REPUBLIC OF CYPRUSMINISTRY OF COMMUNICATIONS AND WORKS

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

DEPARTMENT OF ANTIQUITIES

FOR THE YEAR

2006

By

PAVLOS FLOURENTZOS

Director of the Department of Antiquities

PRINTED AT THE PRINTING OFFICEOF THE REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS

LEFKOSIA 2008

ISSN 1010–1136

SENIOR STAFFOF THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTIQUITIES,

AS ON 31st DECEMBER 2006

1. ADMINISTRATION:

Director: Pavlos Flourentzos,M.A. in Classical Archaeology and History of Art (Prague), Ph.D. (Prague),

Corresponding Member of the German Archaelogical Institute in Berlin.

2. CURATORS OF ANTIQUITIES:

Maria Hadjicosti,M.A. in Classical Archaeology and History (Prague), Ph.D. (Prague).

Marina Solomidou-Ieronymidou (15 April 2006),D.E.U.G., Licence, Maîtrise, D.E.A. in Archaeology and History of Art (UniversitéSorbonne-Paris IV).

3. ARCHAEOLOGICAL OFFICERS A :

Despo Pilidou,B.A. (Hons) in Archaeology (Institute of Archaeology, University of London), Ph.D.(University College London).

Vacant position

4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL OFFICERS:

Eleni Procopiou,B.A. in History and Archaeology (University of Athens).

George Philotheou,B.A. in History and Archaeology (University of Athens), D.E.A. postgraduate studiesin Byzantine Archaeology (Université Sorbonne-Paris I).

Eftychia Zachariou,M.A. in Classical Archaeology and Ancient History (Westfälische WilhelmsUniversität Münster).

Evi Fiouri,D.E.U.G., Licence, Maîtrise (Université Pantheon-Sorbonne, Paris I).

George Georgiou,B.A. in History and Archaeology (University of Athens).

Eustathios Raptou,D.E.U.G., Licence, Maîtrise, D.E.A. (Université Lumiére-Lyon II), Doctorat(Universite Lumiére-Lyon II).

Yiannis Violaris,B.A. in History and Archaeology (Aristoteleion University of Thessaloniki).

5. CONSERVATORS:

Andreas Georgiades,B.Sc. in Conservation of Archaeological Materials (Institute of Archaeology,London).

Stella Pissaridou,B.A. in Fine Arts (Aristoteleion University of Thessaloniki), Diploma inConservation (Italy).

Christakis Christofides (1 March 2006),B.Sc. in Chemistry (University of Cyprus), M.A. in the Conservation of HistoricObjects (University of Durham).

6. CONTRACT ARCHAEOLOGICAL OFFICERS:

Fryni Hadjichristophi,D.E.U.G., Licence, Maîtrise, D.E.A. in Archaeology and History of Art (Universitéde Reinne-Bretagne II), Doctorat in Early Christian Archaeology (UniversitéSorbonne-Paris IV).

Katerina Papanicolaou,B.A. in History and Archaeology (Aristoteleion University of Thessaloniki), D.E.A.in Archaeology (Université Aix-en-Provence).

Efthymia Alpha,B.A. in History and Archaeology (Aristoteleion University of Thessaloniki), M.A. inArchaeology and Prehistory (University of Sheffield).

Efthymios Shaftacolas,B.A. in Anthropology and History (Purdue University), M.Phil. in MediterraneanArchaeology (Glasgow University).

Popi Chrysostomou,B.Sc. in Archaeological Sciences (Bradford University), M.Sc. in Human Osteologyand Funerary Archaeology (University of Sheffield).

ANNUAL REPORT OF THEDEPARTMENT OF ANTIQUITIES FOR THE YEAR 2006

1. Introduction

The Department of Antiquities is part of the Ministry of Communi-cations and Works and is responsible for all archaeological sites,Ancient Monuments, Government Museums and all archaeologicalactivity on the island. It concerns itself with the excavation of archaeo-logical sites, the conservation and restoration of archaeologicalremains and ancient monuments of Schedule A and B, ranging chrono-logically from the Neolithic period to the 20th century –as defined bythe Antiquities Law–, the maintenance and expansion of archaeologicalmuseums and the creation of new ones, the promotion and use ofAncient Monuments and archaeological sites for didactic purposes andfor the development of cultural tourism. The Department organisesseminars, lectures, exhibitions etc. for the promotion of these aims.

During 2006 the Department of Antiquities continued to pursue itspolicy followed in the last 4 years focusing on research, conservationand promotion of monuments and archaeological sites.

2. General

The occupation of 36% of the territory of the Republic of Cyprus bythe Turkish army since 1974 continues to have disastrous and irrever-sible results on the cultural heritage of the island. Important archaeo-logical sites in the northern occupied part remain unprotected andmany churches are looted, their mosaics and frescoes destroyed orremoved and sold abroad.

Stolen and illicitly-exported antiquities from the occupied parts ofthe island continue to be traced on the illegal market. The Department,in collaboration with the Government, the Church Authorities and theHouse of Representatives, never fails to appeal to all relevant interna-tional organisations to safeguard the island's cultural heritage which isin peril.

3. Collaboration with international and other organisations

The Department continued its close co-operation with UNESCO,ICCROM, the Council of Europe, ICOM and ICOMOS, and reportedto these authorities the continued destruction of the cultural heritage ofCyprus in the occupied areas of the island. As already well known,Turkish troops bulldozed the Neolithic settlement of ApostolosAndreas-Kastros in 2005, while new excavations were initiated atGalinoporni (Ammochostos District) in violation of internationalprinciples. In co-operation with the then National Committee ofICOMOS and other local institutions, the Department of Antiquitiesmade official protests to international bodies and succeeded in freezingthe financial resources provided by a German foundation for theexcavations.

A memorandum of understanding was also signed with the UnitedStates of America for import restrictions to protect the specifiedCyprus cultural property, in accordance with Article 9 of the 1970UNESCO Convention.

The Department of Antiquities is partaking in the general effortinitiated by the European Union for the preservation and valorisationof the cultural heritage of the Mediterranean region, as it is activelyinvolved in a number of European projects such as REHABIMED andEGERIA and the project “Discovering the Archaeologists of Europe”.In the framework of the project REHABIMED which is part ofEuromed Heritage III, a pilot action was undertaken at the village ofLefkara by the Department of Antiquities in collaboration with theTown Planning Bureau. One of the most important objectives of theproject is the conservation, restoration and promotion of traditionalarchitecture as a sustainable development factor within the 15 Medi-terranean countries participating in this project. The pilot actioninvolves the conservation and restoration of 17 house façades, theimprovement of the electricity network, paving and signage. The areabeing restored is on the main road which leads to the large Church ofTimios Stavros, where the traditional houses have retained theircharacter to a large extent and those which have been interfered withand have lost their original features need to be restored.

The following Government organisations offered valuable co-operation and assistance: the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the LawOffice, the Permanent Delegation of Cyprus to UNESCO, the Ministry

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of Interior, the Police Department, the Department of Customs andExcise, the Department of Lands and Surveys, the Geological SurveyDepartment, the Government Printing Office, the Press andInformation Office, the District Officers, the municipalities and othergovernment bodies, the United Nations Office for Project Services(UNOPS), the Administration of the Sovereign British Bases atAkrotiri and Dekeleia and others.

4. Gifts received by the Government and other institutions/individuals

Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation: Restoration of theChurch of Panagia Kivotos, Agios Theodoros Agrou 5. 000

Village Community of Agios Theodoros Agrou:Restoration of the Church of Panagia Kivotos,Agios Theodoros Agrou 7.500

Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation: Restoration of theChurch of Agios Mamas, Alaminos 7.500

Cyprus Tourism Organisation (C.T.O.): Conservationof the Archaeological Site of Kouklia 15.000

Municipality of Idalion: Excavations at theArchaeological Site of Idalion 5.000

Committee of Expatriates and Friends of Anogyra:Restoration of the Church of Timios Stavros, Anogyra 2.500

French School at Athens: Excavations at theArchaeological Site of Amathous 695

Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation: Restoration of theChurch of Agia Marina, Agia Marina Xyliatou 7.500

Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation: Restoration of theChurch of Panagia Chryseleousa, Lysos 5.000

Community Council of Lysos: Restoration of theChurch of Panagia Chryseleousa, Lysos 10.000

Church Committee: Restoration of the Churchof Agios Nikolaos, Filousa 10.000

Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation: Restoration of theChurch of Agios Nikolaos, Filousa 1.500

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Community Council of Pera Oreinis: Restoration of theold Girls’ School at Pera Oreinis 7.500

Community Council of Mitsero: Excavations at theChurch of Panagia Lampadiotissa, Mitsero 2.000

Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation: Restoration of theChurch of Panagia Chrysorrogiatissa, Panagia 3.500

Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation: Restoration of theChurch of Agios Georgios Komanon, Mesana 5.000

Community Council of Mesana: Restoration of theChurch of Agios Georgios Komanon, Mesana 5.000

Community Council of Alithinou: Restoration of theChurch of Agia Anna, Alithinou 5.000

Community Council of Alithinou: Conservation of theChurch of Agia Anna, Alithinou 15.000

5. Cultural activities in Cyprus and abroad:

The Department of Antiquities co-operated with the followinginstitutions for the organisation of exhibitions and other cultural eventsin Cyprus and abroad:

– Photographic exhibition in the Cyprus Museum titled “Choirokoi-tia. Stone and Earthen Architecture: Reconstructing the NeolithicSettlement”, 6 April-27 May 2006 (Fig. 2).

– Participation in the exhibition organised by the Cycladic Museumin Athens titled “Shaping the beginning – Modern artists of the20th century and early civilisation in the eastern Mediterranean”,May-September 2006.

– Exhibition titled “History Lost” on the illegal excavation andtrafficking of antiquities, Cyprus Museum, 15 June-25 August2006 (Fig. 3).

– Participation in the exhibition “I profumi di Cipro”, which wasorganised at the Museo dell Civita dell’ Ulivo, Trevi, Peruggia,Italy, 23 June-12 November 2006.

– Participation in the exhibition “Forced Migrations: Expulsions ofPopulations in the 20th century”, Kronprinzenpalais, Unter derLinden, Berlin, 10 August-29 October 2006.

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– Participation in the exhibition “Monasticism at Athos andByzantine Orthodoxy”, Helsinki, Finland, 19 August 2006-21January 2007.

– Participation in the exhibition “ ” at theKathleen and Evagoras Lanitis Foundation in Lemesos,September 2006.

– Participation in the exhibition “Wine traditions of Limassol” inPatra, September-October 2006.

– Participation in the exhibition organised by the Cyprus PopularBank titled “The History of Medicine in Cyprus”, September-October 2006.

– Participation in the exhibition “Chypre d’Aphrodite à Melousine.Des royaumes anciens aux Lusignans”, organised at the Museumof Art and History, Geneva, 5 October 2006-25 March 2007.

– Participation in the exhibition “San Nicola di Bari. Il Corpo e ilimagine tra Oriente e Occidente”, Bari, 6 December 2006-6 May2007.

– The bi-annual Archaeology Award for the Preservation and Pro-motion of the Archaeological Heritage of Cyprus was presented tothe representative of the Swedish Cyprus Expedition (1927-1931), Professor Paul Åström (Fig. 4). On the occasion of theAward, the Department of Antiquities also organised a workshopwhich was held at the Bank of Cyprus offices in Agia Paraskevi,Lefkosia, 19 December 2006.

6. Publications

– Report of the Department of Antiquities Cyprus (RDAC), 2006.

– Annual Report of the Department of Antiquities Cyprus (ARDAC),1999.

– Annual Report of the Department of Antiquities Cyprus (ARDAC),2004.

– E. Peltenburg (ed.), The Chalcolithic Cemetery of Souskiou-Vathyrkakas, Cyprus.

7. Use of Ancient Monuments for Cultural functions:

The Castle of Larnaka was used by Intercollege for the students’

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graduation ceremonies.

The Castle of Lemesos was used by the Municipality of Lemesos,O.M. Destination Management, Aspasia Theodorou, Travelscope Ltd.,Ernst & Young Ltd., and Premier Ltd. for various performances andevents.

The Castle of Kolossi was used by the Headmaster of the Gymna-sium of Trachoni, Palm Destination Management, Marion Cain, St.John’s School, Simon Cain, the Community Council of Kolossi,Drakos Travel Ltd., the Army Benevolent Fund of Cyprus, and NikiSports Management for receptions and cultural performances.

The Archaeological site of Amathous was used by the CommunityCouncil of Agios Tychonas and the Ministry of Justice and PublicOrder for various performances.

The Ancient Theatre of Kourion was used by Outbound Travel Ltd.,Drakos Travel Ltd., Palm Destination Management, Coeur-de-LionLions club, Midas Touch Productions, Carole Cording, Pascal EnglishSchool, the Cyprus Theatre Organisation, the Cyprus Centre of theInternational Theatre Institute, the University of Cyprus, Roll OutVision Services, Galaxias Productions, the Regional Theatre ‘Scala’Ltd., the ‘Satyricon’ Theatre, and C.M. Kalamatianos for theatrical,musical and other cultural performances.

The Odeon of Pafos was used by Creative Industries Ltd., theInternational School of Pafos, ETHAL, the Cyprus Centre of theInternational Theatre Institute, and the ‘Satyricon’ Theatre fortheatrical and other cultural performances.

The Castle of Pafos was used by the Municipality of Pafos, theLyceum of Agios Neofytos, the Council of Vine and Wine Products, theYoung Social Democrats, Kolizey Producing Ltd., Microsoft Ltd., theSociety “Make a Wish”, the C.T.O., the Pancyprian Association for theProtection of Animals, Arena DMC, and Sports Division for music andother performances.

The Kouklia Mansion was used by the Community Council ofKouklia, Atlantis Productions, Creative Tours, Pharos Trust, Travel-scope, and Incema Travel for musical and other cultural performances.

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8. Excavations

The major excavations carried out by the staff of the Department ofAntiquities continued at the sites of Amathous (Lower City), Idalionand Kolossi. Large-scale rescue excavations were held in Lefkosia atthe Hill of Agios Georgios (PA.SY.D.Y), which is the proposed site forthe erection of the House of Representatives, in the plot on the cornerof Hadjopoullou and Nikokreontos streets, at Palaion Demarcheion(the site for the new Town Hall), and the ETEK building. Excavationswere also undertaken at the site of the new building of the Council ofthe Sewage Board, and on Kinyras street, the site for the erection of thenew building of the Town Planning Bureau. Research carried out by thestaff of the Department of Antiquities is supplemented by excavationsby the University of Cyprus as well as foreign archaeological missionscarrying out excavations, surveys or periods of study of excavatedmaterial.

The following foreign archaeological missions carried out excava-tions, study seasons or surveys in Cyprus this year:

a) The American Mission of the University of Nevada at KritouMarottou-Ais Giorkis, directed by Prof. A. Simmons.

b) The French Mission of the CNRS at Choirokoitia, directed byDr A. Le Brun.

c) The British Mission of the University of East Anglia atKalavasos-Kokkinogia and Kalavasos-Pampoules, directed byDr J. Clarke.

d) The British Mission of the University of Edinburgh atSouskiou-Laona, by Prof. E. Peltenburg.

e) The British Mission of the University of Lampeter at Arediou-Vouppes, directed by Dr Louise Steel.

f) The Swedish Mission at Dromolaxia-Vyzakia, directed by Prof.Paul Åström and Prof. Karin Nys.

g) The American Mission of the University of Cincinnati atEpiskopi-Pampoula, directed by Prof. Gisela Walberg.

h) The American Mission of Princeton at Polis Chrysochou,directed by Prof. W.A.P. Childs.

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i) The French Mission of the French School of Athens atAmathous, directed by B. Blandin, T. Petit and I. Tassignon.

j) The American Mission of the State University of New York atGeronisos, directed by Prof. Joan Breton Connelly.

k) The Australian Mission of the University of Sydney at theancient theatre of Kato Pafos, directed by Prof. Richard Green.

l) The Polish Mission at Kato Pafos, directed by Prof. W.A.Daszewski.

m) The Italian Mission of the University of Catania at Nea Pafos-Toumpallos, directed by Prof. F. Giudice.

n) The Georgian Mission at the Monastery of Gialia, Pafos,directed by Dr Iulon Gagashidre.

o) Underwater survey of south-west Cyprus by the Universities ofCambridge and Southampton, directed by Duncan S. Howitt-Marshall.

p) Survey of “Dreamer’s Bay”, Akrotiri, directed by BrockUniversity and Dr J.L. Leonard.

q) Underwater survey of Episkopi Bay of the Institute of NauticalArchaeology, Texas A&M University, directed by JustinLeidwanger.

9. Ancient Monuments

The restoration, conservation and promotion of archaeological sitesand monuments which form an important part of the activities of theDepartment of Antiquities, was continued on the same scale in 2006.This year the Department’s activities focused on important monumentsin urban environments or in large communities, although significantrestoration work was also carried out in both large and smaller monu-ments in small villages. As usual, an effort was made to equally distri-bute restoration funds amongst the various districts of the island andalso to monuments of all periods. Extensive work was undertaken atthe Medieval Castles of Kolossi and Larnaka for general improvementsand the extension of the exhibition space in the case of Larnaka Castle.

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The Department also continued with its policy for the restoration ofMoslem religious monuments in Lefkosia, Larnaka and Pafos, fundedby the Department of Antiquities, the Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties and the Town Planning Bureau.

A large number of churches and monasteries were also restored inco-operation with the local church committees and the Anastasios G.Leventis Foundation.

Restoration of the timber-roofed churches of Troodos included inthe World Heritage List of UNESCO continued. The wall-paintings andwood-carved elements of a number of these churches were restored andthe study for the installation of fire and burglar alarm systems wascompleted. The conservation of wall-paintings and woodwork of alarge number of other churches was also undertaken.

Supervision of the controlled areas around the settlements of tradi-tional architecture continued and a large number of buildings of tradi-tional style were restored in both urban and rural areas, in close colla-boration with either private owners or the local authorities, in the casesof Monuments of Schedule B. Apart from houses of traditional archi-tecture, pre-industrial installations in many parts of the island werealso restored. Special emphasis was given to the monuments in thecentre of Kalopanagiotis and Peristerona, around the five-domedChurch of Agioi Varnavas and Ilarion.

The remains of a large number of archaeological sites were restoredon a large scale; sites were fenced or fences were replaced, cleaningoperations and other improvements were carried out. Special attentionwas given to large archaeological sites / tourist destinations such asKato Pafos, Kouklia-Palaipafos, Kourion and Amathous, within theframework of the implementation of general master plans for theprotection and promotion of these monuments. Restoration was alsocarried out at all the sites where excavation was completed and the pre-paration of the material for publication has begun. Conservation wasundertaken at sites under excavation such as Amathous, Idalion, theSugarmill of the Castle of Kolossi, on the Hill of Agios Georgios,Lefkosia, and the site of Palaion Demarcheion, Lefkosia. The study forthe construction of a shelter to protect the mosaics of Kato Pafoscontinued in the framework of the second part of the LandscapingMaster Plan. In addition information signs are being prepared for the

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archaeological sites of Kouklia-Palaipafos and Amathous as well as inless frequently visited sites such as Kissonerga-Mosfilia, Alassa andAlampra.

Conservation of the mosaics in the House of Achilles, the House ofthe Gladiators, the House of Aion and the House of Dionysus atKourion continued at an intensive pace and preparation work is beingcarried out for the restoration of the mosaics at the Temple ofAphrodite at Kouklia-Palaipafos.

10. Museums

Improvement work was carried out in the Ethnological Museum ofHadjigeorgakis Kornesios, the Ethnological Museum of Fikardou, theLarnaka District Museum, the museums at Kato Drys, Pano Lefkaraand Episkopi, the Lemesos District Museum, the Museum at Kouklia-Palaipafos, and the Museum of Folk Art at Geroskipou.

1. Cyprus Museum, Lefkosia: In 2006 construction work wascarried out in the interior of the museum: walls were repaired in severalexhibition rooms and the supports of the objects were painted. Newshelves were constructed in one of the store-rooms and the roof ofasbestos in the courtyard of the offices in Omirou Street was replaced.

2. Ethnological Museum, the House of Hadjigeorgakis Kornesios,Lefkosia: A new exhibition case was added in the room where thejewellery is exhibited and an old authentic town lady’s costume wasexhibited. The costume (known as Amalia’s costume) consists of a longsilk skirt, a silk blouse with handmade lace trimmings and a tightembroidered vest as well as a silk-stamped headscarf. It was donated tothe museum by Mrs Cameron, the granddaughter of the ColonialSecretary in the 1930s. The costume was supplemented with jewelleryof the same period, made in Cyprus.

3. Larnaka District Museum: The fence around the museum wascompleted and a shelter was constructed for the sarcophagi from thestorerooms of Kition.

4. Local Medieval Museum, Larnaka Castle: The façade wasrestored and new information signs are being prepared for theexhibition of Early Christian objects as well as for the funerary stelaeof the medieval period in the southern rooms of the Castle.

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5. Lemesos District Museum: The extension of the museum wascompleted with the erection of a new store-room in the atrium andimprovements were made in the exhibition rooms and in the atrium.

6. Pafos District Museum: The shed was extended so as to enable therelocation of the architectural members in the courtyard of the museumand the garden in front was improved. The procedure for the constructionplans of the extension of the museum was promoted. The restoration ofthe hotel Apollo was completed and it is now used for the accommodationof the foreign archaeological missions working in the Pafos District.

7. Local Museum, Palaipafos (Kouklia):A shed was constructed forthe architectural members housed in the museum and the NW part ofthe building was restored. Restoration of the old school building, whichwill function as a ticket office for the museum and the site, has begun.

8. Local Museum, Marion-Arsinoe: New shelves in the semi-basement store were constructed for material from the excavations atPolis Chrysochou to be stored.

9. Folk Art Museum, Geroskipou: The museum exhibition wasenriched with new wooden carts pulled by oxen which were donated tothe Department of Antiquities by Mr G. Stylianou. They were placed ina shed which was specially constructed at the front of the museum.

10. House of Archbishop Makarios III, Panagia: The woodenexhibits of the museum such as the chests, wardrobes and otherfurniture were restored by a Conservator of the Cyprus Museum.

11. Visitors to Museums and Ancient Monuments

The total number of visitors to Ancient Monuments and Museumsin 2006 was 1,278,512, showing a decrease of 14.38% in comparisonto the total number of visitors during 2005.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE/MUSEUM VISITORS

2005 2006

1. Mosaics at Kato Pafos 304.451 272.4032. Kourion Archaeological Site 274.699 228.5773. “Tombs of the Kings”, Kato Pafos 219.044 191.1594. Cyprus Museum, Lefkosia 84.157 57.8345. Kolossi Castle 85.400 80.868

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12. Library

During 2006 the Library of the Department of Antiquities acquired263 new volumes from donations, purchases or through exchanges.

The annual subscriptions to 230 periodicals were renewed. Apartfrom the personnel of the Department of Antiquities, 351 personsaccessed the library, primarily members of the foreign archaeologicalmissions working in Cyprus, students and academic staff of theUniversity of Cyprus or of other universities and members of the public.

13. Senior Staff Activities

The scientific personnel of the Department of Antiquities partici-pated in conferences and gave lectures in Cyprus and abroad promotingthe archaeology of Cyprus.

The Director of the Department of Antiquities Dr P. Flourentzosparticipated in a conference titled “Anti-seismic interventions inmonuments and historical settlements” in Athens, 16-17 February. Healso participated in a conference on the subject of “The ancient mosaicsin the Mediterranean”, at Modica, Sicily, 22-23 February. He partici-pated with a paper in the Conference “Movement and exchange ofgoods, ideas and technology in the Aegean and the eastern Mediterra-nean”, Ohlstadt, Germany, 19-21 May. He participated in an interna-tional conference of Med Mus titled “Born in the Mediterranean” atTangiers, Morocco, 7-12 June, and gave an opening speech at theinauguration of the exhibition “The perfumes of Cyprus”, at Trevi,Italy, 20-25 June. He was present at the inauguration of the exhibition“ ” in Patra, Greece, 13-14 October, organised by themunicipalities of Patra and Lemesos on the occasion of the celebrationsfor the selection of Patra as the Cultural Capital of Europe for 2006. Healso participated in the workshop of ARCANE in Lefkosia, 4-5December, with an opening speech.

The Curator of Ancient Monuments Dr M. Hadjicosti gave a paper(in Greek) at the workshop organised by the Department of Antiquitieson the occasion of the bi-annual Archaeology Award, titled “AncientIdalion: The excavations of the Department of Antiquities and theSwedish Mission”, 19 December. She gave the same paper at theArchaeological Research Unit, University of Cyprus.

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The Archaeological Officer A Dr M. Solomidou-Ieronymidouparticipated in the workshop organised by the Department of Antiqui-ties on the occasion of the bi-annual Archaeology Award with a paper(in Greek) titled “The latest research on the Church of Agios Varnavasand Ilarion, Peristerona”, 19 December.

The Archaeological Officer A Dr D. Pilides presented the resultsof the excavations at the Hill of Agios Georgios, Lefkosia, in aneducational event organized in collaboration with Rotary Club (Ledra)Nicosia on 12 July as well as at the 22nd Annual Workshop organised byCAARI and the Department of Antiquities, in Lefkosia, 26 June.

She also gave a paper (in Greek) at the workshop organised by theDepartment of Antiquities on the occasion of the bi-annual ArchaeologyAward, titled “The contribution of the Swedish Cyprus Expedition toCyprus”, Lefkosia, 19 December.

The Archaeological Officer E. Procopiou, gave a lecture titled“Archaeological topography of Amathous” at the Rotary ClubLemesos, 20 January, as well as a lecture titled “Cyprus-Arab raids,650-695 A.D., the archaeological evidence” in the framework of theEuropean project EURO-MED III “Byzantium and the early Islam”,Athens, 10 February. In the framework of the same project she gaveanother paper titled “Introduction to the history of Conservation/ Re-storation of Byzantine Monuments in Cyprus and Management of aByzantine monument. A Case-study: Panagia Galousa”, 16-20November. She also presented the results of the excavations at Erimi inthe 24th Annual Workshop organized by CAARI, Lefkosia, 29 June andgave a paper (in Greek) at the workshop organised by the Departmentof Antiquities on the occasion of the bi-annual Archaeology Award,titled “Archaeological, Museological and Archaeometric studies in theDistrict of Lemesos 2005-2006”, 19 December.

The Archaeological Officer G. Philotheou also participated in theworkshop organised by the Department of Antiquities on the occasionof the bi-annual Archaeology Award, with a paper (in Greek) titled“The Conservation and Restoration of the Byzantine monuments in thedistrict of Lemesos”, 19 December.

The Archaeological Officer E. Zachariou also participated in theworkshop organised by the Department of Antiquities on the occasionof the bi-annual Archaeology Award, with a paper (in Greek) titled

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“Rescue Excavations in the city of Lefkosia”, 19 December. She alsoparticipated in an international conference titled “Cyprus and the NearEast in the 19th century”, organised by the Centre of InterdisciplinaryCypriote Studies of the University of Münster, Germany, with a papertitled “Greek Scholars and their interest in the preservation of themonuments of Cyprus”, 17-18 November.

The Archaeological Officer E. Fiouri gave a paper (in Greek) at theworkshop organised by the Department of Antiquities on the occasionof the bi-annual Archaeology Award, titled “Activities of the De-partment of Antiquities in the field of traditional architecture - theEuropean project Rehabimed”, 19 December.

The Archaeological Officer E. Raptou gave a paper (in Greek) at theworkshop organised by the Department of Antiquities on the occasionof the bi-annual Archaeology Award, titled “Recent Excavations in thearea of Polis tis Chrysochou”, 19 December.

