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ANNUAL REPORTSPDA2017
The year 2017 allowed SPDA to make progress and consolidate work on priority areas towards sustainable development including access to environmental justice, indigenous rights, natural heritage and biodiversity, forest and marine governance and strengthening environmental management practices.
SPDA is also proud to have initiated coordinated actions with state
agencies, judicial authorities and the Public Ministry, international
organizations and civil society, on key issues such as sustainable
fishing, water governance and the defense of environmental rights.
Pedro SolanoExecutive Director
+700 56Some
numbers for
2017
+2000
persons working towardsa sustainable country.
publications onour web sites.
5100 volunteers joineddifferent initiatives ofWe Conserve for/by Naturewith +1000 participantsin the events.
women
men
legal opinions and proposals developed.
persons trained, includingauthorities, experts, studentsand personnel fromdifferent institutions.
+60
projectsexecuted.
25institutional agreements in place.*15
publications.
12
The Judicial Branch of Peru, Superior Court of Loreto, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Environment, the National Environmental Certification Service for Sustainable
Investments (SENACE), National Forest and Wildlife Service (SERFOR), National Service of Natural Protected Areas (SERNANP), Peruvian Amazon Research
Institute (IIAP), Regional Government of Loreto, Provincial Municipality of Tambopata, Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin (COICA),
Native Federation of Madre de Dios (FENAMAD), Aquafondo, Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA).
45
*INSTITUTIONAL AGREEMENTS IN FORCE WITH THE FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONS:
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 03
46%54%
courses, workshops,presentationsand discussionsconducted atnational andinternational levels.
In coordination with the Native Federation of the Madre de Dios River
and its Tributaries (FENAMAD) and the Madre de Dios Regional
Government, SPDA implemented a pilot project that allowed us to
work together with 5 native communities on solving problems
regarding physical and legal tenure of their territories.
Thanks to the achievements of this pilot project, presented as a success
story by Rights and Resources Initiative (RRI), since 2017 SPDA leads the
first project of the International Land and Forest Tenure Facility, whose
objective is to reach greater legal certainty for indigenous territories in
the country. The scope is national, with an emphasis in Madre de Dios and
Loreto.
In 2017 we worked together with several civil society organizations and
indigenous organizations, on a legal, technical and communicational
strategy to confront threats caused by infrastructure (mostly road)
projects within the territories of indigenous peoples in isolation and initial
contact (PIACI) in Peru.
SPDA also supportedthe physical and legalentitlement of
The creation of the
Land ownershipwas awarded to
communities.
03
SPDA is a member of theRegional Working Group onIndigenous Policies of theRegional Government of Ucayali.
hectares of indigenous territories.
multisectoral group at theCongress of the Republic forthe protection of PIACI waspromoted and coordinated.
112800
1st
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 06
During 2017 SPDA continued to support di�erent public actors, including
the Congress of the Republic, in the design of legal norms and tools
needed for adequate economic and environmental development. SPDA´s
team participated actively in debates on and support for the draft
Framework Law on Climate Change.
We developed a detailed scoping analysis regarding the situation of
environmental certification and assessment processes, and the capacities of
public entities responsible for these.
Capacity building on Environmental Law for professionals and university
students who will someday contribute towards appropriate operations of
environmental institutional frameworks.
15
In depthassessment:
interviews undertakenin 10 regions.
legal proposalson environmentalcertification andassessment.
02
18
20Reviewedlegislativeand regulatoryinitiatives.
studentsgraduated fromSPDA´s XVIWorkshop on Environmental Law.
professionals graduated from the Programof Second Speciality in Environmental Lawand Natural Resources, organized with the PUCP.
49
AND CONFRONTING CLIMATE CHANGE
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 08
SPDA has focused on the design of alternatives to achieve financial
sustainability for conservation actions at the national level, based on
extensive research work and legal-technical analysis undertaken by a team
of lawyers and economists.
Research has been undertaken on the relationship between natural protected
areas (NPAs) and climate change, the conservation of agrobiodiversity and
plant genetic resources, and the role of technology in the implementation of
policies on genetic resources.
