annual report on the state of omelessness in western new york · there were a total of 7,948 people...

Annual Report on the State Of Homelessness in

the Erie-Niagara Metropolitan Area

2014 Niagara County

“Ending Homelessness does not mean that

nobody will become homeless, but that

effective systems will be in place to help

people become housed again rapidly.”

-Nan Roman President, National Alliance To End Homelessness

Table of Contents

Annual Report on the State of omelessness in Western New York

1

Table of Contents

Table of Contents ____________________________________________________________________ 1

Key Findings ________________________________________________________________________ 3

Recommendations ___________________________________________________________________ 4

Introduction ________________________________________________________________________ 5

SECTION 1: Overall Homelessness in Erie Niagara Metro Area (combined statistics) ______________ 8

SECTION 2: Niagara County Poverty Brief ________________________________________________ 15

SECTION 3: Overview of Homelessness in Niagara County __________________________________ 17

3.1 Emergency Shelter_________________________________________________________ 25

3.2 Homeless Veterans_____________________________________________________________32

3.3 Homeless or At Risk Homeless Children in School____________________________________33

3.4 Need for More Comprehensive Data Collection_______________________________________34

Appendix One: HMIS ________________________________________________________________ 35

Appendix Two: Estimated Homeless Count Methodology ___________________________________ 37

Appendix Three: List of Providers ______________________________________________________ 38

Appendix Four: Maps ________________________________________________________________ 40

Table of Contents


2

__________________________________________________________________________________ 41

Key Findings


3

Key Findings

This is our first report featuring combined statistics since we merged with Niagara County two

years ago. 7,948 people experienced homelessness in the Erie-Niagara region from October 1

2013 to September 30, 2014 (federal fiscal year). This will serve as a baseline for future reports.

6126 people in Erie County and 1888 people in Niagara County experienced homelessness (66

were served in both counties).

An estimated 1,115 people in the Erie-Niagara Region are homeless on any given night, 940

people in Erie County and 175 people in Niagara County.

The average length of stay in shelters is 26 days.

36% of people experienced homelessness lived with family or friends prior to becoming

homeless.

A total of 96 youth under 18 experienced homelessness, including unaccompanied youth and

teen mother with her child. A total of 65 young adult age 18-24 experienced homelessness.

Together they consist with 35% of the overall homeless population recorded in HMIS.

37% of people who experienced homelessness are African American, and 54% were white.

Comparing to people living in poverty, African American is over-represented in the homeless

population.

Limited HMIS participation makes it very challenging to estimate the overall homeless

population and the needs. HAWNY will continually work with providers to get on HMIS in order

to have a better picture of homelessness in Niagara County.

As a Continuum of Care, all of the providers are making substantial progress towards ending

Veterans homelessness and chronic homelessness. Ending homelessness does not mean that no

one will ever experience homelessness again but that effective systems will be put in place to

house people again rapidly.

Recommendations


4

Recommendations

There is tremendous need for safe affordable rental housing in the community. In addition to

overall affordable housing, Erie-Niagara region can use 500 single room occupancy units for

individuals.

With the freeze on new HUD funding for homeless programs efforts need to be increased to

identify new resources through local or state funding if we intend to have a positive impact on

those experiencing homelessness.

Emergency Solutions Grant (ESG) funds and CoC funds could be used for Rapid-Rehousing.

National research has indicated this model is successful in working with homeless families as

most people need only modest and short-term assistance. The Coordinated Entry system needs

to target this population for increased services and/or transitional housing in order to reduce

homelessness.

As more Rapid Re-housing funds become available, the funds need to be made available to

individuals as well as families.

The HAWNY staff will continue to research cost effective prevention strategies.

Expand the HMIS coverage rate and improve data quality to obtain a more comprehensive and

reliable data system. The trend in decision making and planning is to base funding decisions on

data. The more accurate and complete our data becomes the better planning and decision –

making this community will have.

Continue to refine the Coordinated Entry/Assessment process to ensure it adequately addresses

the needs of those experiencing homelessness.

As funding is reduced, we need to better coordinate available resources from federal, state,

local and the private sector to end homelessness. CDBG, HOME, general funds and tax credits

must be utilized for homeless populations.

More Living Wage jobs are needed in order to stem the rise of poverty and, as a result,

homelessness.

Now that the Continuum of Care includes Erie, Niagara, Genesee, Orleans and Wyoming

counties we need to develop partnerships to effectively assist those experiencing homelessness

and address the unique needs of those living in rural communities.

Introduction


5

Introduction The Homeless Alliance of Western New York is the designated Continuum of Care (CoC) agency for Erie County. As such,

it is responsible for compiling the annual Continuum of Care grant from the Department of Housing and Urban

Development (HUD). In July 2013, the Niagara County CoC merged with our CoC. By the end of 2013, most providers

were officially entering data into HMIS. This report covers the time period from 10/1/13 to 9/30/14.

In 2014, this grant awarded $103,696 in funding for one permanent supportive housing project in Niagara County. All

agencies awarded homeless funds from the Continuum of Care grant, or through the Emergency Solutions Grant fund

awarded by the city of Niagara Falls are required to input client data into a centralized Homeless Management

Information System (HMIS) that the Homeless Alliance of WNY maintains.

This report uses the 2014 Annual Homeless Assessment Report (AHAR) year (10/1/2013-10/1/2014) as the time frame

and is mostly reliant on data from the Homeless Management Information System (HMIS), known in Buffalo as Buffalo

Area Service Network (BAS-Net). This timeframe corresponds to the federal fiscal year. Many homelessness alleviation

providers use funds from the federal government. This time period is also used because the annual Niagara County

homelessness data is submitted to HUD to produce a national homelessness report for this time period.

Not all agencies in the community are required to use HMIS, though some choose to use it voluntarily, and others

choose not to participate in the system. As a result, estimation is necessary to discern some of the figures in this report.

Estimations are noted where they appear. Additional data was gathered from the annual Point-in-Time count, Housing

Inventory Chart, the unsheltered street counts, non-HMIS participating providers and the Erie and Niagara Counties’

Departments of Social Services. HAWNY would like to thank agencies for their willingness to share information, and

welcome those who are joining HMIS in the upcoming year.

Definition of Key Terms

1. Homeless Management Information System (HMIS): HMIS is a software application designed to record and

store client-level information on the characteristics and service needs of homeless persons. In Erie County, this

system is also called Buffalo Area System Network (Bas-Net).

