h e first d e s c r i p t i v e a c c o u n t of* t h e G a m b i a d a t e s f rom 1 1 1 m i d d l e of t IK* l o t h r c ? i t n n \ w h e n A l v i s e < \-MI.I . M : I S : O , a V e n e i ian . v i s i t ed 1110 r i v e r in ^ b a r g e of a n e x p e d i t i o n f i t ted o u t by P r i n c e H e n r v o f P o r t u g a l , lie* a p p e a r s to h a v e t r a v e l l e d s o m e 4 0 mi les f rom t h e m o n t h iu Tin* P o r t u g u e s e we re a b l e to m a i n t a i n a m o n o p o l y o f t h e t rad* 1 for m o r e t h a n a cent m y : an F n g l i s h e x n e d u i o n , l i t t ?d out in w a s p r e v e n t e d f rom s o l i n g by the in f luence of K i n g d o h n II of P o r t u g a l . In l o N S n l \ i t « M , > from Q u e e n Kl i zahc t l t o'avu c e r t a i n m e r c h a n t s of D e v o n a n d L o n d o n a n m n o p o l v for 10 v e a r s of t he ** f i e e a n d w h o l e t r a fnp iu t r a d e a n d fen I of m e r c h a n d i s e " t o a n d w i t h i n the S e n e g a l a n d G a m b i a r i v e r s . It was s t a t e d in t h e P a t e n t t h a t on* 1 v o y a g e h a d a l r e a d y been p e r f o r m e d . T h e s e c o n d v o v a g e u n d e r t h e C h a r t e r , which w a s m a d e in 1 C>(.) 1, is d e s c r i b e d in l l a k l u v t . T h e F r e n c h h a d t h e n t r a d e d in t he se p a r t s for a b o v e 3 0 v e a r s , bu t the F r e n c h m e n n e v e r used t o u<> i n t o t he r i v e r of G a m b i a , w h i c h is a r i v e r <:i s ee rc t t r a d e a n d r i c h e s e o n c e a l e d b y t h e P o r t u g a l s ' \
T h e p o w e r of P o r t u g a l w a s , h o w e v e r , on t h e w a n e , a n d e a r l y in t h e 1 7 t h c e n t u r y t h e F n g l i s h e s t a b l i s h e d t h e m s e l v e s in t h e G a m b i a a n d t h e F r e n e h in S e n e g a l to t h e n o r t h . F o r t h e f o l l o w i n g t w o c e n t u r i e s t h e s e c o u n t r i e s c o n t e n d e d w i t h v a r y i n g f o r t u n e s for t h e m a s t e r y of t h e t w o r i v e r s , t h e coas t p o r t s b e t w e e n , a n d tin* t r a d e of t h e h i n t e r l a n d .
In t h e 18 th c e n t u r y t h e R o y a l A f r i c a n C o m p a n y c m t r o l l e d t h e c o m m e r c e of t in; G a m b i a , a n d m a d e la rge 1 p ro f i t s on t h e i r c a r g o e s of s l a v e s a n d g o l d a n d i v o r y a n d b e e s w a x .
( / b a r t e r e d C o m p a n y a d m i n i s t r a t i o n w a s r u i n e d b y t h e A c t of 1 8 0 7 , w h i c h a b o l i s h e d tin* slave* t r a d e , a n d a l t h o u g h an a n n u a l s u b s i d v of £ 2 3 , 0 0 0 w a s pa id to t h e C o m p a n y it w a s u n a b l e to m a k e a prof i t , a n d i t s a s s e t s w e r e t a k e n o v e r b y t h e C r o w n .
S i n c e 1 81 fi t h e s e a t of G o v e r n m e n t h a s been at B a t h u r s t . w h i c h w a s f o u n d e d by t h e F n g l i s h m e r c h a n t s w h o left S e n e g a l a n d t h e I s l and of G o r e e w h e n t h o s e t e r r i t o r i e s w e r e r e s t o r e d t o F r a n c e a f t e r t h e N a p o l e o n i c w a r s . I t w a s n a m e d a f t e r t h e t h e n S e c r e t a r y of S t a t e fo r t h e C o l o n i e s .
4
T h e 1 C o l o n y , w h i c h c o m p r i s e s the* t o w n s of H a t h u r s t a n d G e o r g e t o w n a n d s o m e a d j o i n i n g l a n d , h a s a n a r e a of o n l y 0 9 s q u a r e m i l e s .
T h e P r o t e c t o r a t e is a n a r r o w s t r i p of t e r r i t o r y t e n k i l o m e t r e s w i d e on e a c h b a n k e x t e n d i n g u p t h e r i v e r for 2 5 0 mi l e s f r om l i u l h u r s t . T h e G a m b i a R i v e r h a s i t s s o u r c e n e a r t h e v i l l age of L a he on t h e F u t a t l a l l o n p l a t e a u . I t f lows w e s t w a r d fo r a b o u t 7 0 0 m i l e s . T h e r i v e r is n a v i g a b l e for o c e a n g o i n g s t e a m e r s a s f a r a s K u u t a u r , a n d for v s s e l s d r a w i n g less t h a n t w o f a t h o m s as fa r a s K o i n a , t h e e a s t e r n m o s t v i l l a g e in t h e P ro tec to ra t e* , w h e r e then* is st r i se of t w o feet d a i l y w i t h t h e t i d e . D u r i n g t h e r a i n s t h e u p p e r r i v e r r i ses s o m e t h i r t y feet . T h i s y e a r w h e n t h e f loods w e r e e x c e p t i o n a l ! v h e a v y t h e b u i l d i n g s a t Basse*, tin* l a r g e s t m a r k e t in t h e P r o t e c t o r a t e in rlio d r y s e a s o n , we re t w e l v e fe*;*t u n d e r w a t e r .