The Archaeological Officer Y. Violaris gave a lecture at the VIIICongresso Internacional de Cerámica Medieval en el Mediterráneo, inco-operation with M.-L. von Wartburg on the subject of “Pottery of the12th and 13th centuries from a major Medieval site in Nicosia (Cyprus):A typological and analytical approach to a stratigraphically closedassemblage” at Cuidad Real, Spain, 27 February-3 March. He alsogave a paper at the conference “Finds and results from the SwedishCyprus expedition- A gender perspective”, with the title “The SwedishCyprus Expedition through the local press of Cyprus”, Stockholm, 31March-2 April. He gave the same paper (in Greek) at the workshoporganized by the Department of Antiquities on the occasion of the bi-annual Archaeology Award, 19 December.

The Conservator S. Pissaridou gave a paper (in Greek) at theworkshop organized by the Department of Antiquities on the occasionof the bi-annual Archaeology Award, titled “Conservation and Pre-servation of Wall-paintings and Iconostases in the Ancient Monumentsof Cyprus by the Department of Antiquities”, 19 December.

The Conservator C. Christofides participated in and spoke at theCoordination Meeting RER/1/2006 IAEA on “Nuclear Techniques forthe Protection of Cultural Heritage Artefacts in the MediterraneanRegion”, in Vienna, Austria, 27-29 November.

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APPENDIX INote: Except where otherwise stated the works described below were carried out by the

Department’s staff and paid for from Government funds. The Monuments marked withan asterisk are in the custody of the Department, some being Government property andsome by special arrangement with the owners.

A. PRE-CHRISTIAN, BYZANTINE AND MEDIEVALMONUMENTS

LEFKOSIA DISTRICT

Lefkosia, the Venetian Walls*.- A section of the moat at the entrance ofthe Nicosia Field Club near Pafos Gate was paved this year.Also, the masonry of the interior surface of Famagusta Gatewas conserved and sprayed with lime. (Cost: 52.923).

Lefkosia, Medieval Hall of Kastelliotissa*. – Small-scale conservationwork was carried out on the masonry of the interior of theHall, which was sprayed with lime. (Department of Anti-quities: 1.162; Ministry of Education and Culture:1.000).

Agios Dometios, Church of Agios Dometios. – The Church of AgiosDometios is a single-aisled vaulted church and, on the basisof its morphological characteristics, dates to the 17th or thebeginning of the 18th century. This year, the Department ofAntiquities undertook large-scale conservation and restora-tion work on the church. The work involved the removal ofall recent plastering from the masonry of the interiorsurfaces, the grouting of the masonry, the application of anew layer of lime plaster, the removal of the later floor ofmosaic tiles and its replacement with Cypriot gypsummarble tiles identical to the original ones, and theconstruction and installation of new wooden doors andwindows identical to the original ones. In addition, a newelectrical supply was installed and the surviving wall-paintings as well as the carved wooden iconostasis wereconserved.

The substratum of the wall-painting on the north wall,especially its lower section, was found in a decayingcondition. Also, due to rising humidity and the presence ofsalts, the wall-painting colours were beginning to peel off.

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In addition, gaps were evident in the substratum of thepaintings as well as inflations. In some parts the paintingwas detached from the masonry and its edges had beencovered by gypsum. The substratum was thus consolidatedand reaffixed to the masonry with injections. The colour wasalso consolidated. The gypsum was removed from thepainting’s edges, the perimeter was supported, the gaps inthe substratum were filled and a new, improved mortarreplaced the old one. Throughout the interior of the buildingsmall fragments of wall-painting exist. The edges of thesefragments were also found detached from the masonry dueto the plaster which covered them. Here too the substratumand colour were consolidated and reaffixed. (Governmentcontribution: 5.514,36; Church Committee: 5.514,36).

Agia Marina Xyliatou, Church of Agia Marina. – The large-scaleconservation and restoration work on the small timber-roofed Church of Agia Marina, which began in 2005, wascompleted this year. After the construction work, the woodconservation and restoration work had finished, theconservation of the wood-carved iconostasis and theEpiscopal throne were undertaken. Some of the goldplaiting and colour on the iconostasis, especially on itsupper part, was lost due to the leakage of water from theroof. There were traces of burning and soot marks on someparts, whereas small sections were over-painted with colourand brass. Some fragments from the woodcarving weremissing and new woodcarving was added on the apse door.The lower part was damaged mainly due to insect activity.The Crucifixion and the Lypera bore a thick layer of varnishwith traces of oxidisation and concentrations of soot andgrease. There were gaps in the layers of colour and itssubstratum, inflations, flaking and some sections weremissing. The Episcopal throne and the iconostasis werecovered with layers of brown-coloured varnish. The sootand brass on the iconostasis were removed using bothchemical and mechanical means; the oxidised varnish wascleaned off the Crucifixion and the Lypera and the brown-coloured varnish was removed from the throne and theiconostasis. In addition, the gold plating and the colours

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were consolidated with animal glue. The badly preservedwooden structures were consolidated with Paraloid andwherever there were missing fragments in the woodcarving,the necessary reconstruction was made. The parapet(thorakion) situated under the icon of the Archangel on theapse door was replaced with wood since the existing onewas a later addition. Finally, the iconostasis and the rest ofthe objects were coated with a natural varnish. (Govern-ment contribution: 9.830,08; Anastasios G. LeventisFoundation and Church Committee: 9.830,08).

Agios Sozomenos, the Chapel of Agios Sozomenos. – The Chapel ofAgios Sozomenos is a rock-cut structure in the desertedvillage of Agios Sozomenos, located in the so-called“Buffer Zone”. The wall-paintings were inflated and hadcome loose from the rocky surface; there were also gaps inthe substratum. They were covered by some kind of syntheticmaterial, blackened with soot and encrusted with saltcrusts. The substratum of the wall-paintings was re-affixedto the rocky surface with injectable material and the gapswere filled in. The plastering was also replaced as it hadbeen damaged due to recent vandalism and it was partlycleaned with chemical and mechanical means. (Govern-ment contribution: 2.834,57; Church Committee:2.834,57).

Alithinou, Church of Agia Anna. – (Figs 5-6). The small single-aisledChurch of Agia Anna dates to the 18th century with somelater additions. In 1992 the Department of Antiquitiesrestored the timber roof as well as the wooden doors andwindows. This year, the surrounding area was landscaped.A paved floor was constructed around the church alongwith a surrounding wall constructed with stone from theTroodos area. In addition, the worn flat hook-shaped rooftiles were replaced on the north side of the roof. (Govern-ment contribution: 6.141,65; Alithinou Community Council:1.141,65).

Alona, Church of Agios Georgios. – Conservation work took place on thestone-built bell-tower of the timber-roofed Church of AgiosGeorgios, where some cracks had appeared on the upper partof the bell-tower. The heavily worn stones were replaced

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with new ones, which were then grouted. (Governmentcontribution: 5.325,58; Church Committee: 5.325,58).

Analiontas, Monastery of Archangelos Michail. – (Figs 7-8). This yearthe roof of the northern and eastern wings of the monasticcells was fully restored. All the roof-tiles were replacedwith new ones and the old worn straw mats were replacedwith new hand-made ones. The new roof was rebuilt on acorrected slope. The restoration of the roof of all the mo-nastic wings, a project that began in 2004, was completedthis year. (Government contribution: 24.273,73; HolyArchbishopric of Cyprus: 24.273,73).

Askas, Church of Timios Stavros. – The Church of Timios Stavros is athree-aisled timber-roofed building with recent additions.Around the church, a paved floor comprised of stones fromthe Troodos area was laid by a private contractor.(Government contribution: 5.000).

Dali, Chapel of Agios Theodoros. – (Figs 9-10). The Chapel of AgiosTheodoros is carved in the natural rock and has conse-quently been facing constant problems due to its exposureto the elements. Thus, the construction of a large protectiveshelter was considered necessary. The shelter was designedby a private contractor and constructed by a privatecompany in cooperation with the Department of Antiquities.It is a modern, light construction that respects the characterof the monument. (Government contribution: 31.558).

Geri, Church of Panagia Chryseleousa. – (Figs 11-12). The Church ofPanagia Chryseleousa is a single-aisled barrel-vaultedbuilding. This year the Department of Antiquities beganlarge-scale conservation and restoration work on thebuilding, which included the following: the removal of therecent cement/clay plastering that covered the roof and theapplication of a special insulation material, the removal ofall recent plastering and grouting both from the exterior andthe interior surfaces of the building, the replacement ofsome much weathered stones from the masonry, theapplication of new lime plaster on the interior surface of themasonry, the removal of a recent mosaic-tiled floor surface,the restoration of the worn older floor surface of Cypriot

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gypsum marble tiles, the construction of a new floorcomprised of the same materials, the removal of recentplastering from the stone arch, the construction of newdoors and windows, the conservation and restoration of thewooden women’s quarters and of the stone bell-tower andfinally, the installation of a new electrical supply. The workis expected to be completed next year with the landscapingof the church yard. (Government contribution: 24.851,77;Church Committee: 24.851,78).

Kakopetria, Church of Metamorfosis tou Sotiros. – The conservationand restoration work that began last year by a privatecontractor on this 18th century timber-roofed churchcontinued this year. (Government contribution: 13.530).

Kaliana, Church of Agioi Ioakeim and Anna. – This year conservationwork began on the 12th and 15th century wall-paintingspreserved in the two-aisled timber-roofed Church of AgioiIoakeim and Anna. The wall-paintings are on the north walland are divided into two chronological groups. In the lowerparts of the paintings, especially in the section that is closeto the holy depository and to the notch to the left of theiconostasis, inflations had appeared as well as gaps in thesubstratum, sections were beginning to detach from themasonry and as a result of humidity the substratum wasgenerally decaying. The edges of some sections of the wall-paintings on the upper part of the apse were covered withgypsum and to the right of the apse the masonry wascovered with cement mortar. The substratum of the wall-paintings was consolidated and fixed on the masonry withinjected material. Meanwhile the old mortar was removedand the cement mortar and the edges were released from thegypsum plastering. Finally, the masonry was supportedaround its perimeter and was covered with a suitableplaster. (Government contribution: 3.983,49; Holy Bisho-pric of Morfou and Church of Agioi Ioakeim and Anna:3.983,50).

Kalo Chorio (Klirou), Church of Agios Georgios. – (Figs 13-14). Thelarge-scale conservation and restoration work that began in2005 on the Church of Agios Georgios continued this year.The work involved the entire restoration of the church roof.

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Thus, all the recent ‘French’-type tiles were removed, theroof was insulated and new ‘Byzantine’-type tiles wereused. New plastering was applied on the interior surface ofthe masonry, the recent mosaic-tile floor surface wasremoved and a new floor was laid comprised of traditionalCypriot gypsum marble tiles. Also, the wood-carved icono-stasis that was not supported properly by the two side wallswas consolidated, a new electrical supply was installed andnew wooden doors and windows were constructed in thetraditional style. The work will continue next year.(Government contribution: 18.786,39; Church of AgiosGeorgios: 18.786,39).

Kampia, Church of Agios Georgios. – (Figs 15-16). The conservationand restoration work on the Church of Agios Georgioscontinued this year. Last year the church roof was restored.This year’s work involved the conservation and restorationof the church interior. The gypsum plastering was removedand new plaster was applied, the worn Cypriot gypsumfloor marble tiles were replaced with new ones, the twoworn doorsteps and doorframes were replaced, new woodendoors were made identical to the old ones and the small ori-ginal wooden window in the south was conserved.(Government contribution: 8.093,94; Church Committee:8.093,94).

Kampos, Monastery of Panagia Elikon. – A protective shelter waserected. (Government contribution: 7.500).

Korakou, Church of Panagia Eleousa. – (Figs 17-18). Large-scaleconservation and restoration work began this year on thisthree-aisled timber-roofed church dated to the 18th century.In 2003 the Department of Antiquities began theconservation and restoration of the stone-built bell-tower.Work began in the last three months of this year andinvolved the removal of the recent plastering from theinterior and exterior masonry, the cleaning of the arches,the removal of modern interventions in the women’squarters, the removal of a section of the modern mosaic tilefloor surface, and the removal of all worn pillars from theinterior of the peculiar timber roof. The work will continue

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next year. (Government contribution: 4.094,58; ChurchCommittee: 4.094,58).

Kourdali, Church of Panagia Chrysokourdaliotissa. – Small-scalecarpentry work took place in this three-aisled timber-roofedchurch, mainly involving the filling in of the gap betweenthe interior and the exterior of the saddle-roof with planksof wood. This work was considered necessary due to theproblems caused by pigeons entering the monument. Alarge number of pigeon nests were found inside the church.(Government contribution: 644,95; Church Committee:644,96).

Leivadia, Church of Agia Paraskevi. – A team of carpenters from theDepartment of Antiquities began working on the con-struction and installation of a small wooden shelter on theexterior west side and part of the south side of this single-aisled timber-roofed church. (Government contribution:3.448,28; Church Committee: 3.448,28).

Linou, Church of Agia Marina. – (Figs 19-20). The Church of AgiaMarina in Linou is a small single-aisled timber-roofedchurch probably dated to the 18th century with lateradditions. This year, the Department of Antiquities began torestore the timber roof after removing all the worn flathook-shaped roof tiles and the decayed wooden elements.(Government contribution: 13.816,03; ChurchCommittee: 13.816,03).

Mitsero, ruined Church of Panagia Lampadiotissa. – The conservationof the ruined Church of Panagia Lampadiotissa in Mitserocontinued this year. Following the excavation of the ruinedmonument, the surrounding area was landscaped withsupporting walls in the west, north and south sides of thechurch. (Government contribution: 3.013,56; MitseroCommunity Council: 3.013,56).

Pera Oreinis, Church of Agios Georgios. – (Figs 21-22). This year awooden shelter was constructed and installed to protect theruins of the single-aisled Church of Agios Georgios at PeraOreinis. The shelter was designed by a private company andthe work was also carried out by a private contractor. The

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Department of Antiquities completed a small excavationaround the church prior to its landscaping. The excavationrevealed a burial in the south and quantities of medieval andmore recent pottery sherds. (Government contribution:14.000).

Peristerona, Church of Agioi Varnavas and Ilarion. – (Figs 23-24). Thelarge-scale work on this five-domed church which began in2005 was completed this year. This year’s work involvedthe conservation and restoration of the tall stone-built bell-tower. (Government contribution: 2.771,53; Church Com-mittee: 2.771,54).

Platanistasa, Church of Archangelos Michail. – (Figs 25-26). TheChurch of Archangelos Michail in Platanistasa is a largethree-aisled timber-roofed church dating to the 18th-19th

centuries. This year the exterior masonry was conservedand restored. Specifically, all recent cement plastering wasremoved and the masonry was grouted. Also, two newwooden doors were constructed to replace the originaldoors that had decayed. Finally, small-scale conservationwas undertaken on the wood-carved iconostasis, whichsuffered severe damage, especially in its lower parts due toinsect activity. The parapet beneath Christ’s image and thelower part of the parapet at the left side of the iconostasiswere decayed to such an extent that the only remaining partof the gold-plated carving was its outer surface. On thefront surface the gold was consolidated while on the reversesurface the gaps in the wood were filled in with wood pulpand wood. In order to prevent further damage insecticidewas applied and the wood on the entire reverse surface ofthe iconostasis was treated with preservative. (Governmentcontribution: 14.075.88; Church of Archangelos Michail:14.075,88. Wall-paintings – Government contribution:1.504,79; Church Committee: 1.504,80).

Platanistasa, Church of Agios Ioannis Theologos. – The Church ofAgios Ioannis Theologos in Platanistasa is a single-aisled,timber-roofed building and dates to the 18th century. It wasnoted that there were later additions of wood-carvedelements on the iconostasis (a number of which had a layer

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of grey paint over them), that there were large cracks andbreakages in the wood, that many fragments were missingand some of the connecting elements had loosened. Alsolayers of gold and colour were missing from the gold-platedwoodcarving and in some parts layers of bronze had beenadded. In addition it had black patches caused by soot. Thisyear, small-scale conservation took place on the parts of thewood-carved iconostasis that were decayed or missing. Thechancel flaps were in some parts inflated and the fabric wasdetached from the wooden substratum. In the lower part ofthe flaps the colours were stained. After the gold and thecolours were consolidated with animal glue, the iconostasiswas mechanically and chemically cleaned, the brass and thegrey paint were removed. The right chancel flap wasreplaced with wood since the existing one was a recentaddition and it had the remains of an icon on its reversesurface. The left chancel support was also replaced since itwas not only a later addition but broken as well. A parapetwas also added onto the apse door and the gaps in thewoodcarvings were filled in. The reverse side of theiconostasis was sprayed against insects and was coveredwith natural varnish. (Government contribution: 2.531,93;Church Committee: 2.531,94).

Skouriotissa, Church of Panagia Skouriotissa. – The Church ofPanagia Skouriotissa is a single-aisled timber-roofedchurch, dating to the 14th-15th centuries. The wood-carvediconostasis was damaged and some wooden fragments weremissing as a result of insect activity. Also, in some partsthere were signs of burning, soot and discolouration due torising humidity and some parts on its reverse surface werecovered in light blue oil paint. Oxidised varnish was notedon the Crucifixion as well as black marks on the interiordoor surfaces, whereas the exterior surfaces were worn dueto their exposure to the elements. The iconostasis and thedoors were chemically and mechanically cleaned, the oilpaint was removed, and they were treated with insecticideand with wood preservative. The “heaven” above theepistyle of the iconostasis decorated with a coloured motif

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was protected with natural varnish after its colours wereconsolidated. On the Crucifixion the old varnish and the oilpaint on the reverse surface were removed and naturalvarnish was used to protect it. Finally, the thick layer ofaccumulated soot, greasy oils and wax were removed fromthe stone altar. (Government contribution: 2.504,42; HolyBishopric of Morfou: 2.504,43).

Strovolos, Church of Panagia Chryseleousa. – The edges of the wall-painting on the apse of the Church of Panagia Chryseleousain Strovolos were covered with gypsum, and inflations,decay and gaps were observed on the substratum. Thecolour was also peeling off due to rising humidity. Thesubstratum was consolidated and reaffixed to the masonrywith injections and the colour was also consolidated. Thegypsum was removed from the edges, the perimeter wassupported, the substratum gaps were filled in and a suitablemortar was applied in the area around the wall-painting.(Government contribution: 310,72; Church Committee:310,73).

LARNAKA DISTRICT

Larnaka, the Castle*. – The conservation and restoration of the Castlein the town of Larnaka continued this year with the conser-vation of the façade. The badly worn stones of the masonrywere replaced; the grouting was completed and the frontwooden door was conserved. (Government contribution:22.658).

Larnaka, Kebir Mosque. – The conservation and restoration of theKebir Mosque which was damaged by an earthquake in1996 continued this year. This included the replacement ofthe decayed stones and the consolidation and grouting ofthe masonry. The work will continue next year. (Govern-ment contribution: 24.157,31; Service for the Manage-ment of Turkish-Cypriot Properties: 24.157,32).

Agios Theodoros, Church of Agios Athanasios Pentaschoinitis. – Thisyear’s work involved the conservation of the monument’seast side. A stone wall was constructed in order to support

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the whole extent of the east side. (Government contri-bution: 4.735,63; Holy Bishopric of Morfou: 4.735,63).

Alaminos, Church of Agios Mamas. – (Figs 27-28). The large-scaleconservation and restoration work on the Church of AgiosMamas in Alaminos village was completed this year and theinterior of the church was restored. The later layers ofplaster were removed and new lime mortar was applied. Alarge number of worn stones from the masonry werereplaced, the arches were cleaned, and the later mosaic tilefloor surface was removed and replaced with Cypriotgypsum marble tiles. New wooden doors were constructedand a new electrical system was installed. Restoration ofthe bell-tower that has later concrete additions will beundertaken at a later date. (Government contribution:12.763,06; Church Committee and Anastasios G. LeventisFoundation: 12.763,06).

Mosfiloti, Monastery of Agia Thekla. – This year small-scale work tookplace on the monastery’s exterior north side. A low stone-built enclosure was constructed along with some steps.(Government contribution: 3.531,41; Monastery of AgiaThekla: 3.531,41).

Psematismenos, Church of Agia Marina. – Small-scale conservationwork on the wall-paintings of the 19th-century Church ofAgia Marina occurred this year. The surface of the wall-paintings of the Agia Prothesis was flaky and the coloursubstratum was pulverized. Inflations were also noted andthe paintings were partially detached from the masonry dueto humidity. In addition, water was seeping through thecracks in the masonry. The substratum was consolidatedand reaffixed to the masonry with injections. The colourwas also consolidated. The upper part of the masonry of theconch of Agia Prothesis that does not bear any wall-paintings was covered with the appropriate plaster.(Government contribution: 735,91; Church Committee:735,91).

Pyrga, the “Royal Chapel”. – The conservation of the wall-paintingsof the so-called “Royal Chapel” at Pyrga continued this

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year. On their upper parts and especially at the corners ofthe arches the wall-paintings were inflated and had startedto become detached from the masonry. The substratum wasconsolidated and reaffixed onto the masonry with injec-tions. In addition, the wall-painting colours were consoli-dated where necessary. (Government contribution: 9.744).

Pyrga, Church of Panagia Stazousa. – (Figs 29-30). The excavation ofthe ruins belonging to the monastic building of PanagiaStazousa at Pyrga began this year. The Latin monastery ofPanagia Stazousa is situated approximately midwaybetween the villages of Pyrga and Klavdia. The monasterybelonged to the Latin order of the Cistercian monks. Amongthe ruins the monumental gothic church is preserved in thecentre of the garden along with the western and northernwings of cells. A large rectangular room which covers thewest side survives in a better condition. A beautiful archeddoorway is also preserved in the centre of the western wall.The first room to the west is the only part of the northernwing that survives in a relatively good condition whereasthe rest of the rooms are in a ruinous state of preservation.

This year’s work involved cleaning and investigating theextent and the condition of preservation of the western andnorthern wings of cells. The rectangular room in the westwing was cleared and a stone floor was revealed belongingto the last phase of activity in the room which extended tothe 20th century. When the cleaning was completed it wasnoted that the room was built upon an earlier building,possibly of the same period as the church. It was laterclarified that the first three rooms to the west are also builtupon the foundations of an earlier phase. All the rooms inthe north wing were cleaned and the test trenches that wereopened in these rooms revealed earlier floor surfaces.Architectural members belonging to the church were foundin the fill of the rooms. After the west and north wings hadbeen cleared, the buildings that were thought to have beendestroyed were revealed. A section of the group ofbuildings that surrounded the monastery’s katholikon wastherefore revealed. (Government contribution: 2.619,38;

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Monastery of Stavrovouni: 2.619,38).

Vavla, Monastery of Agios Minas. – A serious static problem was notedon the north-western corner of the monastic cells at the Mo-nastery of Agios Minas in Vavla. Thus a private contractorwas appointed to strengthen the monument’s foundations,following a geological assessment that was conducted bythe Geological Survey Department in collaboration with theDepartment of Antiquities. (Government contribution:4.270).

AMMOCHOSTOS DISTRICT

Agia Napa, Monastery of Agia Napa. – (Figs 31-32). Large-scaleconservation and restoration work began this year on thisimportant monument. The exterior surfaces of the katholikonwere conserved and restored as well as the exterior surfacesof the north and the east monastic wings. Specifically, allthe heavily worn stones were removed from the masonryand the masonry was grouted. (Government contribution:20.771,04; Holy Archbishopric of Cyprus: 20.771,05).

Avgorou, Church of Agia Marina. – (Figs 33-34). The Church of AgiaMarina is a small vaulted church with remains of 12th-century wall-paintings and a graveyard. The building was ina very bad state of preservation and consequently large-scale conservation and restoration work began this year.The heavily worn stones were removed from the exteriorwall surfaces. The insulation material that was later addedon the roof was removed and a new, more appropriateinsulation was placed. The external masonry was grouted, anew special plaster was applied on the interior surface ofthe walls, the Cypriot gypsum marble tiled floor wasconserved and restored, new wooden doors were madeaccording to the original design, and a paved surface waslaid around the church. The wall-paintings were to a greatextent covered with gypsum, the layer of colour was flakyand pulverized and they were inflated and partly detachedfrom the masonry due to rising humidity; the rainwater wasseeping from cracks in the walls and the substratum was

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preserved in a fragmentary and decayed state.

Accordingly, the substratum was consolidated and reaffixedonto the masonry with injections and compresses. Thegypsum was to a large extent removed from the wall-paintings and their colours were consolidated. The paintingswere supported around their perimeter, the substratum wasfilled in, the masonry was covered with the suitable plaster,and mechanical and chemical cleaning was undertaken.(Government contribution: 9.189,67; Church of AgioiPetros and Pavlos: 9.189,67. Wall-paintings - Governmentcontribution: 6.498,36; Church of Agioi Petros andPavlos: 6.498,37).

LEMESOS DISTRICT

Agios Dimitrios, Church of Agios Dimitrios. – The Church of AgiosDimitrios is a single-aisled timber-roofed church of the 18th

or beginning of the 19th century. Large-scale conservationand restoration work began this year on the church exteriorsurfaces. The following work was implemented: all moderncement plastering was removed from the masonry whichwas also grouted in accordance to the original. The work willcontinue next year. (Government contribution: 10.012,33;Church Committee: 10.012,34).

Agios Theodoros (Agros), Church of Panagia Kivotou. – (Figs 35-36).During this year’s conservation work the more recentgypsum plastering was removed and replaced with newlime plaster. In addition, the floor surface of the church’smain area was restored and in the area beneath the women’ssection all the gypsum tiles were replaced. Due to acousticproblems the wooden bell-tower that was added in 2005 onthe southeastern side was transferred to the west side,where the old iron bell-tower once stood. Also, a newelectrical supply was installed.

The conservation of the wood-carved iconostasis wascompleted and the remains of wall-paintings on the westernwall of the church were also restored. The wooden staircasein the women’s section was moved towards the south wall

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so that the wall-paintings could be better protected.(Government contribution: 9.842,97; Anastasios G.Leventis Foundation and Agios Theodoros CommunityCouncil: 9.842,97).

Anogyra, Monastery of Timios Stavros. – (Figs 37-38). This year thearea surrounding the monument was landscaped. The northand east sides of the area were fenced and a stone wall wasconstructed on the south and west sides. (Governmentcontribution: 2.380,71; Society of Expatriates and Friendsof Anogyra: 2.380,72).

Apsiou, Monastery of Panagia Amirou. – To the north side of thekatholikon of the Monastery of Panagia Amirou and at adistance of approximately 200m., an underground rock-cutbuilding exists, which is believed to be the source of themonastery’s holy water. From this building begins a stonechannel that leads to a cistern situated near the north side ofthe building. The construction of a road in the area de-stroyed the part of the channel that was close to the cistern.This year the area surrounding the holy water-source wascleaned, the holy water building was restored and so wasthe stone channel. (Government contribution: 2.615,79;Monastery of Panagia Amirou: 2.615,78).

Asomatos, Church of Panagia Galaktotrofousa. – With the completionof the conservation and restoration of the monument, theconstruction of a stone wall began along the monument’sentire north side. (Government contribution: 4.065,84;Holy Bishopric of Lemesos: 4.065,85).

