anomalies, hydrodynamics, and nonequilibrium phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · two topics on applied...

43
Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena Hirosi Ooguri Strings 2013, Seoul 1/43

Upload: others

Post on 23-Jan-2021

2 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

   Anomalies, Hydrodynamics,and Nonequilibrium Phenomena

     Hirosi Ooguri

Strings 2013, Seoul

1/43

Page 2: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

Two topics on applied holography:

◎ far out of equilibrium

non‐linear responseeffective temperature

◎ manifestation of anomalies in hydrodynamics

edge current, Hall viscosity,angular momentum generation

2/43

Page 3: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

In this talk, I will use units where 2 = π= 1, etc.Precise expressions will be given in our papers. 

3/43

Page 4: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

Anomalies and Hydrodynamics

based on 

arXiv:1212.3666 (Phys.Rev.Lett.110.211601)with Hong Liu, Bogdan Stoica and Nico Yunes,

and work in progresswith Hong Liu and Bogdan Stoica.

4/43

Page 5: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

Anomalies have played important roles in high energy physics and string theory.

Recently, it has become clear that anomalies have significant manifestations in the long range behavior of many body systems and affect transport and hydrodynamics. 

5/43

Page 6: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

4d / 5d

New kinetic coefficients:

Bhattacharya, et al. , 0712.2456Erdmenger et al. ,      0809.2488Son and Surowka,      0906.5044

6/43

Page 7: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

Chiral anomalies also generate stripe phases.

Domokos and Harvey, 0704.1604.Nakamura, Park and H.O., 0911.0697.Park and H.O., 1007.3737, 1011.4144.

The construction has been successfullyembedded in string theory.

Donos and Gauntlett, 1106.2004.

7/43

Page 8: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

reduction to 4d / 3d

Consider Reissner‐Nordstrom black branewith chemical potential 

8/43

Page 9: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

edge current

With slight inhomogeneity in boundary condition,

With chemical potential, generates 

heuristic argument

9/43

Page 10: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

edge current:

This gives an edge current at the boundary of thesupport of   . 

10/43

Page 11: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

edge current:

11/43

Page 12: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

angular momentum

With slight inhomogeneity in boundary condition,

With chemical potential, generates 

heuristic argument

12/43

Page 13: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

angular momentum density:

( total angular momentum )

13/43

Page 14: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

angular momentum density:

14/43

Page 15: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

angular momentum generated by gravitational Chern‐Simons:

angular momentum density:

15/43

Page 16: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

Hall viscosity Avron, Seiler and Zograf ('95)

generated holographicallyby gravitational Chern‐Simons:

16/43

Page 17: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

Holographically, the Hall viscosity requires scalar hair.

Saremi and Son, 1103.4851

We found a class of holographic models  for which the Hall viscosity is non‐zero.

17/43

Page 18: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

There seems to be a connection between the angular momentum and the Hall viscosity.

18/43

Page 19: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

★ Edge current★ Angular momentum density★ Hall viscosity

Chern‐Simons terms in the bulk generate

More to be learned from interplay of anomalies, topology and hydrodynamics.

19/43

Page 20: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

Out‐of‐equilibrium Phenomena

based on work in collaboration                with Shin Nakamura.

20/43

Page 21: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

sub‐system

heat bath

TT*

Energy

out‐of‐equilibrium             but stationary

I will discuss two types of non‐linear responses:

◎  electric field ⇒ current

◎  drag force ⇒ brane motion

21/43

Page 22: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

sub‐system

heat bath

TT*

Energy

out‐of‐equilibrium             but stationary

We find:

◎ fluctuations are universal and thermal.

◎ Hawking temperature T   is consistent with     the fluctuation‐dissipation theorem.

*

◎ unexpected features of T* 22/43

Page 23: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

(p+1)‐dim QFT at temperature T                                  ... add (q+1)‐dim defect.

holographically:

probed by a (q+1+n)‐brane               wrapping a compact n‐cycle.

23/43

Page 24: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

probed by a (q+1+n)‐brane on a compact n‐cycle.

turn on electric field E

24/43

Page 25: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

turn on electric field E

*r*

r

25/43

Page 26: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

turn on electric field E

*r

*r

*r

*r

Karch and O'Bannon, 0705.3870.26/43

Page 27: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

Scalar and gauge field fluctuations feel different effective metrics on the brane,

But, both have a horizon at r   with the same Hawking temperature T  .*

*r

Assuming that the brane is static, fluctuations should be thermalized at  T  .*

*

27/43

Page 28: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

*r

For Dp branes probed by  D(q+1+n) branes wrapping a compace n‐cycle,

28/43

Page 29: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

*r

For example, for p = 3 and (q, n) = (2, 3),                                            

reproducing Sonner and Green, 1203.4908.29/43

Page 30: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

*r

T  (E) is monotonic in E   :*

2

30/43

Page 31: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

T   < T   if*

For example, for p = 4 and (q, n) = (1, 0),

31/43

Page 32: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

*r

◎  one can lower the effective temperature T  on the brane by turning on the electric field.

*

◎  T    is the same for all fluctuation modes.*

◎  linear response theory is for O( E ).32/43

Page 33: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

Dp branes probed by a D(q+1+n) brane.

drag force 

pull the D(q+1+n) branewith constant velocity.

33/43

Page 34: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

Dp branes probed by a D(q+1+n) brane.

drag force 

pull the D(q+1+n) branewith constant velocity.

34/43

Page 35: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

drag force 

For example, for p = 3 and q = 0, 

35/43

Page 36: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

◎  electric field ⇒ current

 

◎  drag force ⇒ brane motion

     

36/43

Page 37: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

◎  electric field ⇒ current

 ◎  drag force ⇒ brane motion

In both cases,  T   < T when*

37/43

Page 38: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

◎  electric field ⇒ current 

 

◎  drag force ⇒ brane motionfor p < 5 & C > 0

38/43

Page 39: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

comparison with the Langevin equation 

For p = 3 and q = 0, 

Gubser, Herzog, et al., Casalderry‐Solana and Teaney, Liu, et al., Giecold, et al.  39/43

Page 40: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

fluctuation‐dissipation theorem

40/43

Page 41: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

41/43

Page 42: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

Comments:

◎ r  < r   does not imply T < T    since the metrics     in the bulk and on the brane are different.     

0 * *

◎ known theorems are mostly in O(E);     T > T    happens at O(E   ).       

* 2

◎ there are lattice models with T > T   ,     but rather artificial.        ... more robust examples by holography 

*

42/43

Page 43: Anomalies, Hydrodynamics, and Nonequilibrium Phenomena · 2013. 6. 28. · Two topics on applied holography: far out of equilibrium non‐linear response effective temperature manifestation

감사합니다

43/43