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: B175-1 91 0 7 2 4 1 5 0 0032038 9 I ANSI Bl75.1-1991

fo r Power Tools -Gasoline-Powered Ch ain Saw s-Safety Requirements

- A W I A IAmerican National Standards Instit ute11 West 42nd StreetNew York, New York

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A N S I B175.1 91 m 0 7 2 4 1 5 0 0032037 O mANSI (BB175.1 -1991Revision ofANSI 6175.1-1985

American National Standardfor Power TooIs-Gasoline-Powered Chain Saws-Safety Requirements

SecretariatPortable Power Equipment Manufacturers As sociat ion

Approved January 1O , 1991American National Standards Institute, Inc.

Abs t rac tThisstandardwas developed to establishacceptableminimumsafety equirements or hemanufacture of chain saw s. The safety precautions included have been develop ed from experi-ence and test ing by manu facturers, users, and regulatory agencies.

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AmericaNational,n Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSIthat the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria forapproval have been met by the standards developer.Standard Consensus sestablishedwhen, in he udgment of theANSIBoard ofStandards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly andmateriallyaffected nterests.Substantialagreementmeansmuchmorethan a simple majority, ut not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requiresthat all v iews and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort bemade toward their resolution.Theuse of AmericanNationalStandards scompletelyvoluntary; heirexistence does ot in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approvedthe standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or usingproducts, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards.The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards andwill n no circumstances give an nterpretation of any American NationalStandard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authorityo issue aninterpretation of an American National Standard in theame of the AmericanNational Standards nstitute. Requests or nterpretations should be ad-dressed to the secretariator sponsor whose name appears on the title pageof this standard.CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised orwithdrawn at any time. The proceduresof the American National StandardsInstitute equire hat action be aken periodically to reaffirm, evise,orwithdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards mayreceive current information n all tandards by all ing orwriting themericanNational Standards Institute.

Published byAmerican National Standards Institute11 West 42nd Street, New York, New York 0036

Copyrighto 1991 by the American National Standards InstituteAll rights reserved.No par t of t h i s pub l i ca t i on m ay be r ep r oduced i n anyform, n an elec t ron i c re t r i eva l sys tem or otherw ise ,w i thout p r i o r wr i t t en permiss ion of t he pub l i s he r .Printed in the United Statesof AmericaAPSlM1291/48


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Co n te n ts PageForeword ............................................................................................................ I I I1 Scope and purpose ....................................................................................... 12 Normative references ................................................................................... 13 Definitions ...................................................................................................... 1

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4 Responsibility ................................................................................................ 35 General specifications ................................................................................. 36 Chain saw sound level test procedures .................................................. 117 Vibration evel test procedure .................................................................. 138 Kickback test procedure ............................................................................ 159 Mathematical simulation of kickback ...................................................... 23Tables1 Replacement saw chain test sample ......................................................... 82 Balance ........................................................................................................ 103 Attenuation factors for 1/3 octave band centerfrequencies .................................................................................................. 144 Test sequence ............................................................................................. 205 Optional test sequence .............................................................................. 20Figures1 Handle strength test oads ........................................................................ 522 Handle clearances and sizes .................................................................... 533 Pull-type starter test .................................................................................. 544 Bow guide guard ......................................................................................... 545 Front hand guard and chain brake .......................................................... 556 Chain brake test pendulum and test sequence ..................................... 567 Illustration of computed kickback angle .................................................. 578 Guide bar nose definition .......................................................................... 589 Chain saw operation .................................................................................. 5810 Weighting filter frequency attenuation curve ........................................ 5911 Accelerometer mounting locations and weightedacceleration sum ( W A S ) ............................................................................ 6012 Chain saw handle and bar tip coordinates ............................................ 6113 Saw chain tension adjustment................................................................. 6114 Installation of saw and cradle assembly inkickback machine ....................................................................................... 6215 Location of rack/horizontal restraining system assembly .................... 63

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16 Adjustment o f cable of rotary restraining assembly ........................... 6417 Chain brake actuation diagram .............................................................. 6518 Baraboard@ exit angle measurement ................................................... 66AnnexesA Rationale ...................................................................................................... 67B Chain saw nomenclature ........................................................................... 70c Safety precautions for chain aw users ................................................. -71D Chain saw center of gravity and inertia measurements ....................... 73E Kickback machine-chain saw balancing procedure ............................. 79F Kickback machine-Horizontal System..................................................... 83G Kickback machine-Rotary system (with saw in place) ......................... 84H Velocity adjustment .................................................................................... 85J Kickback fixture test record ...................................................................... 86K Procedures fo r control and calibration of Baraboard@test material ................................................................................................ 89L Index to chain saw labeling reqUirelnentS .............................................. 94M Bibliography ................................................................................................. 95

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ANSI 8175.1 71 m O724150 0032043 2

F o r e w o r d (This foreword is not part of American National Standard 8175.1-1991.)This standard sets orth he minimum safety requirements or gasoline-powered chain saws. These requirements have resulted from several yearsof standards development effort by the American National Standard Com-mittee 8175, which became an Accredited Standards Committee in 1984.The original standard was approved in 1979.Working rom he1979versionof he equirements,whichhadbeendeveloped in accordancewith heANSIcanvassmethod of standardsdevelopment, he B175 Committee was established in 1980 o considerseveral modifications to the requirements. In September 1982, the B175Committeesubmittedsuggestedmodifications to several equirements:handle strength, handle size, and handle clearance; chain brake and handguard; balancing test procedures; accelerometer and accelerometermount-ing location; and on/off controls. These modifications were approved by theANSI Board of Standards Review i n 1983.In January 1982, he B175 Committee began heir consideration of theproposed kickback requirements.At that time, the 1979 versionf the ANSI8175.1standard equired hatchain saws beequippedwithadeviceintended to reduce the hazard associated with kickback, and stated that aperformance standard was being developed to replace this requirement.The1985 evisions o he equirementswere he esult of the6175Committee's effort to develop a set of performance requirements to addressthe phenomenon of rotational chain saw kickback or gasoline-poweredchain saws below 3.8 cubic inch displacement.Ithadbeenestimated hat otationalchain saw kickbackaccounts orapproximately one-fifth of all chain saw injuries, including some of the mostsevere injuries. The kickback phenomenon, in which the chain saw can bepropelled upward and rearward toward the operatort rapid speeds, resultsfrom the complex interplayf many variables. Accordingly, the performancerequirements of the 1985 supplement reflected a evel of sophisticationcorresponding o he complexity of the kickback phenomenon tself. Forexample, the testing requirements mandated the use of a specially instru-mented kickback machine designed specifically to measure kickback en-ergy. Compliance with the 1985 requirements, which s expressed in termsof the computed kickbackangle at which either the chain aw guide bar orthe moving saw chain stops, was determined through an analytical model.In addition o the complexity of the test equipment and test procedures, therevised requirements were uniquen that they addressed the safetyf chainsaws produced prior to the 1985 supplement through the provis ions govern-ing eplacementcuttingattachments.The equirements or estingsawchain were developed in recognition of the importance of saw chain in thekickback reaction, and were ntended to provide a means to enhance thesafety of chain saws already in use.In the 1985 supplement, the B1 75 Committee also devised new require-ments for communicating with the user.ew labelsfor chain aw powerheadsand or new and replacement saw chain were devised. In addition, hewarnings and instructions in the owner's manual were supplemented, revisedand reorganized.

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The B175 Committee submitted he proposed rotational kickback provi-sions t o theANSIBoard of StandardsReview on May 20, 1985. Finalapproval by the Boardf Standards Review was received on June 26,1985.TheB175Committeeestablished he effect ivedate or hese evisedrequirements at 90 daysafter the date the requirements were published byANSI. (The date of publication was December 2, 1985.),The Consumer Product Safety Commission, an independent agency f theFederal government, was a nonvoting member andctive participant on theB175 Committee. In May of 1982, CPSC published an Advance Notice ofProposedRulemakingannouncing heagency's ntention to developamandatory consumer product safety rule concerning chain saws and theircomponent and replacement parts. On August 7, 1985, CPSC voted towithdraw heAdvanceNotice of ProposedRulemaking in light of theanticipated effectiveness of these revisions in reducing kickback injuries.Electr ic chain saws are not covered by the kickback requirements in thisstandard. However, Underwriters Laboratories,which was voting memberand active participant on the 1 75 Committee, developed requirements forelectr ic chain saws. (Their standard was ater approved as an AmericanNational Standard and designated as ANSI/UL 1662-1989.)The B175 Accredited Standard Committee began a general review of thestandard in 1985, and submitted a number of revisions to the Board ofStandards Review on November 30, 1990. These proposed changes wereapproved on January 10, 1991. The provisions that are amended by thesechanges nclude: bow guides, guide bar effective length, on/off or stopcontrol, throttle control inkage, handle strength, handle clearance, spark-arrest ing mufflers, sprocket and clutch guards, chain guards, replacementchain, front hand guard, chain brake, rearandle, chip discharge, kickbacktest procedure, replacement guide bar, labels for replacement saw chain,balance, guide bar length, vibration, vibration level test procedure, soundlevel test procedure, and one-handed operation.This standard contains 12 annexes, allf which are informative andre notconsidered part of this standard.Suggestions for improvement f this standard will be welcome.hey shouldbe sent to theOffice of the Secretariat, ASC B175Committee,7315Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 702E, Bethesda, M D 20814-3202.This standard was processed and approved for submittal t o ANSI by theAccredited Standards Committee on Safety of Gasoline-Powered ChainSaws and Leaf Blowers, 8175. Committee approval of this standard doesnot necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval.tthe time it approved this standard, the B175 Committee had the fol lowingmembers:Bela Csonka, ChairmanOrganizat ionepresented Name of RepresentativeAndreas Stihl ........................................................................Manfred BortfeldCarolton Company .................................................................. AtkinsonAmer ican Society of Plastic Surgeons ............................. James Ferrar0

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Organizat ion Represented Name of Representat iveElectrolux Motor AB ............................................................. Dan EricssonHomelite/Textron .................................................................. Jack CampbellMcCulloch Corporation ....................................................... Don WoodwardNational Equipment Servicing Dealers Association......Norman BeckOregon Cutting Systems/Blount ........................................ Arvin HillePoulanMleed Eater............................................................... Bela CsonkaPower Tools Institute ............................................................. James BatesUnderwriters Laboratories.................................................... William HoperU.S. Consumer Products SafetyU.S. Department of Health/Occupational...................................................ommissionnonvotingimcNamara Safety and Health Administration (nonvoting) ........... rank SmithIndividual MembersJack EhlenRonald LoydVindent Morabit

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AMERICANNATIONALTANDARDNSI B175.1-1991American N ational Standardfor Power Tools -Gasol ine-PoweredChain Saws -Safety Requirements1 S c o p e and p u r p o s e1.1 ScopeThe equirements of thisstandardapply toportable, hand-held, gasoline-powered chainsaws for use primarily in cutting wood.