Episkopi, Mosque (Church of Agios Georgios). – (Figs 39-42). Theconservation and restoration of the Church of AgiosGeorgios (converted to a mosque after the Ottoman conquest)continued this year. A new floor of Cypriot gypsum marbletiles was laid in the iliakos which is situated in the west partof the monument. In the interior of the eastern part of thechurch main area the foundations of the apse of the HolyBema were revealed which had been demolished by theMuslims who wanted to extend the monument to the east. Itwas realized that what was thought to be a window existing

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in the monument’s south side was actually a door and wasthus restored to its original form. The conservation andrestoration of the baths that exist in the garden to the southof the mosque also continued this year. The baths’ masonrywas restored internally and externally as well as the roofand the bath floors. (Government contribution: 12.093,92;Service for the Management of Turkish-Cypriot Properties:12.093,92).

Foini, Church of Agioi Anargyroi. – (Figs 43-44). The timber-roofedChurch of Agioi Anargyroi was restored to its original formin 2005 after its roof was badly destroyed by fire someyears ago. Work continued this year with the grouting of theexternal surface of the walls while inside the church therecent cement plastering was removed as well as the recentfloor surface. The internal wall surfaces were plastered withlime and new clay tiles were laid on the floor. The largevaulted door in the west was replaced with a new woodendoor. In the south, the existing window turned out to be asmall door and was consequently restored to its originalform. (Government contribution: 13.299,45; Church ofAgioi Anargyroi and Church Committee of Timios Stavros,Foini: 13.299,45).

Foinikaria, Church of Panagia. – The Church of Panagia is situated inthe centre of the village; it is a single-aisled vaultedbuilding dated to the 18th century. In 2004 the exteriormasonry was cleaned, restored and grouted whilst this yearthe stone arches in the interior of the church were cleanedand the recent floor surface was removed, revealing theolder Cypriot gypsum marble tile surface beneath it. Thefloor surface was restored and two new wooden doors wereconstructed for the south and west side of the church. Inaddition, the electrical supply was moved underground anda new air-conditioning system was installed. (Governmentcontribution: 9.244,42; Church Committee: 9.244,43).

Kouka, Church of Timios Stavros. – The landscaping of the areasurrounding the church began this year. The long stoneenclosure wall on the east and the stone arched doorwaywere restored. On the south side of the church yard and

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adjoining the west enclosure wall, a new stone enclosurewall was constructed. (Government contribution: 14.613,48;Church Committee: 14.613,48).

Lemesos, Ali-Dede Muslim cemetery. – (Figs 45-46). This year theconstruction and restoration work on the Muslim cemeteryof Ali-Dede was completed. All recent plastering wasremoved and the entire masonry was grouted both on theinternal and the external wall surfaces. In the auxiliaryroom which is attached to the cemetery’s north side, thetimber roof was replaced with a new one and the old floorboards were removed. Beneath the floor boards the originalfloor surface was revealed consisting of Cypriot gypsummarble tiles. The door that existed in the north wall wasturned into a window as per its original use. The cemeteryenclosure wall was restored and the yard around themonument was landscaped and cleaned, especially its westpart that was a cemetery. (Government contribution:13.953,62; Service for the Management of Turkish-Cypriot Properties: 13.953,63).

Monagri, Church of Agios Georgios. – (Figs 47-48). Duringconservation work on the church a wooden shelter wasinstalled on the south side in order to protect worshipersfrom the elements. The wooden shelter replaced the pre-vious inappropriate and tasteless one. (Government contri-bution: 2.497,24; Holy Bishopric of Lemesos: 2.497,25).

Omodos, Church of Agios Filippos. – (Figs 49-50). The Church ofAgios Filippos is the only remaining feature belonging tothe Monastery of Agios Filippos in the locality of PentePitharia, approximately 3km. southwest of Omodosvillage. The church is a single-aisled vaulted building thatwas later extended westwards. Even though the church wasrepeatedly restored in the past, it recently presented seriouscracks in the masonry as a result of landslides. Aninvestigation of the monument’s substratum was conductedby the Geological Survey Department and it wasrecommended that the substratum should be reinforced withspecial cement fillings and that foundation columns shouldbe positioned around the monument. With the completion

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of the proposal a specialised company was contracted tocarry out the plan of reinforcing the substratum. The workis expected to be completed in 2007. (Government contri-bution: 26.843).

Trimiklini, Church of Panagia. – (Figs 51-52). The Church of Panagiais situated in the centre of the village. A modern churchwhich is currently used by the village community has beenbuilt to the north of the older church. The Church ofPanagia, which dates to the 18th century, is a timber-roofedbuilding, typical of the Troodos region. The worn parts ofthe timber roof were replaced where necessary. In theeastern side of the church the decayed wooden bell-towerwas replaced with a new one. (Government contribution:19.094,76; Church Committee: 19.094,77).

PAFOS DISTRICT

Argaka, Church of Agia Varvara. – (Figs 53-54). The Church of AgiaVarvara is situated approximately 1km. to the south ofArgaka village. Some burials that exist around the churchindicate that these are the grounds of an old cemetery. Thenew cemetery of Argaka village is located to the south ofthe church. In its current form the church has two aisleswith two vaults on its east side. In recent years the churchsuffered serious interventions that greatly affected itscharacter. The roof was replaced with a single cement slaband in the church’s north and west sides, two roofedcorridors or porches were constructed. The original floorsurface was replaced by a new surface of mosaic floor tilesand the entire church masonry, both internal and external,was covered with new plaster.

Originally the Church of Agia Varvara was a single-aisledvaulted building in the north part of the present church. Onthe south wall, which belongs to the first phase of thechurch, the remains of the arch were preserved. At a laterstage, probably during the 19th century and perhaps follow-ing the collapse of the small church, another aisle was builtwith arches in the north that ends however in a single arch.A single roof covering both aisles was constructed with

36

wooden pillars and had a flat mud surface. However, duringrecent years the roof was replaced with a concrete slabenclosing roofed corridors to the west and the north. Thus,in its current form the church has been altered in such a way(at least externally) that it is extremely difficult to trace itsinitial type and form.

This year’s work aimed towards revealing the originalmasonry of the church both internally and externally, andtreating the masonry with injected material. In this way,even though the later and inappropriate roof was retained,the original form of the building was made more evidentand its various architectural phases became more recogni-zable. (Government contribution: 9.519,96; ChurchCommittee: 9.519,97).

Filousa (Kelokedara), Church of Agios Nikolaos. – (Figs 55-56). TheChurch of Agios Nikolaos is situated approximately 2km.to the west of Filousa village and belongs to the timber-roofed church type of the Troodos region. The roof hadsuffered serious damage and was restored to a large extent.(Government contribution: 20.177,24; ChurchCommittee, Church of Agios Nikolaos, Filousa CommunityCouncil and Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation:20.177,25).

Kouklia, Church of Panagia Katholiki. – A new electrical system wasinstalled in the Church of Panagia Katholiki. (Governmentcontribution: 435).

Lysos, Church of Panagia Chryseleousa. – (Figs 57-58). The conserva-tion work on the Church of Panagia Chryseleousa thatbegan in 2005 continued and was completed this year. Allrecent cement plastering was removed from the externalmasonry which was grouted, especially in the Holy Bemaarea. Also, the external masonry was cleaned with lightwater pressure and then grouted. (Government contribu-tion: 15.149,22; Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation andLysos Community Council: 15.149,22).

Mesana, Church of Agios Georgios ton Komanon. – (Figs 59-60). TheChurch of Agios Georgios ton Komanon is the only

37

remaining structure belonging to the Monastery of AgiosGeorgios. Today, traces of the monastery cells can beidentified with difficulty in the western part of thekatholikon. The monastery is situated on the west bank ofthe river Diarizos, 3km. east of Mesana village. The churchis a large single-aisled building heavy in its proportionswith a roof covered with ‘French’-type tiles. The original‘Byzantine’-type roof tiles survived only on the semi-domeof the Holy Bema. Due to the unstable nature of thesubstratum and as a result of the earthquake activity thatstruck Pafos District in the past decade, the church suffereda fair amount of damage such as several cracks and thedestruction of the tiles in various parts of the roof. Thisyear’s work aimed towards the reconstruction of the churchroof and the treatment of the cracks. All the tiles wereremoved and after examining the surviving prints on theroof it was realised that the original tiles were of the‘Byzantine’ type, the same as those that cover the HolyBema. Following the reconstruction of the arch in thechurch main area, new ‘Byzantine’-type tiles were used andthe cracks on the north and south wall were bound.(Government contribution: 13.378,28; Anastasios G.Leventis Foundation, Holy Archbishopric of Cyprus andMesana Community Council: 13.378,29).

Pafos, Moutallos Mosque (Church of Agia Sofia). – (Figs 61-62). Theconservation and restoration of the Muslim mosque in theMoutallos area of Ktima continued this year. This monu-ment, which was converted into a mosque during Ottomanrule and was in use up until 1974, is one of Pafos’ mostimportant Byzantine monuments. During the last few yearsthe Department of Antiquities has been carrying outrestoration work on this building which is expected to becompleted by 2010. This year, the removal of the laterplastering from the interior and exterior surfaces and thegrouting of the masonry continued. The large dome of themonument was restored both internally and externally andall later plastering was removed from the roof. (Govern-ment contribution: 10.751,29; Service for the Manage-

38

ment of Turkish-Cypriot Properties: 10.751,29).

Panagia, Monastery of Panagia Chrysorrogiatissa. – (Figs 63-64). Inthe west part of the katholikon of the Monastery of PanagiaChrysorrogiatissa, a -shaped women’s quarter hassurvived. The quarter was constructed in 1803 and bears thefollowing inscription: “ · · π ,

· π · ”.

The women’s quarter is adorned with geometric motifs andbright colours. This year’s work involved its conservation,cleaning and restoration. (Government contribution:3.186,40; Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation: 3.186,41).

Pelathousa, Mosque (Church of Agia Aikaterini). – (Figs 65-68). Thechurch situated in the centre of Pelathousa village waspossibly dedicated to Agia Aikaterini. During the years ofOttoman rule the church was converted into a mosque anda rectangular room was added to its north side, serving theneeds of the Muslim worshipers. A minaret was also addedon the northeast side.

In its original form the church was a barrel-vaulted, single-aisled building with two blind arches on each side. At alater date a square narthex with three doors was added onthe west and later, when the monument was turned into amosque, a square room was added to its north side commu-nicating with the main area through two blind arches thatwere turned into ordinary arches. With the transformationof the church into a mosque all surfaces in the interior ofthe building were plastered and the two blind arches of thesouth wall were walled-in. A prayer niche (mihrab) for theMuslim worshipers was opened in the south wall and bothof the narthex doors were walled-in in the west and thenorth. In the south wall the narthex four small windowswere also walled-in.

In the past years both the narthex and the room on themonument’s north side were roofed with concrete slabs thathad gradually decayed and were in great danger of collapsing.

After the monument had been architecturally documented

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and following a scientific restoration study, the conserva-tion work began. The first step was to remove all the recentplastering and to grout the exterior masonry. The minaretwas then repaired and its iron-plated, conical tip wasreplaced with a new one. Due to the derelict state of bothcement slab roofs, they were pulled down and replaced withnew roofs made out of wooden beams and lighter fabrics. Inthe meantime, the plastering was removed from the interiorwall surfaces apart from that on the south wall where themihrab framed by floral decoration is located. The workwill be completed in 2007. (Government contribution:11.915,47; Service for the Management of Turkish-Cypriot Properties: 11.915,47).

B. MONUMENTS OF TRADITIONALARCHITECTURE

LEFKOSIA DISTRICT

Lefkosia, the House of Hadjigeorgakis Kornesios. – Conservation workthis year included repairs in the small bath building(hamam) in the monument’s yard: in the caldarium thebroken small glass panes of the dome were replaced withnew ones and it was insulated externally with a specialmaterial. The broken roof tiles from the baths’ antechamberwere replaced with new ones. The stone-built cisternsituated at the back of the yard was also repaired: firstly, thefig tree was uprooted due to the fact that it was penetratingthe stone walls. The cistern was then cleaned, its masonrywas repaired, grouting was performed where necessary, andthe hydraulic mortar from the cistern’s base was fixed.

In the main building, the room with the wall-painting on thesecond floor was repaired; its roof was taken apart, thedebris was removed and the timber was treated withcolourless preservative. A broken beam was replaced andthe roof was repositioned with insulation material. Thetimber of the ground floor iliakos’ roof was also conserved.(Government contribution: 21.647).

Lefkosia, the House on Axiothea Street. – During this year’sconservation work the roof of the auxiliary room (store-

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room) was repaired at the back of the yard. Once the rooftiles were replaced, the insulation material was applied andthen the roof tiles were put back into place. In some partsof the room’s masonry the gypsum plastering had beenworn by humidity. Thus, the worn patches were removedand new plastering was applied. A new wooden door wasalso constructed.

The cornice of the roof and the drainpipe were repaired onthe northern roof. The building façade (on Axiothea Street)was painted and its wooden elements (windows, door, andbalcony) were treated with colourless varnish. Other roomsthat were painted are: the northern room that now functionsas a kitchen, the north side of the iliakos and the small bath(hamam) in the yard. Finally, the yard, where outdoorevents are organised, was covered with crushed sandstonethat was compressed with a special machine, after havingdetermined the appropriate gradient that would allow therainwater to flow out of the yard. (Government contri-bution: 2.862).

Lefkosia, former Municipal old people’s home (Old Poorhouse). –During the building’s conservation and restoration workthat began this year, all the doors, windows, roofs, floorsand plastering were removed. The stone masonry andgrouting was then consolidated and the mudbrick wasbound at its corners and restored in the upper part of thewalls. In the southern part of the building, beneath theexisting floor, the remains of a bath complex (hamam) wererevealed. The cement floor surfaces began to be constructed.

Lefkosia, Silichtari Aqueduct, section near Famagusta Gate. – Thework this year involved repairing the three aqueduct archesthat stand to the north of Famagusta Gate. The moremodern cement grouting was removed, the channel on thetop surface of the arches was cleared of the accumulatedsoil and the wild vegetation, and the masonry was conso-lidated, restored and grouted. (Government contribution:9.283).

Lefkosia, building belonging to the Church of Agios Kassianos. –

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Conservation and restoration work began this year on thebuilding that is situated directly opposite the west side ofthe Church of Agios Kassianos. The interior division wallsthat were added at a later date were removed and so were theupper parts of the mudbrick walls that had been destroyed byrainwater seeping from the roof. Also, the roof was removedas well as the damaged plastering. The floors were alsoremoved along with 0.50cm. of underlying moist soil.

Akaki, the Hotza Watermill. – This year the Department of Antiquities’conservation unit conserved the watermill’s grindingmechanism. The timber and metal elements of both theflourmill and the olive-press were cleaned and treated withspecial preservatives. (Government contribution: 4.739,41;Service for the Management of Turkish-Cypriot Properties:4.739,42).

Evrychou, the Railway Station. – (Figs 69-70). During this year’sconservation and restoration work on the monument, thelime mortar on the interior walls was restored. Also, thewooden ceilings were restored and treated with a specialpreservative. The second-storey wooden floors werecompleted. Externally, the wall facing the northernsheltered veranda which was completed this year wasplastered. The construction of the restrooms was completedwith the laying out of the ceramic tiles and the installationof washbasins. On the ground floor the floor surfaces werelaid out with wooden boards, and cement and new stonethresholds were replaced where the old ones had beendestroyed. A new interior metal and wooden staircase wasinstalled providing easier access to the upper floor. Theexterior staircase base was constructed out of stoneaccording to a surviving photo of the station of thebeginning of the 20th century as well as remains found insitu. New doors and windows were constructed andinstalled in all areas. The wooden features (doors, windows,poles and the shelter of the north veranda, karkania) werepainted with the characteristic green colour of the Britishcolonial government buildings. The rubbish surroundingthe building was cleared and provisions were made for a

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sewerage system. (Government contribution: 42.577).

Fikardou, the House of Achilleas Demetris. – This year’s conservationwork involved replacing the damaged clay plastering on thewest wall of the upper floor and replacing the broken rooftiles with new ones. Part of the timber was conserved(exterior west side of the roof, doors and windows) with aspecial oil for wood and wood preservative. As a preventivemeasure in the case of fire, a strip of land (3m. wide)surrounding the house was cleared from dry weeds.

Fikardou, the House of Katsinioros. – This year the doors and windowswere treated with preservative and a special oil for wood.(Government contribution: 4.440).

Fikardou, the House of Evaggelou on plot 20. – (Figs 71-72). Work onthis old traditional building was completed this year withthe construction on the ground floor of the floor surfaceconsisting of traditional baked clay tiles. On the façade ofthe large central room on the ground floor (dichoron), ashelter was constructed with a flat roof resembling a doma.The walls of the upper-storey room and the auxiliary roomon the ground floor (turned into a restroom) were plasteredwith gypsum. New doors and windows were installed apartfrom the door of the large central room on the ground floorwhich was conserved and retained in its original place. Anelectrical and plumbing system was installed and the yardwas landscaped with a small terrace and a paved surface.The oven in the yard was repaired and coated with clay.(Government contribution: 1.500).

Kakopetria, the House on plot 468. – This year the conservation andrestoration work began on this traditional two-storey housein the heart of Kakopetria village. The more recent internaldividing walls were removed from the large double room onthe upper floor. The roof was fixed along with the decayeddoors and windows. New restrooms were built and a newelectrical and plumbing system was installed. The wornplastering was removed from the walls and new limeplastering was applied. The walls were then painted and allwooden elements were treated with a special wood

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preservative.

Kakopetria, the House on plot 481. – (Figs 73-74). Conservation andrestoration work began this year on the traditional two-storey building situated in the heart of old Kakopetria.Firstly, the building was cleared from all the debris and thenthe roof was removed. The more recent dividing walls andthe upper floor’s ceiling were removed and the debris wascleared out. All decayed plastering was removed and themasonry was repaired. The walls were grouted with lime-based mortar. The mudbrick was repaired and restoredwhere necessary and it was then coated with clay. The partof the wall constructed with the dolma technique (woodenframe, mudbrick and gypsum) was repaired and thedecayed wooden elements were replaced. The floor of theupper storey was reconstructed with wooden beams, smallpieces of wood (sidatzia), branches of a local bush, insu-lation material, a reinforced concrete slab and square bakedclay tiles. The roof was also reconstructed with the use ofbeams, straw mats, insulating material and the original rooftiles were used. New wooden lintels and door and windowframes were installed.

Kakopetria, the House of G. Michaelides. – (Figs 75-78). During thisyear’s conservation and restoration work, the constructionof the balcony was completed with the installation of a newwooden railing. The upper-storey floor surface wasremoved and reconstructed. The decaying wooden beamswere replaced with new ones of the same size and pieces ofwood (sidatzia), branches from local bushes, insulationmaterial, a light cement slab and traditional baked clay tileswere used in the restoration. On the ground storey earth wasremoved from the floor, a new substratum was made for thepiping and a new floor surface was laid out comprised oftraditional baked clay tiles. The decayed wooden lintelswere replaced with new ones of the same dimensions. Theinterior wall surfaces were plastered with gypsum, and newdoors and windows were installed. A new wooden staircasewas installed leading to the upper floor and new kitchensurfaces and cupboards were made. Two restrooms were

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created and a new electrical and plumbing system wasinstalled. (Government contribution: 10.000).

Kakopetria, the House of M. Karaolis on plot 504. – (Figs 79-80). Theconservation and restoration work on this traditional two-storey building was completed this year. The plastering wascompleted in the large central room (dichoro) of the upperfloor, new doors and windows were installed, the buildingwas painted and the wooden surfaces and cupboards wereinstalled in the kitchen. Electrical and plumbing systemswere also installed. (Government contribution: 2.900).

Kakopetria, the House of Eleni Ioannou. – During this year’s work thesmall room on the upper floor was completed: the room wasplastered and painted, a door was installed, as was aplumbing system. Externally the roof was insulated with amaterial of the same colour as the local soil. On the groundfloor, the small passageway or stoa was cleaned from thedebris and as a result the paved floor surface was revealed.The bricks from the walls of the passageway were removedand restored with mudbrick. The external staircase was alsorepaired: the more recent cement repairs were removed andthe steps were restored with local stone.

Kalopanagiotis, the House on plot 701. – During this year’s conserva-tion work, the recent additions (storeroom, restroom andsolar water heater) were removed. The existing floorsurface of reinforced cement with a substratum of graveland insulation material was also removed so as to install thenew systems. A new substratum and a floor comprised ofCypriot gypsum marble tiles were laid according to theoriginal one. The existing interior and exterior plasteringwas removed from the wall surfaces and a new limeplastering was applied on the interior wall. Externally, allmodern cement elements were removed from the masonryand the stones were repositioned and grouted where ne-cessary. The cracks in the masonry were repaired. All thewooden lintels and frames were treated against insects andwere varnished. The stone frame of the main entrance wascleaned with water pressure. On the upper storey, the exi-sting floor surface was replaced with a new one comprised

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of wooden beams, straw mats, planks of wood and insu-lation material. The existing wooden planks and corrugatediron were removed from the roof and a new roof wasconstructed made out of wooden beams, straw mats,wooden planks, insulation material and roof tiles. All thewooden lintels and frames were treated against insects andsprayed with a special wood preservative. The decayedplastering was removed from the walls, the cracks on themudbrick walls were repaired and new lime plastering wasapplied. The old entrance opening that had been trans-formed into a window was restored to its original dimen-sions. Originally, the door opened onto a small balcony(now destroyed) at the rear of the house. The balcony wasrebuilt and covered by the roof extension. The balcony onthe façade of the building was restored according to itsoriginal form and a new wooden railing was placed. Theconstruction of two new rooms began in the back yardfollowing the discovery of the remains of older walls thatwere revealed after the earth was removed from the yard(stable, storeroom).

Kalopanagiotis, the House on plot 717. – Conservation work on theexisting two-storey building began in June 2006. Thebuilding suffered from cracks in the masonry and thereforesupports were used in order to prevent the building fromcollapsing. The eastern wall constructed with mudbrick andstone was especially dangerous and was therefore demo-lished and rebuilt with the same materials.

Kalopanagiotis, the House of Lavrentios on plots 730 and 731. – Workon this impressive building began this year. The buildinghas a large ground-storey room with arches, which is a rarefeature in mountainous areas. The historic house ofLavrentios was a two-storey building extending on bothsides of the street. The two wings were joined with acovered passageway that had collapsed as did the rooms onthe second floor. Based on photos dated to the beginning ofthe 20th century, a restoration study was completed and withthe completion of the restoration work the building willfunction as a community cultural centre. The work this yearincluded the cleaning of the building both internally and

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externally and the digging of the basement, where therestrooms will be situated.

Pera Oreinis, the House of Vasiloudis on plot 197. – (Figs 81-82). Theconservation and restoration work on this traditional housesituated in the heart of the village was completed this year.The last phase of the work included the following: allinternal plastering was restored with lime mortar. Theiliakos’ floor was paved and a new wooden staircase wasinstalled in the iliakos leading to the second floor. Allrooms were covered with a special earth-colouredinsulation material. All interior floors were restored withCypriot gypsum marble tiles, baked clay tiles, irregularstone slabs and wooden boards. Wooden doors andwindows were installed and iron bars were placed in thewindows where they previously existed. Outside, the oldwooden door was conserved and retained in its place. Awooden shelter was constructed on the roof in front of thesecond floor bedroom. The kitchen and restroom werecompleted and the electrical and plumbing systems wereinstalled. The yard was laid with earth and an undergroundchannel was constructed to allow the rainwater to run fromthe garden to the street.

Pera Oreinis, the House of Krasopoulis on plot 330. – (Figs 83-84).The conservation and restoration work on this house wascompleted this year. The iliakos floor was paved withirregular stone slabs. Also, the wooden doors and windowswere installed, the electrical and plumbing systems werecompleted, and the garden was landscaped with stonepaving and soil. The restrooms were completed and woodensurfaces and cupboards were placed in the kitchen.

Pera Oreinis, the House of M. Symeonidou-Menoikeos on plot 150. –The conservation and aesthetic improvement of thismonument occurred as follows: all recent interventions,such as the cement plastering and the incorrect grouting ofthe masonry, were removed from the building’s façade.New lime plastering and grouting occurred according totraditional methods. The plastered walls were painted whitewith a special paint specifically used on lime mortar. Work

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was undertaken on the roofed entrance to the garden: theroof was rebuilt, the paved floor was re-laid and the wallswere plastered with lime mortar and painted with loulaki. Anew balcony was constructed in the garden along with anexternal wooden staircase and a small shelter with rooftiles. All inappropriate grouting and cement plastering wereremoved from the wall leading to the garden and new limeplastering and grouting was made with traditional methods.The plastered walls were painted white with a special paintspecifically used on lime mortar. New wooden doors andwindows were installed in the upper-storey rooms and themosaic tiles were replaced by Cypriot gypsum marble tiles.The old door that leads to the street was treated withpreservative and remained in its place. This year’s workgreatly improved the monument’s appearance.

Pera Oreinis, room adjacent to the Church of Archangelos Michail. –Restoration was carried out to this small structure this yearwhich was facing problems due to a leaking roof andmasonry. The roof was first removed and the old tiles werestored; the old volitzia were treated and put back into place.Reeds were then placed on top, followed by insulationmaterial and the tiles. The vault was repaired and the hewnstones of the arch were cleaned from later plastering andgrouted. The frames of the windows (of hewn stone) werealso repaired. The damp areas of the interior plasteringwere removed and a new layer of plaster was applied usingthe same materials. The external masonry was grouted andthe wooden shelter above the entrance was repaired: thetiles were initially removed for the application of insulationmaterial, and then replaced. The pieces of the shelter wereconserved and wooden supports were placed to prevent thestructure from falling over. The wooden floor was cleaned,scraped and swabbed with wood oil. (Government contribu-tion: 5.239,06; Church of Panagia Odigitria: 5.239,07).

Pera Oreinis, Old Girls’ School. – The monument’s conservationcontinued this year. The ruined low walls of the back yardwere repaired, restored and grouted. The recent cementgrouting was removed and new lime grouting was applied

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on the monument’s facade (1.5m.). Two window frameswere repaired: the worked stones were cleaned and grouted.In the interior, the gypsum plastering was conserved and thewalls were whitewashed. (Government contribution:4.930,16; Pera Oreinis Community Council: 4.930,17).

Potamia, Royal Manor. – The rooms and ruins in the western part of themanor were cleaned and supported.

Potamia, Watermill. – This year the watermill was cleaned and partlyinvestigated. This mill has certain features that differentiateit from other water-mills. Prior to the structure beingdeclared an Ancient Monument, the owner of the plot inwhich the mill is situated had demolished part of the southside of the channel. The stones belonging to the destroyedpart of the channel were left on the demolition spot.

The building consists of the remaining wide stone-builtchannel that extends for 14m. with a direction from west toeast. In the east the channel leads up to a stone-builtrectangular building. In the interior of the building thewalls form a pointed arch and are plastered, whereasexternally the building has a flat roof and its east side isbuilt with steps without any plaster. When the soil wasremoved from the interior of the building a stone pipeappeared positioned with a diagonal gradient and continuing underground for 2.5m. A small test trench wasopened on the exterior east side, at the level where the stonepipe ends and consequently, the mouth of the pipe fromwhere the water is released was found. It was thus con-firmed that what was initially considered to be a cistern isin fact a watermill with a unique water-tower and a domedroof. This feature is very rare since most watermills have anunroofed water-tower. (Government contribution: 7.388).

LARNAKA DISTRICT

Larnaka, Abu Bekir Aqueduct in the Kamares area. – This year’sconservation work involved repairing three more arches.The more recent cement grouting was removed and newgrouting was applied with lime mortar. The gaps in the

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masonry were filled-in with liquid mortar. Some of thestones of the arches had decayed to such an extent that theyneeded to be replaced with new ones so as to ensure that thearches are stable. (Government contribution: 9.185).