The Tambopata National Reserve Management Committee´s trust fund was
registered to ensure funding in favor of the Reserve and buffer zones. It was
also recognized as an institution exonerated from income taxation in Peru.
We have worked closely with the Regional Government of Loreto in
strengthening conservation tools and actions such as the Loreto Regional
Strategy for Wetlands, the Loreto Regional Conservation System, and the
development of a legal instrument to Recognize Local Monitoring Organizations
in Regional Conservation Areas (RCAs) and proposals for the establishment of
new regional conservation areas. Additionally, we participated in the
establishment of two new natural protected areas: the Tres Cañones Regional
Conservation Area and Yaguas National Park.
TambopataNational ReserveManagementCommittee´s trust fund.
+300Training for experts andauthorities on NPAs,indigenous peoples, rural land,actions against illegal activities,tourism, control and monitoringof marine spaces, inclusivefinances, among others.
Registration in thePublic Registry of the
Reviewed legal andregulatory drafts and elaboration of the firstRegulatory ImpactAnalysis on anenvironmentaldraft law in Peru.
20+40Innovative mechanismsto finance biodiversityconservation in Peru.
1er
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 10
During 2017, SPDA´s team joined a multisectoral group formed by the
Ministry of Environment (MINAM) and Ministry of Agriculture and
Irrigation (MINAGRI), to prepare a draft procedure for MINAMs prior
opinion in changes in land use administrative procedures and for the
development of a draft to update the Regulation on Land Use Capacity
Classification.
We supported the Regional Government of Loreto in its forest zoning process
and provided legal assistance to those affected by deforestation in
Tamshiyacu. SPDA has conducted several courses and workshops in Loreto
and Madre de Dios, on deforestation, change of land use and forest legislation.
SPDA also participated with partners such as the Wildlife Conservation
Society (WCS), in the elaboration and systematization of the National
Strategy to Reduce Illegal Wildlife Trafficking in Peru (2017 – 2027) and Plan
of Action (2017 – 2022), published by means of Supreme Decree No.
011-2017-MINAGRI. Through ActualidadAmbiental.pe and communication
campaigns, SPDA has disseminated information to contribute to raise
awareness among citizens on these issues.
174 radio spots
on illegal wildlifetrafficking.
The
30participants.
1ºdraft legislationto strengthen forestrymanagement.
newsletters.
workshops,training and events with atotal of
1000
02We promoted thedevelopment of
Course on ForestLegislation directedtowards the JudiciaryBranch in Madre de Dios,with 70 participants.
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 12
SPDA promoted the Madre de Dios Pact for Environmental Justice in Peru, led by the Judiciary Branch. Additionally as part of the agreement signed with the Judiciary Branch, we provided support in organizing the 1st International Congress on Environmental Justice in Madre de Dios and creating the first environmental courthouse in the same region.
We installed a new Free Legal Clinic in Piura, which adds to SPDA´s Madre de
Dios and Loreto clinics. The three clinics focus on handling legal cases and
consultations linked to environmental violations, providing training for forest
users, indigenous peoples, artisan fishermen and authorities.
The Environmental Alert Platform that monitors environmental complaints in
Madre de Dios and in the Tambopata National Reserve buffer zone, expanded
its scope to 3 new areas of work: the Madre de Dios nut growing zone, the
shoreline and coastal zones of Piura (Environmental Alert for the Seas of Peru)
and legal initiatives (draft projects by the Congress of the Republic).
SPDA participated actively in the dissemination of the rights to information,
participation and environmental justice, particularly in discussions on the
Regional Agreement on Principle 10 of the Rio Declaration. We participated in
a regional meeting where the threats and challenges faced by environmental
human rights defenders in Latina America were analyzed. The event was
convened by professor John Knox, Special Rapporteur of the United Nations
on human rights and various environmental organizations. SPDA presented the
situation of the Madre de Dios environmental human rights defenders.
The Madre de DiosPact for EnvironmentalJustice in Peru hadmore than
SPDAs Free LegalClinics received
Morethan
Until the end of 2017, the Environmental Alert Platform published
1100
96
people were trained during24 workshops.
100signatures.It was submittedto Pope Francis inJanuary 2018.