T h e i n h a b i t a n t s of tin* P r o t e c t o r a t e a r e m o s t l y J o l l o f s , M a n d i n g o s , F u l a * . a n d J o l a s , n e a r l y all of w h o m an? M a h o m m e d a n s , e x c e p t t h e l a s t n a m e d t r i b e w h o a r e p a g a n a n d l ower in th» s ca l e of eivi l isat i o n t h a n t h e o t h e r s .
T h e c u r r e n c y is B r i t i s h W e s t A f r i c a n s i l ve r a n d a l loy c o i n a g e a n d p a p e r . S i n c e t h e F r e n c h five f r a n c p i e c e s we re d e m o n e t i s e d , l i t t l e s i l v e r h a s b e e n seen in t h e P r o t e c t o r a t e . There* w a s in c i r c u l a t i o n d u r i n g t h e y e a r a b o u t ha l f a mi l l ion p o u n d s w o r t h of a l loy c o i n a g e , a n d n o t e s to t h e v a l u e of £ 1 ()(>,000. T h e m o n e t a r y u n i t s a n d t h e s t a n d a r d s of w e i g h t s a n d m e a s u r e s a r e B r i t i s h , b u t t h e p e o p l e a r e e q u a l l y c o n v e r s a n t w i t h t h e m e t r i c s y s t e m o w i n g t o t h e i r (dose c o n t a c t w i t h the* n e i g h b o u r i n g C o l o n i e s .
I — G e n e r a l . O n t h e 4 t h of F e b r u a r y C a p t a i n S i r C . I I . A r m i t a g e , K . B . I : . , r . M . o . ,
D . S . O M lef t t h e C o l o n y on r e t i r e m e n t a f t e r >ix y e a r s a s G o v e r n o r of t h i s C o l o n y a n d a f t e r t h i r t y - f o u r y e a r s service* in W e s t A f r i c a . H i s succes so r . S i r J o h n M i d d l e t o n , K . n . i : , . C . M . G . , l a t e G o v e r n o r of t h e F a l k l a n d i s l a n d s , a s s u m e d the* a d m i n i s t r a t i o n of the* ( l o l o n y on t h e 1 0 t h of M a r c h .
The* t h r e e unofficial m e m b e r s of L e g i s l a t i v e ( ' e a r n e d h a v e been r e a p p o i n t e d by the 1 C r o w n for a f u r t h e r p e r i o d of f i v e y e a i > . T h e S e n i o r unoff ic ia l m e m b e r , t h e H o n o u r a b l e 1 S . .J . F o r s t c r , h a s r e p r e s e n t e d B a t h u r s t l i ke h i s fathe*r before* h i m for o v e r t w e n t y veto 's . H e w a s m a d e an M . n . K . on t h e K i n g ' s B i r t h d a y .
A f t e r n e a r l y f o r t y y e a r s ' r e s i d e n c e in t h i s C o l o n v t h e Kevereaiel M o t h e r Je>seph of t h e C o n g r e g a t i o n e>f S t . J o s e p h e>f C l u n y dice! in J u n e . The* d e c e a s e d l a d y , w h o w a s h i g h l y r e s p e c t e d , he ld t h e M e m b e r s h i p of t h e O l d e r e>f t h e B r i t i s h E m p i r e . H e r f u n e r a l w a s t h e o c c a s i o n for a r e m a r k a b l e m a n i f e s t a t i o n of p u b l i c s y m p a t h y on t h e p a r t of t h e w h o l e c o m m u n i t y , M a h o m m e d a n a s wel l as C h r i s t i a n .
I I .—Finance .
T h e r e v e n u e a n d e x p e n d i t u r e for t h e last five y e a r s h a s been : —
Year.
11)24
15)27
It crett nr.
407, ">N I 2(>8,<;i;5 IH9,(M> 214,181 252 ,419
Espvtclitare.
21 7 2o;>>,<;;{5 27i,s;{»; 2i:i,i;4H 27 7,r<25
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i< i.-uio i 84,171
Snrphts af
Lntttt ami Li ibilitip.it.
148 ,058 J 75 ,030 1 0 4 v 4 3 o !ir>jn; 109 ,340
T h e r e v e n u e in 11)23 i n c l u d e d £ 1 7 7 , 8 9 3 , p a r t of a loan f rom t h e W e s t A f r i c a n C u r r e n c y B o a r d t o c o v e r t h e loss on d e m o n e t i s a t i o n .
T h e e x p e n d i t u r e in 1 9 2 5 i n c l u d e d £ 3 2 , 5 4 ( > for t h e wrl ; Ing off of t h e r i ce find seed n u t d e b t s of t h e P r o t e c t o r a t e .
T h e e x p e n d i t u r e in 1 9 2 7 i n c l u d e d t h e s u m of £ . 1 0 , 0 0 0 w h i c h w a s s e t a s i d e for t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t of a R e s e r v e F u n d ,
T h e l i a b i l i t y t o t h e W e s t A f r i c a n C u r r e n c y B o a r d i n c u r r e d in 1 9 2 2 \ t a s r e d u c e d d u r i n g t h e y e a r b y £ 1 9 , 4 3 0 .
C u s t o m s r e c e i p t s , wh ich r e p r e s e n t e d (18 p e r c e n t of t h e to t a l r e v e n u e of t h e C o l o n y , b r o u g h t in £ 1 7 2 , 8 8 7 a s a g a i n s t £ 1 4 1 , 0 0 3 t h e y e a r b e f o r e .
