antagonistic muscles and joints -...
TRANSCRIPT
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Antagonistic Muscles and Joints
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Skeletal System
Main functions:
Provide support and structure, allow movement, and protect organs.
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Movement: Joints
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What are joints?
Joints occur where two or more bones join together. Most joints are flexible. However some bones in your skeleton are joined rigidly together and cannot move.
Rigidly means Firmly fixed or set
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How do joints allow you to move?
Your Joints need to be strong enough to hold your bones together but flexible enough to let them move. Different types of joints allow movement in different directions
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Bones are linked together by joints. Most joints allow different parts of the skeleton to move. The
human skeleton has joints called synovial joints.
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If two bones just moved against each other, they would eventually wear away. This can happen in people who have a condition called arthritis. To stop this happening, the ends of the bones in a joint are covered with a tough, smooth substance called cartilage. This is kept slippery by a liquid called synovial fluid.
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Tough ligaments join the two bones in the joint and stop the joint falling apart.
Ligament: a short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint.
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The three types of joints are:● Hinge joints - for movement backwards and forwards, for
example the knee and elbow.● Ball-and-socket joints - for movement in all directions for
example, the hip and shoulder● Fixed joints - do not allow any movement for example the skull. ● Pivot Joints -consist of the rounded end of one bone fitting into
a ring formed by the other bone. This structure allows rotational movement, as the rounded bone moves around its own axis
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Movement: Muscles
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Muscular System
Allows movement by working with the skeletal system
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Muscles in the body
Muscles are found all over your body. Muscles are a type of tissues that’s made up of lots of muscles cells working together to cause movement.
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There are many types of muscles in your body. For example, your heart is a muscle made of cardiac muscle tissue. This muscle pumps blood around the body. Other muscles are found in your gut (stomach) to help squeeze the food along. The diagram shows the major muscle groups in your body that are used for movement.
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How do muscles work
To make you move, muscles work by getting shorter -- they contract.
Muscles are attached to bones by tendons. When a muscle contracts it pulls on a bone. If the bone is part of a joint, the bone will move.
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How do pairs of muscles work together?
Muscles can only pull. They cannot push. This means that two muscles have to work together at a joint. If you only had one muscle in your arm, you may be able to bend your arm but you would not be able to straighten it again.
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Antagonistic Muscles
At each joint a pair of muscles work together to cause movement. These are used to bend and straighten the arm at the elbow joint by contracting or getting shorter.
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Top photo - To bend the arm: ● The biceps muscle (on the
front of the upper arm) contracts
● The triceps muscle (on the back of the upper arm) relaxes
Bottom of photo - To straighten the arm: ● the biceps muscle relaxes● The triceps muscle
contracts.
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More about Body Systems
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Circulatory System
Main Function:
Allow you to breathe in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide.
Heart: Pumps blood
Artery: Carries blood away from the heart
Veins: Carries blood to the heart
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Digestive System
To absorb nutrients and get rid of waste
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Nervous System
Sends messages to and from the brain and tells the body how to react