Larnaka, the Club. – This year’s work aimed to improve the image ofthe Club’s façade. The damaged plastering was removedand new plastering was applied where necessary. Thefaçade was painted with an ochre colour. The vertical andhorizontal drainpipes were repaired and restored so thatrainwater can easily escape from the building.

Larnaka, Zouchouri Mosque. – Conservation work on the mosquecontinued this year. The interior surface of the walls of thelarge room were plastered with lime. All damagedplastering was removed from the corridor and the roomwith the tomb. The more recent cement grouting also beganto be removed. (Government contribution: 9.418,69;Service for the Management of Turkish-Cypriot Properties:9.418,69).

Larnaka, Turkish-Cypriot shop on plot 380. – Conservation began thisyear on this shop that constitutes part of the large buildingcomplex of the Zouchouri Mosque. This year’s workinvolved the removal of the roof and all of the recentcovering of the walls (wooden planks and plastering). Theroof was reconstructed with beams, straw mats andinsulation materials. The old roof tiles were reused and thedamaged mudbrick upper part of the walls was repaired andconsolidated whereas its completely worn parts werereconstructed with new mudbricks. On the external wallsurfaces, the more recent cement grouting was removed andthe decayed stones of the masonry were replaced. Newgrouting was carried out with lime mortar. (Governmentcontribution: 7.240,39; Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties: 7.240,39).

Kalavasos, Olive-press. – Conservation and restoration work beganthis year on the large olive-press situated within the village.The olive-press consists of a large room with a flat roof(doma) and a large vaulted door on its façade, which is the

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mill’s only free area. Only the millstone survives from theextraction mechanism along with the circular crushingsurface that rests on a circular stone base 1m. in height. Themonument was restored 15 years ago. This year thebuilding was cleared from all the rubbish. The floor surfacewas then investigated and parts of the stone pavingappeared around the millstone. Paving was also revealed atthe rear of the room where the troughs used to exist, for theanimals that turned the millstone and carried the olives tothe press. The paved floor was cleaned and restored. Themudbrick section of the walls was coated with clayplastering and the masonry was grouted. The stone base ofthe mill was restored. Two small openings (arseres) werecreated at the upper part of the walls for better ventilation.The gargoyle above the door was removed and the roof wasadjusted in order to channel the rainwater towards the twocorner gargoyles of the façade. (Government contribution:11.705).

Kato Drys, Local Rural Museum (House of Papachristoforou). –Conservation work continued this year: the exterior wallsurface that faces the road developed cracks that were theresult of a serious water leakage into the wall foundations.First, a trench was dug running along the wall. In addition,the leaking water supply was repaired, the wall foundationswere reinforced and the cracks were bound and grouted.Problems related to the humidity caused by the leakage alsooccurred in the roofed passageway leading to the yard. Thedamaged clay coating was removed and the masonry wasgrouted. The cornices (krodomata) were removed and newones were constructed according to the traditional ones.The flat roofs (domata) were then covered with a specialinsulation material. (Government contribution: 12.893).

Pano Lefkara, the House of A. Koumides on plot 497. – Conservationand restoration work continued this year on this two-storeystone-built building. The electrical and plumbing systemsbegan to be installed and the interior wall surfaces wereplastered. (Government contribution: 5.000).

Pano Lefkara, the House on plot 569. – Conservation work continued

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this year on this derelict building. During this year’s workthe interior south wall was partially demolished and rebuiltwith local stone. The wooden beams for the roofs of theground floor rooms were purchased and carved and thentreated with preservative. (Government contribution: 9.724).

Pano Lefkara, Local Museum of Embroidery and Silver Working (theHouse of Th. Patsalos). – The following conservation worktook place on the museum building: the north wall wasrepaired with the removal and the rebuilding of the mostproblematic part and the masonry was grouted. The flatcornices (krodomata) of the two ground-storey rooms andthe two iliakoi were removed and rebuilt according to thevillage’s traditional style. The old water tank was replacedwith a new one. (Government contribution: 16.650).

Pano Lefkara, the House of Neofytos Patsalos. – This house is one ofthe oldest and most interesting houses of the village ofLefkara. However, it was in a derelict state and, before anyconservation and restoration could begin, the buildingurgently needed to be supported to prevent it from col-lapsing. Initially the rooms were cleaned and the cracks inthe masonry were repaired. Horizontal and vertical sup-porting elements were placed in order to support the roofsof the semi-basement rooms at the back of the yard and therooms on the upper floor. The cement slab in one part of theflat roof (doma) had been seriously damaged allowing therainwater to seep inside the building and therefore causingfurther damage to the masonry. The cement slab wasremoved and the gap was covered with corrugated iron.(Government contribution: 6.094).

Pano Lefkara, the House of Athanasia Savvidou on plot 570. –Conservation and restoration work began on this house,which is one of the most beautiful examples of localtraditional architecture with two covered entrances (portia),an iliakos located at the end of the paved yard, a largecentral vaulted room (dichoron) and an upper-storey roomwith a balcony overlooking the street and the yard. First thedebris was cleared out of the building; then the oldwindows and doors were removed and stored away. The

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plastering was removed from the wall surfaces and themasonry began to be repaired: the iliakos, the large coveredentrance (portio) and part of the masonry of the upper-storey room were bound while the rest which was seriouslydamaged and could not be repaired was removed for safetyreasons. The cement slabs, the straw mats, the canes, thesoil and wooden beams were all removed from the flat roof.The beams that were in good condition were reused afterthey had been treated against insects and had preservativeapplied to them. The decayed beams were replaced with newones of the same size. (Government contribution: 10.000).

Tersefanou, cistern and fountains. – The conservation and restorationwork on this monument was completed this year. Thechannels were repaired and positioned in such a way so asto allow the flow of rainwater.

Vavla, the House of S. Vardas on plot 570. – Conservation andrestoration work on this stone-built house was completedthis year. This building constitutes a characteristic exampleof traditional architecture. During this year’s work theplastering was completed. A new balcony was constructedwith beams and boards, new wooden surfaces and cup-boards were constructed for the kitchen and the restroomswere completed. In the large central room (dichoron), thecorner chimney (tsiminia) that had been destroyed wasrebuilt. On the upper floor the interior wall surfaces of theroom were painted with loulaki diluted in lime and water. Inthe yard a new paved surface was laid and stone steps werebuilt. The electric and plumbing system was completed andlighting units were installed. (Government contribution:10.000).

LEMESOS DISTRICT

Omodos, the House of G. Evripidou. – During this year’s work on thistwo-storey stone-built house near the Monastery of TimiosStavros, the plastering was removed as well as the roofs andthe upper-storey floors. The roof tiles and the decorativetiles from the floor of the iliakos and the upper floor wereremoved and stored away. Once the plastering was removed,

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a filled-in vaulted opening was revealed leading from thecovered porch of the entrance (portio) to the shop on theground floor. The masonry was then repaired. In one part ofthe masonry the more recent interventions of brick wereremoved and the masonry was restored with local stones.The masonry was then grouted. The installation of theelectric and plumbing systems began and the roofs wererebuilt with traditional materials. The upper-story floorswere constructed with wooden beams and wooden boards.The system (consisting of a pillar and a large horizontalbeam (neuka) with a smaller wooden support) that supportsthe roof of the large central room on the ground floor wasconserved and preserved in situ. (Government contribution:17.930).

Prastio Avdimou, Turkish-Cypriot school. – (Figs 85-86). This yearconservation and restoration work of the school began. Theschool consists of a large room built with worked stones.The doorposts and frames are also constructed with workedstones. The building was in a very bad state of preservationsince the roof had collapsed a while ago. This year the wildvegetation was cleared as well as the accumulated debris.The remains of a paved corridor that led from the schoolyard entrance to the school were revealed as well as thestone channels that watered the garden from the watercistern. The raised veranda that covers the whole perimeterof the building became visible as well as the remains of itsfloor comprised of irregular stone slabs and Cypriotgypsum marble tiles. The stone bases of the wooden pillarsthat used to support the veranda’s roof were revealed at theend, confirming the information given by the olderinhabitants that the veranda was roofed on all four sides. Inthe interior the floor surface was cleaned revealing the lowstone bases that supported the original wooden floorboards.

After the wall surfaces were cleaned the old plastering wasremoved and the masonry was repaired (binding of stones,filling in the gaps with liquid gypsum mortar, and grouting).The upper parts of the walls that had been damaged were

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rebuilt and the veranda walls were restored. The verandafloor surface was also restored with irregular slabs of localstone. The bases for the missing wooden pillars were carvedout of stone. The stone-built corridor and the irrigationchannels in the yard were repaired and restored. Restorationof the pitched roof began: the large central iron beam wasconserved and remained in situ. The wooden supports of theroof, the wooden boards and insulation material were put inplace. The interior surfaces were plastered with lime mortarand the stone-built wall of the yard was repaired andrestored. At the back of the yard a small restroom and astoreroom were built with modern materials. The buildingwill be used as a local medical centre. (Government contri-bution: 19.491,62; Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties: 19.491,62).

PAFOS DISTRICT

Geroskipou, Folk Art Museum (the House of Hadjismith). – During thisyear’s conservation work the worn Cypriot gypsum marbletiles from the iliakos on the upper floor were replaced. Thetimber on the exterior surfaces was treated with special oil.(Government contribution: 2.306).

Kritou Tera, the so-called Casino. – During this year’s conservationwork the flat roof of the room attached to the Casino wasinsulated in order to prevent humidity from affecting theMonument’s wall. (Government contribution: 2.089).

Panagia, the House of Archbishop Makarios. – During this year’sconservation work the wooden door of the building wasrepaired and treated with preservative. All wooden featureson display were conserved. (Government contribution:3.630).

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APPENDIX II

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS AND SURVEYSNote: Further illustrated accounts are published in the Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique,

and in the Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus.

KRITOU MAROTTOU-AIS GIORKIS

The excavations by the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV) atthe Pre-Pottery Neolithic site of Ais Giorkis, in the Troodos foothills ofwestern Cyprus near Pafos, were directed by Dr Alan Simmons, withthe support of the National Science Foundation and were conducted inconjunction with a University of Edinburgh field-school, directed byDr Paul Croft.

The primary goal of this season was to expand upon previousexposures of cultural features made over the past four years of testingoperations. Seventy-seven square metres were excavated this season,making the total exposure of approximately 199 square metres. Depthof deposits exceeds 1m. in several areas. The 2006 excavationsincluded ten 2.5 2.5 square metre units and one 1.25 1.25 square metreunit in the upper terrace of the site plus a 10 ca 1m. vertical cut intoa terrace face.

The results of this season once again exceeded expectations. Fifteenradiocarbon dates have thus far been processed, placing primarilyoccupation around 7,500-7,900 calibrated B.C., or in the middleCypro-PPNB. One of the major results of the 2006 season is that nowthere are defined additional architectural features at the site, whichpreviously had been indicated by only a unique circular stone structureand parts of a plaster floor. At least three large pit features are nowdocumented, as well as smaller pits. Of these, one has been completelyexcavated, while another two have been sampled. The excavated pitwas especially complex and indicates a considerable amount of re-use.It is ca 3m. in diameter and may at some point have served as some sortof structure, given that it contains two post holes and an in-situchipping surface. This pit also contained very well preserved paleobo-tanical materials. Other pits are smaller, but have provided amplematerial culture and show evidence of the natural slope of the site. Apossible ditch or drainage feature also has been revealed.

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In addition to the pits, a particularly important feature has now beenmore fully exposed. Last year a previously exposed plaster surface wasexcavated and defined a surrounding wall on one edge. This wasinterpreted as a potential room. More complete excavation, however,has established that the wall continues substantially below theplastered surface, making it unlikely that the latter is a floor. Instead, itappears to be a built-up platform with a plastered surface. In this sense,it is similar to the large oval stone platform exposed earlier, but alsocontains plaster. This complex contains a plastered pit in its presumedcentre. It has, unfortunately, been badly damaged by erosion and soildisturbance, thus not all is intact. It was, however, quite large, likelyexceeding 5m. in diameter. In addition, at least one more platform wasexposed, this one smaller with a flat cobble surface and another centralpit. Yet another was revealed in outline, but was not excavated. Thiscould represent another platform or a cobble pavement of some sort. Itis unclear what these features are; they may have functioned as housebases or platforms where some sort of communal activity (dancing?)may have occurred. Whatever their function, they represent a uniqueaspect of the Cypro-PPNB occupation of this region.

In addition to the features, we recovered remarkably preservedpaleobotanical remains, which are being studied by Dr Sue Colledge(University College London). She indicates that these are amongst thebest preserved she has seen throughout the Near East in her conside-rable experience. Although not yet completely analysed, two roweinkorn and barley are present. Fauna remains are enormouslyabundant, and this year several additional pieces of cattle were onceagain recovered. All of these materials are being analyzed by Dr PaulCroft. A huge chipped stone collection, exceeding 100,000 pieces, hasnow been recovered. Near Eastern mainland Neolithic parallelscontinue to be present, with several crude projectile points being pre-sent. Of particular interest was the recovery of two in situ concentra-tions of chipped stone. One contained over 3,700 pieces and the othera remarkable 10,000. Several ornaments, primarily in picrolite, havebeen recovered, as has marine shell and several more obsidianbladelets. Ground stone also is abundant and elaborate, and includespart of a picrolite vessel as well as large platter fragments. Of greatsignificance was the recovery in 2005 of what appears to be a“vaisselle blanche” vessel (which is pink in colour). This has nowundergone conservation by the Department of Antiquities. This vessel

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was recovered near a similarly shaped stone vessel at the top of a pit.Perhaps significantly, we also recovered, in the same pit, our firsthuman remains in the form of a newborn.

The presence of such a varied economic assemblage, including rarecattle, along with prestige items, suggests that one function of the sitemay have been directed towards communal feasting activities.

In summary, the investigations at Ais Giorkis have shown itsimportance to the early colonization of the island. This upland localitywith unique architectural features, sophisticated chipped and groundstone assemblages, domesticated plants and cattle, adds a newdimension to the complexity of the island’s first settlers.

CHOIROKOITIA

The French Archaeological Mission under the auspices of theNational Centre of Scientific Research (CNRS) and the French Ministryof Foreign Affairs continued excavations at the Neolithic settlement ofChoirokoitia, directed by Alain Le Brun. This year research focused onthe north slope of the hill, since work on the top of the hill has beencompleted. Excavation on the top of the hill provided the possibility toconfirm the stratigraphic observations made in previous seasons,particularly with relation to stratum G, which contained not one buttwo phases of construction G3 and G2. These phases were followed bya short-lived abandonment. In addition, research, albeit over a smallarea, of strata H and J, which represent the first occupation of the site,revealed an area without built structures, with a number of depressionsand the topographical continuity of the same phase of occupationwhich continues until stratum F. Research in 2005 on the north slope,which aimed at confirming the extent of the settlement, has revealedhalf-way up the slope, a long wall (1290), which seems to havedelineated the settlement. It was not, however, possible to relate thiswall, from East-West, with the already known part of the defensivewall which had a north-south direction. The objective of this season’swork, therefore, was to attempt to establish the relationship betweenthe two walls, which, if confirmed, would mean that the settlement ofstratum III was confined to only part of the north slope of the hill. Thediscovery of Wall 1290 was both a trap and a guide – a trap because itoverlay an older wall (1315-1358), with which it coincides at onepoint. Excavation proved that this older wall found to a length of 18m.

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was the continuation of Wall 284. It was also a guide because the linefollowed by wall 1290 coincided at places with Wall 1315-1358 as wellas with the erosion line which obliterated the remains of the Neolithicsettlement.

On the contrary in the sectors where the wall runs parallel to theslope and where it appears as a straight line of stones and at the placewhere it is perpendicular to the slope, the defensive wall consists of aseries of arcs, a mode of construction utilised also at the point ofintersection with the neighbouring relief line and where the stability ofthis structure is put to the test.

The occupation on the north slope in stratum III does not extenddown to the river at the bottom of the hill but it is confined to the higherpart of the slope, much more limited than one would have thought. Itspanned a long period of time, during which it was repaired severaltimes. At the end of stratum III, the north slope was abandoned and thewall was eroded. When the eastern part of the hill was re-inhabited, itwas dismantled and the stones were reused for the construction of newhabitation structures with a circular plan which overlie the oldboundary obliterating its outline.

In this sector stratum III is divided in two phases, confirming thedivision already established at another part of the village between IIIband IIIa. To the extent where the small area excavated permits conclu-sions to be drawn, it appears that there is a similarity between this typeof occupation and that found elsewhere. The conception andorganisation of space do not seem to differ in any way from other areasbelonging to stratum III.

This is not true, however, of the zone outside the defensive wall.While here there is no sign of any activity whatsoever, the area on thenorth part of the slope was utilised for one or more activities whichrequired the construction of the shallow depressions filled with stones.

KALAVASOS-KOKKINOGIA

This season’s excavations at the Late Neolithic/Early Chalcolithicsite at Kalavasos-Kokkinogia by the University of East Anglia, underthe direction of Joanne Clarke aimed to uncover more of the featurediscovered on the plateau during the 2005 season with a view todetermining whether it might be the first undisputed building found at

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the site. It was not only determined that this feature was indeed abuilding, but it was also evident that it was similar to buildings knownfrom early Chalcolithic sites in the west of the island at Maa-Paliokastroand Kissonerga-Myloudia. The building measured approximately 5m.in diameter and was almost circular in plan. The foundations of thestructure had been cut into the bedrock to an as yet unknown depth anda series of floors of either stamped earth or poorly-constructed crushedhavara were laid in the subterranean depression made by the cut. In thecentre of the building there was a fire pit which was associated with atleast two of the floors. Pottery was found crushed in situ on the floorof the building along with scatters of flint chips, indicating reductionand retouching activities. No conclusive evidence for the type of super-structure was found. At least one post hole was excavated in thevicinity of the building but this may or may not have been associatedwith the building itself. Therefore, it is unknown whether the buildinghad a post-frame superstructure in the same fashion as semi-subter-ranean buildings known from Maa-Paliokastro and Kissonerga-Myloudia, or some other structure, or indeed none. As with previousseasons no faunal or botanical remains were detected, either inside thebuilding or in any of the other features excavated this season. This is aunique feature of Kokkinogia and yet to be fully explained.

In addition, at least seven new subterranean features wereuncovered in the vicinity of the building but it is not clear whetherthese were in association with it. Some of these features represent self-contained individual chambers, identical to the chambers forming thechamber and tunnel complex located on the ridge about 20m. to theeast of the building. Others have indications of tunnels and indeed atleast one chamber located about 1m. to the east of the building mayhave a connecting tunnel leading off in an easterly direction and whichmay yet connect it with the chamber and tunnel complex. Most of theself-contained chambers discovered this season were empty but in onewe found evidence of a work surface with a number of objects inassociation, including a small ovoid Red Monochrome Painted flask,an ochre-stained stone and a number of ground stone items. In the fillof another we discovered a second triton shell.

Perhaps the most important discovery of the season was a shallow,almost circular burial pit cut into the bedrock and measuring approxi-mately 1m. across and approximately 0.5m. deep. The articulated ske-

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leton of a young individual was situated at the northern end of theburial pit, lying on its back with its head orientated to the west in apartly contracted position. Underneath the skull was a stone which hadapparently been used to position the head forward so that the jaw restedon the upper chest. At a small distance from the body but still withinthe burial pit, was a small cobble of a ubiquitous type found in vastnumbers at Kokkinogia. In addition to the articulated skeleton, therewere also a number of long bones that had been loosely placed on topof the lower half of the skeleton. These may be bones from a previousincumbent of the burial pit that were placed back in the pit followingthe emplacement of the new occupant, or they may be dissociatedbones from another burial placed in the pit along with the body forunknown reasons. Although many burials are known from the MiddleChalcolithic period there are very few from Late Neolithic and EarlyChalcolithic sites. At Sotira, 12 cist graves were discovered in a smallcemetery to the east and down slope from the settlement, and a bodywas found under the floor of a house at Kantou. In addition, a small pitburial was found at the nearby Early Chalcolithic site at Agious.

SOUSKIOU-LAONA

Excavations at Souskiou-Laona by a team of the University ofEdinburgh/Lemba Archaeological Research Centre, under thedirectorship of Professor Edgar Peltenburg, continued this year. Thesite of Souskiou, near Palaipafos, is well known for the earliest ceme-teries in Cyprus, belonging to ca 3000 B.C., long before they becamestandard in the Bronze and Iron Ages.

The Laona cemetery was completely excavated this season. The lastcollective burials in deep tombs were recovered, together withremarkable finds including triple cruciform figures. Using strontiumand other forms of analysis, a team from the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne hopes to establish the relationships between individuals andperhaps their origins.

The nearby settlement consists of round houses and work placesarranged on a steep hillside, from the crown of a ridge to a shoulderperched above the Vathyrkakas stream. There is evidence that buildingswere erected on platforms cut into the hillside, with their frontssupported on terraces as seen in mountain villages.

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Some structures were cut into bedrock with central depressed areasencircled by wide platforms. Food preparation equipment was stilllocated where the occupants had left it on one of these peripheralplatforms. When buildings were replaced by entirely above-groundstructures, the rock-cut platforms or benches were re-created in claywith stone facings.

Many inhabitants of this community fashioned the striking cruci-form figurines of Chalcolithic Cyprus, to judge from numerousproduction wasters and the occurrence of so many figures in the tombs.In contrast, some of the painted and plain clay figures of humans arehighly naturalistic, indicating that the newly excavated Souskiousettlement is as important as the cemeteries which have attracted somuch attention since the 1950s.

AREDIOU-VOUPPES (LITHOSOUROS)

In July and August 2006 a team from the University of Wales,Lampeter conducted excavations of a Late Bronze Age site at Arediou-Vouppes (Lithosouros), under the direction of Dr Louise Steel.

One of the main aims of the excavation was to establish the natureof the architecture on the site and to extend the footprint of the buildingidentified in 2005. In this, the excavation has been extremely suc-cessful. The building has been identified as a probable work or lightindustrial area. Finds included several kilograms of copper slag asso-ciated with a number of pits and pebbled surfaces. Other finds fromthis area substantiated this hypothesis: several stone weights, a stonehammer and pestle were found on the floor of one room associated withlarge Plain ware basins, jugs and rubbers-grinders.

In addition an entirely new area was opened to the north and a newbuilding complex identified. This comprised a probable courtyard arealeading into what appears to be a large open ended building, approxi-mately 9 2m. and a smaller room enclosing a 5m. deep well. The wellwas surrounded by flat stones and was associated with a pebblesurface, possibly for standing water containers. Finds from the wellincluded a large saddle quern, weighing almost 90kg. Other finds fromthis building also suggest a work area.

A third area, which was originally identified in 2005, was opened inthe east of the site. Here a Late Bronze Age tomb, which had been

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badly robbed and partially destroyed (probably during agriculturalterracing), was excavated. A few fragmentary bones were found on thefloor of the tomb, associated with a bronze spearhead. Other finds fromthe tomb were an imported Mycenaean stirrup jar and a Black Slip jug.

EPISKOPI-PAMPOULA

A team of archaeologists from the University of Cincinnatiundertook its 6th excavation season at the site of Episkopi-Pampoula inJune-July 2006 under the direction of G. Walberg. Last year the teamfound five to six floors in two test pits, excavated in an area over-looking the bed of the river Kouris, once the largest river in Cyprus andprobably important for the transport of various kinds of raw materialfrom the interior of the island to the coast.

The investigation of the test pits was interrupted at the end of the2005 season, but continued this year. A trench around the test pits andtwelve floors were found, which represented construction andrebuilding during more than 1500 years, from the Late Bronze Age tothe Roman period. Associated with the floors were walls and otherarchitectural remains. The ceramics found on the floors indicated thatthey dated from the Late Bronze Age to the Roman period. The floorswere made of a relatively thin and smooth layer of limestone and restedon deep layers of dark pebbles or gravel of varying size. These pebbleshad been mixed with limestone and probably watered down to createan extremely hard foundation. The earliest walls at the deepest levelswere built of especially large stones and, like the floors, showed thatthe builders had aimed at marking them as strong as possible. One ofthe walls in the area had width of 150m., a width which suggested thatit was not the wall of an ordinary house, but a defensive wall. It turnedat a right angle to form a projection, perhaps a tower or bastion, andseemed to join one of two parallel walls, which formed a narrow roomor passage. More excavation is needed, but it is possible that thesewalls formed a gateway from the river to the city.

In the first stratum beneath the surface in an adjoining trench, a pitappeared with the skeletons of four individuals and well-preservedvessels from the beginning of the Late Bronze Age. The bones andpottery clearly originally belonged to a tomb and were removed andplaced in the pit during the Roman period, since that was the date ofthe finds in the soil surrounding the pit. One skull was found face down

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on a pair of feet. The ceramics consisted mainly of White Slip I andBase-ring I ware but included also some White Slip II and Base-ring IIware. The hilt of a bronze dagger was also found.

Another trench was opened near the area of the old University ofPennsylvania excavations in order to establish a link between them andour new trenches. The area was disturbed, but it was obvious that it toohad been inhabited from the beginning of the Late Bronze Age to theArchaic and Roman period. Three walls were found built one on top ofthe other. In order to support the second wall, long, narrow stones hadbeen placed as buttresses from the floor of the first wall against the sideof the second on, a method also used for the much heavier and strongerwalls in the area overlooking the river.

In a trench in the area overlooking the river was a pit with ceramicsand a stone votive similar to a number of Archaic votives found at thesanctuary of Aphrodite at Kouklia.

ANCIENT IDALION

The sixteenth excavation period of the Department of Antiquities atAncient Idalion was conducted under the supervision of the Curator ofAntiquities Dr Maria Hadjicosti, who was assisted by the TechniciansStavros Lagos and Kyriakos Kapitanis. During the last excavationperiods the contribution of young Cypriot archaeologists and ofstudents from Brock University in Canada in 2002, under the super-vision of their Professor Danielle Park, was significant. The Munici-pality of Idalion contributed with financial donations, voluntary workand other help.

The 2006 research focused on the revealing of the whole buildingblock which includes the Olive mill, as well as the completeuncovering of the west Gate of the Ancient Acropolis at Idalion and thestreet which starts from the Gate and ends at the large yard (CourtyardA) of the administrative centre. For the completion of this projectintense work was required for the removal of lumps of soil in an areaof approximately 700 square metres, in most cases 2 and 2.80m. deepfrom the surface of the earth, especially at the parts of the street where,over the centuries, the removal of the exterior investment of themajestic walls by the settlers of the surrounding area left behind it agreat disaster. From parts of the street, layers of debris were removed

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which over the years had entered the ditches which were created by theextraction of stone as a result of rainfall. Piles of uncarved stones fromthe filling of the walls that had fallen along the walls were alsoremoved. As it has been concluded in previous excavation periods theextraction of the outside investment of the walls, which was made byhard carved sandstones, had already started from the Hellenistic periodright after the abandonment of the fortified complex at the westacropolis and at least continued till the beginning of the 20th century.Additional difficulties at the excavations of the street and the Gatewere caused by the placement of water pipes for the community ofIdalion in the ’60s and ’80s inside the archaeological area, somethingthat destroyed the well-preserved until then ruins at a width ofapproximately 5m. from the point of the water tanks at the top ofAmpileri hill until the lowest point of the west Gate of the fortifiedbuilding complex of the acropolis.

The coordinated efforts of the supervisors of the excavation and theMunicipality of Idalion had as a result the removal of the pipes duringthis year’s excavation period with the opening of a trench 1m. wide inthe south of the excavated area. The investigation of the trench lastedapproximately three weeks and gave important information for the areaoccupied by the fortified administrative buildings of the ancient city.