Some of the followingorganizations andinstitutions expressedtheir support:Judiciary Branch,Public Ministry,Ministry of Environment,Ministry of Agricultureand Irrigation,AIDESEP,Tambopata NationalReserve ManagementCommittee,FENAMAD,OSINFOR,OEFA,among others.
47new casesand
103newconsultationsduring the year.
alerts and 884milestones weregenerated.
We presented the situation of Madrede Dios environmental defenders atan international event.
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 14
45participants to the 1st Workshop“Policies and legislation for fisheriesmanagement in Peru” in Lima and Piura.
150 assistants at the lectures“Perú Natural: Mar Peruanoal 2012”.
4legal proposals in relation to the protectionof whales, benthonic resources, illegal shipyards and stranding of sea lions in the Peruvian Sea.
Throughout this year, SPDA promoted discussions and debates on issues such as artisanal fishing, industrial fishing and protected species, through training courses, lectures and communication tools such as web sites (www.mardelperu.pe), multimedia and news reports.
Based on an extensive analysis to identify key actors of the different
fisheries, assessing the policies and current legal context for their
management, legal proposals and recommendations have been prepared to
promote sustainable fisheries.
The SPDA Free Legal Clinic in Piura trained 15 authorities on matters related
to the supervision and control of sustainable fishing and 57 artisanal
fishermen from all the regions inlets (Máncora, Cabo Blanco, La Islilla, La
Tortuga, El Ñuro, Sechura, Colán, among others), to improve their capacity to
access environmental justice.
The Free Legal Clinic was installed in Piura. It received
12 70legal consultationsand trained morethan individuals.
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 16
In 2017 SPDA formed the Invest Green Consortium together with
Forest Trends, CONDESAN, EcoDecision and Imperial College London.
This consortium will implement the Green Infrastructure Project for
Water Security of the United States Agency for International
Development.
The objective is to guarantee social, environmental and hydrobiological
benefits, and attract new agricultural, industrial and hydroelectrical
sectors to use this type of infrastructure.
The project hasa duration of
and willwork with
watersheds at the national level.
05years05watersheds
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 18
+132000followers on Facebook ofActualidadAmbiental.pe, Conservamos por Naturalezaand SPDA.
2ndHackathon forthe Amazon:
70participants.
13 technological solutions linked to:forests and climate change,Natural Protected Areas andwildlife trafficking.
+20 videos published onActualidadAmbiental.pe.
+150 mediaappearences
+700 notes during 2017 inActualidadAmbiental.pe andConservamospor naturaleza.org.
325 multimedia reportspublished inActualidadAmbiental.pe.
opinioncolumns.
We organized the
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 21
DO IT FOR YOUR BEACHcompleted 5 years of activities and campaigns.
4300 volunteers cleaned up 130 beaches,6 lakes and 2 wetlands, and collected 40tons of waste.
DO IT FOR YOUR RIVERbrought together 800 volunteers
from Loreto, Madre de Dios, San Martín, Ucayali,Pucallpa and Junín, who cleaned 22 rivers andcollected 6.4 tons of waste.
DO IT FOR YOUR WAVEprotected 6 new waves
San Pedro, Piscinas, Muelles, Lobitos, Hueco yBaterías, adding a total of 24 protected waves. Theinitiative was presented as a case of success at IMPAC4.A fund was obtained for the production of a documentary.
25412trees were adopted through
Reforestation for Nature,generating more than 10 thousandsoles from donations, for 3private conservation areas.
people of the Amazon VoluntaryConservation Network were trainedin the design of projects and theirimplementation.
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 22
THE NATURAL ROUTEsecond edition.
A second edition of “La Ruta Natural”travel guide was elaborated.
KUYAPANAKUY(love each other mutuallyor reciprocity is mutual).
people came togetherand enjoyed documentariesand short films on marinerelated matters.
to promote ecotourism in voluntaryconservation initiatives.
Celebrated its 5th anniversary with theCxN Festival with the assistance of
56
300
destinations
+1000individuals.
