anthony crasto presents artemisinin, last line of defence against malaria

8/3/2019 Anthony Crasto Presents Artemisinin, last line of defence against malaria

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ARTEMISININDR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTOPRINCIPAL SCIENTISTINDIA

A SHORT PICTORIAL PRESENTATION-- JAN 2012

1ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO

EMAIL -- [email protected]

http://www.slidestaxx.com/anthony-melvin-crasto-phd


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ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO

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amcrasto@gmail.

com


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ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO3

Cheaper malaria drug on the horizon, say German researchers; 200 million

malaria sufferers worldwide

Malaria sufferers in the developing world cannot afford medicine

German researchers announced Tuesday they had discovered a process to

make the most effective anti-malaria drug cheaper and easier to produce in

large life-saving quantities.

The breakthrough offers hope to the more than 200 million malaria sufferers

worldwide, especially in poor countries, by making artemisinin more

affordable, the Max Planck Society said."There is an effective treatment against malaria but it is not accessible to all of

the more than 200 million people worldwide who are affected by the disease,"

it said in a written statement.

"Millions, especially in the developing world, cannot afford the combination

drug preparation, which consists mainly of artemisinin," it added.

In addition, it said the medication's price varied because of the seasonal natureof the basic ingredient which mainly grows in China and Vietnam.


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Malaria is a vector borne parasitic disease caused by the genus Plasmodium,

affecting over 100 countries of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world.

Four differentPlasmodium species infect humans and cause distinct disease

patterns:P. falciparum (malaria tropica),

P. vivax(malaria tertiana),

P. malariae (malaria tertiana) and

P. ovale (malaria quartana)

P. falciparum and P. vivaxaccount for 95% of malaria infections. Of these two

parasites,P. falciparum is the most deadly one, causing cerebral malaria which, if

remain untreated, leads to coma and ultimately death of the patient. 40% of the

world populations live in areas with the risk of malaria.

Around 300-500 million clinical cases of malaria are reported every year, of which

more than a million die of severe and complicated cases of malaria. Malaria is

known to kill one child every 30 sec, 3000 children per day under the age of 5 years.


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5 Artemisinin

IUPAC Name3,12-Epoxy-12H-pyrano[4,3-j]-1,2-benzodioxepin-10(3H)-one, octahydro-3,6,9-trimethyl-, (3R,5aS,6R,8aS,9R,12S,12aR)-

Other Names

(+)-Arteannuin; (+)-Artemisinin; (+)-Qinghaosu; Arteannuin; Artemef; Artemisine; Artemisinin; Artemisinine; Huanghuahaosu; NSC 369397;QHS; Qing Hau Sau; Qing Hau Su; Qinghaosu; Qinghosu

CAS Number 693968-64-9

Physical DataDensity: 1.24 g/ml

Melt. point: 152 - 157C


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Because artemisinin itself has physical properties

such as poor bioavailability that limit its

effectiveness, semisynthetic derivatives of

artemisinin have been developed. These include:Artesunate (water-soluble: for oral, rectal,

intramuscular, or intravenous use)

Artemether (lipid-soluble: for oral, rectal or

intramuscular use)Dihydroartemisinin

Artelinic acid

Artenimol

Artemotil


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Total synthesis


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synthesis


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The biosynthesis of artemisinin


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synthesis


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Artemisinin:An Ancient Remedy for Modern Malaria

Sometimes old remedies can be the best, particularly when they've been around

for a couple thousand years. Take sweet wormwood, for example.

Archaeological findings indicate that the Chinese were using wormwood to treat

malaria more than 2,000 years ago. The weedArtemisia annua or qing ho in

Chineseis even mentioned in the Recipes for 52 Kinds of Diseases, an early

medical text found in a tomb dating from 168 BC. But its curative powers were

not put to a rigorous test until 1967, when the government of the People's

Republic of China began to examine systematically indigenous plants used in

traditional remedies as potential sources of drugs.


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It is a drug that has its roots in ancient Chinese medicine. In the fight against

malaria, a disease that over 200 million people are estimated to have caught in

2010, some 655,000 of whom died of it, protecting the effectiveness of

artemisinin-based drugs has become vitally important.

A number of Indian pharmaceutical companies have been among thosemanufacturing and marketing drugs that are likely to foster resistance to

artemisinin in the malaria parasite, according to the latest World Malaria Report

that was recently released.

However, India's Drugs Controller General initiated action earlier this year to stop

the production and export of these drugs.

Artemisin and its derivatives have saved countless lives after the single-celledparasite, Plasmodium falciparum, that causes the most dangerous forms of the

disease became resistant to the drug chloroquine. However, strains that are

resistant to even artemisinin have emerged in parts of South-East Asia and could

potentially spread, as has happened with earlier antimalarial drugs.


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References

1. A. Butler and T. Hensman, Educ. Chem.,

2000, 37

(6), 151.2. R. K. Haynes et al, Angew. Chem. Int. Edn,

2004, 43, 1381.

3. J. L. Vennerstrom et al, Nature (London),

2004, 430, 900.

4. G. D. Brown, G.-Y. Liang and L.-K.

Sy, Phytochemistry, 2003, 64, 303.

5. R. Jambou et al, Lancet, 2005, 366, 1960.


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http://www.amazon.com/Artemisinin-Artesunate-Artemisinic-Derivatives-Artemisia/dp/0978747399


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Pictures speak


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End

THANKYOU

EMAIL [email protected] academic presentation and will not

be used for any commercial purpose.

My small effort to initiate interest forantimalarials

DR ANTHONY MELVIN CRASTO, HELPING MILLIONS WITH WEBSITES

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anthony crasto presents artemisinin, last line of defence against malaria

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