NOTE- Metric units are includedor informationonly.1.2 PurposeThe purpose of this standard s to establishminimum safety requirements with respect tothemanufacture of portable,hand-held,gasoline-powered chain saws.

2 Norma t i veeferencesThe followingstandardscontainprovisionswhich, through referencen his text, constituteprovisions of this American National Standard.At the time f publication, the editions indicatedwere valid.All standards are subjecto revision,andparties to agreementsbasedon hisAmerican National Standard are encouragedto investigate he possibility of applying hemost recent editions f the standards indicatedbe low.ANSI S1.4-1983 andtssupplementANSIS1 .4A- 1985 , Specif icat ion orsound evelmeters

ANSI S2.11-1969 (R1986), Methods fo rspec i -fying the characterist icsf auxiliary equipm entfor shock and vibration measurementANSUSAE J184-FEB87, Qualifyingasounddata acquisit ion systemIE C184(1965), Methods orspecifying hecharacterist ics of electromech anical transduc-ers for shock and vibration measurementsIE C222(1966), Methods orspecifying hecha racteristics of auxiliary equipm ent forhockand vibration m easurementsIEC 651 1979), Sound level metersIS0 5 3 4 9 : 1 9 8 6 , M e c h a n i c a lV i b r a t i o n -Guidelines for the measureme nt and assess-ment of human exposure to hand-transmittedvibration 1)SA J335-SEPT90, Recommended Practice-Multiposit ion small engine exhaust system fireignition suppression 2)3 Def l n i t i ons 3,3.1 bar tip guard: A shield hatpreventscontact with the chain at-the tipf the guide barand that may be removable and replaceable.3.2 bow guide: A narrow rail structure withlarge open center that supports and guides thesaw chain.

IEC and IS0 documents are available rom th e American National Standards nstitute, 11 West 42ndStreet, Ne w York, NY 10036.2, Available from the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.3)Foradditional nomenclature, see annex B.

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ANSI B 3 7 5 . 3 3 EANSI B1 75.1 -1913 .3 bow gu ide cu t t i ng capac i t y : The maxi-mum diameter of the og that the bow guide,with chain and guards attached, will cut through.Capacity shall be expressed in terms of thenearest whole unit of measure (in/cm).3 .4 buck ing : The process of cross-cutting afelled tree, or log, into lengths.3 .5 cha in b rake : A device used to stop hesaw chain.3 .6 ha in saw pow erhead : A chain sawwithout the saw chain and guide bar.3 .7 choke con t ro l : A control that s used torichen the carburetor fuel/air mixture.3.8 c lu tch: A mechanism for connecting anddisconnecting a driven member to and from arotating source of power.3.9 dr ives p r o c k e t : The toothedpart hatdrives the saw chain.3.10 fe l l ing: The process of cutting down atree.3.1 1 fe l l in g back cu t : The final cut in a tree-felling operation made on the opposite side ofthe tree from the notching undercut.3.12 ron thandguard : A structuralbarrierbetween the front handle of a chain saw andtheguidebar, ypically ocatedclose to thehand position on the front handle and some-times employed as an activating ever or achain brake.3.13 ront hand le : Thesupporthandle lo -cated at or toward the front of the chain saw.3.14 gu ide b ar : A solid railed structure hatsupports and guides the saw chain.3.15 gu id e bar e f fect ive ength : The lengthof cut a guide bar and chain willake when theguide bar adjustment s at the halfway point.The chain used for measurement will be theone normally intended o be used with the bar.Measurementshallbemade rom a) hebumper plate (where no spikes are providedrthe spikes are removable) r (b) the oot of thespikes (where the spikes are a permanent partof the saw) o the top f the chain cutters t thetip endof the bar. Capacity shall be expressedin terms of the nearest whole unit of measure(in/cm).2

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3.16ickback3.16.1 p inch k ic kback : The rapid pushbackof the saw chain that can occur when the woodcloses in and pinches the movingaw chain inthe cut along the top of the guide bar.3 .16 .2 o ta t iona l i ckback : The rapidup-ward and backward motion f the saw that canoccurwhen hemoving saw chainnear heupper portion of the tip of the guide bar con-tacts an object such as a log or branch.3 .17 ow-k ick back saw cha in : A saw chainthat has been demonstrated to meet the re-quirements of 5 .12 .2 .4 .3.18 may : The term that ndicates a permis-sive requirement.3.19 muf f ler : A device to reduce ngineexhaust noise and direct the exhaust gases.3.20n o r m a lc u t t i n gp o s i t i o n s : Thosepo-sitions assumed n per forming the bucking andfelling cuts.3.21n o t c h i n gundercu t : A notch cut inatree to direct the trees fall.3.22 oi lerc o n t r o l : A system for oiling heguide bar and saw chain.3.23on /o f fo rs t o pcon t ro l : A control thatallows the engine to run or stop.3.24 pr im er cont ro l : A control for supplyingextra fuel for engine starting.3.25ear handle : The upporthandle 10 -cated at or toward the rear of the saw.3 .26 educed-k i ckb ackg u i d ebar : A guidebar hathasbeendemonstrated o educekickback significantly.3 .27 educed-k i ck back saw cha in : A sawchain that has been demonstrated to reducekickback significantly, but that does not meetthe requirements of 5.12.2.4.3.28 saw ch ain : A loop of chain hat hascutting teeth for cutting wood and is driven ythe engine and supported by the guide bar.3.29 shal l : The term that ndicates a manda-tory requirement.3.30 p ikedb u m p e r s p i k e ): The pointedtooth or teeth used when felling or bucking to


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pivot the saw and maintain position while saw-ing.3.31 sproc ke t : The oothed part hat drivesthe saw chain.3.32 star t er : The mechanism that rotates theengine to start it.3 .33 t h r o t t l e con t r o l sys tem : The completesystem ncluding he hrottle control rigger,throttle control linkage, and, in some cases, athrottle control latch or a throttle control lock-out, or both.3 .33 .1 h r o t t l e on t r o l at ch : A deviceotemporarily set the throttle control valve n apartially open position to aid the operator nstarting the engine.3 . 3 3 . 2 t h r o t t l eo n t r o li n k a g e : Themechanism hat ransmitsmotion rom hethrottle control rigger o he hrottle controlvalve.3 .33.3 t h r o t t l e con t r o l oc kou t : A movablestop hat prevents he accidental opening ofthe throttlecontrol valve until manually re-leased.3 .33 .4 h r o t t l e con t r o l r i gge r : The part ofthesaw, usuallyaever,activated byheoperators hand or finger, which in turn con-trols the throttle control valve.3 .33 .5 t h r o t t l e con t r o l va l ve : A control thatadjusts hevolume of fuel andairmixturedelivered to thecombustionchamber of aninternal combustion engine.

4 Respons i b i l i t yIt shall be the responsibility of the chain sawmanufacturer to design and construct his chainsaws in accordance with clause 5. It shall bethe responsibility of the owner to maintain thechain saw in accordance with the instructionsin the owners manual.Chain saws shall be used in accordance withthe operating nstructions and safety precau-tions isted n the owners manual. It shall bethe responsibility of the owner to ee that suchinstructions and precautions are given to everyoperator who uses the saw.

ANSI B175.1 19915 Genera lpec i f i ca t ions5.1 Throt t lecon t r o lsys temThe chain saw shall be equipped with a con-tinuous-pressure hrottle control system hatwill shut off the power tohe saw chain after thepressure is released.5.1.1Th r o t t l econ t r o l r i gge rThere shall be a guard completely around thetrigger n the plane of trigger motion. A con-tinuous loop formed y the handle and bodyfthe chain aw will satisfy this requirement. Thetrigger shall be locatedso that it may be actu-ated and released while both hands are grip-ping the chain saw handle(s).5.1.2 Thro t t lec o n t r o l o c k o u tIf a throttle control lockout is provided, it shallbeconstructed so that t mustbeactuatedbefore the throttle control valve can be opened.When the throttle control system is locked out,the throttle control valve shall be locked in theidle position. The throttle control lockout shallnot prevent the engine from returning to dlespeed.5.1.3Thro t t lecon t r o l a t chIf a throttle control latch is provided for start-ing, it shall be self-releasing when the throttlecontrol rigger sdepressed. In thestartingmode the saw chain may be powered.The throttle control latch shall be constructedso that two or more independent motions arerequired oengage he atch. A one-motionthrottle atch sacceptable,provided hat tdoes not cause the chain to be powered.5.1.4Th r o t t l econ t r o l i nkageThe throttle control linkage shall either be en-closed or confined n a space defined by thevertical projectionof the handle containing thethrottle control trigger with the saw in an up-right position and with the bar centerline hori-zontal.The throttle control linkage shall be constructedso that a force n the amount of three times theempty weight of the chain saw (without guidebar and aw chain), applied in any direction onthe rear handle, shall ot increase engine speedtoapoint at which heclutchengagesandchain movement begins.