2. Point-in-Time (PIT) Counts: One-night counts of both sheltered and unsheltered homeless populations. The one-

night counts are reported on CoC applications and reflect a single night during the last week in January. In

addition, we conducted a second Point-in-Time count on July 22, 2014.

3. Children: All persons under the age of 18.

4. Unaccompanied Youth: Unaccompanied individuals under the age of 25.

5. Sheltered: A homeless person who is in an emergency shelter, transitional housing, or safe haven program for

homeless persons.

6. Unsheltered: A homeless person who is living in a place not meant for human habitation, such as the streets,

abandoned buildings, vehicles, parks, and train stations.

7. Emergency Shelter (ES) - Housing in which homeless persons can access shelter immediately and reside for up

to 30 days. The primary function is to assist individuals in identifying causes of homelessness, accessing services

and securing the next appropriate level of housing.

Introduction


6

8. Code Blue: Seasonal shelter beds for days that are below 20 degree Fahrenheit.

9. Transitional Housing (TH) - Housing in which homeless persons can live for up to 24 months and receive

supportive services that will enable them to move to permanent housing and to live independently. The

program must include housing placement assistance.

10. Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH) - Housing in which homeless persons with a disability live without a limit

on the length of stay. Supportive services are provided and rent cannot exceed 30% of a person’s monthly

income. Programs may be a single site, scattered sites, or clustered units and includes rental assistance

programs (formerly known as Shelter Plus Care).

11. Safe Haven (SH) –Safe Havens are specialized housing programs for the very hard to serve homeless and

chronically homeless who are seriously and persistently mentally ill. A SH can be either transitional or

permanent housing. It serves persons who may or may not be willing to engage in treatment.

12. Chronic Homelessness: A chronically homeless person is defined as a homeless adult (single or with family) with

a disabling condition who has either been continually homeless for a year or more or who has had at least four

episodes of homelessness in the past 3 years. To be considered chronically homeless, a person must have been

on the streets or in emergency shelter (e.g. not in transitional or permanent housing) during these episodes.

13. Adult Only Household: Single adult persons or adults with adult companions that do not have a child in their

household.

14. Household with Children and Adults: A person in any household with at least one adult and one child present

regardless of whether the child(ren) is present for the full program stay.

15. Household with only Children: A person in any household in which all persons are younger than age 18.

16. Unknown Household Type: Households that cannot be classified in cases when one or more persons are missing

dates of birth. Note that in instances when the household already contains at least one known adult and one

known child, the household type can be determined and categorized as a Household with Children and Adults.

Erie Niagara Metro Area


7

Niagara County


8

SECTION 1: Overall Homelessness in Erie Niagara Metro Area (combined

statistics)

Total Estimates

There were a total of 7,948 people who experienced homelessness in

the Erie Niagara Metro area. This includes Erie and Niagara Counties

in a de-duplicated count imputing. 66 people received services in both

counties.

Current Bed Inventory

HMIS coverage Rate*

Dedicated Chronically Homeless Beds

Emergency Shelter 592 67% N/A

Rapid Rehousing 105 100% N/A

Transitional Housing 504 87% N/A

Permanent Supportive Housing 993 78%** 103

Safe Haven 16 100% N/A

TOTAL 2,210 87% 103

Table 2: Homeless Provider Coverage

*Denominator does not include statutory exclusions from HMIS, such as domestic violence shelters.

**The only provider that is not participating in HMIS is the HUD-VASH (Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing), which has 223 beds.

Point in Time

Unsheltered Homeless Count

Sheltered Homeless Count

Total

January 30, 2013 98 886 984

January 29, 2014 64 936 1,000 Table 3: Point in Time Counts 2013 and 2014

HUD requires each CoC across the nation to conduct an annual point in time count of both the sheltered and

unsheltered homeless during the last ten days of January. Homeless outreach workers and community volunteers went

to soup kitchens, homeless encampments, under bridges and other places where the homeless are known to congregate

to conduct the counts. The data collected was entered into HMIS to ensure an unduplicated count.

2014 HMIS

2014 Estimated Total Count

Total 4,432 7,948

Erie County 4,046 6,126

Niagara County 452 1,888

Both 66 66

Table 1: Total Estimated Count of Homeless

Niagara County


9

Point in time numbers are a one day snapshot of the homeless population. Due to the severity of the weather conditions

in the winter in Western New York, January is probably not the best time of the year to do a count. The number of

unsheltered homeless in January is most likely to be lower than during other times of the year. We estimated on any

given night, about 1,115 people experience homelessness, 940 in Erie County and 175 in Niagara County.

HMIS Data Individuals who experienced Homelessness recorded in HMIS

Total

Adults 3,081

Children 1,187

Missing Information 164

TOTAL 4,432

Table 4: Homeless Client Coverage

Of those who experienced homelessness in the Erie Niagara Metro area, we recorded a total of 4,432 clients, 3,474

households (both with and without children) which included 3,081 adults and 1,187 children in our HMIS system,

including 356 people under the age of 18 who were unaccompanied. 430 families, defined as a household with both a

child and a custodial adult, experienced homelessness in 2014. Not all shelter and service providers input data into HMIS,

so we consider this the minimum of people who experienced homelessness.

Gender

Adults experiencing homelessness

Total % Without Children

% With Children and Adults

%

Male 1,937 63% 1,847 71.7% 90 18%

Female 1,138 37% 722 28% 416 82%

Transgendered 6 0.2% 6 0.2% 0 0%

Total 3,081 2,575 506

Table 5: Adults Experiencing Homelessness

Gender is not evenly distributed among those experiencing homelessness, except for children with adult caregivers (52%

male and 48% female). A homeless adult with children is significantly more likely to be female. A homeless adult

without children is significantly more likely to be male.

Niagara County


10

Age

Figure 1: Age Distribution of all Homeless Persons

Figure 2: Age Distribution of Children

402

337

447

501

733

648

767

297

135

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Under 5 5 - 12 13 - 17 18 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 61 62+

390, 47%

319, 39%

118, 14%

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Under 5 5 - 12 13 - 17

Niagara County


11

Figure 3: Age Distribution of Adults in Households with Children

Figure 4: Women of all Races and Marital Statuses who Became Pregnant (by age)

18 - 24 168

25 - 34 208

35 - 44 126

45 - 54 39

55 - 61 4

62+ 0 0

50

100

150

200

250

18 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 61 62+

< 24 years , 29.50%

25 to 34 years , 40.90%

35 to 44 years , 10.80%

45-54 years, 0.00%

55-62 years, 0.00%

62+, 0.00% 0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

35.00%

40.00%

45.00%

< 24 years 25 to 34years

35 to 44years

45-54 years 55-62 years 62+

Niagara County


12

We notice two peaks in the homeless population: 25-34 and 45-54. This population distribution has been consistent in

Erie County since 2012.