A c o m p a r i s o n of t h e fou r e h i e l i t e m s of d u t y d u r i n g t h e las t ( i r e y e a r s i n d i c a t e s an i m p r o v e m e n t in r e v e n u e w i t h an i n c r e a s e d g r o u n d n u t c r o p .
Year,
1024 1925 11)20 1927
• • . • . «
Krptirt Dill if. (1 i'ol(t((/illtfx.
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30,5 Hi IK,xr,7 1 D.821 2 . -U18 2(5.797
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£ 15 ,308 11,172 1 0 , 7 4 8 11 ,855 17 ,347
T h e cos t p r i c o of i n v e s t m e n t s he ld a t t h e (dose of 1 9 2 7 w a s £ 2 4 7 , 2 4 6 . T i n s e c u r i t i e s d e p r e c i a t i o n fund of £ 1 3 , 2 3 7 c o v e r s m o r e t b a n t w i c e o v e r t h e p r e s e n t d e p r e c i a t i o n of t h e s u r p l u s f u n d s i n v e s t m e n t s .
I I I . - P r o d u c t i o n .
T h e t o t a l / a i m 1 of e x p o r t s w a s £!)!)!) .()()() . K x c c p l f o r p a l m k e r n e l s . 7 l ! > t o n s v a l u e d a t £ 1 1. and h i d e s . (> v a l u e d a t l '!).!>SK, t h e
s o l e e x p o . - ! of t h e ( i a m l ) i a is g r o u n d n u t s , o n w h i c h ;in e x p o r t d u l v o f £ \ a t o o , l a i s i d f iosn oj- iii 1N(>2 t o (i/s in 1*7 1 a n d t o i t s p r e s e n t r a t e in i !>'J0, \> l e v i e d .
' D i e t o n n a g e a n d v a l u e of t h e c r o p fo r t h e la>f f ive y e a r s h a s b e e n
a s f o l l o w s : —
(JHitn(it if in Tnn.<. fH f t ' .
1 i»2:5 n>24
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Si, I.:-'S,» s<; i.i )•.>."> i'l
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T h e m a i n p i r c e n t a g e d i s t i i h u t i o u of t h e g r o u n d nut e x p o r t t r a d e d u i i n y l l iesc \ e a r s h a s h e e n : —
Year. Ilritish. Fri'in-li. (irrimiil. lhih-h.
ii).2:;
ll»2o i i )2i ; 11)27
47 f>;"> 40 4 0
:•$;-> 2i; 42
14 2 0
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1 0
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A n inc reased e i o p of g r o u n d n u t s w a s set oil hv a p o o r h a r v e s t of c o r n a n d o t h e r food stuff's, hu t t h e y e a r was o n e of g r e a t e r p r o s p e r i t y t o t h e f a r m e r s , who r epa id p r o m p t l y t h e 7 0 0 tons of seed, n u t s a n d 1)20 t o n s of r iec which were i sn icd to t h e m d u r i n g t h e r a i n s .
T h e r e a r e no a c c u r a t e s t a t i s t i c s of t h e a m o u n t of food stuffs g r o w n in t h f P r o t e c t o r a t e a n d c o n s u m e d t h e r e . T h e r ice a n d o t h e r c r o p s suffer m u c h d a m a g e from t h e d e p r e d a t i o n s of wild h c a s t s in s p i t e of t h e i ssue of g u n p o w d e r for sho t g u n s on a e o n s i d e r a h l e s c a l e . T h e r e a r e sti i l la rye a r e a s of u n c l e a r e d l and in w h i c h s u c h h c a s t s t a k e r e f u g e .
C a t t l e d i s e a s e was a g a i n r i fe in m a n y d i s t r i c t s a n d b e t w e e n f i f teen a n d t w e n t y t h o u s a n d h e a d w e r e los t .
I n t h e a b s e n c e of exper t - o p i n i o n it is be l ieved t h a t p l e u r o - p u e u m o n i a , a s in 1 9 1 7 w h e n t h e h e r d s were, d e c i m a t e d , w a s t h e c a u s e . W h a t e v e r i t m a y be t h e flesh of m a n y a n i m a l s d y i n g of t h e s i c k n e s s i s e a t e n b y t h e p e o p l e w i t h o u t a n y ill effects .
IV.—Trade a n d E c o n o m i c s .
T i n 1 f o l l o w i n g t a b l e s h o w s t h e b a l a n c e of t r a d e ( e x c l u s i v e of s p e c i e ) d u r i n g t h e l a s t five y e a r s : —
Year. Afj'iri'ffutt1. E.rj to )'(.<„ I hi lance of
Ksport* over IHtportt> in £%
1024 1025
1 0 2 7
i,")i;:').(t")'.i l . ; ; : ;s , ;Vl,s 1,."».").), .'jo.') :,.m;-2.: ,)7C)
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o n ; , 0 5 l \ 15C.041 so:i.:s50 : 22;}.<;50 722,021. 10i',.i;o4
T h e l a r g e s t i n c r e a s e s of i m p o r t s w e r e in v k : e a n d s u g a r ,
R i c o . . . S u g a r . . .
1920 Tons.
4.(0 2 0 2 5
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w h i l s t k o l a m i l s s h o w e d a s l i g h t d e c r e a s e in v a l u e .
I/tcreuxe.
15,457
K o l a s 17,450 08,4 73 I 21,002 07,0b7 500
( r r c a t B r i t a i n s u p p l i e d m o s t of t h e f o l l o w i n g g o o d s : —
A p p a r e 1 h a g s , c o a l , c o t t o n s , m e t a l s , m o t o r . ' i t s , o i ls c d i h l o a n d s p i r i t s pot ; .
