anthracnose and algal stem blotch on southern highbush...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush Blueberry in Florida
FBGA Fall 2014 Blueberry Short Course
Philip F. Harmon, Ph.D.
Associate Professor and Extension Specialist
UF/IFAS Plant Pathology Department
![Page 2: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Disease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014
28 Phytophthora crown and root rot Phytophthora sp./spp.
22 Anthracnose Colletotrichum sp./spp.
21 BRRV Blueberry Red Ringspot Virus (BRRV)
18 Botryosphaeria Stem Blight Botryosphaeria sp./spp.
15 Bacterial Leaf Scorch Xylella fastidiosa
4 Gray Mold Botrytis cinerea
3 Pestalotia leaf spot Pestalotia sp.
2 Blueberry Leaf Rust Pucciniastrum vaccinii
2 Phomopsis Leaf Spot /Twig Blight Phomopsis sp./spp.
1 Crown Gall Agrobacterium tumefaciens
1 Phyllosticta Leaf Spot Phyllosticta sp./spp.
53 Bacterial Leaf Scorch Not Detected Xylella fastidiosa
21 No Pathogen Found (in tissue submitted)
5 Insufficient Sample-PFD Problem further down
3 BRRV Not Detected Blueberry Red Ringspot Virus (BRRV)
3 Insect Damage Insects
2 Phytophthora Not Detected Phytophthora sp./spp.
2 Insufficient Sample
2 Nutrient Imbalance Suspected
208 Total for Blueberry
![Page 3: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
“Anthracnose”
• There are 3 diseases referred to as anthracnose:
– Anthracnose fruit rot is also known as ripe rot (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)
– Gloeosporium leaf spot also known as anthracnose leaf spot and known to cause stem cankers as well (Gloeosporium minus)
– Anthracnose stem canker also known as dieback also (Gloeosporium minus?) • Not supposed to have structures called setae
• Dieback and cankers most prevalent on Flicker, also on Scintilla
![Page 4: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
anthracnose fruit rot ripe rot
![Page 5: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Phyllosticta leaf spot
Gloeosporium leaf spot aka anthracnose leaf spot
![Page 6: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
anthracnose stem canker
![Page 7: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Control Azoxystrobin Propiconazole
![Page 10: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Resistance to QoI fungicides
• The stem canker pathogen is resistant to:
– QoI fungicides (azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin)
– Abound, Cabrio, Pristine
• Four farms were sampled, all isolates were resistant, send samples to confirm resistance on your farm to the UF Plant Disease Clinic
![Page 11: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Managing anthracnose
• Do not use applications of only Abound, Cabrio, and Pristine on Flicker post harvest
• Rotate or tank mix DMI fungicides with compatible contact fungicides
• Do not apply more than the labels allow for any one active ingredient for the season
• Change between products with different active ingredients
![Page 12: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Fungicides to look into
• DMI fungicides include products:
– Tilt and Orbit, Indar, Quash, a new product Proline
• Contact fungicides include:
– Bravo, Captan, Kocide, Omega, and Ziram
• From what I’ve seen, Flicker will require frequent rotations of these fungicides when rains are regular and disease is likely
![Page 13: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Non-fungicide options
• Overhead irrigation has been associated with greater disease severity—drip less so
• Sanitation
– use sanitizer on shears when pruning Flicker
– remove diseased plant material from the field and compost, bury, or burn it as appropriate
– plant varieties other than Flicker
![Page 14: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
algal stem blotch
![Page 15: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Managing algal stem blotch
• Most fungicides do not work on algae
• Copper fungicides can help
– Two to four monthly applications in summer starting after harvest have been reported to keep the disease in check most years by growers
– Kocide 3000 (also Kocide 2000) as well as several other products and formulations of copper
– Avoid tank-mixes of Cu products
• with phites and pesticides with EC formulation
![Page 20: Anthracnose and Algal Stem Blotch on Southern Highbush ...52.23.187.59/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/2014-FBGA-HARMON_for-FBGA.pdfDisease happenings 2014 Blueberry Samples so far 2014](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070617/5d5aa06f88c99373678b4b56/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Other methods?
• Phosphite fungicides applied for Phytophthora root rot management (but not immediately following copper) may help?
• Sprayers need to achieve good cane coverage
• Overhead irrigation will contribute to canopy wetness and disease
• Farthing, Primadonna, and older plantings of Emerald get the disease, Jewel is not affected