The Olive mill, which lies at a lower level from the complex of thepalace’s storerooms, comprises the northwest corner of the fortifiedpalatial complex and covers an area of approximately 359 squaremetres. The entrance to the installation through Room 17 is describedin the 2001 press release. Room 17 (2.5 8.7m.) communicates withRoad A (not with Courtyard B as was misinterpreted in the same pressrelease) and Room 15 (3 5.5m.) was used for the storing of the olivesbefore pressing. The latter took place in Room 9, which is parallel withRoom 15, communicates with Street B and has a hard floor made oflimestone slabs, where the pressing mechanism was situated. In theinstallation area (Room 18) the excavation was extended to the west.Room 25 was revealed where a bench with the impression of the basesof pithoi at both edges and two hearths in front of the bench were usedfor the boiling of water, which was necessary for the procedure of theextraction of olive oil. Along the length of the south wall of the roomthere is a basin, similar to that along the south wall of Room 18, for theplacement of the oil jars after the pressing. North of Room 25 there is

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another small pit for weights and a stone base for another pressingstone. These installations, which date to the latest phase of the olivemill, destroyed Rooms 26, 27 and 28, which date to an earlier phase, towhich also belongs the hydraulic cement basin from the collection ofoil, excavated in the north part of Room 18. The earlier installation wasalso affected from the extension of the fortification to the north andwest of the Olive Press. A new wall, 2m. wide, was constructed andfive revetment walls 3.5m. long strengthened the fortification inside.The extension of the wall in the beginning of the 5th century B.C.created a tower in the northwest corner of the Olive Press, which wasconnected with a second tower (Tower D) in front of the gate with awall 8m. long and 3m. wide. Tower D consists of the north corner ofthe Olive mill and is adjacent to Room 29 which is parallel to Room24. It is not yet clear whether the two rooms are part of the tower or ifthey belong to the complex of the Olive Press. A second completecrushing stone in the first row of the weights and two large fragmentsof a very large basin, one on the basin along the south wall of Room 25and the second in the entrance of Room 15 belong to the trapetum.

The west Gate, probably the Tamassos Gate, is situated betweenTowers D and E, outside the fortification of the Lower City. Right afterthe entrance there is an almost rectangular area approximately 90square metres, which most probably guaranteed the control of peopleentering, who in order to continue in the street had to turn towards theright, where is the entrance of Road A with a west-to-east direction.Exactly at this point between the water pipes of the community ofIdalion two Proto-Aeolic capitals were found.

The street is uphill with a west-to-east direction and consists ofthree parts (Roads A, B and C), the middle of which (Road B) forms aright angle with the other two with a north-to-south direction followingthe west wall, the store-rooms complex and ending up at a tower(Tower C) to the south. The design of the street is of a defensivecharacter and every part of it is controlled by one or more towers.

Road A follows after the Gate and it is wider than the other twoparts. It communicates with the olive mill to the north and with Room19 to the south. The width of Road A at the easternmost part is 5m.,whilst to the west near the Gate it reaches 7m., most probably to givethe chance to the wagons to turn towards another road (D) which startsfrom the southwest part of Road A. This road has a north-to-south

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direction and leads to the west part of the Acropolis. At the beginningRoad D has a length of 3.80m. but at a distance of 3.20m. from thecorner of Room 19 there are two pillars, which restrict the entrance atthis point to 3.20m. The entrance of Road A towards Road B has thesame width, also restricted by a pillar. Near the pillar of Road D, thereare wall marks which indicate the placement of the door, while on thelower part of the two corners of Room 19 one can see the damagecaused by the wheels of the wagons on the rocks. A stone wasdeliberately placed at the east corner for the protection of the corner ofthe wall. The same stone was also excavated at the corner of the westwall of the store-rooms where the entrance is found towards Road C.

Road A is followed by Road B (width 3.70m., length 14m.) with anorth-to-south direction. This street communicates with Room 9 whichleads to the Olive mill and in a narrow corridor to the west of Tower A,which make up the north-west corner of the storerooms complex. In thesouth it ends at Tower C.

At the point between the southwest corner of the storeroomscomplex and Tower C begins the part of Road C with an entrance of3m. width. Beyond the entrance point the width of the street increasesto 4.5m., while until the entrance towards Courtyard A of the admini-strative centre the road has a length of 8m. The entrance to thecourtyard also narrows to 3m. with the use of pillars. This point is themost imposing in the excavated area. Road C communicates in thesouth with Room 30 which is annexed to Tower C to the east. Room 30has a raised floor with a step 2m. wide entrance, and imposing wallswith dressed stones and pillars on both sides of the entrance.

The same method of construction is also found on the oppositesouth wall of Room 14, even though here the fallen wall has destroyedany information for the existence of an entrance. Limited researchalong the west wall of Rooms 14 and 23 showed that the most preferredwalls, which are found under the alterations mode after the occupationof the city by the Phoenicians are wider than the later walls, have thesame construction technique with Tower C, the east wall of the store-rooms and the wall which connects Towers A and B. It proves that allthe buildings along the length of the street belong to the administrativecentre of the kingdom of Idalion, which continued to be in use duringthe Phoenician occupation. The Phoenician inscriptions found on RoadB in front of the entrance of Room 9 indicate that the road was used bythe Phoenicians along with all the areas that surround it.

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The research at the trench for the placement of the pipes at adistance of 20m. from Room 22 of the excavated area showed that thewhole sloping western part of the acropolis at Idalion was fortified. Itis obvious that the 8m. wide fortification wall at the lowest west partalong the modern road continues until the top of the Acropolis, whilstto the east at the path which leads to the acropolis there is a secondfortification wall 2m. wide, which is also in the direction of the top ofthe acropolis. Along the length of the fortification walls there arerooms with impressive walls which belong to public buildings, while inthe centre there is a courtyard or a street. The administrative buildingsextend beyond the inner fortification wall at the centre of the northslope of the hill of Ampileri. The finds and a Phoenician inscription areproof that this area was used by the Phoenicians of Kition until the endof their domination at Idalion.

Astonishing is the huge number of Phoenician inscriptions whichwere revealed in the last years. The archive of the Phoenician admini-stration of Idalion numbers more than 300 inscriptions, half of whichcome from Room 10 of the storerooms. Out of the 105, which havebeen excavated in 2006, 84 are written in ink on marble plaques, while21 on pottery sherds. Also 43 are complete, 21 of these have a text ofmore than 4 lines, while the rest are fragments of bigger inscriptions.

The archive of the Phoenician Administration, the operation of theOlive mill within the administration area, the new evidence for thetopography of the ancient city, as well as the interpretation of theadministrative buildings as the Palace of the kingdom of Idalion,together with the defensive design of the street, give valuableinformation for the socio-economic situation of the kingdom of Idalionfrom the Archaic Period to the occupation of Cyprus by the Ptolemies.

PALAIPAFOS-MARCHELLO

The first excavation season at Palaipafos-Marchello, directed byProf. Maria Iakovou of the University of Cyprus, focused on thenorthern side of the Marchello plateau and is the first part of a largerarchaeological project that aspires to reconstruct the urban landscapeof Palaipafos. Old Pafos was founded in the Late Bronze Age, becamethe economic and administrative centre of an urban polity no later thanthe 14th century B.C. and served as the capital of an Iron Age kingdomin the first millennium B.C.

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The Marchello field project is build on a Digitised ArchaeologicalAtlas pilot project and the results of a geophysical survey project,which were conducted at Palaipafos in 2002 and 2003 by the jointteams of the University of Cyprus Archaeological Research Unit, andthe Institute for Mediterranean Studies of the Foundation of Researchand Technology of Greece. Excavation was carried out by Cypriotgraduate students of the Universities of Cyprus, Dublin, London,Oxford and Bryn Mawr (USA), as well as Greek students of theUniversities of Athens and Crete who specialise in the application ofGeographical Information Systems in archaeology.

Analysis of the ceramic material recovered during the first excavationseason supports the following preliminary results: The site was origi-nally used in the Late Bronze Age for burials. This is made evident bya large number of diagnostic sherds of the White Slip and Base Ringwares as well as sherds of the White Painted Wheelmade III type,which date to the 13th and 12th centuries B.C. The recovery of twocomplete vessels (a feeding bottle and a shallow bowl) confirms thatthe Late Cypriote material represents the residue of burial assemblages.

In the 11th century, there was a drastic change in the use of the siteas burials were moved further away to the NW (localities Xerolimniand Xylinos). Walls uncovered during the 2006 excavation season dateto the first millennium B.C. when Marchello was gradually incorpo-rated into the Iron Age urban fabric of Palaipafos. On the evidence ofpottery this new cultural horizon lasted from the Geometric to theClassical period. The absence of Hellenistic and Roman period diagnosticpottery is critical. It suggests that by the end of the Cypro-Classicalperiod the area of Marchello may have lost its urban significance. Thisindicates that the urban structure of Palaipafos began to shrinkprobably as a result of Nicocles’s decision to move the capital of hiskingdom to Nea Pafos in the late 4th century B.C.

The most important find of the first season is a street, 1.5m. wide,made of thick and well-preserved white lime on a foundation of stones,which appears to descend from the Marchello hill towards the modern-day village of Kouklia. Its investigation may provide an answer as tothe route, which linked the natural citadel of Marchello (at 115m.above sea level) with the sanctuary of the Cypriot Goddess (Aphrodite)to the west (at 80m. above sea level).

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THE PALACE OF AMATHOUS

This year’s excavation at the Amathous Palace, directed by Th.Petit, aimed at investigating below the pavement in two rooms (III andIV) and enlarging the sounding in Room V.

Before the start of the excavation, Fanis Konstantatos, the restorerof the French School, removed the pavement and restored the slabs thatwill be replaced next year.

Room III: The removal of the slabs has revealed two water pipes and awall linked to a floor. The wall is set in a different way than the otherconstructions. It is older than the two water pipes.

Room IV: The pavement, in a poor state of preservation, was lying ona layer of mortar. A long water pipe in an east-west direction, destroyedin its north part, has been discovered as well as a pit full of material andcharcoal. Behind a blocked opening, the removal of a stone slabrevealed the presence of an intact jug containing a small vase. Thiscould be a foundation deposit. Such foundation deposits have alreadybeen discovered in this area.

Room V: Three successive plaster floors were excavated. The earth wassifted so as to collect the ceramics in order to refine the dating as far aspossible. In the first phase (beginning of the 8th century), the room wascut in the bedrock on the north side but it was not as large as expected.

Room VI: A sounding revealed a north-south wall which was borderingzone VI. It is now possible to connect the findings of Room V with thefindings in the eastern area excavated in 2004 and 2005.

In view of the presentation of the site to the tourists, all thenecessary stratigraphic information of the older excavations has beencollected and the restoration of the wall is also nearly completed.

AMATHOUS THE LOWER CITY

The fifteenth season of the new series of excavations carried out inthe Lower City of Amathous was directed by Dr Pavlos Flourentzos,Director of the Department of Antiquities, with the assistance of theTechnicians Kyriakos Kapitanis and Demos Theodorou. The excavation

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had two primary goals this year: a) the discovery of new walls thatwould complete the ground plan of the various rooms that made up thestructural complexes to the left and right of the bypass road, and b) thefurther excavation of floors in certain rooms of the complexes to verifythe chronological stratigraphy in the area of the Lower City.

In a complex of rooms to the south of the bypass road and on themain avenue leading from the Amathous West Gate to the Agora, aroom was discovered with a pithos jar in its southeastern corner.

A large partitioned room with an inner arch was discovered to thenortheast of the site and very near to the Agora. Among plasterfragments that were part of the interior architectural decoration, analmost life-size head depicting Alexander the Great was found, whosefeatures were very worn.

Rooms 4 and 5 (of dimensions 2.5 5m. and 5 6m. respectively)were excavated to the west of the bypass road. The floor of Room 5 waspaved with stone slabs. On the floor of the interior doorway connectingthe two rooms, an inscription of the Ptolemaic period (3rd cent. B.C.)was revealed on a stone slab of large proportions (78 41cm.). Althoughit is quite worn, the inscription consists of 12 verses and is one of thelongest texts from the Hellenistic period discovered in Cyprus. Theinscription is of a historical nature with arithmetic in Greek and mayrefer to land portions given by a Ptolemaic general. Once theinscription is studied further, it will of course provide moreinformation regarding Cypriot society in the Ptolemaic period. Itappears that the Ptolemaic inscription was laid in the floor in secondaryuse. The excavation of certain rooms revealed the existence of at least6 consecutive floors dating from the Arab raids (7th cent. A.D.) to theearly Classical/Archaic II period (ca 6th cent. B.C.). Of particularinterest was the excavation of a long narrow room with dimensions of2.5 6m. in Complex D. Its entrance was 1m. wide and the floor wasmade of hydraulic mortar. A thin layer of plaster had been laid over themortar; this was then covered by stone slabs that have not survived.Remnants of this technique dating to the early Byzantine period werediscovered on the south side of the room.

A thick layer of plaster covered the interior and exterior walls of theaforementioned room. It is obvious that the plastering of the interiorwas in preparation for wall-paintings of the early Byzantine period

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(7th cent. A.D.), of which only a few fragments survived. The mostnoteworthy find however was a large gold cross that must havebelonged to a high ranking official of the early Byzantine period, whomay have resided in the room or in the entire complex. Many coinswere found on the floor of the same room.

Apart from the above, the moveable finds also consisted of plasterinterior architectural fragments with plant and geometric motifs,vessels, lamps, copper objects and a Hathoric capital.

This was the last season of the second series of excavations carriedout by the Department of Antiquities in the Lower City of Amathousand the conclusions will be published in separate volumes in the nearfuture. Following the necessary conservation work, the excavatedremains will be open to the public.

THE HILL OF AGIOS GEORGIOS (PA.SY.D.Y).

The 14th excavation season, which began on May 22 and lasted untilJuly 7, was the last excavation season at the Hill of Agios Georgios(PA.SY.D.Y), the proposed site for the new building of the House ofRepresentatives. In the last 10 years a site of considerable extent wasrevealed amounting to approximately 11000 sq. metres, in an effort toestablish the limits of the archaeological remains in view of theproposed building. An extensive area in the centre and south parts ofthe site was left unexcavated for future research.

Apart from a very fragmentary stone structure which may beassigned to the Late Chalcolithic period found on the south west slope,where the deeper deposits have been preserved, the site is a largesettlement of the Hellenistic period, built on a grid plan with parallelroads from East to West at equidistant spaces and a wide central roadfrom North to South across the settlement. In between the roads thereare buildings consisting of rectangular rooms of various dimensionswith ample evidence for workshop activities. Terracotta, stone andmetal objects were made on the site and weaving was also one of themajor activities of the inhabitants. Earlier remains dating to the Archaicand Classical periods were also found, even though the architecturalremains from these periods have not been preserved except on theedges of the slope, on account of the nature of the landscape and therebuilding that took place at the beginning of the Hellenistic period.The cultic material from all the above periods is predominant and

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strongly points to the presence of a sanctuary, for which most of theproducts of the workshops were directed. On the north part of the siteremains of several kilns indicate a continuation of the industrialactivities into the Christian period, with a possible gap from the late 1st

century B.C. to the 4th century A.D. and a series of superimposedchurch buildings take the history of the site to the beginning of theVenetian period.

This season we were particularly concerned with conservation andmaintenance. It is a site with difficult conservation problems becauseof the landscape and nature of the clay bedrock which fluctuates withclimatic conditions and affects the preservation of the architecturalremains. Pending the decision concerning the development of itsenvirons, the site must be fenced for the moment to avoid vandalisms;pathways will be made at certain parts and around the site andinformation panels will be installed. At a later stage shelters will bemade selectively for the more vulnerable parts of the site.

In addition excavation in unfinished areas was completed, severalpending questions were clarified and more attention was paid toscientific aspects of the excavation. We had the pleasure to have withus Dr Evi Margaritis, palaeobotanist, who examined samples from pits,hearths, furnaces and other workshop areas retrieving a number ofolive pits, grape seeds and grains. The study of the samples at theWiener Laboratory, American School of Classical Studies, willcertainly contribute towards understanding the activities taking place atthe various workshop installations and structures.

A small but fruitful project was carried out with the collaboration ofDr. Walter Fasnacht, archaeometallurgist and Dr Ian Hedley, archaeo-magnetist, involving the excavation of a thick deposit of burnt mate-rials overlying and surrounding two hearths within a small rectangularroom in Area XIII, directly at the corner of Road 6 and Road 11. Thesetwo hearths (61 and 55) were amongst a number located in 2004 in anarea south of Road 11, where much metallurgical activity was notedthat led to the designation of the area as ‘the metalsmiths’ quarter’. Asthese hearths were particularly well preserved, we postponed exca-vation which was conducted this year in collaboration with specialists.A series of analysis programmes was concurrently implemented.

The excavation of Hearth 61 revealed the methods used by theironsmiths to make their objects, allowed an insight into the successive

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use of the same structure and afforded reconstruction in the CyprusMuseum Laboratory. Samples of the numerous corroded iron fragmentswere examined and taken for further analysis. Hearth 55, a circularstructure with walls and floors of clay lining, a typical example of anumber of similar structures found in various part of the site, was alsocarefully excavated, revealing that it was constructed on an olderhearth, part of which was reused for the succeeding structure.

In addition, in collaboration with Rotary Club Aspelia, a small edu-cational programme was held in which a group of High School childrenjoined the excavation team this year and participated in the excavationsin an effort to train and educate the public in heritage values and mana-gement. A guiding tour and a short presentation on behalf of thestudents to the members of the Rotary club on site were also held oncompletion of the project.

Although our intention was not to reveal any more of the site –wealready had to excavate far too much– some other areas also needed tobe clarified. In Area XVII, a rectangular stone lined pit (63) wasexcavated below Road 3 the surface of which was very badly preservedat this point due to modern interventions. This rectangular undergroundstone structure was in line with another 3 circular stone lined pitsexcavated last season. The number of stone lined pits in this area isimpressive and if these are interpreted as bothroi, they may beindicative of the position of the sanctuary on the slope of the hill whereno remains have been preserved. This particular pit is one of only tworectangular pits found on the site as the rest of the stone lined pits arecircular. It measures 1 1.5m. and has a depth of 2.20m. It must havealso been disturbed as one of the sides is not preserved intact, possiblybecause a eucalyptus tree was planted in it. Not much ash or any culticmaterial was retrieved as in other cases, except for two bone astragali.Some loomweights, one of which is of pyramidal shape, pieces of claylining, a large quantity of animal bones and much pottery were alsoretrieved from its interior. It is not unlikely that the stone lined pits mayhave been used for other purposes before they were filled in and closed.

An ashlar construction, located last season, adjacent to the northside of Road 13, was further excavated this year. The remains in thisarea (XVII) are better preserved than elsewhere, as quite accidentally,they suffered a little less intervention in modern times. They consist ofa series of rectangular rooms of varying dimensions along the northside of Road 13. Large ashlar stones of varying dimensions form an

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impressive entrance from the street, Road 13 into the interior of thebuilding consisting of large and small rectangular rooms, not unlikesimilar constructions in Areas V, XIII, XVII and X, the area previouslythought to be an olive press. The examination of the fill and charcoalfound in it might enlighten the purpose of this construction. Smallquantities of reddish clay were also noted in the fill and at least twosmall circular areas with an ashy deposit have been excavated. A smallcircular pit was also excavated outside this building in which two boneastragali, large quantities of animal bones and pottery were found butno other cult object. In another room of the same building of whichonly the foundations of its walls are preserved, a few loomweights andtwo stamped amphora handles of Rhodian origin were found.

All the above remains, just like in every excavation season, werefound below a thick deposit of tumbled stones and earth, denotingdestruction, abandonment and collapse. A short re-occupation is evidentbelow as hearths and flimsy walls are noted above the settlement foundbelow, constructed without respect to the roads or structures. One morecoin found this year, of Ptolemy King of Cyprus from the mint of Pafosdating 80-58 B.C., may give an indication for the terminal date of thesite.

In the lowest layers the settlement designed according to a grid planwas traced throughout. Two coins, one found in the upper layer of thefill and one on the floor of the building described above weretentatively assigned to Ptolemy I Soter, 305/4-285/4 and Ptolemy IIPhiladelphos, ca 266 B.C. and confirm occupation from the beginningof the rule of the Ptolemies.

On the other side of Road 13 substantial walls, about 1.20m. wide,possibly supporting a second storey, formed two long rectangularrooms, the north one subdivided with an interior wall. This impressivebuilding which extends into the unexcavated area, was delineated fromthe area of the cistern complex by an equally wide N-S wall. The samesubstantial walls but extremely fragmentary were also noted further tothe south where circular cisterns were found some years ago. This area,south of Road 13, was also lying below the same thick deposit ofrubble and earth described above and seems to be contemporary withthe complex of stone built cisterns with a circular depression in theircement bottom, obviously settling vats found directly to the West ofthis wall and directly adjoining this large building. It appears that the

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rectangular cement vats represent a later phase in which the stone builtsettling vats were substituted with cement ones. The study of the soilsamples from the interior as well as the detailed study of the ceramicswill give an indication as to function and chronology but the evidencefrom the rest of the area corroborates the two successive phases of thesettlement within the Hellenistic period.

In Area VIII, where we have 4 successive phases of a churchbuilding excavation will not proceed except for the clearance of thelarge stone built water cistern found in 2003. It is an impressive stoneconstruction with a vaulted roof, which was destroyed during theconstruction of the old building for the Association of the CivilServants (PA.SY.D.Y.), when two circular and a rectangular cementbuttresses of large dimensions were sunk within it. When we excavateddown to the base of these columns which were several metres in height,these were broken up and removed to reveal the undisturbed layersbelow, consisting of a fill of yellow clay, followed by a greyish layercontaining lime plaster and wall painting fragments, another layer ofheavily burnt decomposing sandstone and, below a thick layer of burntorganic material, which left its traces on the plaster wall of the cistern.No traces of fire were noted on the walls of the cistern. The floor,plastered and inclining, was only revealed on part of the east side of thecistern. Its depth is 4.87m. (6.87m. from ground level) and wasaccessible by means of 21 steps starting from the south wall. Itmeasures 4.45 7.07m. On the southwest corner, a beautiful stone drainwas made for leading the water into the cistern. Only 8 steps at thelowest part of the staircase were fully preserved in situ, the rest werebroken and some were found fallen in above the burnt organic material,together with a keystone and several polygonal drums. The west wallwas interrupted by a cement column inserted into it for furtherstrengthening of the foundations of the old PA.SY.D.Y. building, andon the north wall a large opening, with a horizontally placed large stoneat the lower part may indicate the presence of a doorway. The rest ofthe area between this cistern and a smaller cistern to the north remainsunclarified as another large cement buttress intervenes, the removal ofwhich is likely to cause damage to this construction.

Although without complete excavation much will remain unclari-fied, it seems that after the fire destruction, already documented on thefloor of the earliest church building, the debris was thrown inside this

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large cistern and the cistern was probably put into another use. Theimpressive dimensions and architecture of this cistern which belongedto this church as well as the column drums thrown in indicate that theearliest building was also an important. The debris also contained rooftiles of the Early Christian period, wall painting fragments of theByzantine period and ceramics dating up to the 16th century, giving agood indication of the chronological range within which the successivechurch buildings were in use before their final abandonment.

THE PLOT AT THE CORNER OFNIKOKREONTOS AND HADJOPOULLOU STREETS(CS XXI.54.2.1 AND XXI.54.2, PLOT 1221, LEFKOSIA)

Excavation in the plot 1221 (CS XXI.54.2.I and 54.2.III) at thecorner of Hadjopoullou and Nikokreontos streets, Lefkosia, which wasintended for the construction of a high rise building by CYBARCOLtd., began with the consent of the owners, on 3 July 2006, under thesupervision of Archaeological Officer A , Dr Despo Pilides, andcontinued until November 2006 with a short break in August. Theexpected result was to locate the extension of the settlement foundacross the street at the Hill of Agios Georgios.

South sector

Excavation began at the south part of the plot, where it was soonrealised, just as at the Hill of Agios Georgios that the higher southslope of the hillock was levelled and only very scanty remains werepreserved in this part just above the natural clay bedrock.

Small quantities of Hellenistic ceramics and a coin assigned toPtolemy IX Soter II (11/6-107/6 B.C.) indicate that the settlementfound at the Hill of Agios Georgios did indeed extend to the East.Remains of walls, hearths and three pits, one of which was circular andconstructed with stones, also recall the stratification at Agios Georgios.The pits contained earlier ceramics dating to the Archaic period. In oneof the trenches on the south sector, in a very hard layer of possiblyredeposited clay and stones lying just above bedrock, 36 silver coins ofthe 5th century B.C., products of an unknown mint, were found. Thestudy of the coins is likely to yield significant information for thecoinage of Cyprus at this period.

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North sector

Part of a road in a direction from East–West was found; in someplaces only the initial layer of mortar and small stones was preservedwhile at others the surface was preserved almost to its total heightlevel, giving an idea of the methods of road construction as well as thesuccessive repairs that it underwent during its use. At one point it wasinterrupted by a rectangular basin used for melting limestone to makegypsum.

A little further to the south of the modern intervention a small clayplastered surface was noted with a complex of three hearths (3A-C),overlying a layer of pebbles. To the same phase, which is veryfragmentarily preserved, belongs a pebbled area with a built channel inthe centre. Around the channel there were quantities of ochre, pieces ofcorroded metal or slag and sherds from an amphora which was mended.A circular hearth (9) on the south and another, also circular, made ofclay at a close distance to the East (5) with large quantities of ashes inthe centre, a stone mould and much slag or corroded iron fragmentsindicate metallurgical activity in the area. The base of a cement basinwas found in situ, very similar to those found in Area XI at the Hill ofAgios Georgios, on the east of Wall 17 which was dividing the areawhere the cistern was found, from another adjacent room or acourtyard. Inside this room there was a hearth adjacent to Wall 9 andanother in the corner of Walls 9 and 22, containing large quantities ofashes, burnt ceramics, bones, stone tools, metal fragments, anarrowhead and ochre. The base of the hearths was plastered with clayand was built on top of older remains. Amongst the ashes a BlackGlazed moulded clay lamp was found with impressed decoration. Theremoval of the section at this point revealed Wall 22 and the floor withwhich it was associated. A large amphora was found broken in situ onthis floor. Many fallen stones (Walls 21 and 5) in the eastern part,overlying the foundations of walls belong to this phase which mayhave been destroyed by serious later disturbances.

In the trenches further to the East, the removal of a whitish claylayer revealed walls that formed four rectangular rooms at the front andat least four at the back. In the first room, north of the channelmentioned above, the base of a furnace was found, oval in shape, on thesurface of which there was a layer of metal residue. While clearing the

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dividing wall (11) of the adjacent room of debris fallen into the interiorof the room, a limestone thymiaterion in the shape of a beardedstanding male supported by a trunk of a tree and bunches of eithergrapes or dates, also holding large bunches and decorated with reddishcolour, was found lying upside down. Two stone steps at the south apartof the room led to a corridor where another room with a pebbled floorwas found. A large broken pithos was found sunken in this floor. Theadjoining room to the East was not completely excavated as the laterhearths above are well preserved and have been retained. In the easternpart in a layer lower than the road mentioned above, belonging to anearlier phase, a wide wall in an E-W direction was noted, associatedwith pottery of the Cypro-Archaic period. Two parallel but not as widewalls from N-S must have been dividing walls of adjoining rooms.Parts of the floor and traces of hearths have been preserved on eitherside of these walls. Similar remains have been traced to the north ofthese findings but their relationship cannot at present be ascertainedbefore excavation is completed.