8
F r o m F r a n c e w e r e o b t a i n e d m o s t of t h e b i s c u i t s , b o o t s , h a t s , r i c e , s u g a r , s o a p a n d w f n e s , a n d f r o m t h e U n i t e d S l a t e s ( lou r , o i l s n o t e d i b l e a n d t o b a c c o .
T h e p e r c e n t a g e of i m p o r t s for t h e last l ive y e a r s h a s b e e n : —
1 1
19*'! !
10*4 | V.W i
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| 10M
• i
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i
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\ 1
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1 •> ' J o | 17 | 27 2;> • ;n. G e r m a n y . . . : 1 i 1 (I ; s • 1
i «> I <;
U n i t e d ' s t a t e s 5 1 5 ! 4 ; » >
Tin* p r o g r e s s of t r a d e in 1U27 m a y !>> h r i e l l y s u m m a r i s e d f o l l o w s . Grea t B r i t a i n sol 1 to t h e C o l o n y uu r e h a m l i s e to t h e va of £;>3U>'>;> a n d t o o k p r o l u c e to t h * v a l u e of o n l y £81 ,000 , in w h i c h t h e p r i n c i p a l i t e m is 4.400 t o n s of g r o u n d n u t s , a n d for t h i s s m a l l q u a n t i t y of t h e C o l o n y ' s s t a p l e p r o d u c t a not less f a v o u r a b l e m a r k e t c o u l d r e a d i l y be f o u n d e l s e w h e r e .
F r a n c e so ld m e r c h a n d i s e to t h e v a l u e of £2(54,000 a n d p u r c h a s e d p r o d u c e to t h e v a l u e of £420 ,000 . G e r m a n y a n d H o l l a n d s o l d m e r c h a n d i s e to t h e v a l u e of £48 ,000 a n d £11 ,000 r e s p e c t i v e l y , a n d e a c h p u r c h a s e d p r o d u c e to t h e v a l u e of a p n r o x i m a t c l y £200,000.
V . — C o m m u n i c a t i o n s .
5f>y s h i p s of 1 ,287,018 t o n s e n t e r e d a n d c l e a r e d in Ji>27, as c o m p a r e d w i t h 5 5 2 s h i p s of 1 ,255,241 t o n s in 1D2C 6 3 p e r c e n t w e r e B r i t i s h , 11 p e r c e n t F r e n c h , t h e r e m a i n d e r b e i n g of G e r m a n , N o r w e g i a n , A m e r i c a n , a n d I t a l i an n a t i o n a l i t y . T h e s e f igures h o w e v e r d o n o t r e p r e s e n t t h e s h a r e w h i c h B r i t i s h s h i p p i n g t a k e s in t h e c a r r y i n g t r a d e of t h e C o l o n y . I t is e s t i m a t e d t h a t B r i t i s h s h i p s d o not b r i n g m o r e t h a n t w o - f i f t h s of t h e to t a l i m p o r t s , w h i l e p r a c t i c a l l y all (l ie p r o d u c e of t h e G a m b i a is e x p o r t e d in f o r e i g n ves se l s a n d n i n e -t e n t h s of i t to f o r e i g n p o r t s .
I I . M. S. " D e l p h i n i u m " v i s i t ed B a t h u r s t on t h r e e o c c a s i o n s d u r i n g t h e y e a r a n d in J a n u a r y t h e A m e r i c a n y a c h t " U t o w a n a " , o w n e d b y M r . A l i s o n A r m o u r of C h i c a g o t o o k a p a r t y of b o t a n i s t s u p t h e r i v e r .
N a v i g a t i o n h a s b e e n as s i s t ed b y t h e o p e n i n g of t h e l i g h t o n Bi jo l I s l a n d ,
M a n y s m a l l c ra f t p l y o n t h e r i v e r a n d t h e G o v e r n m e n t baa m a i n t a i n e d a r e g u l a r s e r v i c e of s t e a m e r s w h i c h h a v e c a r r i e d o v e r 15,000 p a s s e n g e r s a n d a l a r g e q u a n t i t y of f r e i g h t d u r i n g t h e y e a r .
9
Sil icic* J a n u a r y a f e r ry s e r v i c e b e t w e e n B a t h u r s t a n d B a r r a h a s b e e n r u n ns a p r i v a t e e n t e r p r i s e . R o a d s a l so h a v e b e e n i m p r o v e d i n t h e P r o t e c t o r a t e , a n d t r a n s p o r t b y l o r ry is n o w s u p e r s e d i n g d o n k e y l o a d s n e a r l y e v e r y w h e r e , w i t h t h e r e s u l t t h a t t h e d u r a t i o n of t h e a c t u a l b u y i n g s ea son is m u c h r e d u c e d a n d t h o u g h it e x t e n d s n o m i n a l l y f r o m D e c e m b e r t o M a y m o s t of tin* c r o p is sold b y t h e e n d of F e b r u a r y .
A s l i g h t i n c r e a s e w a s r e c o r d e d in t h e n u m b e r of l e t t e r s h a n d l e d J ' m g t h e y e a r , 2 7 0 , 4 2 0 a s a g a i n s t 2 (53 ,9o7 in 192<b £ 1 2 , 0 0 0 m o r e . . m o n e y o r d e r s a n d £ 1 , 0 0 0 n a r e of p o s t a l o r d e r s w e r e i s s u e d , a n d t h e t r a v e l l i n g pos t offices on t h e G o v e r n m e n t s t e a m e r s a r e g r a d u a l l y d o i n g m o r e b u s i n e s s .
O w i n g t o the. r e s t r i c t e d fac i l i t i e s of c o m m u n i c a t i o n tin1, a i r m a i l service 1 f rom D a k a r to H u r n p c w a s not so f r e q u e n t l y a n a ' a b l e a s in 1 9 2 0 .