27 proposedroutes
2
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 24
WE CONSERVEFOR/BY NATURE (CxN)
PRESIDENTJorge Caillaux
VICE-PRESIDENTEnrique Ferrando
MEMBERSMartín Beaumont Luisa Elena Guinand Jessica Hidalgo Kurt HolleJoaquín Leguía
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 27
Pedro SolanoExecutive Director
Isabel CalleDirector of the Environmental Policy and Management Program
Silvana BaldovinoDirector of the Biodiversity and Indigenous Peoples Program
José Luis CapellaDirector of the Forestry and Ecosystem Services Program
Bruno MonteferriDirector of We Conserve for/by Nature and Marine Governance
Jimmy CarrilloDirector of the Communications Unit
Martha PugaDirector of the Project Management Unit
Miguel MazuelosDirector of the Administration and Accounting Unit
Luisa RíosCoordinator of the Madre de Dios Office
Martín Vasquez Coordinator of the Loreto Office
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 28
E X E C U T I V E D I R E C TO R AT E
REGIONALOFFICES
LORETOOFFICE
LIMAOFFICE
MADRE DE DIOSOFFICE
INICIATIVES
FORESTS AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
ENVIRONMENTALPOLICY AND GOVERNANCE
BIODIVERSITY ANDINDIGENOUS PEOPLES
WE CONSERVEFOR/BY NATURE
COMMUNICATIONSUNIT
PROJECT MANAGEMENTUNIT
ADMINISTRATION AND ACCOUNTINGUNIT
MARINEGOVERNANCE
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 29
www.spda.org.pe
www.actualidadambiental.pe
www.legislacionambientalspda.org.pe
www.conservamospornaturaleza.org
www.alertaambiental.pe
hazlaportuola.pe
www.mardelperu.pe
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 31
Mining and the gold rush inMadre de Dios
Tres Cañones:The other wonder of Cusco
Towards marine governance
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 32
Las áreas protegidas y su relación con la seguridad alimentaria en un contexto de cambio climático: una mirada desde Bolivia, Brasil y Perú
Manuel Ruiz. Lima: SPDA,Konrad Adenauer Stiftung, 2017.
La ruta natural:viajes y destinos
Conservamos por Naturaleza.Lima: SPDA, 2017.
Guía de identificación de fauna silvestre para las autoridades ambientales de
Amazonas, San Martín, Loreto y UcayaliNéstor Allgas; Alejandro Alarcón; Noga Shanee, Sam Shanee; Bruno Monteferri; Luis Zari. Lima:
SPDA, 2017.
Biotrade and access and benefit sharing: from concept to practice. A handbook for
policymakers and regulatorsManuel Ruiz; David Vivas; María J. Oliva;
Veronique Rossow. New York: UNCTAD, United Nations, 2017.
Opciones innovadores de financiamiento de la conservación
Carlos Trinidad y Samín Vargas. Lima:SPDA, 2017. 113 p.
Las plantaciones forestales en Perú: reflexiones, estatus actual y
perspectivas a futuroManuel R. Guariguata; Javier Arce; Tania
Ammour; José Luis Capella. Lima: CIFOR, CGIAR, GIZ, SPDA, 2017.
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 35
La imprescindible estrategia ambiental peruana para acceder
a la OCDEMariano Castro Sánchez-Moreno. Lima:
SPDA, 2017. 28 p.
Propuesta de diseño e implementación de un fondo para financiar la asistencia técnica a
poblaciones durante el proceso de evaluación de impacto ambiental de actividades mineras
Martha Aldana, Isabel Calle y Carol Mora. Lima:SPDA, 2016.
Conservación para la Paz: Una apuesta participativa para la prevención y transformación
de conflictos socioambientales en el departamento de Loreto
Sociedad Peruana de Derecho Ambienta. Lima:SPDA, 2016.
Análisis del impacto y avances en la implementación de las políticas,
estrategias, planes y programas de biodiversidad en Bolivia, Brasil,
Colombia y PerúManuel Ruiz. Lima: SPDA, KAS, 2016.
Cartilla informativa: Patronatosde Comités de Gestión de áreas
naturales protegidasAlfredo Gálvez; Carlos Trinidad y Rodolfo
Mancilla. Lima: SPDA, 2017. 9 p.
