antenna %26 antenna line

7/30/2019 Antenna %26 Antenna Line

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Antenna &Antenna

Line

Presented by-

K Chandra1/15/2013 Tech vidhya 1


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AntennaAntenna is a transducer.

It converts a form of electrical

energy

into electromagnetic energy &

viseversa.

In mobility, we use pannel

antennas .

1/15/2013 Tech vidhya 2


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Panel Antenna

Panel antenna are basically composed

of number of array antenna, so the actual

internal design of the antenna is a long

array antenna mounted on a verticalplane.

All of these are internally connected toeach other



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Panel antennaspecification

Size or por t- 7/8 female co-axialport

Impedence- 50

Antenna port1/15/2013 Tech vidhya 4


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Kathrein Antenna Andrew Antenna

Port will be at the bottom of

antenna

Port can also be at the back

side of antenna

Knob is present to adjust

electrical tilt

Hook is present to adjust

electrical tilt

Size of clamp 3 inch Size of clamp 5 inch

Difference between kathrein & Andrew

antenna :

Manufacturer of panel antenna

: 1. Kathrein (Germany)2. Andrew (USA)3. Kavveri (India)



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Classification of Antenna

According to frequency band

According to number of ports

According to antenna polarization

According to beam width

According to direction of radiation.



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According to frequency band

Single band antenna :These antennas can support only one frequency

band.

Example : GSM 800, GSM 900, GSM 1800 , GSM 1900,

CDMA 800, CDMA 1900, UMTS 850, UMTS 2100

Dual band antenna :These antennas can support any two frequency

band of same technology or it can also support two

different technology.

Example : GSM 900 GSM 1800 , GSM 900 CDMA

800.Triple band antenna :

These antennas can support any three frequency

band of same technology or it can also support three

different technology.

Example : In some locations, Reliance have GSM,CDMA & 3G license, in those locations, Reliance can use1/15/2013 Tech vidhya 7


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According to number of port :

Single port

antenna

Hex/six port

antenna

Quard port

antenna

Dual port

antenna

NOTE All ports are 7/8 female co-axial port1/15/2013 Tech vidhya 8


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According to antenna

polariozation :Single polarized antenna: it may be

polarized

at +45 or -45

+45 or -45

if one port is +45 ,then other port must

be

+45

+45/-45 +45/-45

Dual polarized antenna :

45 45 45

Note- What ever the concept in dual port is same in quard & hex portantenna.



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Cross polarized

antenna :Single port antenna can never be a cross polarized

antenna.

-45 +45

Dual port antenna can be a

cross polarized antenna, in whichif one port is -45 polarized, then

other port must be

+45 polarized.

Note-

Now a days, mostly dual port cross polarized antennais in use to achieve polarization diversity.

Normaly polarization angle of most of the antenna is



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According to Beamwidth :

45

65 : Mostly we use 65 beamwidth antenna.

7590

120

180360 : Used for Inbuild solution (IBS) site.



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According to direction of radiation

:1. Omni directionalantenna : Omni directional antenna provide 360 courage.

These antenna can be used in IBS site.

Used in those locations, where we require to

cover large courage area with minimum number ofsubscribers.

Example In desert area.

2. Uni-directional antenna

: Uni-directional antenna can cover only onedirection.

These are the most common antennas used in

mobile sector with 65 beamwidth.



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3. Bi-directional antenna :

Bi-directional antenna can cover two

directions.

These antennas can be used in those area,

where number of users are less.

Can be used near highway.

It radiates in two directions with 65

beamwidth.



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Tilt Inclination of antenna, Inclination may be upwards or downwards.

Mechanical

Ti l t Up tilt

Down tilt

Elect r ica l

Ti l t Down tilt

By using electrical

tilt,We can achieve 0-

10 Down tilt only.

By using mechanical

tilt,We can achieve 0-15

tilt,

It may be an Up tilt or

Down tilt. 1/15/2013 Tech vidhya 14


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Mechanical t i l t

Mechanical tilt

arrangement

D o w n t i l t U p t i l t



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Electrical tilt

Input

Signal

Electrical down tilt can be fixed or switchable.Fixed is tuned by the manufacturer.

Switchable allows adjustment in a certain lever on the rear

of the antenna.



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Earthing kit,Connected to tow

body

Antenna Line

BTS

2.75 m

250 mm

2.75m3m

250mm

O/D

jumper

cable

Antenn

a

Rf cable to O/D jumper cableconnector

Earthing kit

Rf

cable

I/D jumper to Rf cableconnectorI/D jumper

cable

EGB

Rf clamp

Cabletray

Earthing pits

Pendula

m

I G B

Bend in Rf

cableRoxtec



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Feeder CableIt is a specially designed co-axial cable having

impedence 50.Outer core - Pure cu & it is hollow cylindricaltube

Soft insulation - Made up of foam kind ofwhite materialInner core - Pure cu cylindrical tube , size-

inchHard outer insulation - Black colour carbonmaterial

Outer coreMade up ofAluminium with silverfoil

Aluminium feeder

Copper feeder

cable

Inner core - Pure cu cylindrical tube & tube isfilled

with soft insulation

Hard outer insulation - Black colour carbon

Soft insulation - Made up of foam kind ofwhite



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Feeder connectorRf connector is used to connect Rf cable to antenna port & Rf

cable to BTS.