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ANSI 8175.1-19915.1.5 CarburetorThe throttle control valve shall return to theidle position if the throttle control linkage be-comesdisconnected, egardless of theatti-tude of the chain saw.5.2 and lesA l l chain sawsshallbedesignedandcon-structed with a handle, or handles, enablingthe operator o operate the chain saw with twohands.5.2.1 Hand le t reng thThe chain saw handles shall not break whensubjected o he static est oads separatelyapplied in each f six directions as specified infigure 1. The chain saw may be supported attheguidebarmountingpadwhen he estloads are applied. The load shall be applied inthe normal hand grip areaf not more han 3.5in (90 mm). The grip area for the front handleis defined as that area closest o the center ofbalance or he saw when in he bucking orcrosscutting position.5.2.2Handlev ib ra t ion so la t ionsys temIf a handle vibration isolation system is used,the chain saw shall be constructed so that afailure of one or more of the vibration isolatorsshallnot esult in the loss of abilityof heoperator to control the chain saw.5.2.3Handle izes5.2.3.1 GeneralThe handle clearances and he handle sizesshall be at least the minimum values specifiedin figure 2.5.2.3.2Handlec learanceIf a fixed hand guard that meets the require-ments of 5 . 9 . 4 and figure 5 is provided, thenthe equirements of dimension B, figure2,shall not apply.When a saw is provided with ahandguard hatcanbepivoted oward hehandle, the construction shall comply with di-mension B, figure 2.5.3Pu l l - t ypes ta r te rThe chain saw, if equippedwitha opeorrewind starter, shall require no more crankingeffort than that specified n figure 3. The testweight specified in figure 3 shall be attached tothe starter rope and allowed to drop. he dropdistance shall be no more than4 in (61O mm).4

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The chain saw tested shall be ew as shipped,shall be run forot more than 1 hour, and shallbe tested for cranking effort with the room andengine temperatures between 60F and 80F(16C and 27C). If the chainsaw is equippedwithadvice o educestartingeffort, hisdeviceshould be employed.Theminimumcranking speed shall be reached each time onthree consecutive tries.5.4 Cont ro ls5.4.1On/of fo rs t o pcon t ro l sA shutoff control shall be provided o stop theoperation of the engine. The off or stop posi-tion shall be clearly and durably dentified asstop.Thiscontrolshall equiredeliberateactivation before the engine can be restarted.In addition, a shutoff function ay be used thatprovides an automatic reset after a delay suf-ficient to ensure that the engine has come to acomplete stop. A l l off or stop controls shall belocated so that each control can be activatedby the operator while maintaining a grip on thehandles with both hands.5.4.2Ol le r con t ro lIf the chainsaw is equipped with a manualawchain oiler control, t shall be located o that i tcan be operated while maintaining a grip onthe handle, or handles, with both hands.5.4.3Choke on t ro lIf a manual choke control is provided, i t shallbe clearly and durably identified.5.4.4Pr imerCon t ro lIf a manual primer control is provided, it shallbe clearly and durably identified.5.5 F u e l a n k s a n d o i l a n k s5.5.1Tank f i l le ro c a t i o n n dden t i f i ca -t i o nThe fuel tank and oil tank filler openings shallbe located so that heywill not beundulyobstructed by the chain aw components. Eachcap or opening shall be clearly and durablyidentified. If only the caps are identified, theyshall not be interchangeable.5.5.2Tank f i l le ro p e n i n g sThe minimum diameter of the fuel tank fillerhole shall be 0.72 in (18 mm). The minimumdiameter of the oil tank filler hole shall be.5 0in (13 mm).


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5.5.3 Fuelin eThe fuel ine shall be routed so that i t is notsubject to abrasion where the ine s outsidethe fuel tank.5.6Exhaus tsys tem5.6.1 xh aust i rect io nThe exhaust flow shallbe away from the chainsaw and away from the operator when cuttingin the normal cutting positions.5.6.2 Muff lero c a t i o nThe muffler shall be locatedr guarded so thatthe operator will not inadvertently contact anyhot muffler surface when startingor operatingthe chain saw in the normal cutting positions.5.6.3Spark -a r res t ingm u f f l e r sAll sawsshallhavespark-arrestingmufflersmeeting hespecificationsandperformancerequirements given in SAE J335-SEPT90.5 .7 Saw cha in ens ion in gThe chain saw shallbemanufacturedwithprovisions for adjusting the guide baro obtainproper saw chain tension.5.8ars5.8.1Gu ide a rsNo opening with a dimension greater than.40in (10 mm) shall be n the cutting area of theguide bar.5.8.2B o w g u i d e sIn accordance with 5.16, the following wordingshall be placed on the bow guide:

WARNING: A bow guide increases the riskof severekickbackandserious njury. Donot use the bow guideunlessyouhaveexperience and/or specialized training. Donot remove guard(s) and/or spur(s) providedby the manufacturer.This warning may be suitably paraphrased.5.9uards5.9.1Rotat ing ar t uardsA l l power-driven shafts, gears, flywheels, andstarter pulleys, except sprockets and clutches,shall be positioned o r otherwise guarded topreventcontactby aprobehavingahemi-spherical end and a diameter of 0.50 n (13mm).

ANSI B175.1 19915.9.2Sprocke tan dc lu tchguardsThe clutch and sprocket shall be guarded onthe top, sides, and rear so as to conform withtheaccessibilitynoted n 5.9.1. If the chainsaw is equipped wlth a raparound front handle,the sprocket guardhall fully cover the chainothe rear of the handle and extend forward ofthe handle a distancef 1 in (25 mm) or greater.For thisprotectedarea, hesprocketguardmay be open on the bottom, but shall extendtleast 0.50 n (1 3 mm)below he saw chaincutter teeth.5.9.3Bow gu id e guard (s ) and sp ik e@)5.9.3.1 Chain guards that coverthe aw chainon heupper and owerportion of the bowguide, near the powerhead, shall be provided.The guards shall cover a minimumf 4 in (102mm) of exposed chain in each area. To allowfor assembly, a maximumf 0.5 n (1 3 mm) gapis allowed between guards and the powerheadwhen a new, unused chain is installed.5.9.3.2 A bow guide shall also be equippedwith spike(s), dog(s),or spur(s), as illustratedin figure 4.5.9.3.3 The saw chainshallbe eplaceablewithout removing the chainguard(s)r spike(s).5.9.4Fronthand guard5.9.4.1eneralAll chain saws shall be equipped with a fronthandguard,meeting he equirements of5.9.4.2 and the requirements specified in fig-ure 5. The hand guard may be designedo alsofunction as a chain brake actuator.5.9.4.2F ron t handg u a r d m p a c ts t r e n g t hrequ i rementTheguardshallnotbreakwhenstruckonetime by the pendulum shown n figure 6 at themidpoint of the dimension B of figure 5. Thistest shall be conducted at the temperature of-13F f -4.O"F (-25C f 2C). or this test,the chain saw shall not be running. f the handguard can actuate a chain brake, this test shallbecarriedoutwith hechainbrake n heactuated position.5.9.5 Chain rakes5.9.5.1eneralIf a chain brake s provided, t shall stop thesaw chain within 0.15 second, maximum, and


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ANSI B1 75.119910.12 second, average, after actuation, whentested in accordance with 5.9.5.2.If a chain saw is equipped with a hand-guard-actuated chain brake, the actuating lever shallmeet the equirements n5.9.4and he e-quirements specified in figure 5 .When tested n accordance with 5.9.5.2, thestatic release force shall be not less than 4.4Ibf nor more than 15.4 Ibf (20-70 N).5.9.5.2 Hand-guard -ac tua ted ha in raketes t requ i rementsThe following requirements shall be met whentesting hand-guard-actuated chain brakes:

a) During he est, he chain saw shall berigidly mounted byhe bar pador the handles.b) Initially, the brakesfriction surface shallbe in a dry and unlubricated condition.c) Theengineshallbe un-inbefore hetest, and the chain saw adjusted and oper-atedaccording o hemanufacturers n-structions.d) Only new brakes shall be tested.e) No adjustment to he brake shall be per-mitted during the test.f) The test temperature shall be68F k 9Fg)Thechainbrakeshallbeactivated inaccordance with the test sequenceet forthin figure 6. The brake shall be activated bythependulum,havingamass of 1.5 lb(0.7 g) and a length of 27.5 in (700 mm).h) The pendulum shall strike he midpointof dimension B as shown n igure 5. Thedrop height shall be in (200 mm) s shownin figure 6.i) The throttle shall be kept in a fixed posi-tion at racing speed during the test. Racingspeed is defined as the manufacturers ratedengine speed for maximum power plus 33%,or full throttle, whichever is less. When thechain has stopped after braking, the throttleshall be returned to the idle position and thebrake reset. The braking time is defined asthe nterval from the nstant the pendulumhits the chain brake actuator to the instantthe saw chain stops.

(20C f 5C).