T h e w i r e l e s s s t a t i o n s u p r i v e r a t B a s s e , K n n t a u r a n d G e o r g e t o w n s e n t a n d r e c e i v e d t>,o41 m e s s a g e s as a g a i n s t 4,2(>7 h\>{ y e a r .
V I . — J u s t i c e , P o l i c e a n d P r i s o n s .
I n t h e S u p r e m e C o u r t t h e r e we re o n l y 17 c r i m i n a l e a s e s , t h e l o w e s t n u m b e r for t h e l a s t five y e a r s , b u t on t h e c iv i l s i de 3 0 c a s e s w e r e d e c i d e d a s a g a i n s t a in 1 9 2 6 .
S ince 1 1 9 2 2 t h e r e h a s b e e n a s t e a d y d e c l i n e in t h e n u m b e r of c a s e s in t h e P o l i c e M a g i s t r a t e ' s C o u r t a t B a t h u r s t . A s h a r p r i se in l a r c e n y c a s e s f r om o 4 in 192(J t o 9 4 in 1 9 2 7 h a s o c c u r r e d , h o w e v e r , w h i c h w a s ch ie f ly d u e to t h e l a r g e inf lux of f o r e i g n c a s u a l l a b o u r .
I n t h e P r o t e c t o r a t e t h e N a t i v e T r i b u n a l s h a v e d i s p o s e d of m o r e c a s e s t h a n in p r e v i o u s y e a r s a n d t h e i r eff iciency h a s b e e n i n c r e a s e d . T h e c a u t i o u s m e m b e r w h o is a f r a i d of u n p o p u l a r i t y s h o u l d h e b e h e a r d t o c o n c u r in t h e inf l ic t ion of a s e v e r e s e n t e n c e , a n d t h e o l d s i l e n t m e m b e r w h o o n l y o p e n s h i s m o u t h t o e x p r e s s a g r e e m e n t w i t h t h e o p i n i o n of t h e p r e s i d e n t h a v e g i v e n w a y t o m o r e useful m e n .
T h e m a i n b o d y of P o l i c e a r e s t a t i o n e d in B a t h u r s t . T h e r e a r e t h r e e s m a l l p o s t s a t G e o r g e t o w n , B a s s e a n d F a t t o t o . W a r d e r d u t y is c a r r i e d o u t b y t h e P o l i c e a t t h e B a t h u r s t a n d G e o r g e t o w n G a o l s . T h e y a l so a c t a s f i r e m e n . F o u r fires b r o k e o u t in B a t h u r s t d u r i n g t h e y e a r . T h e y w e r e al l q u i c k l y go t u n d e r , a s t h e w a t e r s u p p l y a n d p r e s s u r e h a s b e e n i m p r o v e d . A n e x c e l l e n t B a n d is m a i n t a i n e d b y t h e F o r c e , b u t it is diff icul t t o i n d u c e s u i t a b l e b o y s t o j o i n n c a l l y .
10
I n t h e a n n u a l m u s k e t r y e >urse t l ic f igure of m e r i t w a s GO o u t of a p o s s i b l e 9 0 .
T h e n u m b e r of e a s e s r e p o r t e d to t h e P o l i c e w a s b e l o w t h e a v e r a g e of t h e last five y e a r s , t h o s e for l a r c e n y r e p r e s e n t i n g n e a r l y h a l f t h e t o t a l d e a l t w i t h .
T h e o r i g i n a l G a o l a t P a t h u r s t s t o o d in t h e s q u a r e , a n d was c o n v e r t e d i n t o *he e l e c t r i c p o w e r s t a t i o n t w o y e a r s a g o . T h e p r e s e n t G a o l is s i t u a t e d a l o n g t h e G a p e road a n d wa.s bu i l t in t h e first i n s t a n c e a s a S a n i t a r y I s o l a t i o n S t a t i o n . T h e t o t a l n u m b e r of p r i s o n e r s a d m i t t e d in 1 9 2 7 w a s .°>34 a n d t h e d a i l y a v e r a g e w a s 8 2 , m o s t of t h e m s h o r t s e n t e n c e m e n .
V I L — P u b l i c W o r k s .
T h e s l i p w a y is now u n d e r c o n s t r u e t i o n . I t wi l l , w h e n c o m p l e t e d , t a k e s h i p s u p to 4 0 0 t o n s a n d will be a v a i l a b l e for t le j p u b l i c as w e l l a s f o r G o v e r n m e n t c r a f t . ftlcetrie h a u ' a g o will b e s u p p l i e d f r o m t h e P o w e r S t a t i o n . T h e , i n s t a l l e d p o w e r t h e r e c o n s i s t s of t w o 100 k i l o w a t t *ets a n d o n e oO k i l o w a t t >ot. T h e m a x i m u m o b s e r v e d p e a k load. ')n t h e s t a t i o n is 10* k i l o w a t t s . X s m a l l e r p l a n t is t o be e r e c t e d i n o r d e r to g i v e a c o n t i n u o u s 24 h o u r service, , a s the; a b s e n c e of a n y a p p r e c i a b l e d a y l o a d h a s n e c e s s i t a t e d t h e a d d i t i o n of a s m a l l e r g e n e r a t i n g u n i t . A l l t h e p r i n c i p a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in B a t h u r s t a r e n o w c o n s u m e r * of c u r r e n t for l i g h t i n g p u r p o s e s , a n d t h e d e m a n d f r o m p r i v a t e p e r s o n s in t h e t o w n is g r o w i n g g r a d u a l l y .