J

C

RF

CONCT

R

RF connector N-M

Male Rf connector : Always containthreading inside

Female Rf connector : Always contain threadingoutside

threadin

g



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inch Jumper cable

Jumper cableIt is used to reduce bending losses i.e power losses.

Outdoor Jumper cableMost of the case, it can be 3m

length.

Indoor Jumper cableMostly it is of 1m or 1.5m length

( indoor jumper cable are used inside theshelter)1/15/2013 Tech vidhya 20


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Jumper cablespecification :Inner core : Made up of copper & Aluminium alloy.

Soft insulation : Made up of soft foam kind ofmaterial.

Outer core : Made up of pure cu cylindrical tube.Outer insulation : Hard black colour carbonmaterial

Size of outer core is inch

Impedence is 50 .NOTE :

Cable loss of jumper cable is higher than the cable loss of feeder

cable.

Bending loss of jumper cable is quite lesser than bending loss offeeder cable 1/15/2013 Tech vidhya 21


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1. 7/8 F 7/8 M

2. 7/8 M 7/8 M

3. 7/8 F 7/8 F

4. 7/8 M 7/8 L.M

5. 7/8 M -7/8 L.M

Apart from these some more arrangements

are

1. 7/8 M 7/16 M

2. 7/8 M 7/16 F

3. 7/8 F 7/16 M

4. 7/8 F 7/16 F

L - type male connector

Combination of connector

available in Jumper cable :



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U-shape

loop

Circular

loop

Three different standards toroute Jumper cable from antenna port

to cable tray :



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Earthingkit :Earthing kit is used to protect equipments from

high power.

Length of the earthing cable is0.5mEarthing cable is made up of cu, size

10sq mm & colour of earthing cable is

black

Lug : made of cu , size 10sq mm

Cu strip : Made up of copper

Lug( Ring and Pin Type)



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Standard procedure to route theearthing cable of the earthing kit :

Direction of earthing cable should be towards

ground.

Earthing cable should be route along with the same

feeder cable by using cable ties.

Earthing cable should be straight routed towards the

ground.

Earthing cable should be properly terminated witheither EGB or tower body.

Earthing cable should be individually terminated with

EGB.



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Surge arrestor :Surge arrestor is used to protect equipments from high power,

if high power is coming from Rf cable, surge arrestor provide

alternative path for that high power, this high power is then

grounded through IGB & EGB.

Surge 1/15/2013 Tech vidhya 26


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Surge

arrestorRf cable

Jumpercable

I G BGrounding

cable1/15/2013 Tech vidhya 27


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Rf clamp / Feederclamp :Rf clamp is used to lay the Rf cables in proper way,

such that the cable may not get damaged with windpressure & other external sources.

One way Rfclamp

Two way Rf clamp

Three way Rf clamp

Six way Rf clamp



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H C T

V C T

Dummy Rf clamp

Rf cable

Dummy Rf clamp :Dummy Rf clamp is used for better routing of

Rf cable with minimum bending losses.

NOTE

By using dummy Rf clamp properly, we can

achieve sharp 300mm bending radius.1/15/2013 Tech vidhya 29


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Roxtec / hatch plate / feeder

entry / WFT(Wall feed tray)

WF T

(7/8 Boots & Boot)

Wood Screwsfor installation of WFT

7/8 Boot

1/2 Boot 1/15/2013 Tech vidhya 30


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Roxtec

Outdoor EGB forEMP grounding

Earthing pit

S-loop

Outdoor earthing near

shelter

Shelter

Grounding

cable

Rf cables



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Weather proofing kit :It is a material used to provide insulation to the

connections in outer antenna line .

PVC tape (1stlayer) Butyl tape (2nd layer)

PVC tape (4th

layer)

Rubber tape (3rdlayer)

Cable ties



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The Jumper to Feeder Connections, Earthing Kit on Feeder Connections are

properly weatherproofed. The Weatherproofing is done in Four Windings. The

last winding of the PVC tape must be wound upward so as to keep the edges

downward which would be opposite to the direction of Water flow to avoid

loosing of the Weatherproof during Rains.

Proper WeatherProofing along with

3 Cable Ties

PVC Tape Butyl Tape

PVC Tape. Rubber Tape

(Inner to Outer Weather

proofing Layers)

Weather proofing kit :



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All cable ties are tied in same

direction

Cable ties cutted smoothly by tie

cutter means edges of cable tie

should be smoothly

Cab le ties



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Labeling of cables , fusesshould be made on both endof cable.

Labels should be visible .

Labels should be tied withcable ties.

LABELING OF CABLES &INSTRUCTION



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