There is nothing atypical about the age of homeless parents of small children relative to the general population. The

peak in age for homeless parents corresponds with the peak in age for women in the United States who become parents.

Policymakers seeking to end family homelessness should examine the role that having small children plays in

contributing to housing instability. Possible contributors could include the intersection of childcare expenses, low wages,

and being rent-burdened.

Just under half of all homeless children in adult-child households are not yet school age.

Ethnicity and Race

Figure 5: Ethnic Distribution of People Experiencing Homelessness

Non-Hispanic/Non-

Latino 83%

Hispanic/Latino 13%

Don't Know/Refused/

missing 4%

Niagara County


13

Figure 6: Racial Composition of People Experiencing Homelessness

Racial and ethnic minority populations are overrepresented in the homeless population relative to both the general

populations of the counties they come from and the populations of those in poverty. 54% of those in poverty in the

combined counties are white, while only 38% of the homeless are. 31% of the impoverished population in the two

county region are African American, but 51% of the homeless are. 10% of the impoverished population in the two

county region are Hispanic, but 12% of the homeless are.1

1 Data from 2013 US Census estimates for Erie and Niagara Counties.

White 38%

Black or African-American

51%

Asian 1%

American Indian or Alaska Native

1%

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific

Islander 0%

Multiple Races 4%

Don't Know/Refused/mis

sing 5%

Niagara County


14

SECTION 2: Niagara County Poverty Brief


15


Niagara Falls and Niagara County Basic Statistics

For the sake of comparison, this section will begin with general statistics on the demographics of the city of Niagara Falls and Niagara County, and then discuss some of the general facts of poverty in Niagara County. The demographic composition of Niagara Falls is as follows2

There are 49,468 residents in Niagara Falls

52.3% of residents are female, 47.7% are male

The racial composition is as follows:

o White: 70.5%

o Black or African American: 21.6%

o Native American: 1.9%

o Asian: 1.2%

o Multiracial: 3.9%

3% of Niagara Falls residents identify as Latino or Hispanic

85.5% of residents over the age of 25 are high school graduates

14.8% of residents of Niagara Falls over the age of 25 are college graduates

The demographic composition of Niagara County is as follows3

There are 213,525 residents in Niagara County

51.3% of residents are female, 48.7% are male

The racial composition is as follows:

o White: 88.6%

o Black or African American: 7.0%

o Native American: 1.1%

o Asian: 1%

o Multiracial: 2.2%

2.5% of Niagara County residents identify as Latino or Hispanic

89.9% of residents over the age of 25 are high school graduates

22.2% of residents of Niagara County over the age of 25 are college graduates

2 Data is from the 2013 United States Census estimates 3 Data is from the 2014 United States Census estimates



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Niagara Falls and Niagara County Poverty Brief

Below is a brief overview of general poverty in Niagara Falls and Niagara County.

Poverty is the Root Cause of Homelessness

24.9% of people in Niagara Falls and 13.7% of people in Niagara County live below the poverty line4. Of impoverished persons aged 25 or above:

31.9% did not graduate from high school

18.3% have a high school diploma/GED

17.9% have some college or associate’s degree

9.9% have a bachelor’s degree or higher 39.2% of female-headed households in Niagara Falls live below the poverty level, 31.5% in Niagara County. 19.7% of families live below the poverty level in Niagara Falls and 10% in Niagara County. 31.9% of the children who live in poverty in Niagara Falls are young children (age below 6), 30.3% in Niagara

County. The racial breakdown of those in poverty is as follows:

75% are white (11.2% of whites are in poverty) 21% are Black or African American (37.7% of Blacks or African Americans are in poverty) 2% are Native American (25.3% of Native Americans are in poverty) 1% are Asian (22.1% of Asians are in poverty) <.01% are Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander (7.5% of Native Hawaiians or Pacific Islanders are in

poverty) <.01% identify as a different race (6.8% of this category are in poverty) 3.9% identify as Hispanic or Latino (24.3% of all Niagara County’s Hispanics and Latinos are in poverty)

Table 6 illustrates the extent of poverty among women and children in the city of Niagara Falls:

NUMBER OF RELATED CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS

Number of Female Head of Households

Percentage Below Poverty

No children 1,504 19%

1 or 2 children 2,065 43.4%

3 or 4 children 477 72.3%

5 or more children 138 81.2%

Table 6: Female Households by Number of Children- ACS 2009-2013 5-year Estimates for Niagara Falls

4 Data shown in this section is from American Community Survey 2009-2013 5 years estimates except where stated

SECTION 3: Overview of Homelessness in Niagara County


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SECTION 3: Overview of Homelessness in Niagara County This chapter presents the 2014 estimates of homelessness, as well as the capacity of homeless services for sheltering

and housing those who experience homelessness in Niagara County. The latest point-in-time count was conducted on

January 29th, 2014. The annual count is based on both HMIS data and count of homeless persons in non-participating

programs. Niagara County merged with the Buffalo/Erie County Continuum of Care in summer 2013; this report

represents the first time there was HMIS data for an entire federal fiscal year. As a result, there are no past comparison

numbers.

Point in Time Count (PIT)

HUD requires each CoC across the nation to conduct an annual point in time count of both the sheltered and

unsheltered homeless during the last ten days of January. Homeless outreach workers and community volunteers went

to soup kitchens, homeless encampments, under bridges, and other places where the homeless are known to

congregate to conduct the counts. The data collected was entered into HMIS to ensure an unduplicated count.

Niagara County Unsheltered Homeless Count

ES TH Total

January 30, 2013 0 68 68 136

January 29, 2014 0 78 74 152 Table 7: Point in Time Count of Homelessness

Point in Time numbers are a one day snapshot of the homeless population. Outreach teams, volunteers, and shelter

staff interview every homeless person that they can find in an attempt to construct a one day count. No one found living

on the street in either of the PIT count. However, Due to the severity of the weather conditions in the winter in Western

New York, January is probably not the best time of the year to do a count in Erie County. The number of unsheltered

homeless in January is most likely to be lower than during other times of the year. With that said, we estimate there to

be 175 people homeless on any given night in Niagara County.