The workshop remains indicate that activities were connected withmetallurgy. A number of unfired loomweights also indicate that themanufacture of loomweights was another product of the workshops.Other finds, apart from an interesting variety of ceramic types, includeimported Attic Red Figured vase fragments, a clay saucer lamp with apainted depiction of a draped woman on the base and votive limestonefigurines, which bear strong similarities with the finds from the Hill ofAgios Georgios and indicate that this must have been clearly part of theextension of the settlement of Agios Georgios (Archaic, Classical andHellenistic) towards the East. In view of the rare preservation ofarchitectural remains from these periods in association with significantobjects, the site was considered important enough to be preserved. Asthe owners were not willing to compromise the building with anyamendment whatsoever, the plot was expropriated and the excavationwill be completed next year.

POLIS CHRYSOCHOU

The Princeton University excavation at Polis Chrysochou, the siteof the cities of Marion and Arsinoe, directed by William Childs con-centrated at the northern edge of the village in an area once occupied

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by the dig house, which was torn down in 2002. The principal focus ofthis work was a large building about 25 35m. built partly of largeblocks of cut limestone alternating with mudbrick sections. Some ofthe cut stone had been robbed out in later periods, but the south andwest sides are largely intact and the walls stand from two to threemetres. The building has several unusual traits. First the use ofmudbrick walls both between pier-like ashlar sections and mudbrickcross walls between the ashlar “piers” and long rubble walls that framethe ashlar piers on east and west. Second, the building had no percei-vable floor. Third, it contained absolutely nothing. Fourth, the upperparts of the building were filled with sand containing decorated Cypriotpottery of the 4th century B.C. Over the top of the building had beenbuilt in the late 1st century B.C. a Roman building of which the onlywell-preserved part was a large peristyle court paved with concrete, amaterial found in fragments throughout the later use of the site in theByzantine period, indicating that concrete was widely used for flooringin the Roman building. The Roman building appears to have been aprivate villa with an excellent view of the sea.

The classical ashlar and mudbrick building appears never to havebeen completed, since the re-used ashlars and mudbrick walls had notrace of a plaster covering to hide the rough materials used in the walls.The plan of the building so far as recovered is symmetrical with anentrance porch on the south, a large central court (no elements of a roofwere found) with small side rooms, and probably a long, narrow roomat the north. It overlay several small structures of the 6th century B.C.,which were preserved only in fragments: part of a thin concrete floor,several sections of mudbrick walls, and a remnant of a rubble wall.These give no clue to the intended function of the later ashlar andmudbrick building, which nevertheless looks very like a sanctuarybuilding similar to the late 5th-century sanctuary uncovered in the areaA.H9 and reported on in the RDAC for 1988, though with the reverseorientation. Further study is needed before any but the mosthypothetical interpretation is attempted, of which the following is butone of several possibilities: the ashlar and mudbrick building may havebeen under construction directly before the sack of Marion in 312 B.C.by Ptolemy Soter. The sand fill may have been put in to incorporate thestructure into the defence of the city, since it cannot have been far fromthe rapidly constructed city wall, extensive evidence for which was

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recovered in the area A.H9 to the east. Further speculation at this pointis fruitless.

Temporary roofing for the impressive mudbrick wall will hopefullypreserve these for some time. They stand just short of three metres talland, with the ashlar “piers” create the most impressive classicalbuilding in the area of Polis Chrysochou.

The only other area excavated this summer was at the very east endof the ancient site on the eastern edge of the plateau known locally asPeristeries. Here the plan of the building fondly referred to as the“Palace” was uncovered further mainly in its southern sector. The evi-dence gathered in earlier seasons of excavation that the buildingfollowed closely the eastern edge of the plateau was confirmed, sincethe exterior wall running south turns slightly to the west at just thepoint were the east edge of the plateau jogs slightly westward. Severalsmall rooms were uncovered, all damaged by the bull-dozing of thearea in 1999, when an illegal road was in the process of being builtuntil stopped by the excavation’s foreman. It appears probable thatthese rooms gave off an open courtyard to the west. It is also likely thatthe sector of the building preserved was a service wing of a large andextremely well-built structure that may have extended far to the westunder the recent construction of a new elementary school.

The Princeton University excavations at Polis Chrysochou are nowconcluded and a series of study seasons shall ensue to prepare thepublications of over twenty seasons of excavation.

KATO PAFOS

This season’s work at Nea Pafos by the Polish ArchaeologicalMission, under the direction of Prof. Daszewski focused in two areas:the so-called Hellenistic House, immediately south of the House ofTheseus and the House of Aion, immediately east of the House ofTheseus.

The Hellenistic House

Excavation was carried out in rooms numbered 9E, 10E, 14, 15, 16,17, 18 and 19. All of them were situated south of the damaged roomsbuilt over by the Villa of Theseus. Three phases of use of thesestructures were discerned. The earliest belonged to the Late Hellenistic

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period and was ended by a violent destruction. An extensive rebuildingfollowed in Early Roman times limited to the area north of the mainsouth wall, 20.40m. long rebuilt in this period, separating that group ofrooms from the pebble floor courtyard damaged by later intrusions.The third phase followed late in the Roman period, when an enclosurewas added.

The soil surface was about 2m. here above the Hellenistic floors. Ata depth of about 1m. below surface, remains of a floor were uncovered,connected with the “Byzantine” wall, supporting and contiguous to thesouth wall of the House of Theseus both east and west but forming anenclosure at the back of rooms 38 and 39 of the villa. In this wall anarrow passage was made, 0.52m. wide, leading out from the enclosure(possibly for goats and sheep and the shepherd), across which therewas a daub floor. At the same level an entrance, 1.02m. wide, wasopened in the Early Roman wall, at that time between Rooms 14 and15, with a threshold made of masonry block. A stretch of the“Byzantine” wall has been damaged in the area of the Early RomanRoom 16 and only its short eastern part was preserved.

The Roman phase was represented by many walls and largequantities of finds, including a fine portrait in clay of an aged man (FR4/06) and a Greek inscription mentioning Flavios the cashier (FR2/06), long bronze nails and a large shell were also found in the fill.The walls were heavily damaged by an earthquake, which can be datedby the finds to the beginning of the 2nd century AD. The rooms formedtwo rows between the large wall and the entrance court no. 8E: largerRooms 10E, 14, 16, and 18 on the north, which were 4.97-5.06m. longN-S and smaller Rooms: 15, 17, and probably no. 19 (3.70-2.70m.wide) on the south, which are 3.07m. long from N-S. At the eastern endof these rows of rooms another large wall separated this part of thebuilding from another Roman structure. A door leading from Room 19eastward was blocked in the Roman period by 4 thin slabs, set oneabove the other. In the rubble, lamps were uncovered, dating at thelatest to the beginning of the 2nd century, along with the earlier ones ofthe 1st century A.D. Imbedded in consolidated plaster on the floor abronze candelabrum (FR 40/06) was found. Close to it a basalt thickconcave utensil (possibly quern or mortar) was unearthed. In Room 14a fragmentary and very smashed skeleton of a man, which wasprobably killed during the earthquake by a large irregular stone, was a

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witness to a cataclysm. By its side an amphora from Kos was foundcracked below falling walls. In Room 16 a large pithos was situatedclose to the E wall.

The Hellenistic phase is at present only known in some remains ofthe walls and floors. The phase seems to have ended in an earthquakealso, possibly the one of 14 B.C., as on the floors of Room 14, smashedpots are still in situ.

The House of Aion

The excavation in the House of Aion (HA) continued the workstarted in 2005 in the northern part of the building. A group of roomsembellished by mosaic floors, some of which bear geometric decora-tion, as well as two areas paved with large rectangular slabs have beenuncovered in the previous campaign. This year two sectors were exca-vated in the first of the northern continuation of an open space, no. 27,and a further part of its pavement were revealed. Rooms were expectedto be found on both sides: nos 28 on the east and 29 and 31 further tothe west. These rooms have been seriously disturbed by a large moderntrench, dug most probably in the fifties, removing walls, mosaic floorsand the western part of the stone pavement of Room 24N.

The other sector, extending the excavated area to the west in Rooms12E, 12W and 33, has proved to be more interesting. In the first two ofthese rooms Late Roman layers yielded many coins dispersed in asingle occupation stratum, most of which dated to the 4th century A.D.Apart from the Late Roman coins, several earlier ones were also foundincluding Ptolemaic and Early Imperial issues. In this layer severalalmost complete, but broken pottery vessels were also found includingbowls of Phocaean ware form H9 and African amphora of spatheiontype. The most interesting pottery find is a crater, made in similar wareas the African amphorae, which has few counterparts even in Africa.The finds included also a lead plate and a relief, also in lead, as well asa necklace of 12 Cardium shells and a glass paste cylindrical bead.Another interesting find is a small fragmentary mould for castingreliefs in the form of Artemis with flowing robes.

Below this late layer, strata with large quantities of Late Hellenisticpottery were found on the west of the dividing wall in Room 12W,including several crushed Rhodian amphorae with stamped handles.Altogether 26 stamped amphora handles were found in that area,

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mostly Rhodian. Also here the vessels could at least partly be mended,and the latest such piece was a late 1st century B.C. Cypriot Sigillatabowl form H22A. A Campanian plate with outturned rim, paintedlagynos and a Red Slip wide-neck jug were also found. In the adjacentroom on the East the pottery of the same level was somewhat later withvery numerous sherds of mainly 2nd-3rd century Roman amphorae formMau XXVII/XXVIII (the pinched handle amphora), which are at leastpartly restorable. The area has been remodelled with walls supersedingearlier ones and floor levels corresponding to these changes. Theearliest floors and a wall detected in Room 33 dating to the LateHellenistic period were replaced by Roman walls dividing this roomfrom Rooms 12E and 12W and its counterpart separating the two latterrooms. Later in the Roman period new walls were added separatingRooms 12E and 9 and the northern wall of Room 33. Floors of earlierperiods were also cut in Rooms 12E and 12W when the northern wallof Room 7 was probably (re)built. The area, in spite of all thosechanges has all the time retained its household and storage character, incontrast to the representative part of the building (Rooms 1, 2, 3 etc.).

Apart from the two main areas just described, a small trench wasmade further west in HA in Room 4 and north of it, clearing the rubblelayer of their destruction.

THE ANCIENT THEATRE OF PAFOS

The team from the University of Sydney undertook its tenth seasonat the site in April-May 2006 under the direction of Prof. J.R. Green.Much of the work was devoted to the excavation of the eastern third ofthe cavea which is now almost fully exposed. As expected from earliersoundings, most of the eastern side was constructed on an earthenembankment. Here too the seating placed over it had largely beenrobbed out and it becomes clear that the fill over the lower cavea andorchestra derived in the first instance from the wash of soil once theprotection of the seating had been removed.

There were, however, some unexpected discoveries. In the lowerpart of the cavea, between stairways 4 and 5 in the northeast quadrant,a roughly-built monument to Eustorgis was found, a man alreadyknown from an inscription from Salamis. It is in the form of a platformconstructed of elements of the earlier seating in that area with, in frontof it, a re-used statue base on which the original inscription had been

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erased and Eusorgis mentioned as “philoktista”. It rested on some18cm. of fill over the passageway around the orchestra. An opening toit had been created in the containment wall originally constructed forthe presentation of water-spectacles in the 3rd and 4th centuries A.D.,and a granite column incorporated in that wall was at the same timeinscribed, recording him as having “rallied” Cyprus. We may notefurther that a column in the nearby Basilica of Chrysopolitissa,excavated some years ago by A. Papageorghiou, also has an inscriptionrecording him, and it is quite possible that it too, like much othermaterial at that Basilica, came from the area of the theatre.

These inscriptions confirm the form of the name, Eustorgis, whichhad given successive editors of the Salamis inscription some concern.It must clearly be the same man: in Salamis he is mentioned as havingrestored that city. The date of these finds still awaits confirmation. Atthis theatre, it evidently belongs to a fairly advanced stage in the quar-rying phase, but on present evidence one might suppose not so late asthe mid-6th century, as was proposed for the example from Salamis. Thefunction of the monument in a dilapidated, pagan theatre is an intri-guing question. Preparation of a preliminary publication is under way.

Not for from it, but well within the former orchestra, appeared thefoundations of a sizeable kiln of the earlier phase of medieval at thesite, 12th-13th centuries. This is a period noted at the site for itsindustrial activity (and when it appears to have acquired the nameFabrika). The nature of the kiln is not yet entirely clear, but it seemslikely to have been a lime-kiln, for utilising the fragments of marblestill remaining in the area of the theatre.

Parts of a “charonian” tunnel extending from the stage under theorchestra had been investigated in earlier seasons. Further work hasshown that the exit came just beyond the mid-point of the orchestra. Itsdate still awaits confirmation from analysis of related pottery, but itnow seems quite possible that it was built in the Augustan recon-struction of the theatre (perhaps following the earthquake of 15 B.C.)which in general now appears to have been one of considerableimportance. It seems likely that the tunnel continued in use through theAntonine phase and then was filled in deliberately when the orchestrawas converted for use for water-spectacles, probably in the mid-3rd

century A.D. At this time vertical drainage pipes were inserted over themiddle of the tunnel with a massive collection of amphora body-sherds

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below them which are also of interest for further study since they areof somewhat unusual type and many have dipinti on the shoulder-fragments.

Much of the season’s work was devoted to the study of the finds forfinal publication. In addition analysis of the faunal remains which offeruseful contrasts between the post-theatre quarrying phase, with itsdonkeys and cows, and the medieval phases with their differentcharacters (industrial and then settlement) and different eating habitswas also undertaken.

CS 51/10.E.1, PLOT 93, KATO PAFOS-GLYKI NERO

During construction of a building block in the above plot at KatoPafos, archaeological remains were reported almost on the surface ofthe ground. Excavation was undertaken under the supervision of theArchaeological Officer in Pafos, Dr Eustathios Raptou, assisted by thetechnicians of the Pafos Museum.

In the centre of the site, which covers an area of 16 15m., afunerary monument was revealed which consisted of a raised platformwhere a built sarcophagus was found. The platform was constructed onthe natural bedrock and the sand of the beach and it was made of amound of sand, earth and stones, supported on the north and east sidesby walls of rubble. These walls which form the north-eastern corner ofthe structure have been revealed to a length of 7.7m. on the north sideand 4.4m. on the east. The walls are about 0.6m. wide and the heightvaries from 0.5-0.7m. There are no supporting walls on the other twosides, evidently as a result of the difference in height of the groundsurface. The sarcophagus which is in the centre of this construction hasbeen severely damaged on its three sides by the bulldozer. Its originaldimensions were 2.2 1m. and it was made of large plaques of localstone. Part of the east side was preserved in situ, while the plaque ofthe north side was found some distance away and was replaced in itsoriginal position. The floor was not found but it may be possible that itwas removed by the bulldozer.

On the east side of the platform there was a well of rectangularshape, cut in the bedrock, which has not been excavated as yet. Therewere no more constructions in this area except for a few burials andmany animal bones. On the west side of the sarcophagus there was a

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sloping channel with an east–west direction, which led the water into acistern also cut in the bedrock, of about 1m. depth, which seems tohave been older since the platform was built on top of it.

Several walls on the north and east side of the platform, almostparallel to it, seem to have no connection with the structures describedabove and do not seem to have belonged to buildings as they rest onsand and the natural bedrock and no floors associated with them havebeen found. These walls are about 0.65-0.80m. wide and are about1.35-2.40m. away from the platform. Within the walls several intactburials were found as well as human and animal bones and even burialsinside ceramic vessels.

It is evident that the area was used originally as a cemetery forburials perhaps of individuals of poor background, as no particular careseems to have been taken and no burial gifts were found. The waterchannel and cistern mentioned above may have served the needs of thecemetery and later, the area was used for the construction of theplatform and the sarcophagus, damaging in the process the earlierburials and providing an explanation for the scatter of human bones.

Finds are almost exclusively ceramics of the Hellenistic period, 3rd-1st century B.C., which include mainly fragments of unguentaria, fishplates and amphorae, except for a silver ring found on the finger of adeceased person in one of the disturbed burials on the east side of thesarcophagus monument.

GERONISOS ISLAND

The New York University Geronisos Island Excavations, under thedirection of Professor Joan Breton Connelly, on Geronisos Island, justoff the coast of Agios Georgios tis Pegeias, Pafos District continuedthis year with a team of 17 excavators, focusing their efforts on theCentral South Complex. This structure is made up of several smallrooms, measuring roughly 4.5 square metres, which are equipped withstone platforms that rise some 0.40m. above floor level. Quantities ofdrinking cups and bowls, jugs and lagynoi, as well as cooking pots andcasseroles give evidence of dining activity within these rooms. Just tothe north, an open courtyard or plateia was unearthed. It was virtuallyfilled with hundreds of roof tiles, carefully stacked as if being stored.A full variety of types are represented including ridge tiles, pan tiles,

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and Lakonian tiles. It seems as if these were ready to be used for therepair of a roof or some other construction activity. But the buildersnever had the opportunity to put them in place, owing to destruction byan earthquake, probably that of 17 B.C.

The neighbouring trench showed further evidence of this cata-strophic event. A great tumble of rubble wall material, with some frag-ments of architectural mouldings and ashlar blocks, was strewn acrossa level of broken roof tiles. Beneath the debris, fine and coursewarepottery of 1st century B.C. date was recovered, including jugs, plates,bowls, and a stamped Rhodian amphora handle. A bronze needle, alump of lead, an iron nail, and several fragments of cast glass bowlswere recovered from the gravel floor.

This season also saw the excavation of a large round oven, mea-suring 0.90m. in diameter. Made of broken amphora sherds set in acircle and line with mud and marl, this substantial structure probablyhad a beehive roof that has long since collapsed into its interior.Quantities of charcoal and ash were found within it, as well asfragments of an Eastern sigillata A hemispherical bowl with gougeddecoration. This oven clearly served the dining activities that tookplace in the Central South Complex. The precise nature of this activityis not yet fully understood, though the evidence points to a cult ofApollo and to the presence of pilgrims who travelled out to worshipand to banquet. Most of the material recovered here dates to the period80-30 B.C. An even narrower chronology is likely and it is during thethird quarter of the 1st century B.C. that the island enjoyed its mostrobust period of activity.

A wall running north-south for some 15m. can now be seen tocontinue straight across the island, thanks to the opening of a newtrench some 10m. to the north. It is now certain that this wall continuesfor some 60m. to the very northern edge of Geronisos, where it wasrevealed during the 1997 excavations. This wall is part of the lateHellenistic ground plan, and may skirt a roadway or gravel paved paththat runs from north-south just to the east of it.

The 2006 season on Geronisos included the participation of anumber of eminent scholars engaged in the study of material excavatedfrom the Island. Prof. Dimitris Plantzos of the University of Pelopon-nesus came to study the unique series of stamp-seal amulets from

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Geronisos. His publication of this material, which shows importantlinks with seal impressions found at Edfu in Egypt, will appear in theReport of the Department of Antiquities of Cyprus for 2006.

Dr George Maat of the University of Leiden’s School of Medicinecame to study a skeleton unearthed on Geronisos in 2004. He hasidentified it as belonging to an individual aged 7.5-14.5 years, mostprobably in the 10-12 year old range. Though the child is too young toshow definitive indicators of sex, indentations on the chin point mayindicate that the individual was male. Buried at the very base of theisland, these skeletal remains have given a C-14 date of the 1st centuryB.C.-1st century A.D.

Dr Jolanta Ml~ynarczyk of the University of Warsaw continued herstudy of the late Hellenistic ceramics of Geronisos, while Dr MariuszBurdajewicz of the Warsaw Museum continued his study of the glassfinds and prepared drawings of the pottery and architecture. Dr RichardAnderson, architect of the Agora Excavations in Athens, prepared anew site plan of Geronisos using a total station laser theodolite.

Simon Demetropoulos served as staff ecologist and began his studyof the Geronisos land snails. Dr Paul Croft of the Lemba ArchaeologicalField Unit oversaw the ongoing program of rubble wall consolidationand in situ conservation. Walls were reconstituted using a mortar of redsand, white sand, lime, and cement in proportions recommended by theDepartment of Antiquities of Cyprus. Mud pisé was reconstituted witha mixture of Geronisos earth, marl, chaff, and wood glue. All wallfoundations have been covered with geo-textiles at the close of theseason and buried in a light backfilling of earth for protect from theelements.

KATO PAFOS-TOUMPALLOS

The Department of Antiquities announces the completion of thisyear’s excavations by the Italian Archaeological Mission, directed byFilippo Giudice, with the cooperation of Giada Giudice (CataniaUniversity), in the area known as “Sanctuary of Apollo at Toumpallosor Garrison’s Camp in Kato Pafos. The exploration focused on the areaof the Early-Christian basilica, on the area of the Hellenistic under-ground sanctuary and on the area of the Early-Christian domus.

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In the Early-Christian basilica, the apse of a small aisle has beenuncovered to the South of the nave, under a huge collapsed layer.Immediately to the West of the recently discovered apse, a trench in a(sepulchral?) pit has reached the rocky floor of the Hellenistic-Romansanctuary, on which the Early-Christian martyrium superimposed afterthe abandonment of the pagan cults.

A trench in front of the rocky cliff in which the undergroundsanctuary is dug, led to the discovery of another small rock-cutchamber, probably late, but faced up by a wall in blocks probablybelonging to a corridor of the Hellenistic-Roman sanctuary. During thecleaning of a spot not too far from this trench, a large undergroundchamber has been uncovered. The new chamber has a barrel vault andwalls carefully hewn in the rock, and it is very similar to the otherrooms of the Hellenistic-Roman sanctuary. Two passages, walled up inlater time, lead with all probability to other chambers of the sanctuary,still to be explored. It is more and more evident that the sanctuary ofGarrison’s Camp is revealing itself as a vast and articulated complex,with few parallels in the Mediterranean area.

In the area of the Early-Christian domus, the emptying of the largerectangular well (?) uncovered last year continued until the depth of8m., without reaching the bottom. Only the further exploration willclarify the chronology and the function of this impressive excavation inthe rock. In the same area, the exploration of the West margin of thedomus was finished, with the discovery of other rooms. The excavationreached the level of the rock, uncovering other votive pits of the pagansanctuary.

PALAION DEMARCHEION, LEFKOSIA

The fifth excavation season at the site of Palaion Demarcheion,directed by the Archaeological Officer Yiannis Violaris, aimed atunifying primarily the main areas of the excavation by removingsections and extending some of the trenches. Excavation alsocontinued within buildings or structures located in previous seasons,and an attempt was made to solve spatial and chronological problemsand relationships. As this was the last excavation season on the site, thegreatest concern was the landscaping of the site that would ensureaccessibility and its integration into the proposed building of the new

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town hall. Small areas which would be visible in accordance with themodified plan of the building were also investigated and revealed. Atthe same time conservation of the remains was undertaken and thesections all round the excavation were consolidated.

THE ETEK (TECHNICAL CHAMBER) BUILDING,LEFKOSIA

The second and last excavation season at the site required for theextension of the building of the Technical Chamber (ETEK) wasundertaken under the supervision of the Archaeological Officer YiannisViolaris. The excavation was held in two buildings which were used inthe 20th century as workshops as well as in the courtyard between them.It is noteworthy that the north building is at the back of a listed housewhich was built in 1902 (9, Theseus Street) and constitutes part of thesame building. In 2006 the sections of the four trenches which wereexcavated in 2005 were removed and two more trenches wereexcavated in the north building. Another large trench was excavated inthe building south of the interior courtyard.

The remains found consist of two water cisterns, one of which isdated to the 16th and the other to the 15th century A.D. The first succeedsand superimposes the latter. The 16th century cistern was noted in atopographical plan of the beginning of the 20th century, while its lateruse was attested stratigraphically. Both cisterns were constructed ofworked limestone, and the interior walls and floor were plastered.Openings for terracotta pipes were noted as well as other relevantconstructions such as a small side cistern.

Two wells were also found, one of which seems to date from thesame period. Well A is square, constructed of worked limestone, whilethe second, Well B, was part of a building described below; it was ofcircular plan and its walls were not lined with stones. Both wells wereabandoned in the 16th century and were filled with rubbish, includingceramics, animal bones, iron nails and other objects, even humanbones.

A long wall, which extends for longer than 12m. in a North-Southdirection, seems according to the data found at present, to date to the14th century. The use of the building is not yet known as it was only

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partially excavated but some interesting features have been notedwhich indicate that it may have been a monumental building. Earlierarchitectural remains such as floors and wall foundations may belongto an older phase of the building assigned to the 13th century.

A square structure was amongst the most noteworthy finds, itswestern wall sloping up to a certain point, while at the lowest part ofits four walls there were wooden supports, dipped in plaster. Thewooden brackets were joined together at the four points where theywere connected with a large iron nail. There was no floor inside thisbuilding, or at least it was not identified but it contained Well B, whichoccupied most of the interior surface area. Both this structure and thewell were abandoned during the 16th century and it was used as arubbish dump. The limited excavation does not permit an interpretationof the use of this structure but it seems to have belonged to a muchlarger building which extended outside the limits of the excavation.The initial phase of its use may be dated to the 13th-14th century.

EXCAVATIONS ON KINYRAS STREET, LEFKOSIA

Several plots between Kinyras, Koryvos and Rimini streets wereexpropriated by the government for the purpose of the construction ofnew offices for the Town Planning Bureau. Test trials in these plotsbegan in 2005 under the supervision of Archaeological OfficerEftychia Zachariou, with the assistance of the Technicians StaloEleftheriou, Andreas Constantinou and Mary Chamberlain. The findswere drawn by Christoforos Larkos. The finds of the first excavationseason necessitated two more seasons. Architectural remains werelocated on the north part, which even though fragmentarily preserved,they indicate a monumental building. A large room was found, 9m. inwidth and with a preserved length of 25m. in an East-West direction. Awall, about 120cm. wide, seems to extend to the East outside the limitsof the excavation area. The walls are made of sandstone and thefoundations were made of river stones. It is also noteworthy that in thenorth part of the excavation there is a complete lack of ceramics, whichleads to the conclusion that the building may have been excavatedbefore.

In the south part of the excavation architectural remains were re-vealed, which on an initial evaluation, do not seem to belong to the

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same architectural complex as the remains in the north part of the area.These remains indicate a continuous occupation of the site from theMedieval to the Ottoman period. Excavation will continue into the firstmonths of 2007 in an effort to reveal the entire complex and these willbe incorporated into the new building.

THE MEDIEVAL SUGAR-MILL OF KOLOSSI

The thirteenth excavation season at the medieval sugar mill of Ko-lossi in the Lemesos District was directed by the Curator of AntiquitiesDr Marina Solomidou-Ieronymidou, with the assistance of the Techni-cians M. Makri-Chamberlain and A. Tavelis. It aimed at the conti-nuation of the excavation work of the immediate area to the west of themill’s rooms where the grinding of the sugar canes was taking place.

It is well known that Kolossi castle was the headquarters of thehighest military administration Commandery of the medieval religiousmilitary Order of St. John of Jerusalem, the well known Hospitallerknights, since 1380. According to the written sources Kolossi wasgiven to the Hospitallers by the Lusignan King of Cyprus Hugh I since1210. In 1291, after the fall of Acre in Syro-Palestine, the Hospitallerswere forced to leave and so they moved their headquarters first toLemesos and later on, after approximately a decade, in 1302 they wereestablished at Kolossi. In 1310 they moved their headquarters inRhodes while maintaining a Commandery at Kolossi. The Comman-dery of Kolossi was the richest property of the Hospitallers since itcovered a large area which comprised 60 villages with vineyards andsugar plantations around Lemesos, Paphos and the Troodos’s foothills.