T h e s c h e m e p r o v i d e d for t h e r a i s i n g of p r e s s u r e in t h e t o w n m a i n s l o r l i re f i gh t ing p u r p o s e s is o p e r a t i n g s u c c e s s f u l l y o v e r t h e w h o l e a r e a s u p p l i e d w i d i p i p e - b o r n e w a t e r , a n d fire p r e s s u r e s c a n be r a i s e d f o u r m i n u t e s a f t e r t h e r e c e i p t of a n a l a r m .
T h e r e c l a m a t i o n of s w a m p l a n d a t t h e b a c k of t h e t o w n h a s b e e n c a r r i e d on d u r i n g t h e y e a r . P r o g r e s s h a s b e e n m u c h s l o w e r t h a n was a n t i c i p a t e d a n d t h e q u e s t i o n a s to w h e t h e r d r y fi l l ing s h o u l d be s u b s t i t u t e d for d r e d g i n g is u n d e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n .
V I J L — P i i b l i o H e a l t h .
I n s p i l e of a b n o r m a l r a i n s , 77 i n c h e s h a v i n g b e e n r e g i s t e r e d a t v a p e S u M a r y , wh ich is n e a r l y d o u b l e t h e a v e r a g e of t h e l a s t 40 y e a r s , t h e y e a r p a s s e d w i t h o u t a n y s e r i o u s v i s i t a t i o n s .
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A n e w Factor in 1 IK* s i t u a t i o n is t h a t ' p e r s o n s l e a v i n g i n f e c t e d a r e a s in S e n e g a l a r r i v e in B a t h u r s t w i l h i n t h e o n i i n a i y i n c u b a t i o n pe r iod o w i n g t o m o t o r t r a n s p o r t . ( i r e a t v i g i l a n c e t h e r e f o r e h a s to he e x e r c i s e d , a n d a h e a \ v r e s p o n s i b i l i t y is t h r o w n o n t h e m e d i c a l author i : i«-s who e l a b o u r s wou ld he m a t e r i a l l y lessened if it w e r e poss ib le t o o b t a i n a b e t t e r t r a i n e d M a l l of s u b o r d i n a t e s . F x c c p t lo r an a t t a c k of r e l a p s i n g f e v e r in t h e S o u t h B a n k P r o v i n c e wh ich c a u s e d O U T 2 0 0 d e a t h s t h e h e a l t h c o n d i t i o n s in t h e P r o t e c t o r a t e wen* g o o d . S o m e ' t h o u s a n d s of o u t - p a t i e n t s a t t e n d e d t h e d i spen . - a r i e s at K a u r a n d P a s s e . B e s i d e s t h e w o r k d o n e on t h e spot by t h e d i s p e n s e r a c o n s i d e r a b l e n u m b e r of e a s e s , wh ich o t h e r w i s e w o u l d n e v e r h a w g o u t 1 t h e r e , r e q u i r i n g h o s p i t a l t r e a t m e n t h a v e b e e n sent t o G e o r g e t o w n . P e o p l e a r e b e g i n n i n g t o real ise ' t h e benefit of h o s p i t a l t r e a t m e n t at G e o r g e t o w n , w h e r e 1 9 2 p a t i e n t s we re r e c e i v e d , a p a r t f rom HA~>2 o u t - p a t i e n t s d u r i n g tin* yi a r .
P a t h u r s ! wi th a p o j u l a t i o u o f 1 0 . 2 N : > h a s a b i r t h r a t e of 2 7 * 0 3 a n d a d e a t h r a t e of .5 -P71 p e r t h o u s a n d . T h a n k s to t h e e t for l s of t h e W o m e n a n d C h i l d r e n W e l f a r e C l i n i c in fan t m o r t a l i t y h a s b e e n r e d u c e d t o S(S us a g a i n s t a r a t e o f :> 1 7 pe r t h o u s a n d for t h e res t of t h e c o m m u n i t y . B a b y D a y w a s a g r e a t s u c c e s s a n d h a s b e c o m e an a n n u a l i n s t i t u t i o n . T h e c a p a c i t y o f t h e C o l o n i a l H o s p i t a l in B a t h u r s t ha* b e e n h e a v i l y t a x e d w i th 7SS i n - p a t i e n t s a n d I # , 7 . M ) o u t - p a t i e n t s .
I X . — E d u c a t i o n .
Before ; t h e s t a n d a r d of e d u c a t i o n in t h e C o l o n y c a n be c o n s i d e r e d a t all s a t i s f a c t o r y it is n e c e s s a r y to r a i s e t h e q u a l i t y a n d s t a t u s of t h e t e a c h e r s a n d to s e c u r e the* r e g u l a r a t t e n d a n c e 1 of t h e p u p i l s . T o o m a n y p a r e n i s r e m o v e t h e i r c h i l d r e n a t an e a r l y a g e , a n d n o t m o r e t h a n (10 p'»r c e n t of t h o s e in t h e e l e m e n t a r y schoo l s g o h i g h e r t h a n t h e f o u r t h s t a n d a r d .
T h e n u m b e r p a s s i n g I ron , e l e m e n t a r y t o s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s is s m a l l a n d d u r i n g t h e y e a r o n l y H 1 b o y s a n d 7 2 g i r l s w e r e on t h e r e g i s t e r s of t h e l a t t e r . I n B a t h u r s t L . 0 3 1 c h i l d r e n w e n t t o t h e a l l i l i a t ed schoo l s a n d 2(54 t o t h e M a h o m m e d a n s c h o o l .
T h e r e is no s y s t e m of k i n d e r g a r t e n t r a i n i n g , b u t p h y s i c a l d r i l l h a s b e e n i n t r o d u c e d a n d h a s g i v e n a n e w i n t e r e s t t o s c h o o l l i fe .