6

j ) Thestatic orceneeded o elease hechain brake actuator shall be measured atthe top edge of the hand guard n the direc-tion of 45 forward and downwardn relationto the guide bar centerlinet the midpointofdimension Bas shown in figure 5. The forceshall be applied at a uniform rate with theengine not running.5.9.6 Rear and le

The earhandleshallbedesigned or posi-tioned so that the operators hand is protectedi f the chain breaks r comes off the guide bar.If a rear handle is designedo that any portionof the operators hand isn line with the guide barcenterline, then a hand guard shall be provided.Where a handle offset rom he plane of theguide bar is used, guarding shall extend fromthe right side of the handle a distance suffi-cient o ntersect heplane of thebarandchain, but need not extend more han 1.2 in(30 mm). This protection shall be provided asmeasured from the right outer surface of thehandle and shall extend over that ength de-fined by the projectionf the trigger finger andhand (dimensions F & H) , shown in figure 2, ina direction perpendicular to the surface of thehandle top and down to the guarding.5.10 C h i p d i s c h a r g eThe chain saw shall be designed so that th emain stream of wood chips and sawdust shallnot be directed any higher than the centerlineof the guide bar when tested n the horizontalbucking position.5.11 Sound leve lsThe chain saw sound evel shall not exceed108 dBA t the chain aw operators ear and 84dBA at a distance f 50 ft (15 m) from the chainsaw location. The sound evels shall be mea-sured in accordance with clause. The ownersmanual shall provide instructions for the usefhearing protection.5.12 C h a i n s aw k i c k b a c k5.12.1 S c o p ePermissible limits of computed kickbackangle(see figure7) for chainsaws that are below 3.8cubic inch displacement (c.i.d.)re establishedin 5.12.2. (The application of computed kick-back angle limits o saws that are.8 c.i.d. andlarger s under nvestigation.) In addition, n


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accordance with 5.12.2, all saws shall havedevices to reduce the hazardof kickback. Per-formance requirements for replacement chainare also included in 5.12.2. There are no spe-cific performance requirements for guide barsin the standard. However, ome guidelines forselecting eplacementbars are provided in5.12.2.In accordance with 5.12.3, kickback warninglabelsshallbeplacedonal lchain sawpowerheads, and warning labels shall be usedon replacement saw chains.Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) B175recognizes hat here is a imitedgroup ofusers whose extraordinary needs may not besatisfied by bar-and-chain combinations thatcomply with the45" acceptance criteria of thestandard. In such cases, it is appropriate thatother bar-and-chain combinations bevailableat the user's request. The original equipmentrecommended or sale by he manufacturer,fo r a chain saw below 3.8 c.i.d., shall result inthe hain awmeetingheperformancerequirements of thestandard. Any userchoosingdifferentcuttingattachmentsshalldo so knowingly in the face of clear and strongwarnings.Other clauses dealing with kickback re 5.15,which requires instructions regarding kickbacktobe in he owner's manual, and clause 8,which establishes the test equipment and pro-cedures ordetermining hecomputedkick-back angle.The requirements for the kickback of electricchain saws are not ncluded in this standard,but are described in ANSI/UL 1662. 4,5.12.2 Ac ceptan ce cr i ter ia5.12.2 .1 Chain saws be lo w 3.8 c.i.d.The following applies to chain saws below 3.8c.i.d.:

a) Whenevaluatednaccordancewithclause8,either hechain saw shallnotexceed a 45" computed kickback angle, orthe moving chain shall be stopped beforethe chainsaw exceeds a 45" computed ick-back angle;

ANSI B175.1 -191b) The chain saw shall have at least woseparate features o reduce the riskf injuryfrom kickback, such as a bar tip guard, achain brake, low- or reduced-kickbacksawchain, a educed-kickback guide bar, or otherfeature demonstrated o reduce significantlythe riskof injury fromickback. This require-ment is in addition to the requirement for afront hand guard contained in 5.9.4.

5.12.2.2 Chain saws 3.8 c. i .d. an d abov eThe following applies to chain saws 3.8 c.i.d.and above:

a) Chainsaws3.8 c.i.d. and above maymeet the acceptance criteriaof 5 .12.2.1 ;b) Chain saws 3.8 c.i.d. and above that donot meet the acceptance criteria f 5.12.2.1shall be equippedo reduce the riskf injuryfrom kickback through the use of a featuresuch as a bar ip guard, a chain brake, areduced-kickback guide bar, a ow- or re-duced-kickback saw chain, or other featuredemonstrated to reduce significantly the riskof injury from kickback. This requirementsin addition o he equirement ora ronthand guard contained in 5.9.4.

5.12.2.3 Replacem ent saw ch ainThe following applies to replacementaw chain:

a) Saw chainsold as eplacementequip-ment fo r a specific chain saw model origi-nally certified in accordance with the cri teriaof 5.12.2.1(a) shall,whenevaluated withthat chain saw model, enable that chainawmodel o meet theacceptancecriteria of5.12.2.1(a); orb) It shall conform to the requirements forlow-kickback saw chain in accordance with5.12.2.4.

5.12.2.4 Low -k ickback saw c hainChain may be designated "low-kickback" sawchain if ,when evaluated using the chainawslisted in table1 the computed kickbackangledoes not exceed 45O for any saw. The chainsaws listed in the table are intended to repre-sent 85% of the current United States marketfor chainsaws under 3.8c.i.d. The chain shall

4) Since ANSVUL 1662 is not needed to complete a requirement in this standard, it is listed in annex M,Bibliography.7


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Table 1 - Replacement saw chain test sampleManufacturer

Poulan

EchoHomelite

Husqvarna

McCulloch

Stihl

c.i.d.2.02.33.42.33.71.72.041.62.43.33.52.73.1 13.752.02.13.73.52.02.12.32.32.52.62.93.75

Model2000

2300 AV3400Sears 71 -35507Sears 71 -3561

280E302sXL1o240330SXL

445061

MAC 130PM 31OPM 610PM 1010MAC 130PM 310Titan 35

O09 EQO11 AVEQ024 AVEQ028 WB034 AVSEQ

be tested on each model in the sample that willaccommodate the chain.NOTE -Additional models m ay b e nc c es s a ry toprovide a minimum of four models t ha t will ac-commodate th e chain being evaluated.orthosechain saws equippedwith a chainbrake, thecomputed kickback angle shall be determinedwith the chain brake operative and shall note x c e e d 45".

5.12.2.5 Rep lacement gu ide ba rsBecause of dif ferences n replacement guidebars, the following guidelines shall be onsid-ered to determine kickback energy:

a) Sprocket nose guide bars with the sameeffectiveength, he amenumberof

Size(in)1416181618121610161620181624141416201416161416161620

Bar"

-

Tooth7797 Top Sharp9 Top Sharp77H-Tip911111212119911119Top Sharp9 Top Sharp9 Top Sharp99111110

Pitch310 MINI318 MINI318318 MINI318318 MINI318 MINI318 MINI318 MINI318318325325318318 MINI318 MINI318318318 MINI318 MINI318 MINI318 MINI318 MINI325325318

sprocketnose teeth,and he same pitchmay be considered to have equivalent kick-back energy;b) A hard-nose guide bar having the sameeffective bar length,nd the same or smallernose radius as a sprocket-nose bar,may beconsidered to have equivalent or less kick-backenergy han the sprocketnose-bar.(See figure 8 for definition of bar nose ra-dius.);c) Kickback energy of al l guide bar ypesmay be considered to be ess or smallernose radius sizes.

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A N S I B 3 7 5 . 3 9 3 m 0 7 2 4 3 5 0 0 0 3 2 0 5 4 7 mANSI B1 75.11991

5.1 2.3 Kic kback labels5.1 2.3.1 Lab els- Al l ch ain saw po werh eadsAl l chain saw powerheads shall be clearly anddurably marked in a asting manner with thefollowingverbatim or suitablyparaphrasedstatements pictorial or graphic llustrationsmay be used in lieuof or in addition to writtenstatements):

Contact of the guide bar tip with any objectshould be avoided.Tip contactmay cause the guide baro movesuddenly upward and backward, which maycause serious injury.Both of the operator's hands must be usedto operate the chain saw.

5.12.3.2 Labels - Chain saw pow erheads be-low 3.8 c.1.dChain saw powerheads below 3.8 c.i.d. shallbe clearlyanddurably marked ina astingmanner to identify at least one eplacementbar-and-chaincombination hathasbeenevaluated with that chain saw powerhead andthat will provide performance conforming t o5.12.2.1(a) , and shall state that there may beother replacement components fo r achievingkickback protection.5.1 2.3.3 Labels - Chaln saw pow erheads 3.8c.1.d. and abo ve

a) Chain awpowerheads 3 . 8 c.i.d.andabove hathavebeenevaluatedandfound o meet the acceptance cr iteria of5.12.2.1 may be labeled in accordance with5.12.3.2.b) Chain saw powerheads 3.8 c.i.d. andabove hatarenot abeled in accordancewith 5.12.3.2 shall be clearly and durablymarked in a lasting manner with the follow-ing verbatim or suitably paraphrased warn-ing:WARNING: This chain saw i s capable ofsevere kickback that could result in seriousinjury to the user. Do not operate this chainsaw unless you have extraordinary cuttingneedsandexperienceandspecializedtraining for dealing with kickback. Chainawswith significantly reduced kickback potentialare available.

5.12.3.4 Labels - Rep lacem en t saw cha inAl l saw chain packaging shall be clearly a-beled in accordance with (a), (b), or (c) below,as appropriate.The abelsmaybesuitablyparaphrased or combined, or both, as appro-priate.The abel or labelsmust be clearlyvisible without opening the package.

a) Saw chain that is sold for specif ic chainsaw models an d meets the requirements of5.12.2.3(a) :Thissawchainmet hekickbackperfor-mance requirements of AN SI B1 75.1 -199 1when estedwith listspecificchain sawmodel(s)andguidebarcombinations, orrefer to manufacturer's literature]. It may notmeet the ANSI 6175.1-1991 performancerequirements when used on otherhain sawsor guide bars.b) Saw chain that meets the requirementsof 5.72.2.4:Thissawchainmet hekickbackperfor-mance requirements of ANSI B175.1-1991when tested on a representative sample ofchain saws.c) Saw chain not m eeting the requirem entsof 5.12.2.3 or 5.12.2 .4:WARNING: This saw chain may be capableof severe kickback that could result in seri-o us injury to the user. Do not use this sawchain unless you have experience and spe-cialized training for dealing with kickback.Saw chain with reduced-kickback potentialis available.