Serie de Política y Derecho Ambiental No 29, SPDA
Una mirada a los incentivos para la conservación in situ de recursos fitogenéticos
en el Perú. Por Manuel Ruiz Muller; Adam Drucker y Marleni Ramirez. Lima: SPDA, 2017
AVAILABLE IN ENGLISH
VERSION
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 36
Andes AmazonFund (AAF)
Strengthen governance, management and public support for the Peruvian system of protected areas. PHASE I, II and III.
June 2016– July 2018
Create enabling conditions to strengthen conservation systems in Peru; as well as provide legal and technical assistance to create new conservation areas in Peru.
Gordon &Betty MooreFoundation
Strengthen the National System of Natural Protected Areas by the State (SINANPE) and provide tools for its sustainability and efficient management.
July 2017-June 2018
Promote and ensure biodiversity conservation and the management of Natural Protected Areas in the Amazon, consolidating financial sustainability tools, strengthening the fight against illegal activities in natural protected areas and capacities at the national and regional levels, in order to ensure the adequate management of natural protected areas.
Gordon &Betty MooreFoundation
Conservation and consolidation of protected areas and indigenous territories within the Purús Manu mosaic.
November 2016-January 2019
Consolidate the management of natural protected areas and indigenous territories of the Alto Purús Mosaic, and improve the level of protection and conservation of indigenous peoples in isolation and initial contact by strengthening the capacities of those responsible for their administration, as well a normative framework to ensure adequate management.
Gordon &Betty MooreFoundation
Reduce threats through the consolidation of regional environmental institutional frameworks and the participation of civil society in Madres de Dios.
November 2014–June 2017
The Project seeks to strengthen regional environmental institutional frameworks and empower both authorities and civil society of Madre de Dios for efficient environmental management through the protection and conservation of our natural resources.
PROJECTPARTNERS OBJECTIVES PERIOD
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 38
Gordon &Betty MooreFoundation
Strengthen the National System for Natural Protected Areas by the State (SINANPE) and consolidate regional conservation strategies of Loreto through the Government and Civil Society.
July 2014-June 2017
Ensure biodiversity conservation and management of Natural Protected Areas of the Peruvian Amazon, strengthening their National System for Protected Areas and consolidating regional institutionality in Loreto, as well as civil society.
FordFoundation
For solid and fair environmental public participation in the mining industry of Peru.
July 2017–September 2018
Contribute to strengthening environmental public participation tools during the execution of mining activities in the country.
MacArthurFoundation
Answers to the growing loss of biodiversity due to productive activities in the Amazon by applying research, legal measures and incentives to mitigate tendencies in land use changes and deforestation.
January 2016–December 2018
Improve institutional and legal frameworks to undertake sustainable investments in Amazon areas that are suitable for agricultural and agroindustrial projects, related to the management of areas used for intensive agriculture or potentially affected by this type of agriculture and investments.
New EnglandBiolabsFoundation -NEBF
Create Sustainable Conservation and Tourism Promoters to contribute to financial sustainability and the generational renewal of the Amazon Voluntary Conservation Network (RED AMA), Peru.
August 2017–August 2018
Support the Amazon Voluntary Conservation Network (RED AMA).
FundaciónMar Adentro
Residencias Fundación Mar Adentro. March 2016–August 2017
Support Peruvian artists selected by FMA to carry out an artistic intervention in the private conservation area Paraíso Natural Iwirati of the Puerto Prado Native Community, Peru.
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 39
PROJECTPARTNERS OBJECTIVES PERIOD
Tides FoundationPatagonia
Do it for your wave – The conservation of spectacular surfing waves in Peru.
April 2017–April 2018
Elaboration of a documentary on the Do it for your Wave Initiative and replicate Do it for your Wave in Chile.
WaltonFoundation
Towards sustainable fishing in the first five nautical miles in Peru.
December 2016–September 2017
Provide the foundation and local members with the necessary legal information and policies to support the sustainable management of fisheries in Peru.
WaltonFoundation
Towards sustainable fishing in the first five nautical miles in Peru.