Annual Homeless Count

This chapter includes information entered into HMIS from Emergency Shelters and Transitional Housing programs. The

total unduplicated count of homeless persons entered into HMIS during this time period was 452. As discussed in the

introduction, there are programs that do not enter data into HMIS. In order to get a total number of homeless in a given

time period, we have to estimate the numbers served by non-participating HMIS programs. The total estimated

unduplicated homeless count is 1,888. (See appendix two for details of the estimation).

Total Unique persons includes those who received assistance from the Niagara County Department of Social Services5. Services these clients received included housing assistance, hotels, and other services. Numbers for each program type are de-duplicated within the program. Total number of homeless is de-duplicated for all the homeless programs. For example, if someone used the emergency shelter and later was admitted to transitional housing, he/she will be counted in both ES and TH categories. However, he/she will only be counted as one person in the total number and in that

5 The Niagara County Department of Social Services provided aggregate data to the Homeless Alliance on the number of clients served per month from 10/1/2013 to 10/1/2014. Community Missions of the Niagara Frontier keeps records in HMIS of which clients sought assistance from DSS. They also keep records of clients received services from Niagara Gospel Rescue Mission and Lockport Cares and shared them with HAWNY. This was subtracted from the overall total.



18

particular category. For example if someone used one emergency shelter then went to another emergency shelter, it will only be counted as one person in the ES category.

Program Type 2014 HMIS Count

2014 Estimated Count

Total Unique Homeless Persons

452 1,888

Emergency Shelter 414 796

Transitional Housing 39 160 Table 8: Overall Homeless Population in HMIS and Estimated Total for 2014

Comparison of Bed Inventory6

There are four types of housing programs in the Continuum of Care. Of these, only three types serve Niagara County.

There are 16 Safe Haven beds in Erie County.

Current Bed Inventory

HMIS coverage Rate*

Dedicated Chronically Homeless Beds

ES 90 67% N/A

TH 65 73% N/A

PSH 19 100% 0

Safe Haven 0 N/A N/A

TOTAL 174 73% 0 Table 9: Bed Inventory Comparison- HMIS Participation

*HMIS coverage rate includes non-DV beds covered by HMIS/Non-DV beds Total. Domestic violence shelters do not participate in HMIS by HUD or Violence Against Women Act regulations. The following characteristics are computed using HMIS data.

Household Composition (HMIS)

2014 Total Without Children

% With Children

and Adults

% With Only

Children

% Unknown HH Type

Households 408 292 71% 23 6% 92 23% 1

Persons 452 293 65% 61 13% 96 21% 1

Table 10: Homeless Persons Household Composition

The majority of households are single adults without children, regardless of whether the unit of analysis is a household or person. This is similar to the trend in Erie County. The relative percentage of unaccompanied youth is significantly higher than Erie County’s, though the absolute numbers are lower. This could be due to a measurement bias resulting

6 These are numbers of beds in the CoC by housing type; this is not a count of people. HMIS coverage is the percentage of beds that are entered into HMIS.



19

from HMIS coverage rates across various demographics. All teen shelters are in HMIS, whereas only some of the shelters serving single adults and families are in HMIS. With greater participation in HMIS by homeless alleviation providers, demographic trends can be discerned with greater accurately.

Gender for Homeless Adults Total % Without Children % With Children

and Adults %

Male 207 64.4% 202 68.9% 5 18.5%

Female 114 35.5% 91 31.1% 22 81.5%

Transgendered 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%

Don’t Know/Refused

0 0% 0 0% 0 0%

Subtotal 321 100% 293 100% 27 100%

Table 11: Homeless Adults- Gender

Females were likely to be undercounted because there are a significant number of beds that serve only women and/or

female heads of households, such as domestic violence programs, that do not report into HMIS. The majority of

homeless individual adults are males and the majority of homeless families have female heads of household. With that

said, the number of females is too low to draw absolute conclusions, but they are on scale with what we see in Erie

County.

Gender of Unaccompanied Minors

Total %

Male 35 36.5%

Female 61 63.5%

Transgendered 0 0%


0 0%

Subtotal 96

Table 12: Homeless Unaccompanied Minors- Gender

We contacted the service providers who specialize in assisting unaccompanied youth. They felt that the gender disparity

in youth reflected some structural differences in the circumstances that lead youth to become homeless. Nearly all cases

of youth homelessness come down to family conflict, but the types of family conflict differ by sex. Females can become

pregnant as teenagers. Males are less likely to seek help compared to females.



20

Age Total Percent Without

Children Percent With

Children and Adults

Percent With Only

Children

Percent

Under 5 25 5.5% 20 32.8% 5 0.1

5 - 12 14 3.1% 11 18.0% 3 0.0

13 - 17 91 20.1% 3 4.9% 88 0.9

18 - 24 65 14.4% 49 16.7% 15 24.6%

25 - 34 87 19.2% 79 27.0% 8 13.1%

35 - 44 73 16.2% 69 23.5% 4 6.6%

45 - 54 58 12.8% 58 19.8% 0 0.0%

55 - 61 24 5.3% 24 8.2% 0 0.0%

62+ 14 3.1% 14 4.8% 0 0.0%

Don't Know/Refused

0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0

Information Missing

1 0.2% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0

Total 452 1 293 1 61 1 96 1

Table 13: Homeless Population- Age by Household Type

Figure 7: Homeless Population- Age

Note: There is a spike in the chart above for homeless teenagers. We believe this is due to the over representation of programs that serve youth in

HMIS in Niagara County.

In Niagara County, the largest share of adult-only households had persons aged 25-34, though 35-44 was very close in

size. This is different than what has been seen in Erie County the previous three years, where the peak is 45-54 years of

age.

There are fewer families that are reporting into HMIS-participating providers in Niagara County. Consequently, we

cannot plot an age distribution of adults in child-adult households. It is not surprising that most of the members of that

25

14

91

65

87

73

58

24

14

0

20

40

60

80

100

Under 5 5 - 12 13 - 17 18 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 61 62+

Age Distribution of All Homeless Persons



21

group were children. Families with children were most likely to be young single mothers aged 18-34, with children under

12.