5.13a lance .5.13.1 When tested in accordance with5.13.2,the centerline of the guide bar shall not be atan angle greater than 15" above or 30" belowthe horizontal. Fo r chain saws with an enginedisplacement of more than5 in3 81.94 cm3), theguide bar shall not contact the horizontal planedefined by he base of the chain sawwhen ~placed in the upright position.5.13.2 The test procedure is as follows:

a) The chain saw fuel and chain oil tanksshall be filled to at least one-half their re-spective capacities.b)The chain saw shall be itted with hetype of guide bar and chain recommended

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ANSI 8175.1-1991Table 2 - Ba lance

Engine displacement Gu ide ba rI t es te n g t h~~through 2.0>2.0 o 2.5>2.5 o 4.0>4.0 to 5.0>5.0 to 6.0>6.0

through 33>33 to 41>41 to 66>66 to 82>82 to 98>98

121416202432

303540506080l ) Metric conversions are not exact. The numbersare rounded and reflect commonly used metric barlengths.

by the manufacturer. The lengthf the guidebar shall be in accordance with table 2.c) For chain saws with an engine displace-ment up to 5 n3 (81.94 cm3), the chain sawshall be suspended by the front handle grip-ping area with the crankshaft in the horizon-tal position.d) For chain saws with an engine displace-ment more than5 n3 (81.94 cm3), the chainsaw may be supported on a horizontal plane.

5.14 Vib ra t ionVibration of all chain saws except hose n-tended for the occasional user shall meet thefollowing requirement. When tested n accor-dance with clause , the front and rear handlesshallbeconstructed so that he ootmeansquare (rms) value of the weighted accelera-tion sum (WAS) from 3 orthogonal axes oreach handle shall not exceed 15 m/sec/sec.5.15 S a fe t y n s t r u c t i o n s5.15.1 Cha in sawAll chain saw powerheads shall be clearly anddurably marked with the following verbatim orsuitably paraphrased statement:

WAR N IN G: Read and follow all safety pre-cautions n the owners manual. Failure tofollow nstructionscould esult nseriouspersonal njury.

5.15.2 Owner s manua lAn owners manual shall be provided with eachchain saw or powerhead and shall include thefollowing information:a) Theownersmanualshallprovide hesafety precautions listed in nnex D, verba-tim or suitably paraphrased. These shall beof afo rm readily legible and with a letter sizeof not less than 5/64 in (2.0 mm);b) Theownersmanualshallncludeanexplanation of the kickback safety featuresthat the chain saw incorporates as part ofthe original-equipment safety system or thatare recommended by the manufacturer. Thisshall nclude discussion of chain saw fea-tures such as bar ip radius and ype, barlength, bar tipguard,aw chain, chain brake,front hand guard, or other appropriate fea-ture. The owners manual shall also providesufficient information to enable the user tomaintain the safety system throughout thelife of theproductandshallexplain heconsequences of improper maintenance, useof nonconforming replacement components,or the removal of safety devices. The usershall also be nformed about the possibleeffects of normal use and maintenance onthekickbacksafetyperformance of theequipment;c) Theownersmanualshallncluden-structions for starting and stopping the chainsaw;

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d)Theownersmanualshallprovide n-structions for properly installing and adjust-ing the guide bar and saw chain;e) Theownersmanualshallexplain heproper techniques for making the basic fell-ing, limbing, and bucking cuts with the chainsaw;f ) For chain saws that re labeled asmeet-ing the kickback performance requirementsof 5.12.2.1, the owners manual shall cau-tion he user not to use replacement sawchainunless thasbeendesignated asmeeting heANSI8175.1-1991kickbackperformance requirements on that specificpowerhead, or has been designated as low-kickback saw chain in accordance with ANSIB175.1-1991;g) For chain saws that are labeled as meet-ing the kickback performance requirementsof 5.1 2.2.1, the owners manual shall containthe following statement:Low-kickback saw chain s chain hat hasmet the kickback performance requirementsof ANSI B1 75.1 -1 991 (American NationalStandard orPowerTools-Gasoline-Pow-eredChainSaws-SafetyRequirements)when tested on the representativeample ofchain saws below 3.8 c.i.d. specified inNSIh) For chain saws 3.8 c.i.d. and above thatdo not meet the kickback performance re-quirements of 5.1 2.2.1, the owners manualshallcontain hewarningset orth n5.12.3.3(b);i) Theownersmanual hallproviden-structions for the useof hearing protection.

8175.1-1991.

5.16M ar k ingand den t i f i ca t i onThe marking may beaccomplished b y silkscreening,embossing,casting,molding, oraffixing a pressure-sensitive label.The marking used shall form a durable bondwith the base material and shall show no ap-preciable loss of adhesion during weatheringexposure. The marking shall e weather resis-tant and following normal cleaning proceduresshall show no appreciable ading, discolora-tion,cracking,crazing,blistering, or dimen-sionalchange.Themarkingshall not be af-fected by spilled gasoline or oil.

ANSI 6175.1-19916 Chain saw s o u n d e v e l es tp r o c e -d u r e s6.1c o p eThis test procedure establishes the instrumen-tation, test site, saw operation, and measure-ments for determining the sound levelf chainsaws.6.2 I ns t r um en ta t i onThe following instrumentation shall be used:

- A precision sound level meter that meetsthe Type-I requirements of ANSI S1.4 andS1.4A;- As an alternative o making direct mea-surementsusingasound evelmeter,amicrophone or sound evel meter may beused with a magnetic tape recorder, a graphlevel recorder, or an indicating meter, pro-vided the system meets the requirementsfANSI/SAE J184;- A sound evel calibrator (see 6.6.2.4).

Themicrophoneshallbeusedwitha oamwindscreen. The windscreen shall not affectthe overall reading by more than0.5 dBA forthe sound source that is being measured.6.3 Tests i te6 .3 .1 Measurement o f no is e in f ree ie ldThe test area shall be a flat, open space withgroundcovernotexceeding 3 in (8 cm) inheight and free f any large reflecting surfacessuch as signboards or buildings for a minimumdistance of 100 ft (30 m) from the chain sawand microphone.The ambient sound level at the point of mea-surement (including wind effects) coming fromsources other than the chainaw being testedshall be at least 10 dB ower than the soundlevel of th&ehain saw.Measurements shall be made only when windgusts are below 12 mi/hr (5.4 m/s).6.3.2 M easu r em en t o f no i se i n sound r oom( al t e r na te m e thod )An anechoic or semi-anechoic chamber maybe used for conducting noise tests, providedthat they dont vary more than_1 BA fromhefree field test results.

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A N S I B375-3 91 E 0724350 0032057 2 WANSI B175.1 -1 91The correction between the sound room mea-surementand ree ieldnoisemeasurementshall be applied to the result obtained from thesound oom.Sound evels ordistances ex-ceeding the dimensions of the chamber maybe calculated from measurements taken in thechamber provided that sufficient datas avail-able to substantiate such calculations.6.4 Cha in saw op era t ionThe chain saw shall be adjusted for best cut-ting performance in accordance with the chainsaw manufacturer's recommendations.The chain saw shall be operated in an uprightposition, as shown n igure 9 at a minimumdistance of 24 in (610mm) above ground. Thechain saw tested shall be equipped with theshortest guide bar recommendedby the manu-facturer.The ogdiametershallbeapproxi-mately 75 % of the guide bar effective ength+ 1 in (+ 25 mm).All readings shall be taken with the chainsawat wide-open thrott le and. best cutting speedwhile cutting a test log.he best cuttingspeedshall be determined by a cutting speed test.The cutting speed shallnot vary more thanf 5percent during the sound level test cut.The log, microphone, and chain saw shall beso oriented as to produce the maximumoundlevel at the microphone. The cut shalle madewithin 2 in (5cm) of the end of the log.6.5MeasurementsThe sound evel meter shall be set for slowresponse and the A-weighting network.Measurements shall be taken with the micro-phone 50 f t (15 m) from the chain aw and 4 t(1.2 m) above ground.Measurements shall be takent the operator'sear. The microphone shall be ocated in theplane of the guide bar 27.5 in (700 mm) fromthe centerline of the ront handle and within30" rom the vertical toward the operator. heobserver reading he meter shall be at least8 t (2.4 m) from the microphone.The reported sound level shall be the averageof three recorded sound levels that are within2dB of eachother ounded o henearestwhole decibel.12

6.6Generalc o m m e n t s6.6.1ecom m enda t i onsIt is recommended that technically trained per-sonnel select the equipment and that the testbe conducted only by persons trained in thecurrent echniques of soundmeasurementsand chain saw operation.6.6 .2 Precaut ionsProper useof all test instrumentation is essen-tial to obtain valid measurements. Operatingmanuals and other literature furnished by theinstrument manufacturer should be referred toboth for recommended operation f the instru-mentsand orprecautions obeobserved.Specific items to be considered are describedin 6.6.2.1 through 6.6.2.5.6.6.2.1n s t r u m e n t a t i o nThe type of microphoneand tsorientationrelative to the source of noise should be con-sidered.6.6.2.2 WeatherThe effects of ambient weather conditions onthe performance of all nstruments (tempera-ture, humidity, and barometric pressure) shouldbe taken into consideration.6.6.2.3Equ ipm en t ns ta l l at i onProper signal levels, terminating impedances,andcable engthsonmultiinstrumentmea-surement systems should be checked.6.6.2.4 Cal ibrat ionProper acoustical calibration procedures shouldbe observed, including the influence of exten-sion cables, etc. Field calibration shall beadeimmediatelybeforeandaftereach est se-quence. Either an external calibrator or inter-nal calibration means is acceptable or ielduse, provided hat external calibration s ac-complished immediately before and after fielduse. All test results shall be considered invalidshould the recheck by external calibration notbe within 0.5 dB of the initial calibration.6.6.2.5 Other nf lu encesBecause bystanders may have an appreciableinfluence on meter response when they are inthe vicinityof the chain aw or the microphone,not more than one person other than the ob-


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server eading hemeterand heoperatorshall be within50 t (15m) of the chain saw ormicrophone, and that person shall be directlybehind the observer reading the meter, on aline through the microphone and the observer.6 .7 Tes t da ta to be reco rdedThe recorded test data should include the fol-lowing:

- geographicalocation;- dateand ime;- names of chain saw operator, sound levelmeter reader, and observers;- weather onditions,ncludingambienttemperature, wind velocity, and barometricpressure;- make, ype, and serial number of soundlevel meter;- make, model, and serial numberof chainsaw being tested;- type of guide ar, aw hain, ndsprocket being used;- woodspeciesandsize;- allmeter eadings aken;- enginespeed rpm);- sketch of photograph of microphone, log,and chain saw orientation.