This year’s excavations were limited to the investigation of thecircular cutting of the bedrock with a diameter of 4.20m., which cameto light during the excavation campaign of 2005 and which is adjacentto the small wall of a later date erected to the west of the rock-cut largechannel situated to the west of the grinding room of the mill. This is acircular structure of a small depth of 50cm., which was in connectionwith water storage, a fact which is proved by the existence of a specialwaterproof lime preserved in various parts of its sides and mainly at itsnorthern part. The use of this structure as a water cistern is the mostpossible one. It further seems that it was in immediate relation with theunderground chamber of the wheel of the mill, but this will be clarifiedduring next year’s campaign when the small wall of a later date

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covering now the eastern edge of the cistern is going to be taken away.The interior of the circular cistern was full of debris with soil, stonesand bricks similar to the ones with which the furnaces of the nearbyrefinery for the production of sugar are made of. Also at the northernpart of the cistern the debris contained a large number of brokenmedieval pottery. Another wall 4m. long of later date, which is roughlybuilt, cuts through the cistern from east to west.

The movable finds consisted apart from the broken characteristiccrude sugar vessels, one Ottoman clay smoking-pipe, one bronze coinprobably dating to the Lusignan period which was sent to the CyprusMuseum Laboratory for treatment and a part (“tooth”) of a comb madeof ivory.

EXCAVATIONS AT GIALIA MONASTERY

The first excavation season by the Georgian Archaeological Mis-sion, at the Monastery of Gialia (Pafos) was directed by Prof. Dr IulonGagashidre (Ministry of Culture of Georgia) and by the ArchaeologicalOfficer Georgios Filotheou (Department of Antiquities). In 1981 DrVakhtang Jobadze tracked down ruins of a medieval Georgian mona-stery in the forest, at a distance of 5km. east of the village Gialia, Pafosregion. The monastery is mentioned in ancient Georgian writtensources as Ghalia or Zhalia Monastery.

According to the sources Georgians served in the monastery alreadyfrom the 10th century and it continued to belong to the Georgians untilthe 14th century. Inscriptions carved on the buttress of the south porticoof the monastery are also dated from the 14th century. Particular care ofthe monastery was taken by the Queen of Georgia Tamar (1184-1210).After the 14th century, information about the Georgian monastery inCyprus disappears in written sources.

Following an agreement between the governments of Cyprus andGeorgia, and the permit issued by the Director of the Department ofAntiquities of Cyprus and with the blessing of the Patriarch of theGeorgian Orthodox Church Ilia II, the Georgian Ministry of Culturecommissioned an expedition to Cyprus under the leadership of Prof. DrIulon Gagoshidze to carry out archaeological research on the GialiaMonastery.

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During the four weeks of excavation the expedition, the mainconstructions of Gialia Monastery have been cleared in an area of over500sq. m., their layout has been defined more precisely, building layers(building phases) have been elaborated and their chronology has beenresolved.

The oldest building of the monastery is a three-aisled dome churchwhich must have been built in the 10th century and was dedicated to theVirgin.Later, apparently at the end of the 11th century or at the begin-ning of the 12th century, a minor church was attached to the north,which is dedicated to St. George, as it became clear from the oldGeorgian mural inscriptions found in the process of excavating thischurch. The badly damaged monastery was restored at the beginning ofthe 13th century, apparently with Queen Tamar’s sponsorship. One moreextensive restoration was undertaken at Gialia Monastery at the end ofthe 13th century or at the beginning of the 14th century. The materialobtained through archaeological excavations – architectural details,fragments of frescoes, window-panes, a bronze cross, a silver coin,fragments of ceramic vessels – among them some glazed examples –are mainly dated from the 13th-14th centuries although there are alsoobjects of the 15th-16th centuries. In the 16th century the abandonedmonastery was barbarously plundered, the floors were dug out in everybuilding phase and it was then exploded. Despite this destruction it isstill clear that the Gialia Monastery used to be very wealthy, as attestedby the quality of the archaeological finds, the marble floor and the highquality of the wall painting fragments.

RESCUE EXCAVATION ON AGIOS GEORGIOS STREET,STROVOLOS, LEFKOSIA

On the 10th of May 2006 during the mechanical digging of a sewe-age channel (0.70m. wide and 2.00m. deep) by the Sewerage Board ofLefkosia behind the Church of Agios Georgios in old Strovolos, theremains of four vaulted features appeared. A rescue excavation of thefeatures followed from 11.5.2006 to 17.5.2006 under the direction ofContract Archaeological Officer E. Alpha with the assistance ofTechnicians E. Christofi and K. Tsaggaris. The features were all split intwo by the digger and their traces were visible in both the north andsouth section of the channel apart from Feature 4, which was notaffected to a great extent and most of it remained under the existing

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road surface. The highest point of these features was 35cm. beneath theroad surface. Their outline in the sections had a deep reddish colourand their fill comprised of river stones, loose soil, 19th century potteryand a small amount of medieval sgraffito sherds, animal bones, twofragments of limestone basins and a fragment of an ottoman clay pipe.The floor of Feature 1, compact and hard, comprised of the natural bed-rock and small pieces of gravel. The feature’s maximum height mea-sured 1.65m. and maximum width 2.30m. Its lining was very hard andred in colour, an indication that it had been in contact with hightemperatures although no charcoal or burnt debris were found. Due tothe fact that no opening or entrance was found in Feature 1, Feature 3was investigated next. Feature 3 had exactly the same characteristics asFeature 1 although a larger part of it survived beneath the road surfaceand so there was a greater possibility of locating its opening. Indeed,an opening (Diam.: 0.50m.) packed with river stones and hard compactsoil was located at the centre of its roof. The opening in the roof wasthe main indicator that these features were underground structures thatwere used for the storage of cereals (silos). Ethnographic studiesinform us that these silos (goufes) used to be dug in the hard bedrockof open fields, near granaries. Before receiving the cereals the siloswere sterilised against pests and rodents. Thus, an individual enteredfrom the opening in the roof and lit a fire inside them. The charcoal wasthen removed, the cereals were placed inside and the opening wassealed with clay. This therefore explains the features’ hard red liningand the absence of charcoal. These silos were finally abandoned andfilled with stones and other debris sometime during the 19th century.

SURVEY OF AKROTIRI-DREAMER’S BAY

The Akrotiri ‘Dreamer’s Bay’ Ancient Port Project (A-DBAPP)launched its first field season during a three-week period from June 26to July 10, 2006. Goals for the introductory campaign were theinformal and non-intensive survey of the full extent of the site, whichis located inside the boundaries of the British RAF-Akrotiri base on thesouth coast of the Akrotiri Peninsula in southern Cyprus, and thedocumentation of the visible ancient structures and other featuresthrough photography, preparation of scale top-plans, and the creationof an overall site map. The 2006 team ultimately met all these goals,made several important discoveries, and has laid the groundwork for

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the study’s advancement in future seasons. The project is directed byDr J.R. Leonard (Lake Forest College) and Dr D.A. Parks (BrockUniversity). This renewed more intensive study of Dreamer’s Baylaunched in 2006 builds upon previous preliminary studies of the siteconducted by Leonard, with assistance from Dr S. Demesticha(University of Cyprus), since the early 1990s.

The team worked daily on-site to record sixteen previously knownor newly discovered ancient features along the site’s coastline,including two long, internally divided, warehouses and eight furthersections of masonry that may also have belonged to warehouses,maritime villas, or still-to-be-identified harbour structures. In addition,we began recording an extensive cliff-top quarry on the north side of‘Dreamer’s Bay’; a preserved section of distinct, rock-worn cart trackswithin the quarry; and -of particular note – a gigantic, previouslyunrecognized earthen ramp built in antiquity against the cliff facedirectly below the quarry. Rock-worn circles visible at the top of theramp appear to have been roping points for lowering stones down theramp to the sea.

A further ancient structure, square in shape, standing to a height ofapproximately one metre below ground level, and containing a door-way with a threshold and at least two descending steps was noted se-veral hundred metres inland atop an adjacent ridge overlooking the bay.

Offshore, the team examined underwater the area of the ancientbreakwater using snorkelling gear and a motorboat provided by localfriends of the project. Squared stones and ancient pottery fragmentswere noted on the seabed, including a previously unrecorded scatter oflarge stone blocks lying in 2-3m. of water at the foot of the ancientearthen ramp that abuts the cliff-top quarry. Underwater video docu-mentation of the ancient breakwater at Akrotiri-‘Dreamers Bay’ tookplace a little later, in October 2006, due to technical difficulties.

The 2006 introductory campaign of the Akrotiri-‘Dreamer’s Bay’Ancient Port Project succeeded in achieving several important goals.The overall site grid was established, which will allow future investi-gations, including the study of ancient surface pottery and excavationof architectural features, to be conducted systematically. The two lar-gest, best preserved ancient warehouses west of the bay were mappedstone-by-stone. Other adjacent coastal structures –possibly also

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warehouse– were similarly top-planned. The ancient breakwater areawas further examined and preliminarily recorded with video photo-graphy; and a scale site map of the overall site was for the first timecreated.

Furthermore, the existence of a massive, eroding earthen rampbeside the ancient quarry that once provided access between the cliff-top and the sea below was discovered. Ancient roping points at the topof the ramp –in the form of circles worn in the horizontal rock– onceallowed workers to lower quarried stones down the ramp for loadingonto ships. The jumble of stone blocks in the water at the base of theramp suggest some quarried material was lost during this loadingprocess.

The 2006 investigations have revealed numerous seaside and cliff-top buildings existed around the shores of ‘Dreamer’s Bay’ in EarlyChristina times, while on the ridge-top above the harbour there appearto have stood other structures, possibly villas, that overlooked the bayand surrounding area. Furthermore, cleaning and mapping of ancientstructures beside the sea in 2006 has shown that severe erosion is amajor problem on the site. The erosion and imminent collapse ofancient structure into the sea before they can be properly studiedrepresents an important concern that must be addressed in plans forfuture archaeological study and cultural resource management of thesite. The recording and excavation of antiquities in high-risk erosionareas beside the sea constitute a top priority for our project.

Further investigations of Akrotiri-‘Dreamer’s Bay’ are currentlybeing planned, including the study of the site’s extensive surface pot-tery and selective excavation of warehouse and other ancient structuresboth seaside and inland. In addition, visible tombs within the twonecropoleis will be individually located on the recently completed sitemap and assessed for their state of preservation and disturbance. Thestudy of disturbed tombs, whose contents or structural integrity are atrisk from further natural or human actions, similarly represents a toppriority in our ongoing study of Akrotiri-‘Dreamer’s Bay’.

In the longer term, there are plans to conduct certain specialisedstudies at ‘Dreamer’s Bay’, including an examination of domesticarchitecture on the site, a complete physical anthropological asses-sment of the site’s ancient inhabitants, and a geomorphologic study of

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Akrotiri Peninsula with particular focus on the dynamic, evolvinglandscape that has long surrounded the ancient port and once-bustlingmaritime emporium at ‘Dreamer’s Bay’.

SOUTHWEST CYPRUS MARITIME LANDSCAPE PROJECT

This year’s underwater survey in the area adjacent to Kouklia-Palaipafos by a joint team of maritime archaeologists and remotesensing specialists from the Universities of Cambridge and Southampton,and the UK’s National Oceanography Centre, under the direction ofdoctoral researcher Duncan Howitt-Marshall of Magdalene College,Cambridge, forms a crucial part of the research data set on the maritimecultural landscape of southwest Cyprus. A diver archaeologist from theCyprus Department of Antiquities was present through the survey.

The area of archaeological significance was first brought to theattention of Duncan Howitt-Marshall in May 2005 by a local spear-fisherman, Dr Filios Saziedes. During the ensuing summer a collabo-rative project was set up between the Cyprus Department of Antiquitiesand the Centre of Maritime Archaeology, Southampton, in order tosystematically record the nature and extent of the underwater site.During this first season of fieldwork the team, using a simple methodof non-intrusive survey, located an astonishing 120 stone anchors, thesecond largest collection of such artifacts yet found in the easternMediterranean. The precise chronology of the anchors has not yet beenfully determined but from the types recorded many could potentiallydate back as far as the Bronze Age. The sheer abundance of anchorsstrongly suggests that this site was an important anchorage in antiquity,which may have served to transport trade items and pilgrims toPalaipafos and the Sanctuary of Aphrodite from far flung destinationsaround the Mediterranean world.

The 2006 survey was split into two distinct phases. The first phasefocused on remote sensing and geophysical survey of the seabed usingSidescan sonar, mapping the approaches into Kouklia-Palaipafos andpotential east-west sea lands used by mariners in antiquity. Thesophisticated suite of remote sensing equipment was supplied andoperated by the UK’s National Oceanography Centre, Europe’s premiermarine research institute, and searched for cultural anomalies at depthsless than 30m. Members of the archaeological diving team raised asmall number of sediment samples from the seabed in order to create

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the basis of a habit map of the offshore area. This multidisciplinaryapproach will serve to build up a comprehensive picture of the sub-tidal zone, incorporating archaeology, geology, and marine biology inan attempt to create the first digital archive of an underwater site inCyprus.

The second phase of the 2006 fieldwork concentrated on a non-intrusive diver-deployed survey of the site, which mapped the shallowwater area using a comprehensive system of swim-lines. During eachline all cultural material was position-fixed in situ using a hand-heldGPS (Global Positioning System) and a bathymetric profile of theseabed was logged every four seconds using a dive computer. The datafrom the profiles will be transcribed into a GIS (Geographical Infor-mation Systems) program this autumn at the University of Cambridge,creating the initial layer of the digital archive.

The project team will propose further investigation of the site nextyear in a bid to date and provenance the abundant array of stoneanchors. It is hoped that the study will throw further light on the roleof Kouklia-Palaipafos in the maritime communications networksthroughout antiquity.

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PRINCIPALACQUISITIONS BY THE MUSEUMS(Other than those mentioned in Appendix II)

1. The Cyprus Museum, Lefkosia

During the year a number of tombs have been excavated both in theDistrict of Lefkosia and the city itself, most of them looted. Selectedmaterial from these tombs is presented below.

While digging for the foundations of a house on the hill of AgiaParaskevi, a tomb was located (T. 36, 2006/VIII-28/3), whichcontained, even though looted, a number of interesting copper objects,such as three copper pins with conical heads (T. 36/71, H. 27.2cm.;T. 36/72, H. 15.7cm.; T. 36/3, H. 6.6cm.) (Figs 87-89). Another rare pinfrom the same tomb of the knot-headed type was also found (T. 36/38)(Fig. 90) which resembles similar pins found in the same chronologicalperiods in Central and Western Europe. In the same tomb, a copperrazor (T. 36/96, L. 11cm.) (Fig. 91) was also found. The tomb is datedto the Middle Bronze Age.

A Hellenistic tomb was excavated at Mansoura, locality Spilios touListi (T. 1/9, 2006/VIII-28/2), also looted, which contained ceramicsand a copper coin with remnants of cloth (Fig. 92a, b).

The Cyprus Museum also acquired a copper lamp with an elaboratehandle (2006/III-3/6b, L. 19cm.) (Fig. 93) of the Early Byzantineperiod, 5th-6th century A.D. and a Mycenaean IIIB one handled cup(2006/III-3/5, H. 3.4cm., D. 7cm.) (Fig. 94) which imitates a CypriotWhite Slip shape. Both these objects come from Katydata.

2. Larnaka District Museum

An important tomb of the Late Bronze Age (T. 59, M.LA 1886) wasfound during the construction of the road to the new airport in thevillage of Dromolaxia. It was again looted but it still contained acopper saw with a curved blade (T. 59/3, H. 29.5cm., Max. W. 4.5cm.)(Fig. 95), a White Painted Wheelmade crater (T. 59/18, H. 22.2cm.,D. 22cm.) (Fig. 96), a Mycenaean IIIA:2 stirrup jar decorated withspirals (T. 59/31) (Fig. 97), two Mycenaean three-handled jars (T.59/34 and 59) (Figs 98-99) and a White Painted oinochoe (T. 59/51)(Fig. 100).

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In the area of the new Larnaka airport an unlooted tomb of theCypro-Archaic I (T. 61, M.LA. 1889) was found. It contained aPhoenician cup of Grey Polished ware (T. 61/13, H. 4.4cm.,D. 10.8cm.) (Fig. 101) and a small oinochoe in the same ware(T. 61/23) (Fig. 102). A unique terracotta figurine of a seated malefigure drinking from a hemispherical cup, decorated with black and redpaint, was also found in the same tomb (T. 61/7, H. 10.4cm.,W. 5.1cm.) (Fig. 103).

In a trial excavation at Kalavasos-Skouries, a sanctuary of theCypro-Classical period (hitherto unknown) was excavated; a largenumber of fragmentary clay figurines was found, amongst them afemale figurine with outstretched arms, possibly part of a compositegroup of dancers (2005/1, M.L. 1878, Pres. H. 14cm.) (Fig. 104),a second figurine with blurred features, restored, possibly of the sametype (2005/2, H. 13.2cm.) (Fig. 105) and a third figurine, of which onlythe back was preserved (H. 7cm.).

An amphora with globular body was retrieved from the sea at AgiaNapa (M.LA. 1885, H. 83.5cm.) (Fig. 106), dated to the ImperialRoman period (1st century B.C.-1st century A.D.).

3. Lemesos District Museum

During 2006 three tombs were excavated in the West Necropolis ofAmathous. T. 801 (LM 2062) was looted but contained a limestonehead with a peplos of the Hellenistic period, part of which is missing(T. 801/1, H. 20.5cm.) (Fig. 107). T. 802 (LM 2063) contained a rareamphoriskos in plain ware (T. 802/17, H. 20.1cm.) (Fig. 108). T. 805(LM 2066), also looted, contained an imported Rhodian skyphos(T. 805/19, LM 2068) (Fig. 109), a faience scarab with Egyptianhieroglyphic symbols (T. 805/59) (Fig. 110a, b, c) as well as a rareglass amphoriskos in varigated glass (T. 805/64, H. 8cm.) (Fig. 111).

One more tomb was excavated in the well-known cemetery of theEarly Bronze Age at Erimi, where a number of ceramic vessels werefound which include a Red Polished bowl (T. 57/28, LM 2186) (Fig. 112).

4. Pafos District Museum

A number of looted tombs were excavated in the district of Pafos,amongst them one at Pegeia-Zalakiotissa (MP 3712). The tomb was

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found intact and was dated to the Cypro-Archaic II. It contained a localimitation of an imported Ionian skyphos (MP 3712/24, H. 6.9cm.,D. 10.9cm.) (Fig. 113) and an oinochoe with a stylised lotus flower atthe front (MP 3712/5) (Fig. 114). At the locality Faros a tomb wasexcavated dated to the Hellenistic period and contained among otherfinds a silver ring (MP 3715) (Fig. 115).

5. Local Museum of Palaipafos

A looted Early Christian tomb was excavated at Palaipafos whichcontained a pair of gold earrings (T. 181/1+3, RRKM 493, D. 2.5cm.)(Fig. 116), dated to the early Byzantine period (6th-7th century A.D.).

At the locality Kato Alonia a unique sarcophagus was found in alooted tomb (T. 176) (Fig. 117a, b) which bears scenes in relief takenfrom Homer’s epic poems.

6. Local Museum of Marion-Arsinoe

Various tomb groups were excavated in the area of Polis whichyielded important finds. At the locality Peristeries two tombs of theearly Hellenistic period were located, one of which contained a rarecopper ink container with a handle and a lid (MMA 636/59, H. 6.2cm.,D. 6.4cm.) (Fig. 118), an unusual amphora of Plain White VII withhandles on the shoulder and a painted ivy pattern (MMA 636/25) (Fig.119) and a rare oinochoe in Polychrome ware with an embracingcouple in relief on the neck (MMA 636/26, H. 33.5cm., D. 6.5cm.)(Fig. 120). The colours used in the decoration are a lively blue, pink,black and red; they resemble the colours used in almost contemporaryItalian pottery (Canosa ware).

A deep plate decorated with olive branches, also unusual, wasfound in another tomb (MMA 632/10, H. 7.1cm., D. 16.7cm.) (Fig.121a, b).

Part of a Classical/Hellenistic cemetery with looted tombs wasfound at the locality Agios Dimitrios. Some important finds werebrought to light which include a funerary stele with a scene, only partlypreserved, depicting a rider on the upper part and woman with a longchiton holding votive offerings in the lower part (MMA 643/15,H. 49.5cm., W. 24.4cm.) (Fig. 122). At the same locality two morelimestone funerary stelae were found with inscriptions in the Cypro-syllabic script. Traces of red were preserved in the script on one of

103

these stelae (MMA 639/2, H. 68.5cm., W. 26.5cm.) (Fig. 123).

Another tomb in the same locality contained two beautiful vases ofEgyptian alabaster; one is of a rare shape (MMA 642/4, H. 14.2cm.)(Fig. 124) while the second, with two lug handles on the shoulder, is amore common shape (MMA 642/3, H. 17.2cm.) (Fig. 125). Finally agold ring with a quartz bezel was also found (MMA 642/5, D. 2.3cm.)(Fig. 126).

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APPENDIX III

EXPENDITURE AND REVENUE

A.-ORDINARY EXPENDITURE

HEAD 21.08.2.- ANTIQUITIES

2006 2006Appropriated Actual

Expenditure

SUB-HEAD:

0208200102 Basic Salaries 884.794 895.778

0208200103 Increase of Salaries 19.500 19.528

0208200105 Temporary Personnel 0 0

0208200106 Extra Assistance 87.000 73.343

0208200107 Thirteenth Salary 86.806 84.635

0208200108 Thirteenth Salary ofTemporary Personnel 8.325 6.389

0208200141 Cost of Living Allowances 120.329 127.518

0208200208 Hospitality Allowance 1.560 1.560

0208200261 Overtime Fees 103.300 100.360

0208200281 Social Insurance FundContribution 102.216 104.032

0208200282 Social Cohesion FundContribution 25.385 26.266

0208200283 Termination of EmploymentScheme Contribution 15.203 15.008

0208200302 Hourly Paid Staff 557.288 1.890.050

0208200305 Seasonal Staff 875.500 555.798

0208200307 Thirteenth Salary ofHourly Paid Staff 68.616 166.830

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0208200308 Thirteenth Salary ofSeasonal Staff 75.515 40.767

0208200341 Cost of LivingAllowances 1.440.142 0

0208200441 Supervision Allowance 600 860

0208200461 Overtime Fees 53.217 50.090

0208200462 Deduction of Overtime Fees 200 0

0208200481 Social Insurance FundContribution 128.837 172.328

0208200482 Social Cohesion FundContribution 40.948 54.738

0208200483 Termination of EmploymentScheme Contribution 20.663 32.824

0208200484 Provident FundContribution 109.858 105.361

0208200485 Medical SchemeContribution 20.974 21.137

0208200488 Contribution to CentralHoliday Fund 66.560 46.614

0308200002 Travelling Expenses 16.000 9.346

0308200003 Subsistence Allowance 5.400 3.432

0308200004 Deductible Allowance 1.200 661

0308200005 Transportation 300 5

0308200021 Postage 4.700 4.610

0308200022 Telephone charges 17.438 18.628

0308200023 Lighting, Heating, Fuel 2.800 1.293

0308200026 Rates and Water Rates 750 53

0308200028 Newspapers and Periodicals 280 249

0308200029 Advertisements, Publicationsand Publicity 400 0

0308200049 Sundries 850 756

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0308200053 Lighting, Heating, Fuel 72.000 71.964

0308200055 Rents 21.200 12.077

0308200056 Rates and Water Rates 13.000 12.952

0308200099 Incidentals 148.467 144.455

0308200151 Photocopying Materials 1.250 1.233

0308200152 Office Cleaning 15.000 10.800

0308200153 Purchase of Paper 850 753

0308200154 Computers’ Consumables 1.720 1.719

0308200155 Stationery and PrintingSupplies 750 730

0308200157 Purchase of ConsumableEquipment 650 292

0308200158 Purchase of Furnitureand Fittings 15.000 7.635

0308200160 Purchase of DrawingMaterials 3.000 1.434

0308200161 Purchase of Fuel and/orLubricants 29.840 29.339

0308200162 Purchase of MicroelectricAppliances andTelecommunicationEquipment 2.000 924

0308200208 Photographic Supplies 4.200 3.865

0308200210 Purchase of Furnitureand Fittings 10 0

308200229 Photographic Supplies 14.000 13.391

0308200302 Maintenance of OfficeBuildings 1.500 78

0308200303 Restoration of Dig-houses 10 0

0308200319 Minor Works 30.000 22.611

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0308200323 Maintenance of ExhibitionPremises and Museums 34.400 5.135

0308200431 Maintenance of MotorVehicles 15.000 13.735

0308200432 Maintenance of MobileMachines 4.000 2.875

0308200433 Maintenance of ElectricalAppliances and Equipment 8.000 6.349

0308200444 Maintenance of LaboratoryMachinery and Equipment 6.000 5.445

0308200454 Maintenance of AirConditioning Units 2.000 1.904

0308200461 Maintenance of DataProcessing Equipment 6.000 2.588

0308200462 Maintenance ofTelecommunicationEquipment 3.000 1.156

0308200466 Maintenance of OfficeEquipment 1.000 276

0308200481 Maintenance of Furnitureand Fittings 700 8

0308200482 Maintenance and OperationExpenses of Workshop ofCasts and Replicas 20.000 9.586

0308200502 Local Training 10 0

0308200523 Committees/WorkingGroups for the E.U. 2.200 23

0308200531 Conferences abroad 2.800 2.082

0308200564 Archaeological Research 10.000 9.622

0308200654 Publication of Periodicals,Albums and Guides 12.000 536

0308201158 Purchase of Furnitureand Fittings 31.000 9.827

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0308201402 Maintenance of Gardensin Lefkosia 1.500 1.340

0308201407 Maintenance of AncientMonuments in Lefkosia 8.000 365

0308204402 Maintenance of Gardensin Larnaka 500 43

0308204407 Maintenance of AncientMonuments in Larnaka 12.000 4.368

0308205210 Purchase of Furnitureand Fittings 10 0

0308205211 Purchase of Micro-ElectricAppliances 10 0

0308205402 Maintenance of Gardensin Lemesos 1.000 398

0308205407 Maintenance of AncientMonuments in Lemesos 16.500 5.500

0308206303 Restoration of residences 10 0

0308206402 Maintenance of Gardensin Pafos 6.000 2.815

0308206407 Maintenance of AncientMonuments in Pafos 30.000 7.226

0308206609 Emptying of Cesspits 6.000 0

0308300027 Library 12.000 5.506

0308300135 Excavation ofArchaeological Sites 80.000 34.922

0308300525 Participation in Committees/Working Groups of the E.U. 0 0

0308300655 Publication of Studies andCatalogues 37.500 32.035

0308370149 Other Expenses 10 0

0308371525 Participation in E.U.Programmes 120.000 95.533

109

0480200152 Contribution to InternationalOrganisations 3.000 1.385

0408200351 Contribution to theArchbishop Makarios IIIHistorical Cultural Centre 2.500 2.500

0708200502 Purchase and Installationof air Conditioning Units 7.260 6.981

0708200513 Purchase of Other Equipment 10 0

0708200653 Purchase of ConsumableEquipment 10 0

0708200654 Purchase of Office Supplies 910 909

0708200655 Purchase of TelecommunicationEquipment 10 0

0708200801 Purchase and Transportationof Antiquities 7.000 703

0708200802 Purchase of Works ofTraditional Art 2.000 0

0708300501 Purchase of Machinery/Equipment 40.000 29.676

0708300589 Purchase of Vehicles 10 0

0708300652 Purchase of ComputerConsumables 10 0

0708300661 Purchase of ElectronicSecurity Systems 330.000 18.267

0808300901 Improvement and Promotionof Archaeological Sites andAncient Monuments 55.000 5.318

0808300904 Improvement of KourionArchaeological Site 400.000 375.507

0808300905 Improvement of KolossiCastle Archaeological Site 20.000 0

0808300906 Improvement of AmathousArchaeological Site 100.000 0

110

0808300907 Improvement of Kato PafosArchaeological Site 500.000 51.750

0808300908 Reconstruction andRestoration of AncientMonuments 1.170.000 422.448

0808300909 Reconstruction andRestoration of AncientMonuments 80.000 7.517

0808300910 Improvement of theArchaeological site Nissia 50.000 0

0808300923 Other Construction Works 280.980 98.045

0808303083 Improvement of Museums 10 0

0808304082 Expansions of Museumin Larnaka 10 0

0808305082 Expansions of Museumsin Lemesos 109.020 92.348

0808306082 Expansions of Museumsin Pafos 100.000 0

0808311081 Erection of Museums 150.000 0

0808312081 Erection of Museum atAncient Idalion 10 0

0808313081 Erection of Museums 10 0

0808313083 Improvements to theMuseum of Polis Chrysochou 30.000 0

0808314083 Improvements to Museums –The Shipwreck of KyreniaMuseum 10 0

0808320083 Improvements to Museums 10 0

Total Expenditure 9.364.831 6.341.651

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THE ANTIQUITIES FUND

RECEIPTS ACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER 2001

RECEIPTS

Balance in hand on 1st January 2006 351.132,00

A. CONTRIBUTIONS FOR UNSPECIFIED PURPOSES

1. Proceeds from sundry collection boxes 519,00

B. CONTRIBUTIONS FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES

1. For restoration of Monuments:

Proceeds from Collection Box ofHala Sultan Tekke: Conservation ofHala Sultan Tekke 7.089,00