Race

Figure 8: Racial Composition of People Experiencing Homelessness in Niagara County

Ethnicity

Figure 9: Ethnicity Distribution of People Experiencing Homelessness in Niagara County

The population of African-Americans and Hispanics/Latino are overrepresented for both the general population and

population in poverty of Niagara Falls and Niagara County.

White 54%

Black or African-

American 37%

Asian 1%

American Indian or

Alaska Native 3%


Islander 0%

Multiple Races 3%

Don't Know/Refused

2%

Race

Non-Hispanic/Non-

Latino 92%

Hispanic/Latino 7%

Don't Know/Refused

1%

Ethnicity



22

Niagara County All In Poverty Homeless

(All residents) 13.70% 0.90%

White 88.60% 75% 54%

African American or Black 7% 21% 37%

Native American 1.10% 2% 3%

Asian 1% 1% 1%

Multiracial 2.20% 0.01% 3%

Hispanic Latino 2.50% 3.90% 7%

Table 14: Racial Composition of People Experiencing Homelessness in Niagara County

Prior Living Situation

Table 15: Prior Living situation

*Other includes: owned by client, permanent housing, transitional housing, don’t know, refused and missing data.

The largest share of assistance seekers in Niagara County stayed with family or friends prior to engaging with an emergency shelter or a transitional housing. This statistic asks what the previous night’s sleeping arrangements were – if one were with a family or friend as a result of an eviction, it would still come up as “family or friend”. This chart

shows how important social networks can be for those coping with a housing crisis. Family and friends often cannot be

permanent sources of housing due to clauses in leases preventing over-occupancy of dwellings.

Disabling Conditions

Overall, 75 % of homeless persons do not have a disability and 16% have one or more disabling conditions (8% data errors/missing). The most common disability types were mental illness (29%) and substance abuse (30%). This is a lower rate of disability than is reported in Erie County (43%).

Disability Types Counts Percentage of disabled

Percent of all Clients

Mental Illness 46 62% 10.2%

Substance Abuse 9 12.3% 1.9%

Chronic Health Condition 5 6.8% 1.1%

HIV/AIDS and Related Diseases 1 1% 0.2%

Developmental Disability 4 5.4% 0.9%

Physical Disability 28 28% 6.2%

Table 16: Homeless Population- Disability Types

Prior Living Situation 2014 Percent

Stay with family or friend 150 36%

Emergency Shelter 7 1.7%

Rental by Client 79 19%

Place not meant for habitation 4 15%

Institutions 131 10%

Other* 40 7%



23

Zip Code of Last Permanent Address

This is a different measure from “Prior Living Situation,” the section discussed above. “Prior living situation” refers to the

general circumstances of where the client slept the night before they entered the program. The zip code of their last

permanent address refers to the last address where the client lived for more than 90 days. Maps reflect the homeless

count based on Zip Codes can be found in Appendix Four-Map 1 and Map 2.

The below charts show the place of origin for homeless people who reported the zip code of their last permanent

address.

Last Address of Assistant Seekers in Niagara County

Last Permanent Address Total %

Niagara County 209 88.9%

Erie County 19 8.1%

Elsewhere in New York State 4 1.7%

Out of New York State 3 1.3%

Total 235

Table 17: Distribution Based on Zip Code of Last Permanent Address

Overall, homeless people seeking assistance in Niagara County are from Niagara County. 88.9% of those seeking assistance at HMIS-reporting agencies originated in Niagara County.

Niagara County Residents Seeking Homelessness Assistance in Erie County Zip Code of Last Permanent Address City ad count

14092 Lewiston 3

14094 Lockport 17

14095 Lockport 1

14105 Middleport 1

14120 North Tonawanda 56

14132 Sanborn 4

14172 Wilson 1

14301 Niagara Falls 20





Total 138

Table 18: Niagara County Homeless Seeking Assistance in Erie County

By New York State law, any homeless person seeking assistance in a county is considered a resident of that county and is

thus eligible for assistance in that county. Table 18 looks at service location related to clients’ last permanent address.

138 people sought assistance from HMIS-participating organizations in Erie County and provided a last permanent zip



24

code in Niagara County. It is a significant proportion of HMIS-recorded Niagara County residents who experienced

homelessness (39.8%).

Section 3.1: Niagara County Emergency Shelters


25

3.1 Emergency Shelter

2014

Persons Households

Total Client served in HMIS 414 299

Adult Only 284 283

With Children and Adults 41 14

With Children Only 87 87

Unknown Type 1 1

Total Estimated Clients Served 796 665

Estimated Adults 620 619

Estimated with Children and Adults 89 38

Estimated With Children Only 87 87

Table 19: Total Clients Served

Emergency Shelter (ES) – Emergency shelters are housing that homeless persons can access immediately and reside in

for up to 30 days. The primary function is to assist individuals in identifying causes of homelessness, accessing services,

and securing the next appropriate level of housing. Code Blue and Department of Social Services Hotel placements are

included in this category.

All demographic data below is based on the shelters who participate in HMIS. Participation in HMIS from emergency

shelters is lower than other categories of service providers. This is unfortunate because the homeless residing in

emergency shelters are one of the most important populations to gather data from. Greater collaboration among

emergency shelter providers is needed in the future.

Gender of Adults in ES

Gender is disproportionately represented among household types in Emergency Shelters. The majority of adult

individuals are male while the majority of adults in families are female. Specifically the head of households are

disproportionately female. With that said, there are not enough people to draw large conclusions about this, though it’s

worth noting that this pattern is also observed in Erie County.

Females were overrepresented among unaccompanied youth. This pattern is also observed in Erie County. In discussions

with providers, it was suggested that the family conflicts which lead to youth homelessness (family conflict is nearly

always the cause of youth homelessness), may impact females disproportionately. For instance, females are more likely

to find themselves in conflict due to unintended pregnancy, or pursuing a relationship with an older adult of whom the

family does not approve. More research is needed to understand this completely.