7 V i b r a t i o n e v e l e s tp r o c e d u r e7.1 S c o p eThis test procedure establishes the instrumen-tation, test site, saw operation, and measure-ments for determining handle vibration levels.7.2 I n s t r u m e n t a t i o n7.2.1 Genera lTrained personnel shall select the equipmentand the tests shall be conducted only by quali-fied persons trained in the current techniquesfor vibration measurement and chain saw op-eration.Since proper use of all test instrumentation isessential to obtain valid measurements, oper-ating manuals and other literature furnished bythe instrument manufacturer shall be consulted

ANSI B175.1 1991both for recommended operation of the instru-ments and for precautionso be observed. Thespecifictemsdescribed in 7.2.1.1 hrough7.2.1.3 hall be considered.7.2.1 .1 Cal ib ra t ionA l l vibration-measuringequipmentshall becalibrated properly. Field calibratlon shall bemade immediately before and after each testsequence.7.2.1.2F r eq u e n c y e s p o n s eThe instrumentation for the measurement shallhave a uniform frequency response f2 B) interms of acceleration over the whole frequencrange of 8 o 1500 Hz. A t the reference fre-quency, 31.5Hz, the tolerance range shall be+_1 dB. The readings shall be taken using theslow response in accordance with IEC 651.7.2.1.3Hand lecover ingWhen a resilient handle covering lies betweenthe hand and vibrating member, the readingsof the solid handle system shall be recorded.Measurements may be made over the handlecovering i f it can be demonstrated that compa-rable readings may be obtained.7.2.2 HardwareThe test nstrumentation used shall meet therequirementsdescribed in 7.2.2.1 through7.2.2.5.7.2.2.1 Acce le romete rFor each est ocation, heweight of theaccelerometer(s)shallnotexceed 25 g, in-cluding mounting hardware but excluding thecables.Eachaccelerometershallmeet herequirementsoutlined in IEC 184, or AN SIS2.1 . The cross-axis sensitivity shall be nomore than 10 percent of the sensitivity in theaxis to bemeasured.Themounting of theaccelerometer(s) shall be such that the trans-fer unction s latup to 1500 Hz in thedirection(s) to be measured.7.2.2.2 Ampl i f i e rThe amplifying device and amplitude or levelindicator employed shall meet the requirementsoutlined in IEC 222.7.2.2.3MeasurementA s an alternative to making direct measure-ments,amagnetic ape ecorder,agraphic

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ANSI 8175.1-1991Table 3 - Attenuation factors for 1/3octave band center frequencies

Centralfrequency113 octave Hz 1 O00

LineargainO11110.80.630.50.40.3150.250.20.1560.1250.10.0780.06250.050.0390.031 50.0250.020.0156O

GaindB-OOOO-2-4-6-8

-1 o-1 2-1 4-1 6-1 8-20-22-24-26-28-30-32-34-36-

level recorder, r indicating metermay beused.An alternate measurement technique can be touse a sampling network to record he continu-ous measurements as a discrete time series,with appropriate anti-alias iltering. Process-ing of measurementsshouldbeconductedusing signal analysis provided thatt meets therequirements outlined in IEC 222 and ANSI/SAE J184.7.2.2.4 TachometerA tachometer shall be used o measure heengine speed, n revolutions per minute, accu-rate to withinf3 percent of the reading.7.2.2.5i l terA frequency ilter used o weigh he overallvibration level in each axis is defined in figure10.Table 3 gives the attenuation factors for1/3-octave-band center frequencies.or otherfrequency spectral techniques, filter weighting14

frequencies that comply with the guidelines inthe table are acceptable.7.2.3Acce le romete r oca t ionan dm o u n t -in gThe accelerometer(s) shall be rigidly mountedsuch hat hecenter of gravity s ess han0.8 in (20mm) from the outside of the handlebar contour and shall be locatedo as to permita normal hand grip. The accelerometer(s) shallbe ocated as close to the hand as practical.Care shall be taken that the size, shape, andmounting of the accelerometer(s) or the spe-cial accelerometer support do not significantlyalter the operators grip on the handles. Theaccelerometer(s) should notbe In contact withthe operators hand during testing.7.2.4ibra t ionThe vibration evel shall be measured n heappropriate directionsof an orthogonal coordi-nate system, as shown in figure 1 l (a) .Wherethis procedure cannot be ollowed, he posi-tions of the accelerometer(s) relative o hehand coordinates shall be reported.7.3Chain saw operat ionThe chain saw and new saw chain shall beadjusted for best cutting performance in accor-dance with he manufacturers recommenda-tions.The chain saw shall be operated in an uprightposition in accordancewith igure 9 andequipped with the guide bar listed in table 2.The chain saw shall be operated with a wide-open throttle, and the best cutting speed whilemaking at east 5 cuts in a test og. The bestcutting speed shall not vary more than f250rpm while recording data. The test log shall besquared timber of normal local usage, solid rlaminated vertically. Slices shall be cut per-pendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tim-ber. The width of the cut shall be 75% of theguide bar effective ength f1 in (f25mm). Nopart of the powerhead shall contact the test logduring the test.The chain saw shall be tested with the fuel andoil anks containing between 1/4and 3/4 fmaximum capacity.A relaxedgripon hehandlessufficient tomaintainpropercontrolshallbeemployed,consistent with day-long useof the chain saw.


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A N S I B375.3 93 I 724350 O032060 2 I

7.4 Measurements7.4.1 Measured uantityThe acceleration n thehree orthogonal direc-tions according to figure ll(a) hall be mea-suredbyaccelerometersandprocessed oform an overall vibration value, the weightedaccelerationsum WAS)according o igure1 1 b). Mathematically, the WAS is the sum ofthe oot mean square rms) of the weightedsignals from each axis.The WAS can be calculated froma frequencyspectra o f 113 octave or 1 1 1 octave with heweighting factors for the mid-frequencies cal-culated as described n IS0 5349.Alterna-tively, WAS can be calculated romhigher-resolutionFFTSpectrawhoseweightingcomplies with IS 0 5349.The three different acceleration directionsaybe measured at different times.7.4.2 ResultsThe esults eportedshallbe hearithmeticaverage obtained from a minimum of 5 cuts.7.5 Test data to be recordedThe following test data shall be recorded:

- geographicalocation;- dateand ime;- names of chain saw operator, echni-cians, meter readers, and observers;- make,model,andserialnumber of thechain saw being tested;- woodspeciesandsize;- allvibration evels;- all meter eadings aken;- enginespeeds rpm) at which eadingswere taken;- sketch or photograph of the location andattachment means of the accelerometers;- pitch size, type, andgauge of saw chain;- guide bar typeand ength;- drivesprocket ypeandsize;- testequipment.

ANSI B1 5.1 -19918 Kickback test procedure8.1 ScopeFor chain saws required to meet acceptancecriteria based on the computed kickback angle,measure the energy using he kickback estmachine and measure theaw characteristics.Compute the kickbackangle utilizing the ana-lytical model.8.2 EquipmentThe ollowing equipment and materials shallbe used to determine the computed kickbackangle:

a) Computer kickback program (see clause9) tocompute hekickbackangleusingmeasured inputs;b) The chain saw kickbackmachine orenergy level measurements5);c)nstrumentation

1) Tachometer with an accuracy of k1.5per cent of the measured value;2) Carriagevelocity imingdevice, n-cluding probes with an accuracyf +1 ms;3) Timer control switch box;4) Chain brake iming device, ncludingprobes having an accuracy of +3 ms;

d) Calibrated Baraboard@ samples1.5 in x1.5 n x 10 in (38mm x 38 mm x 250 mm)consisting o f medium-density fiberboard. hesampleshallbeoriented with ough side(end grain) facing bar tip. (Procedures forthe control and calibrationf the Baraboard@test material are provided in annex L. ) ;e) Chain brake actuating apparatus.

8.3 Physicalmeasurements8.3.1 ScopeThis subclause specifies the chainsaw physi-cal measurements that shall be made in orderto posi tion the saw correctly in the kickbackmachine and to compute the kickback angle.8.3.2 MeasurementsThe following measurements are to be madewith the bar and chain attachedn proper work-

5 ) The bil l of materials and engineering drawings describing the kickback test machine are available from thePortable Power Equipment Manufacturers Association, 7315 Wisconsin venue, Suite 702E, Bethesda, MD20814-3202.


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A N S I 8175.1 71ANSI B1 75.1 -191ing position and with oil and fuel tanks full.hesaw chainshallbeprepared in accordancewith 8.4.3 prior to taking measurements:

a) Chain saw weight (lb ). An accuracy offO.l lb isacceptable for this measurement:b) Location of the center of gravity ( to bemarked on he saw body). Representativemethods for making this measurement aregiven in annex D. An accuracy of st 0.25 in isacceptable for this measurement;c)Chain-saw moment of inert ia aboutanaxis through the center of gravity and per-pendicular to the plane of the guide bar (in-Ibf-sec2). Representative methods for mak-ing this measurementare given in annex D;d) Chain saw bar tip location relative to thecenter of gravity, expressed as x , y coordi-nates (in). An accuracy of st0.12 in s ac-ceptable for this measurement. See figure12;e) Chain saw front-handle ocation relativeto the center of gravity, expressed as x , ycoordinates (in). An accuracy of k0.12 in i sacceptable for this measurement.ee figure12 ;f ) Chain saw rear-handle ocation elativeto the center of gravity, expressed as x , ycoordinates (in). An accuracy of kO.12 in isacceptable for this measurement.ee figure12.

