anonymous statistical survey of attributes toru nakanishi and yuji sugiyama okayama univ., japan
TRANSCRIPT
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Anonymous Statistical Surveyof Attributes
Toru Nakanishi and Yuji Sugiyama
Okayama Univ., Japan
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Background
Distributor(Seller)User(Customer)
Man or Woman ?Man or Woman ?Man or Woman ?Man or Woman ?
Young or Old?Young or Old?. . .. . .
AnonymouslyAnonymously
MarketingMarketing
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Background(Cont’d)
Woman, 30, engineer
Maybe useful for identifying the user.Maybe useful for identifying the user.
Man, 15, Student
Man, 48, Dealer
Offering many attributes…
Some distributors want attributes for each user.
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Background(Cont’d)
Female90% 10%Male
Statistical results
Some distributors want only statistical results of attributes for all users.
Survey system to generate only the statistical results is in demand.
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Requirements in the survey system
Anonymity of users– No extra information beyond statistical results
Correctness of results
Anonymous statistical survey system of attributes
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Related Work
Sako proposed a protocol to generate statistical results of attributes
TTP in charge of gender
EncryptMale
Female
90% 10%
Male
No extrainformation No cheating
Trusted not to leak
CorrectnessCorrectness
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But, … Is single TTP really
trusted ?
Sako’s protocol may be simply applied to anonymous statistical survey.
Problem in simple application
Female90% 10%Male
Are users honest ?
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Users cannot cheat.
Each TTP doesn’t have extra information.
Our anonymous statistical survey system of attributes
Assurance
Female
Trustees
Female90% 10%Male
trusted
Quorum is trusted
No extra information
Attribute Authority
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Group
Tool 1: Camenisch-Stadler’s group signature
What’s a group signature ?
signature
Traceable by only TTP
Made by a group memberBut, who ?
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Registration
Signing
Tool 1: Camenisch-Stadler’s group signature (Cont’d)
z, ID
Cert.
z
z Proof( )Cert.
z
Membership Authority
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Tool 2: Threshold Cryptosystem
Only quorum of a group can decrypt a ciphertext.
Trustees
???
Not quorum Quorum
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No cheating
Link is unknown unless quorum is corrupted
Tool 3: Shuffle
Trustees
Randomized and randomly permuted
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Model
Registration
Offering Generating
User TrusteesDistributor
Attribute Authority
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1. Registration in group signature is executed.1. Registration in group signature is executed.
2. z’s are published in lists of respective attributes.
Our survey system - Registration
z’s of malesz , z , ….1 4 z , z , ….
z’s of females
32
z, ID
Cert.
z
Female
UserAttribute Authority
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1. The group signature is offered.
Our survey system - Offering
z
Proof( )Cert.
z
Anonymousz linked to correct attribute
is committed
No users’ cheating
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Male
Female
Male
AfterwardLinked
1. Sent ciphertexts are shuffled.
Our survey system - Generating
Trustees
Link between ciphertext (offering) and attribute is unknown for even each trustee.
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2. For each shuffled ciphertext, it’s linked to attribute, with no extra information of z.
a. Public z’s are shuffled by the same random r,
Our survey system – Generating (Cont’d)
( )r
Malesz , z , ….? ?
r r
Femalesz , z , ….? ?
r r
Malesz , z , ….1 4
Femalesz , z , ….2 3
Randomly permuted in each list
while the ciphertext is randomized by r.
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3. Count revealed attributes, and calculate
statistic.
Our survey system – Generating (Cont’d)
b. Decrypt the ciphertext,
( )r
Malesz , z , ….? ?
r rFemalesz , z , ….? ?
r r
=
rz
rz
Search
FemaleNo extra information
of z’s for even each trustee
and search in lists of z’s.
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Correctness
Security
AnonymityAnonymity in offering:
Anonymity of group signature
No extra information in generating:Shuffles, threshold cryptosystem
Correctness of offering:Proving certificate
Correctness of generating:No cheating in shuffles and decryption
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Conclusion
An anonymous statistical survey system of attributes is proposed. No extra information for each trustee No cheating