26

Figure 10: ES- Gender Distribution for Adults

Figure 11: ES- Gender Distribution for Unaccompanied Youth

Total Without Children % With Children and Adults

%

Male 207 202 71% 5 28%

Female 96 82 29% 13 72%


0 0 0 0 0

Subtotal 303 284 100% 18 100%

Table 20: ES- Adult Gender Distribution

Male 68%

Female 32%

Gender of Adults in Emergency Shelters

Male

Female

Male 39%

Female 61%

Gender of Unaccompianed Youth Seeking Assistance at Shelters

Male

Female



27

Age Total Without

Children With

Children and Adults

With Only

Children

Unknown HH Type

Under 5 13 0 13 0 0

5 - 12 11 0 8 3 0

13 - 17 86 0 2 84 0

18 - 24 54 44 9 0 1

25 - 34 84 78 6 0 0

35 - 44 71 68 3 0 0

45 - 54 57 57 0 0 0

55 - 61 23 23 0 0 0

62+ 14 14 0 0 0

Don't Know/Refused 0 0 0 0 0

Information Missing 1 0 0 0 1

Age Error (Negative Age or 100+) 0 0 0 0 0

Total 414 284 41 87 2

Table 21: ES- Age Distribution

Figure 12: ES- Age Distribution

13 11

86

54

84

71

57

23

14

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Under 5 5 - 12 13 - 17 18 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 61 62+

Age Distribution of Emergency Shelter Clients



28

Figure 13: ES- Age Distribution of Adult Only Households

Niagara County has a different age distribution than Erie County does. In Erie County, the largest share of homeless

clients are 45-54 years old. In Niagara County, they are 25-34 years old.

Race

Figure 14: ES- Racial Composition of Shelter Clients

African Americans are disproportionately represented in the population of homeless clients relative to both the general population and the population that is in poverty.

18 - 24, 44

25 - 34, 78

35 - 44, 68

45 - 54, 57

55 - 61, 23

62+, 14

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

18 - 24 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 61 62+

Age distribution of persons in adult-only households

White 54%

Black or African-American

38%

Asian 1%

American Indian or Alaska Native

3%


Islander 0%

Multiple Races 2% Don't Know/Refused

2%

Race of all Shelter Clients



29

Ethnicity

Figure 15: ES- Ethnicity Distribution of Shelter Clients

Disabilities

76% of the clients who stayed in emergency shelters did not have a disability, 17% have at least one long-term disability,

and 7% was unknown or missing. For those who have a disability, 31% have two or more conditions. Mental illness is the

most common disability at 52% of the disabled and 13.4% of the total.

Total Percent of those experiencing a disability

Percent of all clients

Mental Illness 46 65.7% 11.1%

Alcohol Abuse 2 2.9% 0.4%

Drug Abuse 6 8.5% 1.4%

Chronic Health Condition 4 5.7% 1.0%

HIV/AIDS and Related Diseases 1 1.4% 0.2%

Developmental Disability 4 5.7% 1.0%

Physical Disability 25 35.7% 6.0%

Table 3: ES- Disability Types of Those who had a Disability. NOTE: Categories are not Mutually Exclusive.

Non-Hispanic/Non-

Latino 93%

Hispanic/Latino 6%

Don't Know/Refused

1%

Ethnicithy of all Shelter Clients



30

Last Prior living situations Total Percent

of Total Without Children

Percent of

Adults only

With Children

and Adults

Percent of

Family only

With Only

Children

Percent of

Family only

Staying or Living with Family

110 28.2% 35 12.3% 3 16.7% 72 82.8%

Jail, prison , or juvenile detention facility

99 25.4% 97 34.2% 1 5.6% 1 1.1%

Permanent Housing 82 21.0% 71 25.1% 10 55.6% 1 1.1%

Staying or Living with Friend(s)

27 6.9% 14 4.9% 2 11.1% 10 11.5%

Institution 27 6.9% 27 9.5% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%

Transitional housing for homeless persons

13 3.3% 13 4.6% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%

Hotel/Motel, Paid by Client

7 1.8% 7 2.5% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%

Other 6 1.5% 5 1.8% 0 0.0% 1 1.1%

Emergency Shelter 4 1.0% 4 1.4% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%

Place not meant for habitation

4 1.0% 4 1.4% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%

Safe Haven 4 1.0% 4 1.4% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%

Don't Know/Refused 4 1.0% 3 1.1% 1 5.6% 0 0.0%

Information Missing 3 0.8% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 3 3.4%

Table 23: ES- Last Prior Living Situations

The largest share of clients came to homelessness from doubled-up situations (staying with family or friends).

Length of Stay

The majority of clients who stayed in Emergency Shelters remained for less than 30 days (76%).

< 30 Days 30 – 60 Days 61 – 180 Days

181 – 365 Days

> 1 Year Total Clients

Client Count 314 50 39 10 1 414

Total Percent 76% 12% 9.4% 2.4% <1% - Table 24: ES- Length of Stay

Clients who left the program at the end of the report period

Average Median 2014 26 11

Table 25: ES- Average Length of Stay



31

Destinations

Total Percent Without Children

Percent With Children

and Adults

Percent With Only Children

Percent

Permanent Housing

147 37.5% 108 40.1% 38 92.7% 1 1.2%

PSH for Homeless Persons

1 0.3% 1 0.4% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%

Living with Family, Permanent Tenure

77 19.6% 18 6.7% 0 0.0% 59 71.1%

Living with Friends, Permanent Tenure

5 1.3% 4 1.5% 0 0.0% 1 1.2%

Emergency Shelter 1 0.3% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 1 1.2%

TH for Homeless Persons

23 5.9% 17 6.3% 3 7.3% 3 3.6%

Staying with Family, Temporary Tenure

4 1.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 4 4.8%

Staying with Friends, Temporary Tenure

5 1.3% 2 0.7% 0 0.0% 3 3.6%

Hotel or Motel, Paid by Client

2 0.5% 2 0.7% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%

Institutions 14 3.6% 11 4.1% 0 0.0% 3 3.6%

Jail or Prison 10 2.5% 9 3.3% 0 0.0% 1 1.2%

Other 19 4.8% 14 5.2% 0 0.0% 5 6.0%

Don't Know/Refused

81 20.6% 81 30.1% 0 0.0% 0 0.0%

Information Missing

4 1.0% 2 0.7% 0 0.0% 2 2.4%

Table 26: ES- Destinations

Income or Non-Cash Benefits

Among adults that reported an income at entry into a shelter 47% (145) had no income, 13% (39) had some sort of

income, and 40% (122) of the data was missing or reported as didn’t know.