8.3.3Measurement of cha in saw coord i -na tesThe bar ip and handle coordinates shall bemeasured as follows (see figure 12):

a) Position the chain aw on a level surfaceso that hecenterline of theguidebar slevel. Locate guide bar tip, point B, at theintersection of a horizontal line through thenose radius and he outermost element o fthe saw chain.NOTE - Fo r nonsymmetrical bars, his point willnot lieon the centerlineof th e guide bar. The sawchain should b e rotated to the greatest horizon-tal displacement.Measureand ecord BTX, thehorizontaldisplacement (i n inches) from the center ofgravity to pointB. Measure and recordB TY ,the vertical displacement;

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0 7 2 4 1 5 0 0032063 4 W

b) Locate he ront handle, point F , at thecenter of the front handle in the midpoint ofthe hand-grip segment. Measure and recordFHX, the horizontal displacement, andHY,the vertical displacement;c) Locate he rear handle, point R, by de-termining he ntersection of a l - i n radiusarc and the lower portionf the rear handle.The arc originates at the owest point hechain saw throttle control trigger intersectsthe saw casing. Measure and record RHX,the horizontal displacement, and RHY, thevertical displacement.

8.4 Chain s aw prepara t ion8.4.1c o p eThis subclause establishes the method to beused to prepare the chainsaw and saw chainfor the kickback energy test.8.4.2Saw Preparat ion

a) The chain saw shall be n functionallynew condition;b) The saw shall be run-in according to themanufacturers recommendation.

8.4.3Saw cha inp repara t iona) The saw chain shall benew and shall beprepared fo r the estbycuttingclean ordebarked wood for approximately five min-utes;b) Saw chain tension shall beet to provideamaximumclearancebetween hechainand the bar of 0.017 in per in (mm permm)of rated bar-cutting capacity. This clearanceis measured with a 2-lb (0.9-kg)eight sus-pended from the chaint the midpoint of theguide-bar ength. The chain shall be posi-tioned to achieve the tightest condition forthis measurement. See figure13 . The chainshould move freely on the bar.

8.5 K ickb ack test - Cha in saw o pera t ion8.5.1c o p eThis subclause establishes the procedure foroperation of thechain saw,measuringandrecording of data, and the computationf kick-back energy .


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A N S I B L 7 5 - L 91 m 0724150 O032062 b

8.5.2 Preparat ionThe chain saw shall be installed and balancedin the kickback machine and frictional evelsmeasured to ensure that standard conditionsare met.8.5.2.1 If the saw weighs ess than the stan-dard carriage, the standard carriage may bereplaced with the lightweight carriage.8.5.2.2 If necessary, add- weight to the car-riageuntil hecarriageweight includingBaraboard@) s equal to the weight of the saw(k0.25 Ibf).8.5.2.3 If the saw is equipped with a remov-able bar tip guard,emove the bar tip guard fortesting.8.5.2.4 If thesaw isequippedwithachainbrake, disable the mechanism if necessary toprevent brake activation.8.5.2.5 Chain saw and bracket assembly shallbe installed as follows:

a) Remove the ronthandlegripcover nthe area where the saw handle clampill beattached and construct a clamp insert to fitthe saw handle. Attach the aw handle clampso that it is levelnd as nearly parallelo theguide bar as possible;b) nstal l he saw and cradle assembly nthekickbackmachine in accordancewithfigure 14 and align he guide bar with hecenterline of the Baraboard@ specimen;c) Adjust the chain saw, clamp, and cradleso that thesaw center of gravity is alignedowithin f 0.12 in with the rotary axis. Makethis adjustment by rotating the clampwhereit attaches to the cradle and by sliding thecradle in the support blocks;NOTE - Do not otate he clamp where it at-taches to the saw handle. This was adjusted n(a), above.d) Attach the brace (EX 4444-D)6)o eitherleg of the cradle as near as possible to therotary axis. The brace attachment may belocated on either side of the rotary axis. Asecond brace may be installeds needed torestrict side motion.

ANSI B175.1 19918.5.2.6 The chain saw shall be balanced asfollows:

a) Fuel tanks and oil tanks shall be filled;NOTE - External fuel andoil supplies to maintainfull tanks are acceptable.b) The system shall be balanced using theminimum amount of mass located as closeto the rotary axis as possible;c ) Acceptable initialbalance sachievedwhen the cradle will not rotate at the hori-zontalor verticalpositionorwhena0.13-lb (60-g) weight hung from the rotarypulley will counter any observed rotat ion. Ifthe center of gravity of the saw shifts due osoft solators,acompromisebetween hehorizontal and vertical positions s permis-sible.

8.5.2.7 Horizontal friction shall be measuredprior to and after kickback energy tests usingprocedures in annex For equivalent. The aver-age of the horizontal friction measurement inthe direction f travel away fromthe powerheadshall not exceed 0.5 lb (0.23 kg).8.5.2.8 Rotary friction shall bemeasured priorto and after kickback energy tests using proce-dures in nnex G or equivalent. The average fthe rotary friction measurement shall not ex-ceed 0.5 lb (0.23 kg).8.5.2.9 The Baraboard@ angle shall be set o30. Move the carriage so that the Baraboard@contacts the saw chain. Adjust the position ofthe ack/horizontal estrainingassembly sothat the cable from the carriageo the pulley isvertical. See figure 15.8.5.2.10 With the guide-bar centerlinen hor i -zontal position, adjust the locationf the cableattachment pin and adjust he urnbuckle tobring the 2-lb 0.9-kg) weight to the zero posi-tion. See figure 16.8.5.2.11 Adjust the carriage release point toachieve mpact velocity of 30 in/s k 0.5 ink.See annex H for more information.8.5.2.12 Adjust he Baraboard@ angle to theinitial conditions specified in 8.6.2.

6, These numbers refer to engineering drawings hat are available rom the Portable Power EquipmentManufacturers Association.

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InstituteYRIGHT American National Standards Instituteensed by Information Handling Services

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ANSI B37593 93 m 0724350 O032063 B IANSI BI75.1-1 9918.5.2.13 At the startof the test and afterverytwelve impacts, the centrifugal clutch shall beburned as follows:

a) Clamp he saw chain to theguidebarand run the aw 5 seconds with full throttle.Measure and record the slip speed (rpm);b) If the slip speed varies more than 500rpm during the test, replace the clutch.

8.5.2.14 Saw chain ension shall be set ini-tially and adjusted during the testn accordancewith 8.4.3(b).8.5.3 Procedure

a) With the barrier bar n position, start thechain saw. Adjust heenginespeedandBaraboard@ angleo the required test condi-tions:b ) Raise the barrier bar and stand clear ofthe kickback machine:c) Release the carriage, observing the en-gine speed at impact:d) Turn off the chain saw.

8.5.4 Measurementsa) Record the l i f t in inches (centimeters) ofvertical displacement of the horizontal re-strainingweightand he nches centime-ters) of horizontal displacement of the car-riage;b) Record he ifts n nches (centimeters)of displacement of the upper and the lowerrotary restraining weights.NOTE - The horizontal and otary estrainingsystems may have alternate calibrations to per-mit direct readings.

8.5.5 Additional esting equirementsa) The Baraboard@sample shall e clampedin hecarriagewith he ough side (endgrain) facing the bar tip;b)Thechain saw shallbe nspected orunusual conditions and reset for next impactconditions. Do not operate a damaged chainsaw;c)Onoccasion,balance of unitmaychange. Check and reset balance i f imbal-anceexceeds 0.25 ibf. See annex E.) fimbalance of more han 0.25 Ibf occurs,previous impact data is invalid;

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d)TheBaraboard@sampleshouldbeex-amined and exchanged. The orientation ofthesampleshallbeadjusted oprecludevertical unout.Samplesplit ting may beovercome by addition of a C-clamp. If a C-clamp is used to prevent splitting, the car-riage weight shall be compensated;e) Makeonly wo mpactsperspecimen(oneoneach ace).All sawpenetrationsshall start within the middle inch on the faceof thespecimen. If any penetration rackruns off the specimen, do not use the energyreadings in the computations. Repeat hetest on another specimen;f) Horizontal and otary riction evels areto be measured upon the completionof thetest using methods specified n annexes Fand G, or equivalent methods. The greatermeasured evel s to beused or energycomputations. If frict ion at the end f the testprogramexceedsspecifications, he estshall be repeated.

8.5.6 Kickbackenergycomputationa) Compute the horizontal energy for eachimpact as follows:Horizontal energy = ( W ) (D,,,) + ( f , ) (D,)whereWis the horizontal restraining weight (Ibf):f,, is hehorizontalaxis riction Ibf). Seeannex F;D, is hedisplacement of horizontal re-straining weight (inches);D, is the displacement of carriage (inches).b) Compute the rotary energy for each m-pact, as follows:Rotary Energy = ( W , + F,) (D,) + ( W ,) (D,)whereW, is the upper weight (Ibf);Wl is the lower weight (Ibf);D, is hedisplacement of upperweight(inches);DI is hedisplacementof owerweight(inches);fr is the rotary friction force (Ibf).NOTE- For the horizontalsystem, see annex F.For th e rotary system, see annex G.


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A N S I B 1 7 5 . 1 91 0 7 2 4 1 5 0 O032064 T m

8.6 Kickback est program8.6.1 ScopeThis subclause establishes the test conditionsat which impacts are to be performed and themethod of analyzing hedata odeterminekickback energy.8.6.2 KickbackenergydeterminationUsing he estproceduresspecified n8.5,perform mpacts at the test conditions speci-fied n tables 4 o r 5 and determine kickbackenergy in accordance with 8.6.3. For saws thatcannot be testedas slow as 9000 rpm, the sawmay be tested at 9500 or 10 O00 rpm, which-ever is the aws lowest stable operating speed.8.6.3 Dataanalysis8.6.3.1 Measurements and calculati onsKickback shall be measured as follows:

a) For each set of conditions in the t es tsequence, perform three impacts and mea-sure he otaryandhorizontalenergy oreach impact;b) Compute the average of the three rotaryenergy measurements and he average ofthe three horizontal energy measurements;c) If the rotaryenergymeasurementsareeach within 1 percent of the averageoaaryvalue, use he average of the hree mea-surements;d) If any of he otaryenergymeasure-ments are not within 10 percent of the av-erage, perform three additional impacts anduse heaverage of all six rotaryenergymeasurements. Similarly, use he averageof the six horizontal energy measurements.