October 2017Promote reforms in the legal framework for fisheries in Peru in order to sustain management based on the rights to artisanal fishing, as well as formalize the artisanal fishermen.
AmazonConservationAssociation
Capacity building to monitor deforestation and forest governance in real time, to help meet the objectives of REED+ in the Peruvian Amazon.
December 2016–December 2020
Contribute to the implementation of REDD+ policies and the development of social and environmental practices by key actors of the private sector.
Climate &DevelopmentKnowledgeNetwork (CDKN)
Strategic regional communication. May 2016–June 2017
Coordinate the CDKN communications strategy for Latin America.
CriticalEcosystemPartnershipFund (CEPF)
Strengthening private and communal conservation in the Northeast Corridor of Conservation in Peru.
July 2016–June 2018
Contribute to biodiversity conservation in the Amazon Northeast Biodiversity Corridor, through a network of private conservation areas (PCAs) and reach financial sustainability.
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 40
PROJECTPARTNERS OBJECTIVES PERIOD
Global ForestWatch / WorldResource Institute
Use Global Forest Watch to improve responses to deforestation and wildfires in the context of private conservation in the Amazon, Peru.
June 2017–March 2018
Use the Global Forest Watch platform to support RED AMA in monitoring forests of PCAs in the Amazon, and design responses to deforestation in PCAs and the illegal fires.
RightsResourcesGroup
Proposals to improve land ownership in the native and peasant communities of Peru.
March 2016–March 2017
Generate proposals and working spaces with the governing body and institutions involved, to clarify and simplify demarcation, formalization and land ownership procedures of peasant and native communities, by Regional Governments.
RightsResources(RRI)
Legal security for indigenous territories in Madre de Dios and Cusco in Peru.
October 2015–March 2018
Contribute to strengthen adequate management of natural resources and the capacities, to facilitate the exercise of collective rights of beneficiary communities.
OxfamAmérica
Improving forest governance and access to environmental justice in Tamshiyacu.
November 2017–April 2018
Strengthen the capacities of local actors and their capacity to access environmental justice effectively in cases where their rights are being violated, and provide them with improved elements to communicate and disseminate the problems that afflict them.
EnvironmentalDefense Fund(EDF)
Analysis on the situation of policies and laws for sea fishing in Peru.
August 2016–June 2017
Elaborate a report on the state of ocean fisheries in Peru.
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 41
PROJECTPARTNERS OBJECTIVES PERIOD
PROFONANPE Mitigate deforestation in chestnut concessions in the Madre de Dios region.
October 2016–October 2017
Elaborate and put into place a local pilot system of control and supervision, including through a participative monitoring mechanism and early alert technological platform, for effective actions in the conservation of chestnut forests in the Alegría sector, Madre de Dios.
The TernureFacility (TF)
Land ownership of indigenous territories in Peru. October 2017–October 2019
Ensure collective land ownership by strengthening institutional frameworks in terms of formalizing communal land. The intervention would provide legal certainty for 5 million communal hectares at the national level and 200 thousand hectares for indigenous territories of Loreto and Madre de Dios.
International Unio for Conservationof Nature (IUCN)
Protecting the Guardians of Natural Patrimony: generating conditions to protect and safeguard the rights of park rangers and communal environmental defenders in Madre de Dios.
January 2017–February 2019
Support the defenders in order for them to conduct their work in a safe manner. This shall take place through information, offering security, training to protect themselves and promoting international recognition.
WildlifeConservationStrategy(WCS)
Capacity building and cooperation to fight illegal wildlife trafficking networks in Latin America and Southeast Asia.
February 2016–June 2017
Contribute to the capacity building of police and criminal justice officers related to wildlife illegal trafficking, contribute to improving transboundary investigations for the exchange of information, and design a pilot training program.
US Fish and WildlifeService
Fighting wildlife illegal trafficking in Peru, through the empowerment of local authorities, civil society and communities in Loreto, Amazonas, Ucayali and San Martín.
September 2016–December 2017
Reduce wildlife illegal trafficking by training regional authorities and a communication campaign at the local level.
ANNUAL REPORTSPDA 2017 42
PROJECTPARTNERS OBJECTIVES PERIOD