Most frequent Income Sources Count %

SSI/SSDI 75 25%

Earned Income 22 7%

General Assistance 42 14%

TANF 3 1% Table 27: ES- Frequent Income Sources

Adults that reported non-cash benefits at the initial intake, 15% were receiving non-cash benefits and 38% were not,

with 46% of the data missing. The most common non-cash benefit was food stamps. However, with such a high missing

data rate, we advise that interpreting income sources from Niagara County with caution.

Section 3.2: Niagara County Homeless Veterans


32

3.2 Homeless Veterans Data regarding the homeless veteran population is limited because the agencies associated with the Veterans

Administration (VA) use a database called HOMES (VA Homeless Operation Management Evaluation System) rather than

HMIS.

Emergency Shelter

Transitional Housing

Safe Haven

Unsheltered Total

# of Veteran Households with Children

4 0 0 0 4

# of Persons in Veteran Households with Children

13 0 0 0 0

# of Veterans in Veteran Households with Children

4 0 0 0 4

# of Veteran Individuals 12 46 2 11 71

Total Veterans 12 50 2 11 75

Table 28: Homeless Veterans

Section 3.3: Niagara County Homeless or At Risk Homeless Children in School


33

3.3 Homeless or At Risk Homeless Children in School The Department of Education tracks both at risk of homeless and homeless students. Most statistics from the

Department of Education did not separate these two populations. For this section, “homeless” includes “at risk”. School

districts do not enter data into HMIS. Therefore, there may be some duplicate numbers if a child/parent has shared

their homeless status with the school and is staying in a shelter that participates in HMIS.

Table 29 below shows homeless or at risk homeless students enrolled in Niagara County School Districts across the past

4 years. This data was collected by the New York State Education Department in the Student Information Repository

System (SIRS). The Lockport City School District has the highest number of homeless children, 88, slightly higher than last

year. This year charter schools are included in the SIRS report. The only charter school in Niagara County, Niagara

Charter School, has no students identified as homeless or at risk of becoming homeless.

School District 10-11 11-12 12-13 13-1410 BARKER CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT 5 5 <4 0

LEWISTON-PORTER CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT 38 <4 <4 <4

LOCKPORT CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT 99 80 84 88

NEWFANE CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT 10 5 <4 0

NIAGARA FALLS CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT 54 27 53 59

NIAGARA-WHEATFIELD CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT 36 38 34 62

NORTH TONAWANDA CITY SCHOOL DISTRICT 24 14 15 18

ROYALTON-HARTLAND CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT 5 8 5 11

STARPOINT CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT 15 7 7 7

WILSON CENTRAL SCHOOL DISTRICT <4 <4 <4 <4

Table 29: Homeless or At Risk Homeless Children by School Districts (Data Source: http://www.nysteachs.org/info-topic/statistics.html)

10 SIRS doesn’t present the specific data if a district has less than 4 homeless students. So we are labeling it as “<4” in our report.

http://www.nysteachs.org/info-topic/statistics.html

3.5 Need for More Comprehensive Data Collection


34

3.4 Need for More Comprehensive Data Collection The Homeless Alliance of Western New York would like to thank all of the homelessness alleviation providers in Niagara County for their willingness and promptness in sharing aggregate data as needed to fulfill HUD requirements. This report would not be possible without their cooperation. The only way that we can solve the problem of homelessness is to fully understand it: who it impacts, for how long, and the factors that drive people out of their homes. Housing interventions are increasingly targeting clients based on data-driven best practices. Our HMIS system is designed to keep track of such information, but our coverage rate, as measured by bed, is only 73% overall, and 67% in emergency shelters. Niagara Gospel Rescue Mission has decided to join HMIS, and this will increase our coverage rate for both emergency shelters and transitional housing. By having greater participation in our HMIS system, we would be better to track client needs and see how they align with federal best practices. The largest homelessness alleviation provider in Niagara County is the Niagara County Department of Social Services. Measured by clients, our coverage rate is very poor and it appears that many people served by the DSS do not enter shelters. County departments of social services operate largely in a regulatory climate determined by New York State and do not tend to receive institutional support for using HMIS. Consequently, voluntarily entering clients in HMIS would represent a significant burden that the state is not currently supporting. Support from the state, especially in light of current data warehouse initiatives, would assist the broader community in understanding exactly how to best serve homeless clients in the county. Otherwise, we will continue to have a very large gap in our understanding of homelessness in Niagara County.

Appendix One: HMIS


35

Appendix One: HMIS

What is HMIS?

A Homeless Management Information System (HMIS) is a software application designed to record and store client-level

information on the characteristics and service needs of homeless persons. HMIS is typically a web-based software

application that homeless assistance providers use to record client and program level data, coordinate client services,

manage their operations, and better serve the homeless. In Buffalo and Erie County, HMIS is also referred to as BAS-Net

(Buffalo Area Services Network). BAS-Net was launched in 2005 by the Homeless Alliance of WNY (HAWNY). HAWNY is

tasked with managing the system, and is funded by a grant from the Department of Housing and Urban Development

(HUD). Erie County chose to use a web-based solution, Service Point for HMIS. Any homeless service provider (except

domestic violence shelters) receiving funding through HUD’s Continuum of Care (CoC) Homeless Assistance Programs,

the Emergency Solutions Grant (ESG) program, Supportive Services for Veteran Families (SSVF), and Solutions to End

Homelessness Program (STEHP) is required to enter information into BAS-Net. Further, HUD requires that certain data

elements are collected (and entered) by all programs using HMIS. HAWNY, the lead agency for the CoC in Erie County, is

mandated to submit reports to HUD using HMIS as the data source. All client information that is collected, only with the

client’s permission, may be used for research purposes without releasing personal information.

A core value of BAS-Net is informed consent. Client-level data is only entered into HMIS when there is a signed release

of information form in the client’s file that permits both data collection and use for research purposes as aggregate data.

An unwillingness to sign the release of information form cannot be used as grounds to refuse housing or services to a

person for whom they would otherwise be eligible.

Can HMIS provide a number of homeless persons without duplication? How are clients counted?

Yes, an unduplicated count is possible. The system automatically assigns a unique ID number for each new person that

is created. The system allows users from different agencies to search for a client by their ID, name, or Social Security

Number (SSN). If the client is already in the system, only the name, the last 4 digits of the SSN and the date of birth will

appear on the screen; information will be updated, but a new unique ID number will not be created. In this report, all

the client counts are based on the unique ID and only counted once unless otherwise noted. Each time a person enters a

program or exits a program, case workers have the responsibility to record the entry and exit dates as well as other HUD

required data elements needed to update the record.