8.6.3.2 Termination of test sequenceEither test sequence may be discontinued if, ateach rpm:

a) there s a 50 percent reduction n aver-age rotary energy between measurementsat two consecutive contact angles; orb) here sadecrease naverage otaryenergy fo r two consecutive contact angles.

8.7 Chain brake test procedure8.7.1 ScopeThis subclause establishes the test procedurefor saws equipped with a chain brake.

ANSI 8175.1-1991If a chain saw is equipped with a chain rake,it wil l be necessary to determine (a) the rotarykickback energy with the chain brake actuated,(b) he actuation angle, and (c) the chain stop-ping time as specified in this section.8.7.2 Chainbrakeenergymeasurementprocedure

NOTE - At the discretion of the manufacturer,8.7.2(a) through 8.7.2(c) may be omitted.a) At the conclusion of the test sequencespecified in 8.6, remove means used to pre-vent thechainbrake romactuating andperform hreeadditional mpacts at peakrotary energy conditions. If the rotary en-ergy values are not within 1O percent of theaverage, perform hree additional impactsand compute the average of all six impacts;b) Record heenergymeasurementsandnote i f the chain brake actuates each time;c) If thechainbrake actuateseach ime,R 4 the energy value that is nput nto thecomputer model as rotary energy ith chainbrake actuated, equals the average of therotary energy values.f he chain brake doesnot actuate each time, proceed to 8.7.2(d);d) Mount he chain brake actuator on helef t side of themainframecolumn of thekickback machine;e) Set the spring-loaded ever so that helever and the hand guard impactt o r imme-diately past the point the saw exits the testspecimen. Refer to 8.7.3(a);f ) Set the spring-loaded ever of the chainbrakeactuator in set position so that itscenterline intersects the saw centerf grav-ity as shown in figure 17;g) Adjust the posit ion of the spring-loadedlever so that the contact point o f the chainbrake lever (hand guard) n the set positionon the spring-loaded lever is.54 in (90 mm)from hepivotpoint of thespring-loadedlever. See figure 17;h)Recheck teps8.7.2(e),8.7.2(f),and8.7.2(g). Readjust if necessary;i) Measure and record the chain brake re-lease force (Ibf)with theengine not running.The brake release force shall be measuredwith a spring scale accurate to.25 Ibf. Theforce shall be applied at a uniform ratet the

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ANSI 8175.1-1991Table 4 - Test sequence

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Dataset no.1A1B2A26 .3A3B4A465A586A6B7A76

Dataset no.1A2A3A4A5A6A7A1B2B3B4B5B6B7B

ContactangledegreesOO5510101515202025253030

r

ContactangledegreesO51015202530O51015202530

lmveli d s3030303030303030303030303030

3Ct:itymls0.760.760.760.760.760.760.760.760.760.760.760.760.760.76

~~ ~Impact

Saw sp eed (+ 200 rpm)rPm11 O00 (maximum or highest attainable)9 O00 (or maximum minus 2000)11O009 O0011 O009 O0011 O009 O0011 O009 O0011 O009 O0011 O009 O00

vel1inls3030303030303030303030303030

-

-

Table 5 - Optional test sequence1itymls0.760.760.760.760.760.760.760.760.760.760.760.760.760.76

Saw speed (+ 200 rpm)rPm

11O00 (maximumor highest attainable:11 O0011 O0011 O0011O0011 O0011 O009O00 (or maximum minus 2000 rpm)9 O009 O009 O009O009 O009O00


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ANSI 8175.1 91 0724150 0032066 3 m

center of the top partf the brake lever. Theforce shall be measuredn a direction that isnormal to the centerlinef the spring-loadedlever when the saw isn the contact positionshown in figure 17 and he spring-loadedlever is set as shown in figure 17;j)Adjust he elease orce of thespring-loaded lever to the chain brake release forceplus 2.2 Ibf. Measure he release orce ofthe spring-loaded lever by placing a springscale at the point 3.54n from the pivot pointof the spring-loaded lever and pulling normalto he centerline of the ever. Record hisinformation on the data sheet shown in an-nex J;k) Position the chain saw so that the guidebar is horizontal, and set the contact angleand engine speed t the settings determinedto give the highest average rotary energy inthe test program detailed in 8.6.A l l testsperformedunder 8.7.2(1) and8.7.2(m) shall be conducted at the contactangle and engine speed determined to givethe highest average rotary energy;I) Conduct thechainbrakeactuation estto determine kickback machine rotary en-ergy withoperatingchainbrakeactuatorand operating chain brake. Using the proce-dures detailed in 8.5, conduct the kickbacktest with the actuator and the chain brakeoperating, and record data. Reset the actua-tor and repeat for a totalf three impacts. I fthe rotary energy values are not within 10percent of average, perform three additionalimpacts and use the average of the six val-ues. If the chain brake activates oneachimpact, R 3 equals the average of the rotaryvalues. If thebrakedoesnotactivateoneach mpact, compute he kickback angleUsing values calculated in accordance with8.6;NOTE - If the brake activates but does not tripthe ever, record that t h e lever did not trip andcontinuecalculationsand est as though helever did trip.m) Conduct the kickback test to determineR2, rotary energywith operating chain brakeactuator but with chain brake not actuated.By asuitablemeans,suchas aping orwiring hechainbrakehandle o he sawhandle, disable the chain brakeo that it willnot actuate on impact. Using the procedures

ANSI B175.1 -1991detailed in 7.5, conduct he kickback estwith the chain brake actuator operating andthe chain brake disabled, and record data.Reset the actuator and repeat for a total ofthree mpacts. If the rotary energy valuesare not within 10 percent of the average,perform hreeadditional mpacts andusethe average of the six values.R 2 equals theaverage of the rotary energy values;n) R1 is the peak rotary energydeterminedin accordance with8.6, that is, the averageof the rotary energy values at the conditionsthatproduced hehighestaverage otaryenergy during the test sequence. The testprogram of 8.6 isconductedwithout heactuator and with the chain brake disabled.Calculate the energy absorbed by the chainbrake actuator,A , in accordance with 8.7.5:EA = R1 - R2.Calculate the rotary energy with the chainbrake actuated, R4. This is the nergy valuethat is input to the computer model:R 4 = R3 + EA .

8.7.3Cha in b r akea c t u a t i o na n g l ep r o c e -du r ea) Measure heangleswhere hebar ipexits the Baraboard@ specimen under peakrotary conditions as determined in 8.6, andcompute the average. This s theElaraboard@exit angle. See figure 18;b) I f the rotary energy, R4, was determinedin accordance with 8.7.2(c), then the actua-tion angle is one-half of the Baraboard@ exitangle. Record this as the chain brake ac-tuation angle ( A 2 ) on he data sheet, figureJ.1, and in the computer program;c) If the rotary energy, R 4, was determinedin accordance with 8.7.2(n), the chain brakeactuation angle is equal to the Elaraboard@exit angle.Record this s chain brake ctua-tion angle ( A 2 )on the data heet, figure J. l,and in the computer program.8.7 .4 Cha in b rake s to pp ing t im e measu re-m en t p r ocedu r e

8.7.4.1ScopeThe chain brake stopping ime est shall beconducted at the rpm setting f the peak rotaryenergy condition determined n 8.6. Use he

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A N S I B L 7 5 . L 9 3 mANSI 6175.1-1991pendulum test technique specified n 5.9.5.2.This test may be conducted subsequent o theprocedure specified in 5.9.5.8.7.4.2 Test con dit io ns

a) Chainsawsshallbeadjusted for bestcutting performance in accordance with thechain saw manufacturers recommendations;b) Chainsawsshallbesolidlymountedduring the test;c) No adjustment of brakes shall be permit-ted during the test;d) Initially,brakesshallbe n a dryandunlubricated condition.

8.7.4.3Tak ing measurementsThe chain brake shall be activated ten timeswithout recording data. Then actuate the brakethree imes and record he average stoppingtime. Refer to 5.9.5 or test apparatus detailsand test technique.8.7.5Cha in b rak e energyca lcu la t ions

A = energy absorbed by chain brakeCalculations:EA = R1 - R2R 4 = R 3 + EAA E = R I - R 4 = R 2 - R 3whereR7 is the peak rotary energy measured with-out the chain brake actuator: averagef therotary energy values determined in accor-dancewith8.6 at thecondition thatpro-duced the highest rotary energy:R 2 is the rotary energy measured with oper-ating chain brake actuator, but with the chainbrake not actuated: average of values;R 3 is the rotary nergy measured with oper-ating chain brake and with operating chainbrake actuator: average of values.Calculated Values:R4 is he otary energy withchainbrakeactuated only;EA is the energy absorbed by chain brakeactuator.

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0 7 2 4 3 5 0O 0 3 2 0 6 7 5

8.8 Comp uted k ickback angle com putat ion8.8.1c o p eThis subclause establishes the computationsfor determining the computed kickback angleof the chain saw.8.8.2Computedk ickback ang leThe computed kickback angle is an angle, de-fined as shown in figure 7 , sed as a measureof the reaction of a hand-held chain saw whensubjected under simulated conditions to a ro -tational kickback impulse.8.8.3a luesValues or the following measurements shallbe used as input for the computer program .

a) Chain saw weight (lb) in accordance with8.3;b) Chain saw moment of inertia (in-lb-sec2)in accordance with 8.3;c) Bar tip and handle ocations (in) n ac-cordance with 8.3;d) Energy evels established at the peakrotary conditions in accordance with 8.6

1) Horizontalenergy in-lb);2) Rotaryenergy in-lb).

NOTE - For saws without chain brakes, if theaverage rotary energies measured at other setsof conditions are within 10 percent of the peak

ansi b175.1-1991

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