T w o b o y s a r e b e i n g e d u c a t e d at F o u r a h B a y C o l l e g e , S i e r r a L e o n e , h a v i n g won s c h o l a r s h i p s f rom t h e G a m b i a , a n d t w o h o y s s u c c e e d e d in p a s s i n g t h e C a m b r i d g e S c h o o l Ce r t i f i c a t e 1 e x a m i n a t i o n .
A p a r t f rom M a h o m m e d a n b u s h schoo l s t h e on ly e d u c a t i o n a v a i l a b l e in t h e P r o t e c t o r a t e is a t G e o r g e t o w n . T h e W e s l e y a n M i s s i o n h a s
12
m a i n t a i n e d a d a y schoo l t h e r e for o v e r a c e n t u r y a n d h a s 7 2 p u p i l s o n i t s h o o k s a t t h e p r e s e n t t i m e . O n N e w Y e a r ' s d a y t h e A r m i t a g e S c h o o l for M a h o m m e d a n s w a s o p e n e d a t G e o r g e t o w n , t h e b u i l d i n g s of t h e f o r m e r C a t h o l i c S c h o o l now c losed d o w n h a v i n g b e e n t a k e n o v e r b y t h e G o v e r n m e n t a n d e n l a r g e d . T h i r t y - s i x b o a r d e r s a n d f o r t y - s e v e n d a y b o y s a r e n o w o n t h e b o o k s a n d i t is e x p e c t e d t h a t t h e n u m b e r s wi l l soon i n c r e a s e . I n a d d i t i o n to t h e K o r a n , a c u r r i c u l u m of p r a c t i c a l u s e t o t h e c h i l d r e n , w h o a r e n e a r l y all s o n s of f a r m e r s , h a s b e e n d r a w n u p , w h i c h i n c l u d e s e l e m e n t a r y i n s t r u c t i o n in a g r i c u l t u r e .
X.—Lands and S u r v e y .
A n e w r a t i n g list w a s c o m p i l e d for t h e t o w n of B a t h u r s t a s n o g e n e r a l r e a s s e s s m e n t h a d been m a d e s i n c e 1 9 2 2 w h e n p r i c e s a n d v a l u e s w e r e at t h e i r h e i g h t . U p t o t e n s h i l l i n g s a y a r d for f r e e h o l d l a n d n e a r t h e m a i n s t r e e t is p a i d , b u t f ew f r e e h o l d s n o w c h a n g e h a n d s in B a t h u r s t , a n d u n t i l m o r e l a n d is r e c l a i m e d o v e r c r o w d i n g is i n e v i t a b l e . E v e r y a v a i l a b l e y a r d of l a n d which is n o t f r eeho ld h a s b e e n l ea sed b y t h e G o v e r n m e n t .
I n t h e P r o t e c t o r a t e t h e r e a r e n o f r e e h o l d s , b u t sma l l lo t s f o r t r a d i n g s t a t i o n s a r e l ea sed fo r £ 3 a y e a r a n d u p w a r d s .
T h e r e a r e 3 m a i n t y p e s of l a n d s u r f a c e , c o n s i s t i n g of u n d u l a t i n g s a n d b i l l s 4 1 p e r c e n t , p l a t e a u 2 7 p e r c e n t a n d r i v e r Hats 2 4 p e r c e n t , w a t e r m a k i n g u p t h e r e m a i n i n g 8 p e r c e n t of t h e 4 , 0 0 0 s q u a r e m i l e s of t h e G a m b i a .
I r o n s t o n e r i d g e s a r e a n o t a b l e f e a t u r e of t h e u p p e r r e a c h e s of t h e r i v e r : t h e r e is b u t l i t t l e soil on t h e m . W h e r e t h e y g i v e w a y t o t h e l i g h t soil p l a i n s , t h e g r o u n d is e x c e l l e n t for g r o u n d n u t s , k o o s , c a s s a v a a n d o t h e r food stuffs . A s m a l l s e c o n d a r y fo res t c o v e r s m o s t of t h e a r e a w h e n no t c l e a r e d for f a r m s . T h e Ha t s , a s o n e p r o c e e d s u p r i v e r , f o r m g o o d r ice f ields, b u t t h o s e n e a r t h e m o u t h a r c use less f o r c u l t i v a t i o n b e c a u s e of t h e e x t e n s i v e m a n g r o v e s w a m p s .
T h e s p a c e a v a i l a b l e f' r p r o d u c t i o n in t h e P r o t e c t o r a t e is l i m i t e d to a b o u t o n e ha l f of t h e t o t a l a r e a , b u t u n t i l a n a c c u r a t e s u r v e y is m a d e n o r e l i a b l e s t a t i s t i c s c a n b e g i v e n ,
XI.—Labour .
I n B a t h u r s t t h e r e w a s n o s h o r t a g e of l a b o u r e i t h e r s k i l l e d o r u n s k i l l e d , a n d t h e G o v e r n m e n t , w h i c h e m p l o y s a b o u t 3 0 0 m e n , w a s a b l e to c a r r y o u t u s p r o g r a m m e w i t h o u t d i t h c u l t y . T h e u s u a l r a t e is 1/6 a d a v for a 4 7 h o u r s wee!: . T h e t e n d e n c y fo r y o u t h s of t h e a r t i s a n c l a s s t o s eek c l e r i c a l r a t h e r t h a n m a n u a l w o r k is a s m a r k e d h e r e a s e l s e w h e r e .