A data quality report is run periodically to identify any records that appear to be duplicates. The de-duplication process

is used when two unique ID numbers have been assigned to the same person. This usually means merging the two

records into one record if in both records the client’s name, SSN and other demographic information are exactly the

same. However, if the Social Security Numbers are slightly different but the name and other information are matched,

the records won’t be merged until it is certain which one is the real SSN.

Data export methodology--De-duplicated count with exception

Data exported for this report is mostly from the answers inputted when clients entered a program. If there are different

answers in different entries, only the latest answer will be included in this report. For example, client A had a source of

income when he first came into an emergency shelter, but six months later he was accepted to a transitional housing

program and no longer had an income. Client A will then be counted twice in both categories and only information from

the transitional housing program will be presented in the Overall Homeless section.

Appendix One: HMIS


36

What are the challenges of using HMIS data?

As with any database, if good data is entered in, then good data will result for reporting purposes. Data entered into

BAS-Net is physically entered by service providers and the information is usually self-reported by the client.

Homelessness is often a disorienting experience and important dates and information may unintentionally be inaccurate

or vague. We highlight this only to emphasize that HMIS is administrative data that is self-reported and subject to

human error. HAWNY is continuously improving its data quality activities to ensure that HMIS data is as complete and

error-free as possible. HAWNY expects HMIS users to meet the HUD benchmark for data quality – data for 95% of HUD

required data elements is entered completely and accurately.

Appendix Two: Methodology


37

Appendix Two: Estimated Homeless Count Methodology

Erie Niagara Metro Area Aggregate

ADJUSTED BY DATA SOURCE

Source Total

HMIS minus Poor Performers/RRH 4432

Haven House ES/TH de-duplicated* 504

Little Portion Friary* 431

Faith-Based Fellowship** 60

Altamont Program –ES** 129

Temple of Christ** 552

Back to Basics** 30

Hotels** 93

Red Cross** 17

St. Luke's Estimate*** 50

Altamont TH Estimate*** 34

Left NYS** 3

Unsheltered Count 177

Niagara DSS Assistance to Permanent Housing

841

PASSAGE (DV)*** 36

Lockport Cares* 256

Niagara Gospel Rescue Mission* 179

Carolyn House DV* 32

YWCA Niagara DV total De-duplicated* 79

Vanessa Scott* 13

TOTAL 7948

*Self-Report by Agency **Erie County Department of Social Services ***Estimate based on bed and average area utilization rates

Niagara County Aggregate

Source Information Total

DSS assistance to permanent housing* 841

HMIS floor 452

PASSAGE (DV)** 36

Lockport Cares* 256

Niagara Gospel Rescue Mission* 179

Carolyn House DV* 32

YWCA Niagara DV total deduplicated* 79

Vanessa Scott* 13

TOTAL 1,888

*Self-Report by Agency **Estimate based on bed capacity and utilization rates

Appendix Three: List of Providers


38


Emergency Shelters

Participating in HMIS

Buffalo City Mission

Buffalo City Mission Code Blue

Child and Family Services- Casey House

Code Blue Cornerstone

Community Missions of Niagara Frontier

Compass House Emergency Shelter

Cornerstone-Emergency shelter

Family Promise

Lt. Colonel Matt Urban Human Service Center – Hope House

Salvation Army - Emergency Family Shelter

TSI Emergency Housing Service

Not Participating in HMIS

Altamont House

Faith Based Fellowship

Haven House – DV Emergency Shelter

Little Portion Friary*

Lockport Cares

Niagara Gospel Rescue Mission*

St. Luke’s Mission of Mercy/Code Blue

Temple of Christ – My Place Home*

Crisis Services after hour program *Now Participating in HMIS

Transitional Housing Programs

Participating in HMIS

American Red Cross

Buffalo City Mission Discipleship Program

Buffalo City Mission Journey Transitional Housing Program

Cazenovia Visions Place Expanded MICA

Cazenovia Visions Place Supportive Housing Program II

Cornerstone-Transitional

DePaul - HUD Transitional-Supportive Housing Program IV

Gerard Place

Hispanic United of Buffalo

Teaching and Restoring Youth (TRY)

The Crib

United Church Home, Inc

YWCA of WNY – Scattered Sites

YWCA of WNY- Amherst

Not Participating in HMIS

Altamont House – Veterans GPD Program

Haven House



39

YWCA Niagara

YWCA Niagara- Carolyn’s House

Safe Haven – Participate in HMIS Lake Shore Safe Haven

Outreach Homeless – Participate in HMIS Matt Urban Outreach

Lake Shore McKinney (formerly PATH)

SSO –Participate in HMIS NLS Homeless Task Force

Harbor house

YWCA of Tonawanda

Permanent Supportive Housing

Participate in HMIS

Buffalo Federation of Neighborhood Centers Shelter Plus Care II & III

Buffalo Federation of Neighborhood Centers Shelter Plus Care IV

Cazenovia Chronic Homeless Program

Cazenovia Supportive Housing Program VI

Cazenovia Supportive Living II

Cazenovia Supportive Housing Program VIII

Cornerstone Permanent Supportive Housing

Cornerstone PSH

Housing Options Made Easy Shelter Plus Care I

Housing Options Made Easy Shelter Plus Care V

Housing Options Made Easy Supportive Housing Program I

Lake Shore Shelter Plus Care I

Lake Shore Shelter Plus Care II and III

Lake Shore Supportive Housing Program VII

DePaul McKinley Square Supportive Housing Program IX

DePaul Shelter Plus Care I

DePaul Shelter Plus Care II and III

DePaul Shelter Plus Care IV

Matt Urban Housing First

Restoration Society Supportive Housing Program III

Southern Tier Environments for Living Shelter Plus Care III

Spectrum Supportive Housing Program V

Spectrum Supportive Housing VI

TSI Shelter Plus Care I

TSI Supportive Housing Program I

TSI Supportive Housing Program VIII

WNY Veterans Housing Coalition S+C VI

Do Not Participate in HMIS

VA - Homeless Veterans – VASH

Appendix Four: Maps


40

Appendix Four: Maps

Appendix Four: Maps


41

annual report on the state of omelessness in western new york · there were a total of 7,948 people...

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