Holy Archbishopric of Cyprus:Conservation of wall-paintings of theChurch of Agios Sozomenos, AgiosSozomenos 2.468,04

Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation:Restoration of the Church of PanagiaKivotos, Agios Theodoros 5.000,00

Community Council of Agios Theodoros:Restoration of the Church of PanagiaKivotos, Agios Theodoros 7.500,00

Church Committee of Panagia Kivotos,Agios Theodoros: Restoration of theChurch of Panagia Kivotos, AgiosTheodoros 3.234,94

Committee of Expatriates and Friendsof Anogyra: Restoration of the Churchof Timios Stavros, Anogyra 2.500,00

Holy Bishopric of Lemesos: Restorationof the Church of Panagia Galaktotrofousa,Asomatos 5.000,00

112

French School at Athens: Excavationsat Amathous archaeological site 695,00

Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation:Restoration of the Church of AgiosGeorgios ton Komanon, Mesana 5.000,00

Monastery of Stavrovouni: Restorationof the Church of Panagia Stazousa,Pyrga 10.000,00

Holy Archbishopric of Cyprus:Restoration of the Church of AgiosGeorgios ton Komanon, Mesana 5.000,00

Holy Archbishopric of Cyprus:Restoration of the Monastery ofArchangelos Michail, Analiontas 22.760,84

Monastery of Agia Thekla: Restorationof the Monastery of Agia Thekla,Mosfiloti 900,00

Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation:Restoration of the Church of AgiosMamas, Alaminos 7.500,00

Church Committee of Agios Mamas,Alaminos: Restoration of the Churchof Agios Mamas, Alaminos 5.180,00

Cyprus Tourism Organisation:Sponsorship of path at Koukliaarchaeological site 15.000,00

Municipality of Idalion: Sponsorshipof excavations at ancient Idalion 5.000,00

Church Committee of Agios Theodoros,Larnaka: Restoration of the Church ofAgios Athanasios Pentaschoinitis,Larnaka 2.100.00

Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation:Restoration of the Church of AgiosMamas, Xyliatos 2.500,00

113

European Programme Rehabimed:Rehabilitation of Lefkara village 115.652,77

Church Committee of Agios Georgios,Agios Dometios: Restoration of theChurch of Agios Dometios 53,14

Church Committee of PanagiaChryseleousa: Restoration of theChurch of Panagia Chryseleousa,Geri 15.000,00

Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties: Cleaningof the mosques 986,85

Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation:Restoration of the Church of PanagiaChryseleousa, Lysos 5.000,00

Community Council of Lysos:Restoration of the Church of PanagiaChryseleousa, Lysos 10.000,00

Church of Agios Georgios, Alona:Restoration of the belfry of the Churchof Agios Georgios, Alona 5.296,50

Church of Agia Marina, Psematismenos:Restoration of the wall-paintings of theChurch of Agia Marina, Psematismenos 740,00

Holy Bishopric of Morfou: Restorationof the wall-paintings of the Church ofAgioi Ioakeim and Anna, Kaliana 4.000,00

Church Committee of Agioi Ioakeimand Anna: Restoration of the wall-paintingsof the Church of Agioi Ioakeim andAnna, Kaliana 2.430,00

Community Council of Mitsero:Excavations at the Church of PanagiaLampadiotissa, Mitsero 2.000,00

114

Holy Archbishopric of Cyprus:Restoration of the Monastery ofAgia Napa, Agia Napa 21.000,00

Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation:Restoration of the Monastery ofPanagia Chrysorrogiatissa, Panagia 3.500,00

Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation:Restoration of the Church of AgiosNikolaos, Filousa 1.500,00

Community Council of Filousa:Restoration of the Church of AgiosNikolaos, Filousa 10.000,00

Church Committee of Agios Nikolaos,Filousa: Restoration of the Church ofAgios Nikolaos, Filousa 4.000,00

Church Committee of Agios Georgios,Kampia: Restoration of the Church ofAgios Georgios, Kampia 7.726,80

Church Committee of Agios Georgios,Kalo Chorio Klirou: Restoration of theChurch of Agios Georgios, Kalo ChorioKlirou 17.000,00

Church Committee of Agia Marina,Linou: Restoration of the Church ofAgia Marina, Linou 14.000,00

Holy Bishopric of Morfou: Restorationof wall-paintings of the Church ofPanagia Skouriotissa 2.500,00

Church Committee of Agios Dimitrios:Restoration of the Church of AgiosDimitrios, Agios Dimitrios 15.000,00

Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties, Larnaka:Restoration of the shop on plot no. 380 7.250,00

115

Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties, Larnaka:Restoration of Kebir Mosque 25.000,00

Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties, Lemesos:Restoration of the Mosque (Church ofAgios Georgios), Episkopi 15.000,00

Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties: Restorationof Moutallos Mosque (Church ofAgia Sofia), Ktima 15.000,00

Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties: Restorationof the Turkish Cemetery Ali Dede,Lemesos 7.500,00

President of the Community Council,Pera Oreinis: Restoration of the OldGirls’ School, Pera Oreinis 7.500,00

Church Committee of PanagiaOdigitria: Restoration of the roomadjacent to Church of ArchangelosMichail, Pera Oreinis 5.200,00

Church of Agios Georgios, Paralimni:Restoration of the wall-paintings of theChurch of Agios Georgios, Paralimni 4.500,00

Church Committee of PanagiaChrysokourdaliotissa, Kourdali:Restoration of the Church of PanagiaChrysokourdaliotissa, Kourdali 805,00

District Office of Lefkosia: Restorationof the water-mill, Akaki 10.000,00

Church Committee of Agios Georgios,Agios Dometios: Restoration of thewall-paintings of the Church of AgiosDometios, Agios Dometios 5.760,00

116

Church Committee of Agioi Anargyroi,Foini: Restoration of the Church of AgioiAnargyroi, Foini 1.000,00

Church Committee of Timios Stavros,Foini: Restoration of the Church ofAgioi Anargyroi, Foini 6,703,00

Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties, Lemesos:Restoration of the Turkish-CypriotSchool, Prastio Avdimou 19.491,62

Church of Agia Marina, Agia MarinaXyliatou: Restoration of thewall-paintings of the Church of AgiaMarina, Avgorou 10.000,00

Community Council of Alithinou:Restoration of the Church of AgiaAnna, Alithinou 6.500,00

Church of Archangelos Michail,Platanistasa: Restoration of the Churchof Archangelos Michail, Platanistasa 18.000,00

Church Committee of ArchangelosMichail, Platanistasa: Restoration ofthe iconostasis of the Church of AgiosIoannis Theologou, Platanistasa 2.500,00

Church Committee of Timios Stavros,Kounou: Restoration of the Church ofTimios Stavros, Kounou 15.000,00

Church Committee of Panagia,Foinikaria: Restoration of the Churchof Panagia, Foinikaria 10.000,00

Church Committee of Panagia Eleousa,Trimiklini: Restoration of the Churchof Panagia Eleousa, Trimiklini 21.000,00

Church Committee of Agioi Petrosand Pavlos, Avgorou: Restoration ofthe Church of Panagia, Avgorou 10.000,00

117

Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties, Larnaka:Restoration of the Zouchouri Mosque 10.000,00

Holy Bishopric of Lemesos: Restorationof the Church of Agios Georgios,Monagri 2.500,00

Church Committee of Panagia Amiros:Restoration of the Monastery of PanagiaAmiros, Apsiou 2.500,00

Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties:Restoration of the Mosque (Church ofAgia Aikaterini), Pelathousa 15.000,00

Ministry of Agriculture, Departmentof Water Development: Excavationsat Pervolia 2.569,87

Ministry of Justice, Police Headquarters:Restoration of the statue of ArchbishopMakarios III, Police Headquarters 214,85

Department of Public Works:Excavations at Kinyras Str. for theconstruction of offices for the TownPlanning Bureau 117.000,00

Cultural Services of the Ministry ofEducation and Culture: Restoration ofthe Medieval Hall of Kastelliotissa 1.000,00

Fire Department: Restoration of theFire Station, Pafos Gate 19.090,66

Church Committee of Agia Paraskevi,Leivadia: Restoration of the Church ofAgia Paraskevi, Leivadia 4.000,00

769.917,88

1.121.049,88

118

EXPENDITUREACCOUNT FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER, 2002

EXPENDITURE

1. Repairs and Improvements to the Ancient Monuments:

Holy Archbishopric of Cyprus: Restorationof the Church of Agios Sozomenos,Agios Sozomenos 2.834,57

Church Committee of Panagia Kivotos,Agios Theodoros Agrou: Restoration ofthe Church of Panagia Kivotos, AgiosTheodoros Agrou 9.842,91

Church Committee of Panagia Kivotos,Agios Theodoros Agrou: Restoration ofthe wall-paintings of the Church of PanagiaKivotos, Agios Theodoros Agrou 4.477,72

Committee of Expatriates and Friendsof Anogyra: Restoration of the Churchof Timios Stavros, Anogyra 2.380,72

Holy Bishopric of Lemesos: Restorationof the Church of Panagia Galaktotrofousa,Asomatos 4.065,85

French School at Athens: Excavationsat Amathous 694,14

European Programme Rehabimed:Rehabilitation of Lefkara village 88.896,11

Church Committee of PanagiaChryseleousa, Geri: Restoration of theChurch of Panagia Chryseleousa, Geri 24.851,78

Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties, Lefkosia:Cleaning of mosques 986,85

Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation:Restoration of the Church of AgiosGeorgios ton Komanon, Mesana 5.000,00

119

Holy Archbishopric of Cyprus: Restorationof the Church of Agios Georgios tonKomanon, Mesana 5.000,00

Community Council of Mesana:Restoration of the Church of AgiosGeorgios ton Komanon, Mesana 3.378,29

Monastery of Stavrovouni: Restorationof the Church of Panagia Stazousa, Pyrga 2.619,38

Holy Archbishopric of Cyprus:Restoration of the Monastery ofArchangelos Michail, Analiontas 24.273,13

Monastery of Agia Thekla, Mosfiloti:Restoration of the Monastery of AgiaThekla, Mosfiloti 3.531,41

Church Committee of Agios Mamas,Alaminos: Restoration of the Churchof Agios Mamas, Alaminos 12.763,06

Cyprus Tourism Organisation:Footpath for archaeological siteof Kouklia 13.151,02

Municipality of Dali: Excavations atancient Idalion 5.914,83

Church Committee of Agios Theodoros,Larnaka: Restoration of the Church ofAgios Athanasios Pentaschoinitis,Larnaka 4.735,63

Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation:Restoration of the Church of AgiaMarina, Agia Marina Xyliatou 9.830,08

Anastasios G. Leventis Foundationand Community Council of Lysos:Restoration of the Church of PanagiaChryseleousa, Lysos 15.149,22

120

Church Committee of Agios Georgios,Alona: Restoration of the belfry of theChurch of Agios Georgios, Alona 5.325,58

Church Committee of Agia Marina,Psematismenos: Restoration of thewall-paintings of the Church of AgiaMarina, Psematismenos 735,91

Holy Bishopric of Morfou: Restorationof the wall-paintings of the Church ofAgioi Ioakeim and Anna, Kaliana 3.983,50

Community Council of Mitsero:Excavations at the Church of PanagiaLampadiotissa, Mitsero 3.013,56

Monastery of Agios Neofytos:Restoration of the wall-paintingsof the Engleistra of Agios Neofytos 1.788,90

Holy Archbishopric of Cyprus:Restoration of the Monastery ofPanagia Chrysorrogiatissa, Panagia 3.186,41

Anastasios G. Leventis Foundation,Community Council of Filousa andChurch Committee of Agios Nikolaos,Filousa: Restoration of the Church ofAgios Nikolaos, Filousa 20.177,25

Church Committee of Agios Georgios,Kalo Chorio Klirou: Restoration of theChurch of Agios Georgios, Kalo ChorioKlirou 18.786,39

Church Committee of Agia Marina,Linou: Restoration of the Church ofAgia Marina, Linou 13.816,03

Holy Bishopric of Morfou: Restorationof the wall-paintings of the Church ofPanagia Skouriotissa, Skouriotissa 2.504,43

121

Church Committee of Agios Dimitrios,Agios Dimitrios: Restoration of theChurch of Agios Dimitrios, AgiosDimitrios 10.012,34

Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties, Larnaka:Restoration of the shop on plot no. 380 7.240,39

Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties, Larnaka:Restoration of the Kebir Mosque 24.157,32

Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties, Lemesos:Restoration of the Mosque (Church ofAgios Georgios), Episkopi 12.093,92

Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties, Pafos:Restoration of the Mosque (Churchof Agia Sofia), Ktima 10.571,29

Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties:Restoration of the Turkish-Cypriotcemetery Ali Dede 13.953,63

President of the Community Councilof Pera Oreinis: Restoration of the Girls’sSchool, Pera Oreinis 4.930,17

Church Committee of Panagia Odigitria:Restoration of the room adjacent to theChurch of Archangelos Michail,Pera Oreinis 5.239,07

Church of Agios Georgios, Paralimni:Restoration of the wall-paintings of theChurch of Agios Georgios, Paralimni 4.392,97

Church Committee of PanagiaChrysokourdaliotissa, Kourdali:Restoration of the Church of PanagiaChrysokourdaliotissa, Kourdali 644,96

122

Office of the District Commissionerof Lefkosia: Restoration of thewater-mill of Akaki 4.739,42

Church Committee of Agios Georgios,Agios Dometios: Restoration of thewall-paintings of the Church of AgiosDometios, Agios Dometios 5.514,36

Church of Agioi Anargyroi, Foini:Restoration of the Church of AgioiAnargyroi, Foini 13.299,45

CYBARCO: Excavations at thecorner of Hadjopoullou andNikokreontos streets, Lefkosia 10.176,00

Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties, Lemesos:Restoration of the Turkish-CypriotSchool, Prastio Avdimou 19.491,62

Church of Agia Marina, Agia MarinaXyliatou: Restoration of the wall-paintingsof the Church of Agia Marina,Agia Marina Xyliatou 6.974,84

Church of Apostoloi Petros and Pavlos:Restoration of the wall-paintings of theChurch of Agia Marina, Avgorou 6.498,37

Church of Panagia Eleousa, Korakou:Restoration of the Church of PanagiaEleousa, Korakou 4.094,58

Community Council of Alithinou:Restoration of the Church of Agia Anna,Alithinou 6.141,65

Church of Archangelos Michail,Platanistasa: Restoration of the Churchof Archangelos Michail, Platanistasa 14.075,88

123

Church of Archangelos Michail,Platanistasa: Restoration of theiconostasis of the Church ofArchangelos Michail, Platanistasa 1.054,80

Church of Archangelos Michail,Platanistasa: Restoration of theiconostasis of the Church of AgiosIoannis Theologou, Platanistasa 2.531,94

Church Committee of Timios Stavros,Kounou: Restoration of the Church ofTimios Stavros, Kounou 14.613,48

Church Committee of Panagia,Foinikaria: Restoration of the Churchof Panagia, Foinikaria 9.244,43

Church Committee of Panagia Eleousa,Trimiklini: Restoration of the Churchof Panagia Eleousa, Trimiklini 19.094,77

Church of Apostoloi Petros and Pavlos,Avgorou: Restoration of the Church ofAgia Marina, Avgorou 9.189,67

Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties, Larnaka:Restoration of the Zouchouri Mosque 1.418,69

Holy Bishopric of Lemesos: Restorationof the Church of Agios Georgios,Monagri 2.497,25

Monastery of Panagia Amirou, Apsiou:Restoration of the Monastery of PanagiaAmiros, Apsiou 2.615,79

Service for the Management ofTurkish-Cypriot Properties, Pafos:Restoration of the Mosque (Churchof Agia Aikaterini), Pelathousa 11.915,47

Ministry of Agriculture, Departmentof Water Development: Excavationsat Pervolia 2.659,87

124

Ministry of Justice, Police Headquarters:Restoration of the statue of ArchbishopMakarios III, Police Headquarters 214,85

Cultural Services, Ministry of Educationand Culture: Restoration of the MedievalHall of Kastelliotissa 1.000,00

Fire Department: Restoration of theFire Station, Pafos Gate 19.090,66

Church of Agia Paraskevi, Leivadia:Restoration of the Church of AgiaParaskevi, Leivadia 3.448,28

TOTAL EXPENDITURE 2006 602.526,84

BALANCE ON 31ST DECEMBER 2006 518.523,04

1.121.049,88

125

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Fig. 2. Inauguration of the exhibition “Choirokoitia. Stone and Earthen Architecture:Reconstructing the Neolithic Settlement” by H.E. the Minister of Communications and Works.

Fig. 3. Inauguration of the exhibition “History Lost” on the illegal excavation and traffickingof antiquities by H.E. the Minister of Communications and Works.

Fig. 4. Presentation of the bi-annual Archaeology Award to the representative of the SwedishCyprus Expedition, Prof. Paul Åström, by H.E. the Minister of Communications and Works.

Fig. 5. Alithinou. Church of Agia Anna, before repairs.

Fig. 6. Alithinou. Church of Agia Anna, after repairs.

Fig. 7. Analiontas. Monastery of Archangelos Michail, during repairs.

Fig. 8. Analiontas. Monastery of Archangelos Michail, after repairs.

Fig. 9. Dali. Chapel of Agios Theodoros, before repairs.

Fig. 10. Dali. Chapel of Agios Theodoros, after repairs.

Fig. 11. Geri. Church of Panagia Chryseleousa, before repairs.

Fig. 12. Geri. Church of Panagia Chryseleousa, during repairs.

Fig. 13. Kalo Chorio (Klirou). Church of Agios Georgios, during repairs.

Fig. 14. Kalo Chorio (Klirou). Church of Agios Georgios, after repairs.

Fig. 15. Kampia. Church of Agios Georgios, during repairs.

Fig. 16. Kampia. Church of Agios Georgios, after repairs.

Fig. 17. Korakou. Church of Panagia Eleousa, before repairs.

Fig. 18. Korakou. Church of Panagia Eleousa, after repairs.

Fig. 19. Linou. Church of Agia Marina, during repairs.

Fig. 20. Linou. Church of Agia Marina, after repairs.

Fig. 21. Pera Oreinis. Church of Agios Georgios, before repairs.

Fig. 22. Pera Oreinis. Church of Agios Georgios, after repairs.

Fig. 23. Peristerona. Church of Agioi Varnavas and Ilarion, during repairs.

Fig. 24. Peristerona. Church of Agioi Varnavas and Ilarion, after repairs.

Fig. 25. Platanistasa. Church of Archangelos Michail, during repairs.

Fig. 26. Platanistasa. Church of Archangelos Michail, after repairs.

Fig. 27. Alaminos. Church of Agios Mamas, during repairs.

Fig. 28. Alaminos. Church of Agios Mamas, after repairs.

Fig. 29. Pyrga. Church of Panagia Stazousa, before repairs.

Fig. 30. Pyrga. Church of Panagia Stazousa, after repairs.

Fig. 31. Agia Napa. Monastery of Agia Napa, during repairs.

Fig. 32. Agia Napa. Monastery of Agia Napa, after repairs.

Fig. 33. Avgorou. Church of Agia Marina, before repairs.

Fig. 34. Avgorou. Church of Agia Marina, after repairs.

Fig. 35. Agios Theodoros (Agros). Church of Panagia Kivotou, before repairs.

Fig. 36. Agios Theodoros (Agros). Church of Panagia Kivotou, after repairs.

Fig. 37. Anogyra. Monastery of Timios Stavros, before repairs.

Fig. 38. Anogyra. Monastery of Timios Stavros, after repairs.

Fig. 39. Episkopi. Mosque (Church of Agios Georgios), during repairs.

Fig. 40. Episkopi. Mosque (Church of Agios Georgios), after repairs.

Fig. 41. Episkopi. Mosque (Church of Agios Georgios), after repairs.

Fig. 42. Episkopi. Mosque (Church of Agios Georgios), during repairs.

Fig. 43. Foini. Church of Agioi Anargyroi, during repairs.

Fig. 44. Foini. Church of Agioi Anargyroi, after repairs.

Fig. 45. Lemesos. Ali-Dede Muslim cemetery, during repairs.

Fig. 46. Lemesos. Ali-Dede Muslim cemetery, after repairs.

Fig. 47. Monagri. Church of Agios Georgios, before repairs.

Fig. 48. Monagri. Church of Agios Georgios, after repairs.

Fig. 49. Omodos. Church of Agios Filippos, before repairs.

Fig. 50. Omodos. Church of Agios Filippos, during repairs.

Fig. 51. Trimiklini. Church of Panagia, before repairs.

Fig. 52. Trimiklini. Church of Panagia, after repairs.

Fig. 53. Argaka. Church of Agia Varvara, before repairs.

Fig. 54. Argaka. Church of Agia Varvara, after repairs.

Fig. 55. Filousa (Kelokedara). Church of Agios Nikolaos, before repairs.

Fig. 56. Filousa (Kelokedara). Church of Agios Nikolaos, after repairs.

Fig. 57. Lysos. Church of Panagia Chryseleousa, during repairs.

Fig. 58. Lysos. Church of Panagia Chryseleousa, after repairs.

Fig. 59. Mesana. Church of Agios Georgios ton Komanon, before repairs.

Fig. 60. Mesana. Church of Agios Georgios ton Komanon, after repairs.

Fig. 61. Pafos. Moutallos Mosque (Church of Agia Sofia), during repairs.

Fig. 62. Pafos. Moutallos Mosque (Church of Agia Sofia), after repairs.

Fig. 63. Panagia. Monastery of Panagia Chrysorrogiatissa, after repairs.

Fig. 64. Panagia. Monastery of Panagia Chrysorrogiatissa, after repairs.

Fig. 65. Pelathousa. Mosque (Church of Agia Aikaterini), before repairs.

Fig. 66. Pelathousa. Mosque (Church of Agia Aikaterini), after repairs.

Fig. 67. Pelathousa. Mosque (Church of Agia Aikaterini), before repairs.

Fig. 68. Pelathousa. Mosque (Church of Agia Aikaterini), after repairs.

Fig. 69. Evrychou. The Railway Station, during repairs.

Fig. 70. Evrychou. The Railway Station, after repairs.

Fig. 71. Fikardou. The House of Evaggelou on plot 20, before repairs.

Fig. 72. Fikardou. The House of Evaggelou on plot 20, during repairs.

Fig. 73. Kakopetria. The House on plot 481, before repairs.

Fig. 74. Kakopetria. The House on plot 481, during repairs.

Fig. 75. Kakopetria. The House of G. Michaelides, before repairs.

Fig. 76. Kakopetria. The House of G. Michaelides, after repairs.

Fig. 77. Kakopetria. The House of G. Michaelides, before repairs.

Fig. 78. Kakopetria. The House of G. Michaelides, after repairs.

Fig. 79. Kakopetria. The House of M. Karaolis on plot 504, before repairs.

Fig. 80. Kakopetria. The House of M. Karaolis on plot 504, after repairs.

Fig. 81. Pera Oreinis. The House of Vasiloudis on plot 197, before repairs.

Fig. 82. Pera Oreinis. The House of Vasiloudis on plot 197, after repairs.

Fig. 83. Pera Oreinis. The House of Krasopoulis on plot 330, before repairs.

Fig. 84. Pera Oreinis. The House of Krasopoulis on plot 330, after repairs.

Fig. 85. Prastio Avdimou. Turkish-Cypriot School, before repairs.

Fig. 86. Prastio Avdimou. Turkish-Cypriot School, during repairs.

Fig. 87. Agia ParaskeviT. 36/71 (1:4).

Fig. 88. Agia ParaskeviT. 36/72 (1:2).

Fig. 89. Agia ParaskeviT. 36/3 (1:1).

Fig. 90. Agia ParaskeviT. 36/38 (1:1).

Fig. 91. Agia ParaskeviT. 36/96 (1:2).

Fig. 92. MansouraT. 1/9 (1:1).

a b

Fig. 93. Katydata 2006/III-3/6b (1:2).

Fig. 94. Katydata 2006/III-3/5(1:2). Fig. 95. Dromolaxia T. 59/3 (1:5).

Fig. 96. Dromolaxia T. 59/18 (1:5). Fig. 97. Dromolaxia T. 59/31 (1:3).

Fig. 98. Dromolaxia T. 59/34 (1:3).

Fig. 99. Dromolaxia T. 59/58 (1:3).

Fig. 100. Dromolaxia T. 59/51 (1:5).

Fig. 101. Larnaka airport T. 61/13 (1:3).

Fig. 102. Larnaka airport T. 61/23 (1:1).Fig. 103. Larnaka airport T. 61/17 (1:3).

Fig. 104. Kalavasos-Skouries2005/1 (1:3).

Fig. 105. Kalavasos-Skouries2005/2 (1:3).

Fig. 106. Agia NapaM.LA. 1885 (1:3).

Fig. 107. AmathousT. 801/1 (1:5).

Fig. 108. AmathousT. 802/17 (1:3).

Fig. 109. AmathousT. 805/19 (1:3).

Fig. 110. AmathousT. 805/59 (1:1).

a b c

Fig. 111. AmathousT. 805/64 (1:2).

Fig. 112. ErimiT. 57/28 (1:3). Fig. 113. Pegeia-Zalakiotissa

MP 3712/24 (1:3).

Fig. 114. Pegeia-ZalakiotissaMP 3712/5 (1:5).

Fig. 115. FarosMP 3715 (1:1).

Fig. 116. Palaipafos T. 181/1+3 (1:1).

Fig. 118. PeristeriesMMA 636/59 (1:3).

Fig. 119. PeristeriesMMA 636/25 (1:5).

Fig. 120. PeristeriesMMA 636/26 (1:5).

Fig. 121 . Peristeries MMA 632/10 (1:3).

a b

Fig. 117. Kato Alonia T. 176 (1:25).

a b

Fig. 122. Agios DimitriosMMA 643/15 (1:15).

Fig. 123. Agios DimitriosMMA 639/2 (1:15).

Fig. 124. Agios DimitriosMMA 642/4 (1:3).

Fig. 125. Agios DimitriosMMA 642/3 (1:2).

Fig. 126. Agios DimitriosMMA 642/5 (1:1).