13
I n t h e P r o t e c t o r a t e t h e l a n d is c u l t i v a t e d n o t o n l y b y t h e o w n e r s b u t b y a f loat ing 1 p o p u l a t i o n of s t r a n g e f a r m e r s w h o c o m e f r o m n e i g h b o u r i n g C o l o n i e s , j u s t a s t h e I r i s h h a r v e s t e r s used t o c o m e t o E n g l a n d , a n d r e t u r n to t h e i r h o m e s a f t e r t h e c r o p h a s b e e n g a t h e r e d * T h e i r n u m b e r s v a r y a c c o r d i n g t o local p r o s p e c t s a n d i n d u c e m e n t s . S i n c e 1 9 2 2 less t h a n 2 0 , 0 0 0 h a v e c ro s sed t h e f r o n t i e r s a n n u a l l y , b u t t h i s y e a r 1 7 , 2 3 7 we re c o u n t e d i •> c o m p a r e d w i th I 3,5.33 l a s t yea . ' .
X I I — Misce l l aneous .
T e n O r d i n a n c e s a n d e i g h t R e g u l a t i o n s w e r e p a s s e d d u r i n g t i n 1 y e a r ; n o n e of t h e m w e r e of o u t s t a n d i n g i m p o r t a n c e .
F o r t h e first t i m e in t h e a n n a l s of t h e G a m b i a a n i n t e r - c o l o n i a l c r i c k e t m a t c h was p l a y e d a t F r e e t o w n b e t w e e n r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of t h i s C o l o n y a n d S i e r r a L e o n e , T h e r e s u l t w a s a win for t h e G a m b i a b y n i n e w i c k e t s .
3ht May, 192S.
C . I t . M . W O R K M A N .
Colonial Secretary.
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A P P K X I M X I.
P r i n c i p a l F i r m s , e t c .
T h r t f o l l o w i n g a r c (ho p r i n c i p a l f i rms c a r r y i n g on w g e n e r a l i m p o r t a n d e x p o r t ( r adc :- —
Xana*. A(ldrrs>t Address In Kitm/ie (if an y ) .
A f r i c a n a n d Kas tcrn T r a lc W e l l i n g t o n Roya l L i v e r B u i l d i n g , C o r p o r a t i o n , Ll I. S t ree t L h e r p o d .
E t n b l i s s e n n ' u t s P a r t h e s et ,S, ( o u r s d.» i h>ur«pu\ P>or~ L 's ici ir . 1 d e a n x .
B a l h u r s l T i m l i n - C o . , L td . „ ;JI, Leu l<mlnll S l r c c l , L o n d o n . \
K t a b ! i - " : n mi:s M a m v l et „ I ,S. I?m• P o r t - D i j e a u x , P r o m . P o n h n u x .
Comp. r - rn i e F r a n c a i s o de . „ ;5'>, C o u r s P i e r r e P u g e t , r A l r i q i i e ( > v i d e n t a l < \ Marse i l l e s .
G a m b i a Tim lin^< #«>. . . . B u c k l e S t r ee t T.l. W a t e r S ( n u 4 , J A v e r p o o l . M a u r e i P i v r e s W e l l i n g t o n C>, Quai L ou i s X V I I I , B o r -
Sli 'eet dea t ix . L o u i s Vexia A: Co „ N;>, ( ' o u r s d e V e r d u n , B o r -
i d e a u x . P a h n i n e , Lt<L M o o r y a t e H a l l , F i n s b u r y
» P a v e m e n t , L o n d o n , K.(J%
V . Q. P e t e r s e n j
v A l l t h e a b o v e l i n n s a r e r e p r e s e n t e d on t h e B a t h u r s t C h a m b e r of C o m m e r c e .
A P P E N D I X I I .
L i s t of Barr i s t er s , So l i c i t or s , a n d P a t e n t A g e n t s .
B a r r i s t e r . ' a r e e n t i t l e d to p r a c t i s e a s .solicitors a n d r/cr rcrsa* * S. d . K o r s t e r , M . A . , B . C . L . ( O x o n ) . B a r r i s t e r - a t - L a w ,
W e l l i n g t o n h n e e L * I , J , R o b e r t s , (5, B u c k l e S t r e e t . * M . d . IC P r a t t . M . A . , B . C . L . ( D u r h a m ) , B a r r i s t c r - a t - L a w ,
. \ l l e n S t r e e t . f ( i . K , R o b e r t s , (J, B u c k l e S t r e e t . S . B a r l a t t , M . A . , B , C . L , ( D u r h a m ) , B a r r i s ! < * r - a t - E a w , L e m a n
S t r e e t . W . 1), C a r r o l , B . A . , B . C . L . ( O x o n ) , B a r r i s t e r - a l ~ L a \ v , Pic t on
S t r e e t , ( L S . W . L a d e p o n T h o m a s , B a r r i s t e r - a t - L a w , C l a r k s o n S t r e e t . S . A . B c n k a - C o k c r , B a r r i s t c r - a t - L a w , A l l e n S t r e e t .
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2829
THE EMPIRE'S AGRICULTURE
A n historical event of importance in the development of the Empire's Agriculture took place towards the close of 1927. The foundations were, it is believed, then laid for the ultimate creation of a real and effective British agricultural commonwealth. T h e occasion was the Imperial Agricultural Research Conference held in Great Britain in October and November, 1927, which was attended by delegates of high standing from all countries in the Empire. .
" The Report of the Imperial Agricultural Research Conference," just issued, contains a full account of the events leading up to the Conference, the recommendations (both in full and in summary form) there made and the views expressed by the highest authorities on agriculture in all quarters of the Empire. The recommendations deal with the following subjects: — The establishment of an Imperial chain of Agricultural Research Stations. The establishment of Imperial clearing houses of information. The recruitment, training and interchange of scientific workers in agriculture for the whole Empire. T h e action immediately necessary to secure co-operative work in such specialist subjects as Veterinary Science, Animal Nutrition and Genetics, Dairying, Soils and Fertilisers, Plant Breeding and Pathology, Fruit Growing, Entomology, Preservation and Transport, and Agr i cultural Economics.
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